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1944 In Literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1944. Events *February 6 – The première of Jean Anouilh's tragedy ''Antigone (Anouilh play), Antigone'' takes place at the Théâtre de l'Atelier in Military Administration in France (Nazi Germany), Nazi-occupied Paris. *March 19 – The première of Pablo Picasso's play ''Desire Caught by the Tail (Le Désir attrapé par la queue)'' is a private reading in Paris by the author that includes Simone de Beauvoir, Jean-Paul Sartre, Valentine Hugo and Raymond Queneau directed by Albert Camus. *May – The première of Jean-Paul Sartre's Existentialism, existentialist drama ''No Exit, Huis Clos'' is held at the Théâtre du Vieux-Colombier in Nazi-occupied Paris. *June 1 and June 5, 5 – The first and (modified) second lines respectively of Paul Verlaine's 1866 in literature, 1866 poem ''Chanson d'automne'' ("Les sanglots longs des violons de l'automne / Bercent mon cœur d'une langueur monotone") are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Théâtre Du Vieux-Colombier
The Théâtre du Vieux-Colombier is a theatre located at 21, rue du Vieux-Colombier, in the 6th arrondissement of Paris. It was founded in 1913 by the theatre producer and playwright Jacques Copeau. Today it is one of the three theatres in Paris used by the Comédie-Française. In May 1944 it saw the première of Jean-Paul Sartre's Existentialism, existentialist drama ''No Exit, Huis Clos''. References ;Sources * Marie-Françoise Christout, Noëlle Guibert, Danièle Pauly, ''Théâtre du Vieux Colombier, 1913-1993'', Éditions Norma, Paris, 1993 External links Théâtre du Vieux-Colombier official site. Theatres in Paris, Vieux-Colombier, Theatre du Buildings and structures in the 6th arrondissement of Paris {{France-theat-struct-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Landing Craft Tank (Rocket)
The Landing Craft Tank (Rocket) or LCT(R) was developed from the British Mk.2 and Mk.3 Landing Craft Tank (LCT) during the Second World War. It was designed to saturate beaches with either 972 or 1,044 rockets prior to the landing of troops. Used by both British and U.S. forces, the craft saw service in the Normandy landings, the Mediterranean and the Far East. Design The front loading door was welded shut and an additional deck installed above the tank storage bay to provide a mounting for the rocket launching racks. The resulting storage space below the deck (formerly the tank deck) was informally subdivided with canvas sheets to provide additional crew space. These were later updated with wooden partitions. The craft was also fitted with a Type 970 radar set whose primary use was for rangefinding, but was also successfully used for navigation. Generally propulsion was provided by Paxman diesel engines, however, others were used due to availability. Some U.S. craft were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Golding
Sir William Gerald Golding (19 September 1911 – 19 June 1993) was a British novelist, playwright, and poet. Best known for his debut novel '' Lord of the Flies'' (1954), Golding published another 12 volumes of fiction in his lifetime. In 1980, Golding was awarded the Booker Prize for '' Rites of Passage'', the first novel in what became his sea trilogy, '' To the Ends of the Earth''. He was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Literature. As a result of his contributions to literature, Golding was knighted in 1988. The house was known as ''Karenza'', the Cornish word for love, and he spent many childhood holidays there. The Golding family lived at 29, The Green, Marlborough, Wiltshire, Golding and his elder brother Joseph attending the school at which their father taught. Golding's mother was a campaigner for female suffrage; she was Cornish and was considered by her son "a superstitious Celt", who used to tell him old Cornish ghost stories from her own childhood. In 1930, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Keith Douglas
Keith Castellain Douglas (24 January 1920 – 9 June 1944) was an English poet and soldier noted for his war poetry during the Second World War and his wry memoir of the Western Desert campaign, '' Alamein to Zem Zem''. He was killed in action during the invasion of Normandy. Poetry Douglas described his poetic style as "extrospective"; that is, he focused on external impressions rather than inner emotions or feelings. The result is a poetry which, according to his detractors, can be cold, even callous, in the midst of war's atrocities. For others, Douglas's work is powerful and unsettling because its exact descriptions eschew egotism and shift the burden of emotion from the poet to the reader. His best poetry is generally considered to rank alongside the 20th century's finest soldier-poetry. In his poem, "Desert Flowers" (1943), Douglas mentions World War I poet Isaac Rosenberg, claiming that he is only repeating what Rosenberg has already written. Early life Douglas was bo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Invasion Of Normandy
Operation Overlord was the codename for the Battle of Normandy, the Allied operation that launched the successful liberation of German-occupied Western Europe during World War II. The operation was launched on 6 June 1944 ( D-Day) with the Normandy landings (Operation Neptune). A 1,200-plane airborne assault preceded an amphibious assault involving more than 5,000 vessels. Nearly 160,000 troops crossed the English Channel on 6 June, and more than two million Allied troops were in France by the end of August. The decision to undertake cross-channel landings in 1944 was made at the Trident Conference in Washington in May 1943. American General Dwight D. Eisenhower was appointed commander of Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force, and British General Bernard Montgomery was named commander of the 21st Army Group, which comprised all the land forces involved in the operation. The Normandy coast in northwestern France was chosen as the site of the landings, with the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
D-Day Landings
The Normandy landings were the landing operations and associated airborne operations on 6 June 1944 of the Allied invasion of Normandy in Operation Overlord during the Second World War. Codenamed Operation Neptune and often referred to as D-Day (after the military term), it is the largest seaborne invasion in history. The operation began the liberation of France, and the rest of Western Europe, and laid the foundations of the Allied victory on the Western Front. Planning for the operation began in 1943. In the months leading up to the invasion, the Allies conducted a substantial military deception, codenamed Operation Bodyguard, to mislead the Germans as to the date and location of the main Allied landings. The weather on the day selected for D-Day was not ideal, and the operation had to be delayed 24 hours; a further postponement would have meant a delay of at least two weeks, as the planners had requirements for the phase of the moon, the tides, and time of day, that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Resistance
The French Resistance ( ) was a collection of groups that fought the German military administration in occupied France during World War II, Nazi occupation and the Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy#France, collaborationist Vichy France, Vichy regime in France during the World War II, Second World War. Resistance Clandestine cell system, cells were small groups of armed men and women (called the Maquis (World War II), Maquis in rural areas) who conducted guerrilla warfare and published Underground press, underground newspapers. They also provided first-hand intelligence information, and escape networks that helped Allies of World War II, Allied soldiers and airmen trapped behind Axis powers, Axis lines. The Resistance's men and women came from many parts of French society, including émigrés, academics, students, aristocrats, conservative Catholic Church in France, Roman Catholics (including clergy), Protestantism in France, Protestants, History of the Jews in F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radio Londres
''Radio Londres'' (, French for "Radio London") was a radio station broadcast from 1940 to 1944 by the BBC in London to Nazi-occupied France. It was entirely in French and was operated by the Free French who had escaped from occupied France. It served not only to counter the propaganda broadcasts of German-controlled ''Radio Paris'' and the Vichy government's '' Radiodiffusion Nationale'', but also to appeal to the French to rise up, as well as being used to send coded messages to the French Resistance. Origin and purpose In 1940, the BBC opened its studio to the first members of the resistance who fled France's occupation by Germany. Radio Londres was born and would become the daily appointment of the French people for four years. It opened its transmission with : "''Ici Londres ! Les Français parlent aux Français...''" ("This is London! The French speak to the French..."), now a very famous quote in France. It was the voice of Free French Forces under Charles de Gaulle, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allies Of World War II
The Allies, formally referred to as the United Nations from 1942, were an international Coalition#Military, military coalition formed during World War II (1939–1945) to oppose the Axis powers. Its principal members were the "Four Policemen, Big Four" – the United Kingdom, United States, Soviet Union, and Republic of China (1912–1949), China. Membership in the Allies varied during the course of the war. When the conflict broke out on 1 September 1939, the Allied coalition consisted of the United Kingdom, French Third Republic, France, and Second Polish Republic, Poland, as well as their respective Dependent territory, dependencies, such as British Raj, British India. They were joined by the independent dominions of the British Commonwealth: Canada, Australia, Dominion of New Zealand, New Zealand and Union of South Africa, South Africa. Consequently, the initial alliance resembled Allies of World War I, that of the First World War. As Axis forces began German invasion of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chanson D'automne
"Chanson d'automne" ("Autumn Song") is a poem by Paul Verlaine (1844–1896), one of the best known in the French language. It is included in Verlaine's first collection, ''Poèmes saturniens'', published in 1866 (see 1866 in poetry). The poem forms part of the "Paysages tristes" ("Sad landscapes") section of the collection. In World War II lines from the poem were used to send messages from Special Operations Executive (SOE) to the French Resistance about the timing of the forthcoming Operation Overlord, Invasion of Normandy. Content Critical analysis The poem uses several stylistic devices and is in many ways typical of Verlaine, in that it employs sound techniques such as Literary consonance, consonance (the repetition of "n" and "r" sounds) that also creates an Onomatopoeia, onomatopoeic effect, sounding both monotonous and like a violin. In the second verse, the stop consonant and pause after the word ''suffocant'' reflect the meaning of the word. At the age of 22, Ve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1866 In Literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1866. Events *January – Fyodor Dostoyevsky's novel ''Crime and Punishment'' («Преступлéние и наказáние», ''Prestupleniye i nakazaniye'') is serialized through the year in the monthly literary magazine '' Russkiy Vestnik'' («Русскій Вѣстникъ», ''The Russian Messenger''). His novella '' The Gambler'' («Игрок», ''Igrok'') is dictated to his future wife to meet a publisher deadline of November 1. *July – Anthony Trollope's novel ''Nina Balatka: The Story of a Maiden of Prague'' is initially published anonymously (serialisation in ''Blackwood's Magazine'' July 1866–January 1867). Trollope is interested in discovering whether his books sell on their own merits or as a consequence of the author's name and reputation. *September 8 – London publisher Samuel Orchart Beeton is obliged by the financial panic of 1866 to settle all his debts by selling his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
