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1882 In Paleontology
Diapsids Newly named choristoderes Newly named ichthyosaurs Newly named dinosaurs Synapsids Non-mammalian Paleontologists * The fossil collection of the recently deceased Reverend William Fox, which contained over 500 specimens, was bought by the trustees of the British Museum of Natural History The Natural History Museum in London is a museum that exhibits a vast range of specimens from various segments of natural history. It is one of three major museums on Exhibition Road in South Kensington, the others being the Science Museum (Lo .... References {{Reflist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iguanodont
Ornithopoda () is a clade of ornithischian dinosaurs, called ornithopods (). They represent one of the most successful groups of herbivore, herbivorous dinosaurs during the Cretaceous. The most primitive members of the group were bipedal and relatively small-sized, while advanced members of the subgroup Iguanodontia became quadrupedal and developed large body size. Their major evolutionary advantage was the progressive development of a chewing apparatus that became the most sophisticated ever developed by a non-avian dinosaur, rivaling that of modern mammals such as the domestic cow. They reached their apex of diversity and ecological dominance in the Hadrosauridae, hadrosaurids (colloquially known as 'duck-bills'), before they were wiped out by the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event along with all other non-aves, avian dinosaurs. Members are known worldwide. History of research In 1870, Thomas Henry Huxley listed Iguanodontidae (coined by Edward Drinker Cope a year earlier) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Fox (palaeontologist)
William Fox (9 August 1813 – 1881) was an English clergyman and palaeontologist who worked on the Isle of Wight and made some significant discoveries of dinosaur fossils. The Reverend William Fox was born in Cumberland on 9 August 1813. He moved to the Isle of Wight in 1862 to take up the post of curate at the Parish church of St Mary the Virgin in Brixton (now known as Brighstone). He resigned his post in 1867 but continued to live in the area to carry on his collecting. In 1875, he became curate of nearby Kingston, near Shorwell.p15 The Complete Dinosaur by James Orville Farlow, M. K. Brett-Surman Although lacking formal scientific training Fox was remarkably astute and discussed his findings with eminent palaeontologists of the day including John Hulke (1830-1895) and Sir Richard Owen (1804-1892). Fox had easy access to Brighstone Bay from his home, Myrtle Cottage in Brighstone, and so spent many an hour collecting fossils, much to the detriment of his pastoral work; in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1881 In Paleontology
Molluscs Bivalves Dinosaurs Newly named dinosaurs Pterosaurs New taxa Synapsids Non-mammalian Paleontologists * Death of the Reverend William Fox a significant early collector of dinosaur fossils from the Isle of Wight.{{cite book, last = Farlow, first = James O., author2= M. K. Brett-Surmann, title = The Complete Dinosaur, publisher = Indiana University Press, year = 1999, location = Bloomington, Indiana, pages = 15, isbn = 0-253-21313-4 References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edaphosaurus NT Small
''Edaphosaurus'' (, meaning "pavement lizard" for dense clusters of its teeth) is a genus of extinct edaphosaurid synapsids that lived in what is now North America and Europe around 303.4 to 272.5 million years ago, during the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian. The American paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope first described ''Edaphosaurus'' in 1882, naming it for the "dental pavement" on both the upper and lower jaws, from the Greek ' ("ground"; also "pavement") and (') ("lizard"). ''Edaphosaurus'' is important as one of the earliest-known, large, plant-eating (herbivorous), amniote tetrapods (four-legged land-living vertebrates). In addition to the large tooth plates in its jaws, the most characteristic feature of ''Edaphosaurus'' is a sail on its back. A number of other synapsids from the same time period also have tall dorsal sails, most famously the large apex predator ''Dimetrodon''. However, the sail on ''Edaphosaurus'' is different in shape and morphology. The first f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Synapsid
Synapsida is a diverse group of tetrapod vertebrates that includes all mammals and their extinct relatives. It is one of the two major clades of the group Amniota, the other being the more diverse group Sauropsida (which includes all extant reptiles and therefore, birds). Unlike other amniotes, synapsids have a single temporal fenestra, an opening low in the skull roof behind each eye socket, leaving a zygomatic arch, bony arch beneath each; this accounts for the name "synapsid". The distinctive temporal fenestra developed about 318 million years ago during the Late Carboniferous period, when synapsids and sauropsids diverged, but was subsequently merged with the orbit in early mammals. The basal (phylogenetics), basal amniotes (reptiliomorphs) from which synapsids evolved were historically simply called "reptiles". Therefore, stem group synapsids were then described as mammal-like reptiles in classical systematics, and non-therapsid synapsids were also referred to as pelyco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
19xx In Paleontology
''19XX: The War Against Destiny'' is a vertically scrolling shooter video game developed and published by Capcom for arcades. The story takes place before a fictional 20th-century war as a lone pilot tries to defeat an entire army and evil organization from starting another World War, which soon escalates to a nuclear apocalypse. This game is the fourth in a series of World War II vertical shooters published by Capcom, and is the last game in the series to be developed directly by Capcom. The first game in the series, ''1942'', is on the Capcom Z80 platform, while the next two, '' 1943: The Battle of Midway'', and '' 1941: Counter Attack'' run on the Capcom Commando and CPS-1 hardware respectively. These were released from 1984 to 1990. The CPS-2 platform allows 19XX to have an art style different from that of previous games. It is followed by '' 1944: The Loop Master'' in 2000. Gameplay The player selects one of three different planes, each with different ratings in speed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edaphosaurus
''Edaphosaurus'' (, meaning "pavement lizard" for dense clusters of its teeth) is a genus of extinct edaphosaurid synapsids that lived in what is now North America and Europe around 303.4 to 272.5 million years ago, during the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian. The American paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope first described ''Edaphosaurus'' in 1882, naming it for the "dental pavement" on both the upper and lower jaws, from the Greek ' ("ground"; also "pavement") and (') ("lizard"). ''Edaphosaurus'' is important as one of the earliest-known, large, plant-eating ( herbivorous), amniote tetrapods (four-legged land-living vertebrates). In addition to the large tooth plates in its jaws, the most characteristic feature of ''Edaphosaurus'' is a sail on its back. A number of other synapsids from the same time period also have tall dorsal sails, most famously the large apex predator ''Dimetrodon''. However, the sail on ''Edaphosaurus'' is different in shape and morphology. The firs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thecospondylus
''Thecospondylus'' (THEEK-o-SPON-di-lus, "sheath vertebra") is a dubious genus of dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of England. Scientists are unsure as to whether ''Thecospondylus'' was a saurischian or an ornithischian. History Dr. A.C. Horner, an amateur geologist living at Tonbridge, in the nineteenth century acquired a fossil found in the quarry of Southborough. He sent it to paleontologist Harry Govier Seeley who in 1882 described and named it as the type species ''Thecospondylus horneri''. The genus name is derived from Greek ''theke'' meaning 'sheath' and ''spondylos'' meaning 'vertebra', a reference to the "extremely thin" bone forming the vertebrae. The specific name honours Horner. The holotype, BMNH R.291, was found in a layer of the Hastings Sand, sandstone dating from the Valanginian - Hauterivian. It consist of an elongated natural internal cast or endocast of the neural canal of the sacrum, about sixty centimetres long. It shows the divisions of at least five ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harry Govier Seeley
Harry Govier Seeley (18 February 1839 – 8 January 1909) was a British paleontologist. Early life Seeley was born in London on 18 February 1839, the second son of Richard Hovill Seeley, a goldsmith, and his second wife Mary Govier. When his father was declared bankrupt, Seeley was sent to live with a family of piano makers. Between the ages of eleven and fourteen, he went to a day school and then spent the next two years learning to make pianos. He also attended lectures at the Royal School of Mines by Thomas Henry Huxley, Edward Forbes, and other notable scientists. In 1855, with the support of his uncle, Seeley began to study law but shortly gave it up to pursue a career as an actuary. In the late 1850s, he studied English and mathematics at the Working Men's College and served as a secretary for the college's museum. He also worked in the library of the British Museum, where Samuel Pickworth Woodward encouraged him to study geology. In 1859, Seeley began studies at Sidney ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Actiosaurus
''Actiosaurus'' (meaning "coast lizard") is an extinct genus of reptile first described by Henri Sauvage in 1883 from Antully bonebed, Autun (Triassic of France). The type species is ''A. gaudryi'' (commonly misspelled ''A. gaudrii'' after Boulenger). Little is known of it, and it is considered a ''nomen dubium''. ''Actiosaurus'' was originally described as a dinosaur in 1883 and was reinterpreted as an ichthyosaur in 1908. ''Actiosaurus'' may instead represent the remains of a choristodere. Fischer ''et al.'' (2014) considered ''A. gaudryi'' to be a ''species inquirenda'', and noted the similarity of its bones to the limb bones of choristoderes. See also *'' Rachitrema'' * List of ichthyosaurs * Timeline of ichthyosaur research This timeline of ichthyosaur research is a chronological listing of events in the History of paleontology, history of paleontology focused on the ichthyosauromorphs, a group of secondarily aquatic marine reptiles whose later members superficially ... ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sphenospondylus
''Mantellisaurus'' is a genus of iguanodontian dinosaur that lived in the Barremian and early Aptian ages of the Early Cretaceous Period of Europe. Its remains are known from Belgium (Bernissart), England, Spain and Germany. The type and only species is ''M. atherfieldensis''. Formerly known as ''Iguanodon atherfieldensis'', the new genus ''Mantellisaurus'' was erected for the species by Gregory Paul in 2007. According to Paul, ''Mantellisaurus'' was more lightly built than ''Iguanodon'' and more closely related to ''Ouranosaurus'', making ''Iguanodon'' in its traditional sense paraphyletic. It is known from many complete and almost complete skeletons. The genus name honours Gideon Mantell, the discoverer of ''Iguanodon''. History of discovery Discovery and naming of the holotype The holotype fossil, NHMUK PV R5764, was originally discovered by Reginald Walter Hooley in 1914 in the upper Vectis Formation of southern England and reported upon in 1917. He posthumously named it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
