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1976 Anapa Mid-air Collision
The 1976 Anapa mid-air collision was the collision of Aeroflot Flight 7957 (an Antonov An-24RV) and Aeroflot Flight S-31 (a Yakovlev Yak-40) on 9 September 1976, off the coast of Anapa in the Soviet Union. All 70 people on the two aircraft were killed in the crash. The primary cause of the accident was determined to be error by the air traffic controller; investigators never recovered the fuselage of the Yak-40. Aircraft involved Antonov An-24RV Aeroflot Flight 7957 was an Antonov An-24 registered as CCCP-46518 with 47 passengers and 5 crew members aboard. The aircraft was constructed in Kiev and first flew in 1973. At the time of the accident, the aircraft had sustained a total of 6,107 flight hours and 4,626 pressurization cycles. Crew Of the five crew members aboard, the cockpit crew consisted of: * Captain Mikhail Gutanov (Михаил Михайлович Гутанов) * Co-pilot Anatoly Buryi (Анатолий Антонович Бурый) * Flight engineer Vladi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mid-air Collision
In aviation, a mid-air collision is an aviation accident, accident in which two or more aircraft come into unplanned contact during flight. The potential for a mid-air collision is increased by Aviation communication, miscommunication, mistrust, error in Air navigation, navigation, deviations from flight plans, lack of situational awareness, and the lack of Traffic collision avoidance system, collision-avoidance systems. Although a rare occurrence in general due to the vastness of open space available, collisions often happen near or at airports, where large volumes of aircraft are spaced more closely than in general flight. First recorded collision The first recorded collision between aircraft occurred at the "Milano Circuito Aereo Internazionale" meeting held between 24 September and 3 October 1910 in Milan, Italy. On 3 October, Frenchman René Thomas (racing driver), René Thomas, flying the Antoinette IV monoplane, collided with British Army Captain Bertram Dickson by r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pilot In Command
The pilot in command (PIC) of an aircraft is the person aboard an aircraft who is ultimately responsible for its operation and safety during flight. This would be the captain in a typical two- or three- pilot aircrew, or "pilot" if there is only one certificated and qualified pilot at the controls of an aircraft. The PIC must be legally certificated (or otherwise authorized) to operate the aircraft for the specific flight and flight conditions, but need not be actually manipulating the controls at any given moment. The PIC is the person legally in charge of the aircraft and its flight safety and operation, and would normally be the primary person liable for an infraction of any flight rule. The strict legal definition of PIC may vary slightly from country to country. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) definition is: "The pilot responsible for the operation and safety of the aircraft during flight time." In Annex 2, "Rules of the Air", under par. "2.3.1 Responsi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aviation Accidents And Incidents In 1976
Aviation includes the activities surrounding mechanical flight and the aircraft industry. ''Aircraft'' include fixed-wing and rotary-wing types, morphable wings, wing-less lifting bodies, as well as lighter-than-air aircraft such as hot air balloons and airships. Aviation began in the 18th century with the development of the hot air balloon, an apparatus capable of atmospheric displacement through buoyancy. Clément Ader built the "Ader Éole" in France and made an uncontrolled, powered hop in 1890. This was the first powered aircraft, although it did not achieve controlled flight. Some of the most significant advancements in aviation technology came with the controlled gliding flying of Otto Lilienthal in 1896. A major leap followed with the construction of the ''Wright Flyer'', the first powered airplane by the Wright brothers in the early 1900s. Since that time, aviation has been technologically revolutionized by the introduction of the jet engine which enabled aviation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1976 In The Soviet Union
The following lists events that happened during 1976 in the Soviet Union, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Incumbents * General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union: Leonid Brezhnev * Premier of the Soviet Union: Alexei Kosygin * Chairman of the Russian SFSR: Mikhail Solomentsev Events January February * February 24 — 25th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union March April May June * June 1 — The Philippine government opens relations with the Soviet Union. July September October November December Births *January 10 — Valery Chekalov, Russian mercenary leader (d. 2023 in Russia, 2023) *February 27 — Sergei Semak, Russian football player and coach *April 5 — Natascha Ragosina, Russian boxer *April 12 — Andrei Lipanov, Russian ice skater *April 21 — Elisabet Reinsalu, Estonian actress *May 28 — Alexei Nemov, former Russian artistic gymnast *June 4 — Alexei Navalny, Russian lawyer and activist (d. 2024 in Russia, 2024) * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Non-directional Beacon
A non-directional beacon (NDB) or non-directional radio beacon is a radio beacon which does not include directional information. Radio beacons are radio transmitters at a known location, used as an aviation or marine navigational aid. NDB are in contrast to directional radio beacons and other navigational aids, such as low-frequency radio range, VHF omnidirectional range (VOR) and tactical air navigation system (TACAN). NDB signals Ground conductivity, follow the curvature of the Earth, so they can be received at much greater distances at lower altitudes, a major advantage over VOR. However, NDB signals are also affected more by atmospheric conditions, mountainous terrain, coastal refraction and electrical storms, particularly at long range. The system, developed by United States Army Air Corps (USAAC) Captain Albert Francis Hegenberger, was used to fly the world's first instrument approach on May 9, 1932. Types of NDBs NDBs used for aviation are standardised by the Internatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Air Traffic Controller
An Air traffic controller (ATC) is a person responsible for the coordination of traffic in their assigned airspace. Typically stationed in area control centers or control towers, they monitor the position, speed, and altitude of aircraft and communicate with the pilots via radio. In addition, controllers ensure safe distances between the different aircraft. The profession is considered to be highly demanding and stressful due to the need for constant reorganization of cognitive processes, flexible adjustments and continuous decision-making, also often while under time pressure. Factors such as unfavorable work schedules, high responsibility and the reliability of equipment further influence workload and stress levels. Despite these challenges, the role offers competitive salaries and strong job security, which are often cited as key benefits. History Origins Air traffic controlling dates to the early 1920s in the United Kingdom (UK); the first Air traffic control, control ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moscow Time
Moscow Time (MSK; ) is the time zone for the city of Moscow, Russia, and most of western Russia, including Saint Petersburg. It is the second-westernmost of the eleven time zones of Russia, after the non-continguous Kaliningrad enclave. It has been set to UTC+03:00 without DST since 26 October 2014; before that date it had been set to UTC+04:00 year-round on 27 March 2011. Moscow Time is used to schedule trains, ships, etc. throughout Russia, but air transport in Russia is scheduled using local time. Time in Russia is often announced throughout the country's other timezones on radio stations as Moscow Time, which is also registered in telegrams, etc. Descriptions of time zones in Russia are often based on Moscow Time rather than UTC; for example, Yakutsk ( UTC+09:00) is said to be MSK+6 in Russia. History Until the October Revolution, the official time in Moscow corresponded to GMT+02:30:17 (according to the longitude of the Astronomical Observatory of Moscow State U ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saratov Aviation Plant
The Saratov Aviation Plant (Saratovskiy Aviatsionnyy Zavod, SAZ, Саратовский Авиационный Завод, САЗ) was a Russian/Soviet aircraft production facility, located in Saratov, Russia. Aviation Plant №292 of MAP (Ministry of Aviation Industry of the USSR), former plant of combine harvesters, aircraft production since 1925, converted to "aviation" in 1937. The plant had 15,000 employees in 1992.Saratov Aviation Plant ''fas.org'', accessed 27 December 2018 The company was declared bankrupt in February 2011. History In 1929 the V Congress of Soviets of the Soviet Union decided to build a factory for the production ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
