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17 October 1952 Affair
The 17 October affair (, ) was an event during which Indonesian soldiers pressured the president to disband the Provisional People's Representative Council, at the behest of the administration's chief of staff, along with the commander of the armed forces. The demand was made of President Sukarno while the Merdeka Palace was surrounded. Due to tensions regarding potential army reorganization to conserve budgets, the Indonesian Army's high command disputed with the parliament regarding excessive civilian meddling in military affairs. After the dismissal of a pro-government officer in July 1952, the parliament began demanding a significant restructuring of armed forces leadership. After three months, tensions culminated in thousands of demonstrators mobilized by the army in Jakarta. Sukarno managed to temper the demonstrators and assure the army officers but refused to concede to any demands. Soon after the incident, a significant proportion of the army's high command was replaced, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liberal Democracy Period In Indonesia
The Liberal Democracy period in Indonesia (), also known as the Era of Parliamentary Democracy, was a period in Indonesian political history, when the country was under a liberal democracy, liberal democratic system. During this period, Indonesia held its first and only free and fair legislative election until 1999, but also saw continual political instability. The period began on 17 August 1950 following the dissolution of the federal United States of Indonesia, less than a year after its formation, and ended with the imposition of martial law and President Sukarno's 1959 Decree, President Sukarno's decree, which resulted in the introduction of Guided Democracy in Indonesia, Guided Democracy on 5 July 1959. On 17 August 1950, the Republic of the United States of Indonesia (RIS), which was a state created as a result of the Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference, Round Table Conference and the recognition of Indonesian sovereignty by the Netherlands, was officially dissolved ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tahi Bonar Simatupang
Tahi Bonar Simatupang (28 January 1920 – 1 January 1990) was a soldier who served in the Indonesian National Revolution and went on to become chief of staff of the Indonesian Armed Forces. Early life Simatupang was born in Dairi, North Sumatra, then part of the Dutch East Indies to a Batak Protestant family. Simatupang attended a Dutch colonial school and then moved to Jakarta in 1937 for further study. Among his friends in the Batak youth in Batavia during that time were Oloan Hutapea and Josef Simanjutak, future high-ranking Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) members Lintong Mulia Sitorus, future Indonesian Socialist Party secretary general. In 1942, he gained entry to the Dutch Military Academy, but his studies were interrupted by the Japanese invasion.Jakarta Encyclopedia During the Japanese occupation, Simatupang rented a house with Sitorus and Hutapea in the Tanah Tinggi district of Batavia. He notes that other Batak youth called them ''De Drie Musketiers'', that they ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ignatius Joseph Kasimo Hendrowahyono
Ignatius Joseph Kasimo Hendrowahyono (10 April 1900 – 1 August 1986) was an Indonesian politician and national hero. He was a co-founder of the Catholic Party and was himself a Catholic of Javanese descent like his fellow party confrère, Fredericus Soetrisno Harjadi. Early life Hendrowahyono was born in present-day Yogyakarta. His father, Ronosentiko, was a Yogyakarta palace soldier, serving the Mentrijero brigade at the time. His mother was Dalikem and she was a housewife and market stall owner. Hendrowahyono was the second child of the family and one older brother and nine other siblings. Owing to his father's prestigious position in that era, Hendrowahyono was able to attend school in the Dutch East Indies. He first attended Tweede Inlandsche School in Kampung Gading. Later on, he entered a teaching college in Muntilan, where he was introduced to Catholicism by the school's founder, Romo (Father) van Lith. He was baptized in 1913 and received his Christian name Ig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gatot Subroto
General Gatot Soebroto ( Enhanced Spelling: Gatot Subroto, 10 October 1907 – 11 June 1962) was an Indonesian general who began his military career with the Royal Dutch East Indies Army (KNIL) and rose to be deputy Army chief-of-staff. Early life Soebroto was born in Purwokerto, Central Java. He began his education at a '' Europeesche Lagere School'', an elementary school for the children of Europeans, but was expelled for fighting with the Dutch children. He then moved to a '' Hollandsch-Inlandsche School'' for Indonesians. He did not continue his education after graduating from this elementary school but instead found a job. However, he was dissatisfied and decided on a military career. Pre-independence military career In 1923, Gatot enrolled in a military school in Magelang. After graduating, he joined the Royal Dutch East Indies Army (KNIL) and rose to the rank of sergeant. In 1942, the Japanese invaded the Dutch East Indies, and Gatot joined the ''Pembela Tanah Air'' ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Evert Kawilarang
Alexander Evert Kawilarang (23 February 1920 – 6 June 2000) was an Indonesian freedom fighter, military commander, and founder of ''Kesko TT'', which would become the Indonesian special forces unit Kopassus. However, in 1958 he resigned his post as military attaché to the United States to join the rebel Permesta movement after the Incidents in Manado where he encountered Kopassus as his opponent. His involvement in Permesta damaged his military career, but he remained popular and active in the armed forces community. Early life Kawilarang was born in Batavia (now known as Jakarta) on 23 February 1920. His father, Alexander Herman Hermanus Kawilarang, was a major in the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army (KNIL or ''Koninklijk Nederlands Indisch Leger''). His mother was Nelly Betsy Mogot. Both parents were from the Minahasa region in North Sulawesi. Kawilarang enjoyed European-style education that included attending the Dutch secondary school (HBS or '' Hogere burgerschool'') ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maludin Simbolon
Colonel Maludin Simbolon (13 September 1916 – 2000) was an Indonesian military officer, independence fighter, and Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia's (PRRI) Cabinet. Background Maludin Simbolon was the second of ten children of his parents, Julius Simbolon and Nursiah Lumbantobing. His father worked as a plantation foreman in Pearaja, Tarutung, North Tapanuli Regency. Simbolon took his basic education at a Hollandsch-Inlandsche School Siantar Narumonda, then continued at Chr. Hollandsch Inlandsche Kweekschool (teacher school) Solo, Central Java, and graduated in 1938. There he met his future wife Paniyem in Solo, and from their marriage they had five children. Before the outbreak of World War II, he had taught as a teacher at HIS Solo, and also in Curup, Bengkulu. Military career Simbolon entered ''Giyūgun'' (義勇軍 ''giyūgun'', voluntary army) training during the Japanese Occupation, and afterward graduated as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Labour Party (Indonesia, 1949)
The Labour Party () was a political party in Indonesia. It was formed on 25 December 1949 by a group of former Labour Party of Indonesia (PBI) members, who had disagreed with the merger of PBI into the Communist Party of Indonesia.Rose, Saul. ''Socialism in Southern Asia''. London: Oxford University Press, 1959. p. 153Feith, Herbert. The Decline of Constitutional Democracy in Indonesia'. An Equinox classic Indonesia book. Jakarta .a. Equinox, 2007. pp. 144-145Ensiklopedi umum'. Yogyakarta: Yayasan Kanisius, 1977. pp. 435, 790 The party had a degree of influence, as it counted on support from trade unions and had influence inside the Ministry of Labour. Iskandar Tedjasukmana was the Chairman of the Political Bureau of the party between 1951 and 1956. Iskandar Tedjasukmana represented the party in government, serving as Minister of Labour in the Sukiman, Wilopo and Burhanuddin Harahap cabinets (1951–1956). The party was officially Marxist, but in political practice more in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Murba Party
Murba Party (, Proletarian Party) was a 'National communism, national communist' political party in Indonesia.Harold Crouch, Crouch, Harold A. The Army and Politics in Indonesia. Politics and international relations of Southeast Asia'. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1978. pp. 64–66 The party was founded by Tan Malaka, Chairul Saleh, Sukarni and Adam Malik in 1948. The history of the party was largely intertwined with that of the powerful Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI). Initially relations between PKI and the Murba Party were fluid, but gradually the two parties developed into each other's arch-enemies.Mortimer, Rex. Indonesian Communism Under Sukarno: Ideology and Politics, 1959–1965'. Jakarta: Equinox Pub, 2006. p. 376 The Murba Party continued to exist under the New Order (Indonesia), New Order, but was merged into the Indonesian Democratic Party in 1973. Founding The 1948 Madiun Affair had resulted in a severe backlash for the PKI. Across Java (except in Bantam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zainul Baharuddin
Zainul may refer to: * Zainul Abedeen (c. 659 – c. 713), the fourth Imam in Shiʻi Islam *Kazi Zainul Abedin (1892–1962), Urdu poet, officer in the Government of the Nizam of Hyderabad *Syed Zainul Abedin, the Dewan (spiritual Head) of the Ajmer Sharif Dargah *Zainul Abedin (1914–1976), Bangladeshi painter *Zainul Abedin (politician) (8201–2014), Bangladesh Nationalist Party politician * Zainul Abideen, Pakistani politician *Azizan Zainul Abidin (1935–2004), Malaysian corporate figure, president of the Putrajaya Corporation and of Petronas * Mohd Asri Zainul Abidin (born 1971), known as MAZA, Islamic scholar, preacher, writer and lecturer from Malaysia * Zahidi Zainul Abidin (born 1961), Malaysian politician, Deputy Minister of Communications and Multimedia *Zainul Abidin (politician) (born 1948), Singaporean diplomat, business executive and retired politician *Zainul Abidin of Aceh (died 1579), the seventh sultan of Aceh in northern Sumatra *Zainul Arifin (1909–1963), In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hamengkubuwono IX
Shri#South and Southeast Asia, Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX (Javanese script, Hanacaraka: ; 12 April 1912 – 2 October 1988), often abbreviated as HB IX, was an Indonesian politician and Javanese people, Javanese royal who was the second Vice President of Indonesia, vice president of Indonesia, the ninth Sultanate of Yogyakarta, sultan of Yogyakarta, and the first governor of the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Hamengkubuwono IX was also the chairman of the first National Scout Movement Quarter and was known as the Father of the Gerakan Pramuka Indonesia, Indonesian Scouts. Early life and education Early life Born as Gusti Raden Mas Dorodjatun, in Sompilan, Ngasem, Yogyakarta, Hamengkubuwono IX was the ninth son of Prince Gusti Pangeran Puruboyo —later titled Hamengkubuwono VIII— with his consort, Raden Ajeng Kustilah. When he was four, he was sent away to live with the Mulder family, a Dutch family which lived in the Gondokusuman area. While living with the Mulder family, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesian Christian Party
The Indonesian Christian Party (), better known as Parkindo, was a Christian politics, Christian political party active in Indonesia from 1950 until 1973, when it was merged to make the Indonesian Democratic Party. Founded by Johannes Leimena and Melanchton Siregar, the former Military Governor of North Sumatra, who was known as a local teacher in Tarutung. Its support was concentrated in Protestant areas of Indonesia. It had considerable influence despite the small number of Christians in Indonesia due to the large numbers of Christians in the civil service, the Indonesian Army, army and educational establishments and because of the high profile of party leader Johannes Leimena who served in several cabinet of Indonesia, Indonesian cabinets and as deputy prime minister.Feith (2007) p. 145 In the 1955 Indonesian legislative election, the party won 2.6% of the vote and eight seats in the People's Representative Council.Feith (2007) p. 434 However, in the 1971 Indonesian legislative ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesian Socialist Party
The Socialist Party of Indonesia (, PSI) was a socialist political party in Indonesia which existed from 1948 until 1960, when it was banned by President Sukarno. Origins In December 1945, Amir Sjarifoeddin's Socialist Party of Indonesia (Parsi) and Sutan Sjahrir's Socialist People's Party (Parsas), both of which had only recently been established, merged to form the Socialist Party. Sjahrir became leader of the combined party. It was popular among young intellectuals and students, as well as members of the underground movements led by the two men during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies.Kahin (1952) p158 At the end of 1945, the Socialist Party gained five of the 25 seats on the working committee of the Central Indonesian National Committee, the '' de facto'' legislature.Kahin (1952) p171 Both Sjahrir and Amir served terms as prime minister, while other Socialist Party members held senior cabinet posts.Simanjuntak (2003) From 1947, divisions appeared betwee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
