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1981 Andorran Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Andorra on 9 December 1981, with a second round of voting on 16 December. Local elections were held on the same day. Following the elections, Ã’scar Ribas Reig became the country's first Prime Minister. Electoral system For the first time, all 28 seats of the General Council were up for election at the same time. Between 1867 and 1979 only half of the seats were renewed in each election. Each parish formed a constituency, electing four members each. Members of the Parliament were elected using a two-round plurality voting system. As political parties were not legalised until 1993, all candidates ran as independents. Following the election, the General Council elected the Prime Minister of Andorra, and the General Syndic ( speaker). Results Voter turnout was 74.5%. A second round was only held in Canillo to elect two vacant seats not filled in the first round. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Council (Andorra)
The General Council (, ) is the unicameral parliament of Andorra. It is sometimes referred to as the General Council of the Valleys (Catalan: ''Consell General de les Valls'') because it was the historical name and to distinguish it from similarly named bodies in the Val d'Aran and in France. Organization There are twenty-eight "general councillors", who are elected for four-year terms based on party lists in a closed list system: *two general councillors from each of the seven parishes, elected from the list with most votes in each parish; *fourteen general councillors elected from national lists using the largest remainder method of proportional representation. The parish lists and the national list are independent of one another: the same person cannot appear on both the national list and on a parish list, and voters cast two separate ballots (there is no requirement to vote for the same party for both lists). This is a recent development; originally, the seven parish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andorra
Andorra, officially the Principality of Andorra, is a Sovereignty, sovereign landlocked country on the Iberian Peninsula, in the eastern Pyrenees in Southwestern Europe, Andorra–France border, bordered by France to the north and Spain to Andorra–Spain border, the south. Believed to have been created by Charlemagne, Andorra was ruled by the Counts of Urgell, count of Urgell until 988, when it was transferred to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Urgell. The present principality was formed by Paréage of Andorra 1278, a charter in 1278. It is currently headed by two co-princes: the Roman Catholic Diocese of Urgell, Bishop of Urgell in Catalonia, Spain, and the president of France. Its capital and largest city is Andorra la Vella. Andorra is the European microstates, fifth-smallest state in Europe, with an area of and a population of approximately 87,486. The Andorran people are a Italic peoples, Romance ethnic group closely related to Catalans. Andorra is the world's List of co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dieter Nohlen
Dieter Nohlen (born 6 November 1939) is a German academic and political scientist. He currently holds the position of Emeritus Professor of Political Science in the Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences of the University of Heidelberg. An expert on electoral system An electoral or voting system is a set of rules used to determine the results of an election. Electoral systems are used in politics to elect governments, while non-political elections may take place in business, nonprofit organizations and inf ...s and political development, he has published several books. Bibliography Books published by Nohlen include: *''Electoral systems of the world'' (in German, 1978) *''Lexicon of politics'' (seven volumes) *''Elections and Electoral Systems'' (1996) *''Elections in Africa: A Data Handbook'' (1999 with Michael Krennerich and Bernhard Thibaut) *''Elections in Asia and the Pacific: A Data Handbook'' (2001 with and Christof Hartmann) ** ''Volume 2: South East Asia, East ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ã’scar Ribas Reig
Ã’scar Ribas Reig (; 26 October 193618 December 2020) was an Andorran politician, lawyer, and businessman who became the prime minister of Andorra in 1982.Andorra entry on Hutchinson Encyclopedia He twice served as head of government, first from 8 January 1982 to 21 May 1984 and again from 12 January 1990 to 7 December 1994. Early life and education Ã’scar Ribas Reig was born in , Andorra, on 26 October 1936 to an Andorran father and a Catalan mother. He moved to Spain as a child, living in |
Prime Minister Of Andorra
The head of government of the Principality of Andorra (), alternatively known as the prime minister of Andorra, is the chief executive of the government of Andorra. They are appointed by the General Council. The position was created in 1982 after constitutional reforms separated the executive and legislative powers. Òscar Ribas Reig was elected as the country's first prime minister on 4 January 1982. Nohlen D & Stöver P (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p160 The current prime minister is Xavier Espot Zamora, who has been in office since 16 May 2019. Prime ministers of Andorra (1982–present) Timeline See also * List of co-princes of Andorra References {{Europe heads of state and government Politics of Andorra Andorra Andorra, officially the Principality of Andorra, is a Sovereignty, sovereign landlocked country on the Iberian Peninsula, in the eastern Pyrenees in Southwestern Europe, Andorra–France border, bordered by France to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parishes Of Andorra
Andorra consists of seven communities known as parishes (, singularparròquia). Until relatively recently, it had only six parishes; the seventh, Escaldes–Engordany, was created in 1978. Overview Andorra la Vella is the capital of Andorra. Some parishes have a further territorial subdivision; Ordino, La Massana and Sant Julià de Lòria are subdivided into ''quarts'' (quarters), while Canillo is subdivided into 10 ''veïnats'' (neighborhoods). Those mostly coincide with villages, which are found in all parishes. Each parish has its own elected mayor who is the nominal head of the local government known as a ''comú'' in Catalan. See also *ISO 3166-2:AD *List of cities in Andorra References External links {{Articles on first-level administrative divisions of European countries Parishes of Andorra, Andorra geography-related lists Administrative divisions in Europe, Andorra 1 First-level administrative divisions by country, Parishes, Andorra List ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plurality Voting System
Plurality voting refers to electoral systems in which the candidates in an electoral district who poll more than any other (that is, receive a plurality) are elected. Under single-winner plurality voting, and in systems based on single-member districts, plurality voting is called single member istrictplurality (SMP), which is widely known as " first-past-the-post". In SMP/FPTP the leading candidate, whether or not they have a majority of votes, is elected. There are several versions of plurality voting for multi-member district. The system that elects multiple winners at once with the plurality rule and where each voter casts as many X votes as the number of seats in a multi-seat district is referred to as plurality block voting. A semi-proportional system that elects multiple winners elected at once with the plurality rule and where each voter casts more than one vote but fewer than the number of seats to fill in a multi-seat district is known as limited voting. A semi-prop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of General Syndics Of The General Council
List of general syndics of the General Council of the Valleys (Andorra). The general syndic is the speaker (politics), speaker of the General Council (Andorra), Andorran parliament. Roser Suñé Pascuet, on April 3, 2019, became the first female to hold the office of General Syndic in Andorra's history. Officeholders See also *List of first syndics of the General Council Footnotes and references {{DEFAULTSORT:General Syndics of the General Council of the Valleys (Andorra) Andorra politics-related lists General Syndics of the General Council (Andorra), * Lists of legislative speakers, Andorra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Speaker (politics)
The speaker of a deliberative assembly, especially a legislative body, is its presiding officer, or the chair. The title was first used in 1377 in England. Usage The title was first recorded in 1377 to describe the role of Thomas de Hungerford in the Parliament of England.Lee Vol 28, pp. 257,258. The speaker's official role is to moderate debate, make rulings on procedure, announce the results of votes, and the like. The speaker decides who may speak and has the powers to discipline members who break the procedures of the chamber or house. The speaker often also represents the body in person, as the voice of the body in ceremonial and some other situations. A speaker usually presides the lower house. Different styles are employed to refer to those who preside upper houses or Senates. By convention, speakers are normally addressed in Parliament as "Mister Speaker" if a man, or "Madam Speaker" if a woman. In other cultures, other styles are used, mainly being equivale ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canillo
Canillo () is one of the seven parishes which make up Andorra. Canillo is also the name of the main town of the parish. The parish is considered the religious center of Andorra with the Sanctuary and Chapel of Our Lady of Meritxell, patron saint of Andorra, and contains one of the best-preserved romanesque churches in the Pyrenees, Sant Joan de Caselles. It has a population of 4,826 as of 2011. Despite having a tourist vocation, the parish of Canillo still retains many livestock and agricultural traits. It borders France to the north and east. History The etymological origin of the name of the parish Canillo and its capital is pre-Roman, Iberian or Celtic. It is documented for the first time in the ''Acta de Consagració i Dotació de la Catedral de la Seu d'Urgell'' (Deed of Consecration and Endowment of the Cathedral of La Seu d'Urgell), during the 9th century, as ''Kanillave'' or ''Sant Serni de Kanillave''. Later on it was referred to as ''Canilau'' as it appears in a d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1981 Elections In Europe
Events January * January 1 ** Greece enters the European Economic Community, predecessor of the European Union. ** Palau becomes a self-governing territory. * January 6 – A funeral service is held in West Germany for Nazi Grand Admiral Karl Doenitz following his death on December 24. * January 10 – Salvadoran Civil War: The FMLN launches its first major offensive, gaining control of most of Morazán and Chalatenango departments. * January 15 – Pope John Paul II receives a delegation led by Polish Solidarity leader Lech Wałęsa at the Vatican. * January 20 – Iran releases the 52 Americans held for 444 days, minutes after Ronald Reagan is sworn in as the 40th President of the United States, ending the Iran hostage crisis. * January 21 – The first DeLorean automobile, a stainless steel sports car with gull-wing doors, rolls off the production line in Dunmurry, Northern Ireland. * January 24 – An earthquake of magnitude in Sichuan, China, kills 150 people. Ja ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1981 In Andorra
Events January * January 1 ** Greece enters the European Economic Community The European Economic Community (EEC) was a regional organisation created by the Treaty of Rome of 1957,Today the largely rewritten treaty continues in force as the ''Treaty on the functioning of the European Union'', as renamed by the Lisbo ..., predecessor of the European Union. ** Palau becomes a self-governing territory. * January 6 – A funeral service is held in West Germany for Nazi Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz, Karl Doenitz following his death on December 24. * January 10 – Salvadoran Civil War: The Farabundo Martà National Liberation Front, FMLN launches its first major offensive, gaining control of most of Morazán Department, Morazán and Chalatenango Department, Chalatenango departments. * January 15 – Pope John Paul II receives a delegation led by Polish Solidarity (Polish trade union), Solidarity leader Lech Wałęsa at the Vatican City, Vatican. * January 20 – Iran releas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
