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1881 In Literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1881. Events *February 13 – The first issue of the feminist newspaper ''La Citoyenne'' is published by Hubertine Auclert in France. *March – Ambrose Bierce contributes to the weekly satirical San Francisco magazine '' The Wasp'' (becoming editor by July) and resumes his column "Prattle" and the series of cynical definitions which he first calls ''The Devil's Dictionary''. *April – William Poel's production of Shakespeare's ''Hamlet'' at St. George's Hall, London, reverts to the first quarto text and avoids elaborate scene changes. *April 23 – Gilbert and Sullivan's comic opera ''Patience'', a satire on Oscar Wilde and aestheticism, opens with George Grossmith in the lead at the Opera Comique in London. *July 7 – Carlo Collodi's ''The Adventures of Pinocchio'' (), a children's story about a wooden puppet in Tuscany, begins to be serialized in the first issue of ''Giornale per i bambini'', a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aestheticism
Aestheticism (also known as the aesthetic movement) was an art movement in the late 19th century that valued the appearance of literature, music, fonts and the arts over their functions. According to Aestheticism, art should be produced to be beautiful, rather than to teach a lesson, create a parallel, or perform another didactic purpose, a sentiment expressed in the slogan "art for art's sake." Aestheticism flourished in the 1870s and 1880s, gaining prominence and the support of notable writers such as Walter Pater and Oscar Wilde. Aestheticism challenged the values of mainstream Victorian culture, as many Victorians believed that literature and art fulfilled important ethical roles. Writing in ''The Guardian'', Fiona McCarthy states that "the aesthetic movement stood in stark and sometimes shocking contrast to the crass materialism of Britain in the 19th century." Aestheticism was named by the critic Walter Hamilton in ''The Aesthetic Movement in England'' in 1882. By ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
October 1
Events Pre-1600 * 331 BC – Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. * 366 – Pope Damasus I is consecrated. * 959 – Edgar the Peaceful becomes king of all England, in succession to Eadwig. * 965 – Pope John XIII is consecrated. * 1553 – The coronation of Queen Mary I of England is held at Westminster Abbey. * 1588 – The coronation of Shah Abbas I of Persia occurs. 1601–1900 * 1730 – Ahmed III is forced to abdicate as the Ottoman sultan. * 1779 – The city of Tampere, Finland (belonging to Sweden at this time) is founded by King Gustav III of Sweden. * 1787 – Russians under Alexander Suvorov defeat the Turks at Kinburn. * 1791 – First session of the French Legislative Assembly. *1795 – More than a year after the Battle of Sprimont, the Austrian Netherlands (present-day Belgium) are officially annexed by Revolutionary France. * 1800 – Via the Third Tre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Academy Of Sciences
The Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS; ''Rossíyskaya akadémiya naúk'') consists of the national academy of Russia; a network of scientific research institutes from across the Russian Federation; and additional scientific and social units such as libraries, publishing units, and hospitals. Peter the Great established the academy (then the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences) in 1724 with guidance from Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Gottfried Leibniz. From its establishment, the academy benefitted from a slate of foreign scholars as professors; the academy then gained its first clear set of goals from the 1747 Charter. The academy functioned as a university and research center throughout the mid-18th century until the university was dissolved, leaving research as the main pillar of the institution. The rest of the 18th century continuing on through the 19th century consisted of many published academic works from Academy scholars and a few Academy name changes, ending as The Imperial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pushkin Prize
The Pushkin Prize () was a Russian literary award presented to a Russian writer considered to have achieved the highest standard of literary excellence. It was established in 1881 by the Russian Academy of Sciences to honor one of the greatest Russian poets Alexander Pushkin (1799–1837), then discontinued during the Soviet period. It was restored in 1989 by Alfred Toepfer Foundation in Hamburg. In 1995, the State Pushkin Prize was established by Boris Yeltsin's decree, with Vladimir Sokolov being the first laureate. Both lasted till 2005. In 2005 the New Pushkin Prize was established by the Aleksander Zhukov Fund, as well as the Pushkin and Mikhaylovskoye museums.The New Pushkin Prize laureates In 2017 the International Creative Contest "World Pushkin" was established by the Russkiy Mir Foundation and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
August 17
Events Pre-1600 * 310 – Pope Eusebius dies, possibly from a hunger strike, shortly after being banished by the Emperor Maxentius to Sicilia (Roman province), Sicily. * 682 – Pope Leo II begins his pontificate. * 986 – Byzantine–Bulgarian wars: Battle of the Gates of Trajan: The First Bulgarian Empire, Bulgarians under the Cometopuli dynasty, Comitopuli Samuel of Bulgaria, Samuel and Aron (noble), Aron defeat the Byzantine Empire, Byzantine forces at the Gate of Trajan, with Byzantine Emperor Basil II barely escaping. *1186 – Georgenberg Pact: Ottokar IV, Duke of Styria and Leopold V, Duke of Austria sign a heritage agreement in which Ottokar gives his duchy to Leopold and to his son Frederick I, Duke of Austria (Babenberg), Frederick under the stipulation that Austria and Styria would henceforth remain undivided. *1386 – Karl Topia, the ruler of Princedom of Albania forges an alliance with the Republic of Venice, committing to participate in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Law On The Freedom Of The Press Of 29 July 1881
The Law on the Freedom of the Press of 29 July 1881 (), often called the Press Law of 1881 or the Lisbonne Law after its rapporteur, , is a law that defines the freedoms and responsibilities of the media and publishers in France. It provides a legal framework for publications and regulates the display of advertisements on public roads. Although it has been amended several times since its enactment, it remains in force to the present day. It is often regarded as the foundational legal statement on freedom of the press and freedom of speech in France, inspired by Article 11 of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen of 26 August 1789. At the same time, the law imposes legal obligations on publishers and criminalises certain specific behaviours (called "press offences"), particularly concerning defamation. History The Press Law was passed under the French Third Republic in 1881 by the then-dominant Opportunist Republicans who sought to liberalise the press and promote ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
July 29
Events Pre-1600 *587 BC – The Neo-Babylonian Empire sacks Jerusalem and destroys the First Temple. * 615 – Pakal ascends the throne of Palenque at the age of 12. * 904 – Sack of Thessalonica: Saracen raiders under Leo of Tripoli sack Thessaloniki, the Byzantine Empire's second-largest city, after a short siege, and plunder it for a week. * 923 – Battle of Firenzuola: Lombard forces under King Rudolph II and Adalbert I, margrave of Ivrea, defeat the dethroned Emperor Berengar I of Italy at Firenzuola (Tuscany). * 1014 – Byzantine–Bulgarian wars: Battle of Kleidion: Byzantine emperor Basil II inflicts a decisive defeat on the Bulgarian army, and his subsequent treatment of 15,000 prisoners reportedly causes Tsar Samuil of Bulgaria to die of a heart attack less than three months later, on October 6. * 1018 – Count Dirk III defeats an army sent by Emperor Henry II in the Battle of Vlaardingen. * 1030 – Ladejarl- Fairhair suc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giornale Per I Bambini
was an Italian weekly periodical published in the 1880s by Tipografia dei Fratelli Bencini and later Tipografia Bodoniana. It first appeared as an insert in ''Fanfulla della domenica'' in 1881, and established as an independent publication later that year by Ferdinando Martini, who was also the periodical's first editor. The target audience was children between the ages of 6 and 12. The publication was owned by Ernesto Emanuele Oblieght, a Hungarian financier who also owned a number of other children's publications. The first issue was published on 7 July 1881, in which appeared the first installment of the serial novel by Carlo Collodi with the title . Over the next four months, eight more installments were published covering 15 chapters. This was followed by a hiatus of three months, after which the story resumed on 16 February 1882 as ''The Adventures of Pinocchio'' until its completion in January 1883. Subscribers received a gift with the December 1883 issue, an Italian tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tuscany
Tuscany ( ; ) is a Regions of Italy, region in central Italy with an area of about and a population of 3,660,834 inhabitants as of 2025. The capital city is Florence. Tuscany is known for its landscapes, history, artistic legacy, and its influence on high culture. It is regarded as the birthplace of the Italian Renaissance and of the foundations of the Italian language. The prestige established by the Tuscan dialect's use in literature by Dante Alighieri, Petrarch, Giovanni Boccaccio, Niccolò Machiavelli and Francesco Guicciardini led to its subsequent elaboration as the language of culture throughout Italy. It has been home to many figures influential in the history of art and science, and contains well-known museums such as the Uffizi and the Palazzo Pitti. Tuscany is also known for its wines, including Chianti, Vino Nobile di Montepulciano, Morellino di Scansano, Brunello di Montalcino and white Vernaccia di San Gimignano. Having a strong linguistic and cultural identity, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Adventures Of Pinocchio
''The Adventures of Pinocchio'' ( ; , i.e. "The Adventures of Pinocchio. Story of a Puppet"), commonly shortened to ''Pinocchio'', is an 1883 Children's literature, children's fantasy novel by Italian author Carlo Collodi. It is about the mischievous adventures of an animated marionette named Pinocchio. He faces many perils and temptations, meets characters that teach him about life, and learns goodness before he achieves his heart's desire to become a human, real boy. The story was originally published in Serial (literature), serial form as ''The Story of a Puppet'' () in the , one of the earliest Italian weekly magazines for children, starting from 7 July 1881. The story stopped after nearly 4 months and 8 episodes in Chapter 15, but by popular demand from readers, the episodes were resumed on 16 February 1882. In February 1883, the story was published in a single book. Since then, ''Pinocchio'' has been one of the most popular children's books and has been critically acclaimed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carlo Collodi
Carlo Lorenzini (; 24 November 1826 – 26 October 1890), better known by the pen name Carlo Collodi ( ; ), was an Italian author, humourist, and journalist, widely known for his fairy tale novel '' The Adventures of Pinocchio''. Early life Lorenzini was born in Florence on 24 November 1826. His mother Angiolina Orzali Lorenzini was a seamstress from Collodi, the town from which he later took the pen name, and his father Domenico Lorenzini was a cook. Both parents worked for the ' Ginori Lisci. Carlo was the eldest child in the family and he had ten siblings; seven died at a young age. He spent most of his childhood in the town of Collodi where his mother was born. He lived there with his maternal grandmother. After attending primary school, he was sent to study at a theological seminary in Colle Val d'Elsa. An account at the seminary shows that the ' had offered financial aid, but the boy found that he did not want to be a priest so he continued his education at the Coll ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
