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1978 Qom Uprising
The 1978 Qom protest (Persian: تظاهرات ۱۹ دی قم) was a demonstration against the Pahlavi dynasty ignited by the '' Iran and Red and Black Colonization'' article published on 7 January 1978 in '' Ettela'at'' newspaper, one of the two publications with the largest circulation in Iran. The article insulted Khomeini, who later founded the Islamic Republic of Iran, describing him as an Indian Sayyed. The events started on 7 January 1978, followed by the closing of bazaars and seminaries, with students rallying towards the homes of religious leaders on the next day. On 9 January 1978, seminary students and others held a demonstration in the city, which faced a crackdown by the Shah's security forces, who used live ammunition to disperse the crowd when the peaceful demonstration turned violent. Between 5 and 300 of the demonstrators were reportedly killed in the protest. 9 January 1978 (19 Dey) is regarded as a bloody day in Qom. Prelude Previously, a June 1975 protest in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iranian Revolution
The Iranian Revolution (, ), also known as the 1979 Revolution, or the Islamic Revolution of 1979 (, ) was a series of events that culminated in the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1979. The revolution led to the replacement of the Imperial State of Iran by the Islamic Republic of Iran, as the monarchical government of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was superseded by the theocratic Ruhollah Khomeini, a religious cleric who had headed one of the rebel factions. The ousting of Pahlavi, the last Shah of Iran, formally marked the end of List of monarchs of Persia, Iran's historical monarchy. In 1953, the CIA- and MI6-backed 1953 Iranian coup d'état overthrew Iran’s democratically elected Prime Minister, Mohammad Mossadegh, who had nationalized the country's oil industry to reclaim sovereignty from British control. The coup reinstalled Mohammad Reza Pahlavi as an absolute monarch and entrenched Iran as a client state of the U.S. and UK. Over the next 26 years, Pahlavi consolidated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islamic Revolution Document Center
The Islamic Revolution Document Center (IRDC) () is a research institution, founded in 1981, that collects and maintains documents related to the Iranian Revolution and other Islamic history The history of Islam is believed, by most historians, to have originated with Muhammad's mission in Mecca and Medina at the start of the 7th century CE, although Muslims regard this time as a return to the original faith passed down by the Abra .... The center estimated that America was responsible for the deaths of a hundred million Native Americans. References External links Islamic Revolution Documents Center's website {{authority control 1981 establishments in Iran Iranian Revolution Libraries established in 1981 Research institutes in Iran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
January 1978 In Asia
January is the first month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. The first day of the month is known as New Year's Day. It is, on average, the coldest month of the year within most of the Northern Hemisphere (where it is the second month of winter) and the warmest month of the year within most of the Southern Hemisphere (where it is the second month of summer). In the Southern hemisphere, January is the seasonal equivalent of July in the Northern hemisphere and vice versa. Ancient Roman observances during this month include Cervula and Juvenalia, celebrated January 1, as well as one of three Agonalia, celebrated January 9, and Carmentalia, celebrated January 11. These dates do not correspond to the modern Gregorian calendar. History January (in Latin, ''Ianuarius'') is named after Janus, the god of beginnings and transitions in Roman mythology. Traditionally, the original Roman calendar consisted of 10 months totaling 304 days, win ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1978 In Iran
Events from the year 1978 in Iran. Incumbents * Shah of Iran, Shah: Mohammad Reza Pahlavi * Prime Minister of Iran, Prime Minister: ** until August 27: Jamshid Amouzegar ** August 27-November 6: Jafar Sharif-Emami ** starting November 6: Gholam-Reza Azhari Events * 7 January – Iran and Red and Black Colonization * 9 January – 1978 Qom protest * 18 February – 1978 Tabriz protests * 21 June – 1978 Iranian Chinook shootdown * 8 September – Black Friday (1978), Black Friday, massacre by Iranian army provoked 88 deaths. * 16 September – The 7.4 1978 Tabas earthquake, Tabas earthquake affected central Iran with a maximum Mercalli intensity scale, Mercalli intensity of IX (''Violent''). At least 15,000 people were killed. Births * 23 July – Mehdi Kiani (footballer, born 1978), Mehdi Kiani, footballer. * 23 July – Ruhollah Zam, activist and journalist (d. 2020) * 6 May – Afshin (singer), Afshin, singer. See also * Years in Iraq * Years in Afghanistan References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1978 Tabriz Protests
1978 Tabriz protests refers to the events that occurred on 18 February 1978, 40 days after the 1978 Qom protests, . Several clerics in Qom and other major cities across Iran had announced the 40th-day commemoration for those killed during the Qom incidents. Also, announcements were published in universities a few days before the 40th-day commemoration of the events in Qom, inviting students and professors to close the university and join the demonstrators. The most prominent of the developments occurred in Tabriz. On the announced day, 18 February 1978, a large crowd was led by Ayatollah Seyyed Mohammad Ali Qazi Tabataba'ei towards the ''Qezelli'' mosque, which was closed by the police to prevent the 40th-day commemoration from being held. The clash over the mosque closure, between police and the people, led to the death of a young student protester, Mohammad Tajalli, whose body was then taken to the streets. People attacked wine stores and cinemas and set fire to the Rastakhiz Par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isfahan
Isfahan or Esfahan ( ) is a city in the Central District (Isfahan County), Central District of Isfahan County, Isfahan province, Iran. It is the capital of the province, the county, and the district. It is located south of Tehran. The city has a population of approximately 2,220,000, making it the third-most populous city in Iran, after Tehran and Mashhad, and the second-largest metropolitan area. Isfahan is located at the intersection of the two principal routes that traverse Iran, north–south and east–west. Isfahan flourished between the 9th and 18th centuries. Under the Safavid Iran, Safavid Empire, Isfahan became the capital of Iran, for the second time in its history, under Abbas the Great. It is known for its Persian architecture, Persian–Islamic architecture, Muslim architecture, grand boulevards, covered bridges, palaces, tiled mosques, and minarets. Isfahan also has many historical buildings, monuments, paintings, and artifacts. The fame of Isfahan led to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tabriz
Tabriz (; ) is a city in the Central District (Tabriz County), Central District of Tabriz County, in the East Azerbaijan province, East Azerbaijan province of northwestern Iran. It serves as capital of the province, the county, and the district. It is the List of largest cities of Iran, sixth-most-populous city in Iran. Tabriz is in the Quri Chay, Quru River valley in Iran's historic Azerbaijan (Iran), Azerbaijan region between long ridges of volcanic cones in the Sahand and Eynali mountains. Tabriz's elevation ranges between above sea level. The valley opens up into a plain that gently slopes down to the eastern shores of Lake Urmia, to the west. The city was named World Carpet Weaving City by the World Crafts Council in October 2015 and Exemplary Tourist City of 2018 by the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. With a population of over 1.7 million (2016), Tabriz is the largest economic hub and metropolitan area in northwest Iran. The population is bilingual with most peopl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hossein Noori Hamedani
Grand Ayatollah Hossein Noori-Hamedani () (also Hossein Nuri-Hamedani) (born 21 March 1925) is an Iranian Twelver Shi'a Marja known for his conservative views. He has expressed his disapproval of Sufis and dervishes, Jews, the intellectual Abdolkarim Soroush and the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women; His support for the purge of "anti-Islamic and atheist professors" from Iranian universities. He has been noted as the only grand ayatollah to congratulate Mahmoud Ahmadinejad when Ahmadinejad was first declared victor in the controversial June 12, 2009 election; and also as "celebrated by the central government for his wholehearted support of the leader and the president". Biography Hosein Nuri-Hamadani was born in Hamadan, Iran. After finishing elementary studies in Hamadan, at the age of 17 he moved to Qom, Iran to continue his religious studies. He studied in the seminaries of Allameh Tabatabai and Grand Ayatollah Borujerdi. He c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bazaar
A bazaar or souk is a marketplace consisting of multiple small Market stall, stalls or shops, especially in the Middle East, the Balkans, Central Asia, North Africa and South Asia. They are traditionally located in vaulted or covered streets that have doors on each end and served as a city's central marketplace. The term ''bazaar'' originates from Persian language, Persian, where it referred to a town's public market district. The term bazaar is sometimes also used to refer collectively to the merchants, bankers and Master craftsman, craftsmen who work in that area. The term ''souk'' comes from Arabic and refers to marketplaces in the Middle East and North Africa. Although the lack of archaeological evidence has limited detailed studies of the evolution of bazaars, the earliest evidence for the existence of bazaars or souks dates to around 3000 Common Era, BCE. Cities in the ancient Middle East appear to have contained commercial districts. Later, in the historic Islamic world, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ayatollah Golpaygani
Grand Ayatollah Mohammad-Reza Golpaygani (; March 20, 1899Biography of Grand Ayatollah Seyyed Muhammad Reza Golpayegani serajnet.org – December 9, 1993) was an Iranian and '''' scholar. He was born in 1899 in Gogad village near the city of Golpaygan, . He was taught preliminary studies by his father, Mohammad Bagher. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Feyziyeh School
Feyziyeh School () is an old school in Qom, Iran that was founded in the Safavid era. The school has been listed as one of Iran's national monuments as of 29 January 2008. The school is famous in part as the focal point for clerical opposition to Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi's White Revolution, and the site of the 1963 Ashura speech by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini denouncing the Shah, which led to his arrest. Background The Feyziyeh school was founded in Qom during the Safavid era. An epigraph on the south veranda dates its construction to the reign of Shah Tahmasp I, Shah Tahmasp. A school by the name of ''Astana'' existed at the site, from the 6th to the 11th century. Reconstruction was carried out under the Safavids and the school was renamed Feyziyeh. The school was rebuilt and extended during the reign of Fath-Ali Shah Qajar in 1799. The school has 40 rooms on the first floor, 4 long veranda, 12 stalls and a square pool. History Opposition to the White Revolution In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yazid I
Yazid ibn Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan (; 11 November 683), commonly known as Yazid I, was the second caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate, ruling from April 680 until his death in November 683. His appointment by his father Mu'awiya I () was the first hereditary succession to the caliphate in Islamic history. His caliphate was marked by the death of Muhammad's grandson Husayn ibn Ali and the start of the crisis known as the Second Fitna. During his father's caliphate, Yazid led several campaigns against the Byzantine Empire, including an attack on the Byzantine capital, Constantinople. Yazid's nomination as heir apparent in (56 AH) by Mu'awiya was opposed by several Muslim grandees from the Hejaz region, including Husayn and Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr. The two men refused to recognize Yazid following his accession and took sanctuary in Mecca. When Husayn left for Kufa in Iraq to lead a revolt against Yazid, he was killed with his small band of supporters by Yazid's forces in the Batt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
