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1863 Mexican Emperor Referendum
A referendum on Maximilian becoming Emperor was held in Mexico on 4 December 1863. The proposal was supposedly approved by 100% of voters, with not a single vote cast against. Maximilian subsequently took the throne on 11 April 1864, starting the era of the Second Mexican Empire. Background In 1861 Mexican president Benito Juárez declared a moratorium on the country's debt as it was effectively bankrupt. The country's creditors, Spain, France, and Great Britain decided to take action and formalized plans to militarily intervene in Mexico at the Convention of London on October 31, 1861. The port of Veracruz was occupied, but Spain and Great Britain began to back away as they realized France intended to overthrow the Mexican government in a plot that gained collaboration from Mexican monarchists. On 10 June 1863, French troops, commanded by General Élie Frédéric Forey, captured Mexico City. Forey organized a new Mexican government which resolved to establish a Mexican monarch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maximilian I Of Mexico
Maximilian I (; ; 6 July 1832 – 19 June 1867) was an Austrian Empire, Austrian archduke who became Emperor of Mexico, emperor of the Second Mexican Empire from 10 April 1864 until his execution by the Restored Republic (Mexico), Mexican Republic on 19 June 1867. A member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, Maximilian was the younger brother of Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria. Before becoming Emperor of Mexico, he was commander-in-chief of the small Imperial Austrian Navy and briefly the Austrian viceroy of Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia, Lombardy–Venetia, but was removed by the emperor. Two years before his dismissal, he briefly met with French emperor Napoleon III in Paris, where he was approached by Conservative Party (Mexico), conservative Monarchism in Mexico, Mexican monarchists seeking a European royal to rule Mexico. Initially Maximilian was not interested, but following his dismissal as viceroy, the Mexican monarchists' plan was far more appealing to him. Since Maxim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imperial Crown Of Mexico
The Imperial Crown of Mexico was the crown created for the Sovereign of Mexico on two separate occasions in the 19th century. The first was created upon the Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire from the kingdom of Spain in 1821, for the First Mexican Empire. The second crown was created upon the decree of the Assembly of Notables in 1863 for the Second Mexican Empire. First Mexican Empire The crown of the First Mexican Empire was made for Emperor Agustín I in 1822, and it can be seen in many of his portraits. However, its history is not entirely known. File:Emperor Agustin I kroningsportret.JPG, Emperor Agustín I with the crown of the First Mexican Empire. File:Coronamiento Iturbide.JPG, Coronation of Emperor Agustín I in July 1822. File:Coat of Arms of the First Mexican Empire.svg, Emperor Agustín I's crowned coat of arms. File:Emperatriz Ana Maria by Josephus Arias Huerta.jpg, Empress consort Ana María with the Imperial Crown of Mexico. Second Mexica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Referendums In Mexico
A referendum, plebiscite, or ballot measure is a direct vote by the electorate (rather than their representatives) on a proposal, law, or political issue. A referendum may be either binding (resulting in the adoption of a new policy) or advisory (functioning like a large-scale opinion poll). Etymology 'Referendum' is the gerundive form of the Latin verb , literally "to carry back" (from the verb , "to bear, bring, carry" plus the inseparable prefix , here meaning "back"Marchant & Charles, Cassell's Latin Dictionary, 1928, p. 469.). As a gerundive is an adjective,A gerundive is a verbal adjective (Kennedy's Shorter Latin Primer, 1962 edition, p. 91.) not a noun, it cannot be used alone in Latin, and must be contained within a context attached to a noun such as , "A proposal which must be carried back to the people". The addition of the verb (3rd person singular, ) to a gerundive, denotes the idea of necessity or compulsion, that which "must" be done, rather than that which is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1863 In Mexico
Events in the year 1863 in Mexico. Incumbents *President of Mexico, President: Benito Juárez Governors * Governor of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes: José Ma. Chávez Alonso * Governor of Campeche, Campeche: Pablo García Montilla * Governor of Chiapas, Chiapas: Juan Clímaco Corzo/José Gabriel Esquinca * Governor of Chihuahua, Chihuahua: * Governor of Coahuila, Coahuila: * Governor of Colima, Colima: Ramón R. De la Vega * Governor of Durango, Durango: * Governor of Guanajuato, Guanajuato: * Governor of Guerrero, Guerrero: * Governor of Jalisco, Jalisco: * Governor of the State of Mexico, State of Mexico: * Governor of Michoacán, Michoacán: * Governor of Nuevo León, Nuevo León: Santiago Vidaurri * Governor of Oaxaca, Oaxaca: * Governor of Puebla, Puebla: * Governor of Querétaro, Querétaro: José María Arteaga * Governor of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí: * Governor of Sinaloa, Sinaloa: * Governor of Sonora, Sonora: * Governor of Tabasco, Tabasco: * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1863 Referendums
Events January * January 1 – Abraham Lincoln signs the Emancipation Proclamation during the third year of the American Civil War, making the abolition of slavery in the Confederate States of America an official war goal. The signing proclaimed the freedom of 3.1 million of the nation's four million slaves and immediately frees 50,000 of them, with the rest freed as the Union Army advances. This event marks the start of America's Reconstruction Era. * January 2 – Master Lucius Tar Paint Company (''Teerfarbenfabrik Meister Lucius''), predecessor of Hoechst, as a worldwide chemical manufacturing brand, founded in a suburb of Frankfurt am Main, Germany. * January 4 – Founding date of the New Apostolic Church, a Christian and chiliastic church, in a schism with the Catholic Apostolic Church in Hamburg, Germany. * January 7 – In the Swiss canton of Ticino, the village of Bedretto is partly destroyed and 29 killed by an avalanche. * January 8 ** ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Credulity
Credulity is a person's willingness or ability to believe that a statement is true, especially on minimal or uncertain evidence. Credulity is not necessarily a belief in something that may be false: the subject of the belief may even be correct, but a credulous person will believe it without good evidence. Meaning The words '' gullible'' and ''credulous'' are commonly used as synonyms. state that while both words mean "unduly trusting or confiding", gullibility stresses being duped or made a fool of, suggesting a lack of intelligence, whereas credulity stresses uncritically forming beliefs, suggesting a lack of skepticism. states the difference is a matter of degree: the gullible are "the easiest to deceive", while the credulous are "a little too quick to believe something, but they usually aren't stupid enough to act on it." characterize a gullible person as one who is both credulous and naïve. stresses the distinction that gullibility involves an action in addition to a b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
José María Vigil
Jose Maria Vigil (1829 – 18 February 1909) was a Mexican writer. He is known also for establishing a new library and teaching literature, an editor for different newspaper companies, and a professor at different universities. Vigil studied at the Seminary of Guadalajara and studied law at the University of Guadalajara. Before he could complete his studies, he decided to pursue journalism which was his real passion. He was a supporter of the Liberal Party, who he openly supported after the fall of the government of Antonio López de Santa Anna by publishing articles in the newspaper ''La Esperanza''. Around 1855 he taught Latin and philosophy at the University of the State of Jalisco. In 1861 he was senior officer of the Secretary of the Congress, and during his administration he organized the State Public Library. During the French intervention, he was exiled to the United States and while he was there he published articles supporting the national cause in the newspaper "El N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trieste
Trieste ( , ; ) is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is the capital and largest city of the Regions of Italy#Autonomous regions with special statute, autonomous region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, as well as of the Province of Trieste, regional decentralization entity of Trieste. Trieste is located at the head of the Gulf of Trieste, on a narrow strip of Italian territory lying between the Adriatic Sea and Slovenia; Slovenia lies close, at approximately east and southeast of the city, while Croatia is about to the south of the city. The city has a long coastline and is surrounded by grassland, forest, and karstic areas. As of 2025, it has a population of 198,668. Trieste belonged, as Triest, to the Habsburg monarchy from 1382 until 1918. In the 19th century, the monarchy was one of the Great Powers of Europe and Trieste was its most important seaport. As a prosperous trading hub in the Mediterranean region, Trieste grew to become the fourth largest city of the Aust ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pound (mass)
The pound or pound-mass is a unit of mass used in both the British imperial and United States customary systems of measurement. Various definitions have been used; the most common today is the international avoirdupois pound, which is legally defined as exactly , and which is divided into 16 avoirdupois ounces. The international standard symbol for the avoirdupois pound is lb; an alternative symbol (when there might otherwise be a risk of confusion with the pound-force) is lbm (for most pound definitions), # ( chiefly in the U.S.), and or ̶ (specifically for the apothecaries' pound). The unit is descended from the Roman (hence the symbol ''lb'', descended from the scribal abbreviation, '). The English word ''pound'' comes from the Roman ('the weight measured in '), and is cognate with, among others, German , Dutch , and Swedish . These units are now designated as historical and are no longer in common usage, being replaced by the metric system. Usage of the un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
San Luis Potosí (city)
San Luis Potosí, commonly referred to as San Luis, or by its initials SLP (Otomi language, Otomi: ), is the capital and the most populous city of the Mexico, Mexican San Luis Potosí, state of San Luis Potosí. It is the municipal seat of the surrounding municipality of San Luis Potosí. The city lies at an elevation of . It has an estimated population of 824,229 in the city proper and a population of approximately 1,221,526 in its metropolitan area, formed with the neighbour city of Soledad de Graciano Sánchez and other surrounding municipalities, which makes the metropolitan area of Greater San Luis Potosí the Metropolitan areas of Mexico, eleventh largest in Mexico. The city is in the west-central part of the state of San Luis Potosí, at 22.16°N, 100.98°W. The municipality has an area of . It is part of the macroregion of Bajío. The city is named after Louis IX of France (also known in Mexico as ''San Luis Rey de Francia'', Saint Louis, King of France), who is the city's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second French Intervention
The second French intervention in Mexico (), also known as the Second Franco-Mexican War (1861–1867), was a military invasion of the Second Federal Republic of Mexico, Republic of Mexico by the Second French Empire, French Empire of Napoleon III, purportedly to force the collection of Mexican debts in conjunction with Great Britain and Spain. Conservative Party (Mexico), Mexican conservatives supported the invasion, since they had been defeated by the liberal government of Benito Juárez in a three-year Reform War, civil war. Defeated on the battlefield, conservatives sought the aid of France to effect regime change and establish a Monarchism in Mexico, monarchy in Mexico, a plan that meshed with Napoleon III's plans to re-establish the presence of the French Empire in the Americas. Although the French invasion displaced Juárez's Republican government from the Mexican capital and the monarchy of Maximilian I of Mexico, Archduke Maximilian was established, the Second Mexican E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
François Achille Bazaine
François Achille Bazaine (13 February 181123 September 1888) was an officer of the French army. Rising from the ranks, during four decades of distinguished service (including 35 years on campaign) under Louis-Philippe I, Louis-Philippe and then Napoleon III, he held every rank in the army from fusilier to Marshal of France, the latter in 1863. Early life François Achille Bazaine was born at Versailles (city), Versailles, on 13 February 1811, from an affair prior to his father's marriage, with Marie-Madeleine Josèphe dit Mélanie Vasseur. His father was General Pierre-Dominique Bazaine, a polytechnic (promotion X1803), meritorious engineer of Napoleon I, and director of the Institute of Communications Channels of the Russian Empire. His elder brother Adolphe Bazaine-Vasseur, Pierre-Dominique Bazaine was a renowned engineer. Achille Bazaine conducted studies at the Institute of Bader (or Barbet), then the college of Saint-Louis. French Foreign Legion & Algeria While not p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
