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1952 Iranian Legislative Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Iran in 1952 to elect the 17th Iranian Majlis. Conduct The elections were held by Government of Mosaddegh, who championed free elections and tried to minimize fraud by changing several governor-generals and governors. He also ordered members of the electoral supervisory councils to be selected by lot. However, the government was unable to control the shah, '' Artesh'', the notables, and some of its own supporters. The voting process was stopped by Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh after enough MPs were elected to form a parliamentary quorum (79 out of 136). The decision is viewed as manipulation, because Mosaddegh meant to prevent opposition candidates taking seats from rural areas. Richard Cottam describes the elections as "relatively free". Results The highly organized Tudeh Party failed to win a single seat, despite receiving the second-highest number of votes. In Tehran, the turnout was double that of previous election and the Nat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parliament Of Iran
The Islamic Consultative Assembly (), also called the Iranian Parliament, the Iranian Majles (Arabicised spelling Majlis) or ICA, is the unicameral national legislative body of Iran. The parliament currently consists of 290 representatives, an increase from the previous 270 seats since the 2000 Iranian legislative election, 18 February 2000 election. History Islamic Republic of Iran Following the Iranian Revolution of 1979, the Senate of Iran was abolished and effectively succeeded by the Guardian Council, maintaining the bicameral structure of the Iranian legislature. In the 1989 constitutional revision, the ''National Consultative Assembly'' was renamed the ''Islamic Consultative Assembly''. Since the Iranian Revolution, the Parliament of Iran has been led by six chairmen. Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani served as the inaugural chairman from 1980 to 1989. Subsequently, Mehdi Karroubi held the position in two separate terms (1989–1992 and 2000–2004), followed by Ali Akbar Nategh- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard Cottam
Richard W. Cottam (1924–1997) was an American political scientist, Iranist and a Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) operative in Iran. Cottam was a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, informally known as the LDS Church or Mormon Church, is a Nontrinitarianism, nontrinitarian Restorationism, restorationist Christianity, Christian Christian denomination, denomination and the ... and served a mission for the Church. He was in the United States Navy during World War II. References * * * 1924 births 1997 deaths Latter Day Saints from Utah People from Provo, Utah People of the Central Intelligence Agency CIA operatives in Iran American Iranologists University of Utah alumni Harvard University alumni University of Pittsburgh faculty United States Navy personnel of World War II Deaths from cancer in Pennsylvania 20th-century American political scientists {{Espionage-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Consultative Assembly Elections
National may refer to: Common uses * Nation or country ** Nationality – a ''national'' is a person who is subject to a nation, regardless of whether the person has full rights as a citizen Places in the United States * National, Maryland, census-designated place * National, Nevada, ghost town * National, Utah, ghost town * National, West Virginia, unincorporated community Commerce * National (brand), a brand name of electronic goods from Panasonic * National Benzole (or simply known as National), former petrol station chain in the UK, merged with BP * National Book Store, a bookstore and office supplies chain in the Philippines * National Car Rental, an American rental car company * National Energy Systems, a former name of Eco Marine Power * National Entertainment Commission, a former name of the Media Rating Council * National Motor Vehicle Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA 1900–1924 * National Radio Company, Malden, Massachusetts, USA 1914–1991 * National Supermarket ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1952 In Iran
Year 195 ( CXCV) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known in Rome as the Year of the Consulship of Scrapula and Clemens (or, less frequently, year 948 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 195 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * Emperor Septimius Severus has the Roman Senate deify the previous emperor Commodus, in an attempt to gain favor with the family of Marcus Aurelius. * King Vologases V and other eastern princes support the claims of Pescennius Niger. The Roman province of Mesopotamia rises in revolt with Parthian support. Severus marches to Mesopotamia to battle the Parthians. * The Roman province of Syria is divided and the role of Antioch is diminished. The Romans annex the Syrian cities of Edessa and Nisibis. Severus re-establishes his headquarters and the colonies the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Intelligence Agency
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA; ) is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States tasked with advancing national security through collecting and analyzing intelligence from around the world and conducting covert operations. The agency is headquartered in the George Bush Center for Intelligence in Langley, Virginia, and is sometimes metonymously called "Langley". A major member of the United States Intelligence Community (IC), the CIA has reported to the director of national intelligence since 2004, and is focused on providing intelligence for the president and the Cabinet. The CIA is headed by a director and is divided into various directorates, including a Directorate of Analysis and Directorate of Operations. Unlike the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the CIA has no law enforcement function and focuses on intelligence gathering overseas, with only limited domestic intelligence collection. The CIA is responsibl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democracy Now!
''Democracy Now!'' is an hour-long TV, radio, and Internet news program based in Manhattan and hosted by journalists Amy Goodman (who also acts as the show's executive producer), Juan González, and Nermeen Shaikh. The show, which airs live each weekday at 8 a.m. Eastern Time, is broadcast on the Internet and via more than 1,400 radio and television stations worldwide. The program combines news reporting, interviews, investigative journalism and political commentary from a progressive perspective. It documents social movements, struggles for justice, activism challenging corporate power and operates as a watchdog outfit regarding the effects of American foreign policy. ''Democracy Now!'' views as its aim to give activists and the citizenry a platform to debate people from "the establishment". The show is described as progressive by fans as well as critics, but Goodman rejects that label, calling the program a global newscast that has "people speaking for themselves". ''Demo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ervand Abrahamian
Ervand Abrahamian (; ; born 1940) is an Iranian-American historian of the Middle East. He is Distinguished Professor of History at Baruch College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York. Early life Ervand Vahan Abrahamian was born in 1940 in Tehran to Armenian parents. He attended three grades at the Mehr School in Tehran and was later sent off to Rugby School (1954-59), a prestigious boarding school in England. He received his B.A. in modern history from St John's College, Oxford, in 1963. During this period, he studied with Keith Thomas and mainly focused on European history. He later moved to New York City, where he studied at Columbia University and received his first M.A. in 1966. He received a second M.A. from Oxford in 1968. Abrahamian then earned a Ph.D. from Columbia in 1969. His thesis was titled "Social Bases of Iranian Politics: The Tudeh Party, 1941-53." He has stated that his "understanding of Iran as... most shaped ythe oil crisis of 1951 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hassan Emami
Sayyid Hassan Emami (; 1903–1981) was an Iranian Shia cleric and royalist politician. He worked as a judge in the Ministry of Justice and taught law at the University of Tehran. He was regarded as a member of the Mohammad Reza Shah's inner circle, and had close ties to ''bazaari'' and traditional classes, as well as Masonic lodges. He supported Reza Shah's secular reforms, despite his family's history of religious conservatism. Emami is described an Anglophile politician and staunchly hostile to Mohammad Mossadegh and his policies. He discarded his religious attire after he returned from Switzerland, where he studied continental law, but resumed wearing it when he was appointed as Tehran's Friday prayer imam in 1947. In 1952 Iranian legislative election, Emami stood as a candidate from Kurdish and Sunni city of Mahabad, where he had never been. He was elected with the interference by '' Artesh'', thus Mohammad Mossadegh asked the parliament to reject his credentials but he w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Denise Natali
Denise Natali is an American political scientist who was Assistant Secretary of State for Conflict and Stabilization Operations from 2018 to 2020. She is currently director of the Institute for National Strategic Studies (INSS) of the National Defense University, and is specialized in the Middle East, Iraq, the Kurdish issue, and post-conflict stabilization. She has been noted for her staunch criticism of the Kurdish Regional Government and its relations to the United States. Early life and education Natali first received her bachelor's degree at the Franklin & Marshall College in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, where she studied government. She then moved on to receive a master's degree in international affairs at the Columbia University's School of International and Public Affairs in New York City and would eventually receive her PhD in political science from the University of Pennsylvania. She has furthermore studied at l'Institut national des langues et civilisations orientales ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democratic Party Of Iranian Kurdistan
The Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan (PDKI; , HDKA; ), also known as the Kurdish Democratic Party of Iran (KDPI), is an armed leftist separatist movement of Kurds, exiled in northern Iraq with branch offices in Europe. It is banned in Iran and thus not able to operate openly. The group calls for either separatism in Iran or a federal system. Since 1979, KDPI has waged a persistent guerrilla war against Iran. This included the 1979–1989 Kurdish insurgency, its 1989–1996 insurgency and recent clashes in 2016. Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps officials have called the party a terrorist organization. Hyeran Jo of Texas A&M University classifies KDPI as "compliant rebels", i.e. rebels that kill fewer than 100 and refrain from killing for more than half of their operating years. According to Jo, in order to gain domestic and international legitimacy, the KDPI denounces violence against civilians, claiming commitment to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Gen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahabad (electoral District)
Mahabad is the 7th electoral district in the West Azerbaijan Province of Iran. It has a population of 215,529 and elects 1 member of parliament. 1980 MP in 1980 from the electorate of Mahabad. (1st) * No MP 1984 MP in 1984 from the electorate of Mahabad. (2nd) * Ahad Anjiri 1988 MP in 1988 from the electorate of Mahabad. (3rd) * Mohammad Hosseini 1992 MP in 1992 from the electorate of Mahabad. (4th) * Abdolrahin Nurbakhsh 1996 MP in 1996 from the electorate of Mahabad. (5th) * Abdolrahin Nurbakhsh 2000 MP in 2000 from the electorate of Mahabad. (6th) * Rahman Behmanesh 2004 MP in 2004 from the electorate of Mahabad. (7th) * Jafar Aeinparast 2008 MP in 2008 from the electorate of Mahabad. (8th) * Jalal Mahmudzadeh 2012 MP in 2012 2012 was designated as: *International Year of Cooperatives *International Year of Sustainable Energy for All Events January *January 4 – The Cicada 3301 internet hunt begins. * January 12 – Peaceful protests begin in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
