|
1938 In Romania
Events from the year 1938 in Romania. A self-coup and subsequent new constitution make Carol II a royal dictator. Incumbents *King: Carol II. *Prime Minister: ** Octavian Goga (until 10 February) ** Miron Cristea (from 11 February) Events * 10 February – Carol II stages a self-coup, deposes Octavian Goga as Prime Minister and cancels the elections planned for March in an attempt to create a royal authoritarian dictatorship. * 24 February – A constitutional referendum is held, which by 4,289,581 votes to 5,843 grants Carol II the dictatorial powers he sought in his self-coup. Voting is open and compulsory, and there are allegations of coercion. * 27 February – The 1938 constitution is ratified by Parliament, codifying the earlier coup and referendum. * 30 March – The right-wing National Christian Party and Romanian Front are dissolved. * 16 April – Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, the leader of the Iron Guard, along with other members of the party, is arrested. He is sentenc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1938 Constitution Of Romania
The 1938 Constitution of Romania was the fundamental law of Romania from the time of its adoption until 1940. It formed the legal basis for the royal dictatorship of King Carol II. It replaced the 1923 Constitution. History King Carol engineered a self-coup on 10 February 1938 and seized emergency powers. Soon afterward university professor Istrate Micescu began working on a new constitution, based on suggestions from the King. Micescu's draft was made public on 20 February. Four days later, voters were obliged to appear before their local election bureaus and vote verbally (“yes” or “no”) on the charter. Of 4,303,064 who voted, 4,297,581 (99.87%) approved with only 5,483 (0.13%) voting against; silence was deemed to be approval.Rumänien, 24. Februar 1938: Verfassung Direct Democracy. The constitu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ținutul Jiu
Ținutul Jiu (or Ținutul Olt) was one of the ten Romanian ''ținuturi'' ("lands") founded in 1938, after King Carol II initiated an institutional reform by modifying the 1923 Constitution and the law of territorial administration. Roughly corresponding to the historical region of Oltenia and named after the Jiu River and the Olt River, it had its capital in the city of Craiova. ''Ținutul Jiu'' ceased to exist following the territorial losses of Romania to the Axis powers and the king's abdication in 1940. Coat of arms The coat of arms consists of six bars, three of gules and three of or, representing the former seven counties (''județe'') of Greater Romania (71 in total) which it had included. Over the bars there is an or lion rampant langued and armed sable, facing dexter (the symbol of Oltenia). Former counties incorporated After the 1938 Administrative and Constitutional Reform, the older 71 counties lost their authority. *Dolj County *Gorj County *Mehedinți County *Ol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lia Vanea
Lia Vanea (born 3 October 1938) is a Romanian volleyball player. She competed in the women's tournament at the 1964 Summer Olympics The , officially the and commonly known as Tokyo 1964 ( ja, 東京1964), were an international multi-sport event held from 10 to 24 October 1964 in Tokyo, Japan. Tokyo had been awarded the organization of the 1940 Summer Olympics, but this ho .... References 1938 births Living people Romanian women's volleyball players Olympic volleyball players for Romania Volleyball players at the 1964 Summer Olympics Sportspeople from Cluj-Napoca {{Romania-volleyball-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Physical Chemistry
Physical chemistry is the study of macroscopic and microscopic phenomena in chemical systems in terms of the principles, practices, and concepts of physics such as motion, energy, force, time, thermodynamics, quantum chemistry, statistical mechanics, analytical dynamics and chemical equilibria. Physical chemistry, in contrast to chemical physics, is predominantly (but not always) a supra-molecular science, as the majority of the principles on which it was founded relate to the bulk rather than the molecular or atomic structure alone (for example, chemical equilibrium and colloids). Some of the relationships that physical chemistry strives to resolve include the effects of: # Intermolecular forces that act upon the physical properties of materials ( plasticity, tensile strength, surface tension in liquids). # Reaction kinetics on the rate of a reaction. # The identity of ions and the electrical conductivity of materials. # Surface science and electrochemistry of cel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maria Zaharescu
Maria-Magdalena Zaharescu (born 1938) is a Romanian chemist, specializing in the physical chemistry of oxide systems. Dr. Zaharescu was a Senior Researcher and Head of Department at the “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Romanian Academy in Bucharest. In 2001, she was elected a corresponding member of the Romanian Academy and became a full member in June 2015. On December 1, 2017, she was awarded a Knight of the Order of the Star of Romania. She was one of the 100 women scientists featured in "Successful Women Ceramic and Glass Scientists and Engineers: 100 Inspirational Profiles" by Lynnette Madsen (2016). Scientific Interests Her scientific interests include: * Physical chemistry of oxide systems (reactions mechanisms, thermal phase equilibria, structure-properties correlations). * Sol-gel science (sol-gel chemistry, nanostructured oxide films and powders, inorganic-organic hybrids, nanocomposites, oxide nanotubes). She introduced and develo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nature Reserve
A nature reserve (also known as a wildlife refuge, wildlife sanctuary, biosphere reserve or bioreserve, natural or nature preserve, or nature conservation area) is a protected area of importance for flora, fauna, or features of geological or other special interest, which is reserved and managed for purposes of conservation and to provide special opportunities for study or research. They may be designated by government institutions in some countries, or by private landowners, such as charities and research institutions. Nature reserves fall into different IUCN categories depending on the level of protection afforded by local laws. Normally it is more strictly protected than a nature park. Various jurisdictions may use other terminology, such as ecological protection area or private protected area in legislation and in official titles of the reserves. History Cultural practices that roughly equate to the establishment and maintenance of reserved areas for animals date b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Letea Forest
Letea Forest is the oldest natural reservation in Romania. It was established in 1938, when the Romanian Council of Ministers passed Decision No. 645 declaring the forest a nature reserve. It is located between the Sulina and Chilia branches of Danube in the Danube Delta. It covers an area of approximately . This forest was the initial foundation of the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve, which has been declared a World Heritage Site. It was internationally recognized as a Biosphere Reserve under UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere Programme in 1992.UNEP-WCMC Protected Areas Programme - Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve Retrieved on 2008-07-23. It has a subtropical aspect, due to the presence of the tropical creeper named '' |
Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 188930 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was dictator of Nazi Germany, Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his death in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the leader of the Nazi Party, becoming the Chancellor of Germany, chancellor in 1933 and then taking the title of in 1934. During his dictatorship, he initiated European theatre of World War II, World War II in Europe by invasion of Poland, invading Poland on 1 September 1939. He was closely involved in military operations throughout the war and was central to the perpetration of the Holocaust: the genocide of Holocaust victims, about six million Jews and millions of other victims. Hitler was born in Braunau am Inn in Austria-Hungary and was raised near Linz. He lived in Vienna later in the first decade of the 1900s and moved to Germany in 1913. He was decorated during his Military career of Adolf Hitler, service in the German Army in Worl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chancellor Of Germany
The chancellor of Germany, officially the federal chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany,; often shortened to ''Bundeskanzler''/''Bundeskanzlerin'', / is the head of the federal government of Germany and the commander in chief of the German Armed Forces during wartime. The chancellor is the chief executive of the Federal Cabinet and heads the executive branch. The chancellor is elected by the Bundestag on the proposal of the federal president and without debate (Article 63 of the German Constitution). The current officeholder is Olaf Scholz of the SPD, who was elected in December 2021, succeeding Angela Merkel. He was elected after the SPD entered into a coalition agreement with Alliance 90/The Greens and the FDP. History of the office The office of Chancellor has a long history, stemming back to the Holy Roman Empire, when the office of German archchancellor was usually held by archbishops of Mainz. The title was, at times, used in several states of German ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ținutul Timiș
Ținutul Timiș was one of the ten Romanian ''ținuturi'' ("lands"), founded in 1938 after King Carol II initiated an institutional reform by modifying the 1923 Constitution and the law of territorial administration. It comprised the Romanian Banat and parts of Transylvania, and was named after the Timiș River; its capital was the city of Timișoara. ''Ținutul Timiș'' ceased to exist following the territorial losses of Romania to the Axis powers and the king's abdication in 1940. Coat of arms The coat of arms consists of five bars, three of gules and two of azure, representing the former five counties (''județe'') of Greater Romania (of the total 71) that were included in the ''ținut''. Over the bars is a sable raven facing dexter, holding in its beak a sable ring, recalling a legend regarding John Hunyadi's son and his mother's ring (events linked to the city of Hunedoara). Former counties incorporated After the 1938 ''Administrative and Constitutional Reform'', the older ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ținutul Suceava
Ținutul Suceava was one of the ten Romanian administrative regions (''ținuturi'') created on August 14, 1938, as a part of King Carol II's administrative reform. From August 14, 1938, to June 28, 1940, it included the whole of Bukovina, a county of Bessarabia ( Hotin) and a county of Moldavia ( Dorohoi). It was named after the river Suceava. Its administrative capital was the city of Cernăuți. After its northern part (the counties Cernăuți, Storojineț and Hotin, as well as parts of the counties Rădăuți and Dorohoi) was ceded to the USSR on June 28, 1940, ''Ținutul Suceava'' was restructured on September 16, 1940, when Baia county became a part of the region, and abolished only a few days latter, on September 22, 1940. ''Ținutul Suceava'' had two governors: Gheorghe Alexianu (August 14, 1938 – February 1, 1939) and Gheorghe Flondor (February 1, 1939 – September 22, 1940). Alexianu's mandate was marked by the suppression of ethnic minority and Jewish rights. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ținutul Prut
Ținutul Prut was one of the ten Romanian ''ținuturi'' ("lands"), founded in 1938 after King Carol II initiated an institutional reform by modifying the 1923 Constitution and the law of territorial administration. It comprised parts of central Moldavia (and central Bessarabia), and was named after the Prut River; its capital was the city of Iași. ''Ținutul Prut'' ceased to exist following the territorial losses of Romania to the Soviet Union and the king's abdication in 1940. Coat of arms The coat of arms is party per cross in nine equal squares, representing the former nine counties (''județe'') of Greater Romania (71 in total) which it included. The four of the squares forming the arms of the cross are of argent; all other squares are gules. The four argent squares bear a sable aurochs head (the symbol of Moldavia - ''see Flag and coat of arms of Moldavia''). Former counties incorporated After the 1938 Administrative and Constitutional Reform, the older 71 counties lost t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
