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1791 Avignon–Comtat Venaissin Status Referendum
In the aftermath of the Avignon–Comtat Venaissin War, between the pro-French Avignon municipal government and the papist Union of St. Cecilia, three mediators sent by the French National Constituent Assembly (France), National Assembly organized a series of votes to discern the true opinions of the people in the Papal States, Papal territories of Avignon and the Comtat Venaissin with respect to union with France. Of the 98 municipalities, 52 voted for France and 19 for the Papal States. Annexation was confirmed by the National Assembly on September 14, 1791. Background History What eventually became the Comtat Venaissin was acquired by Philip III of France after becoming Count of Toulouse in 1271 who then ceded it to the papacy in 1273. Later, Avignon was sold to the papacy by Joanna I of Naples, Joanna I, Queen of Naples and Countess of Provence, in 1348, whereupon the two ''comtats'' were joined to form a unified papal enclave geographically, though retaining their separa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avignon–Comtat Venaissin War
Following the unanimous declaration of the various district assemblies of Avignon on 12 June 1790, to secede from the Papal States and unite with Kingdom of France (1791–92), France, war broke out between the municipal government of Avignon and the more conservative Comtat Venaissin, the larger county (''comtat'') which co-existed with Avignon and still pledged loyalty to the Papal States. Avignon, which had been inspired by the intentions of the French Revolution, soon received the support of French troops placed under its control, augmenting the Avignon forces that had laid siege to Carpentras, ending the government of the Comtat. However, hardline counter-revolutionary regions of the Comtat under the name the "Union of Sainte-Cécile-les-Vignes, St. Cecilia" continued fighting until June 1791. In spring 1791, with the rejection of the Civil Constitution of the Clergy and the threat of violence spreading into neighbouring departments, France brokered a peace between the warring ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papal Legate
300px, A woodcut showing Henry II of England greeting the Pope's legate. A papal legate or apostolic legate (from the ancient Roman title '' legatus'') is a personal representative of the Pope to foreign nations, to some other part of the Catholic Church, or to representatives of a state or monarchy. A legate is empowered in matters of Catholic faith and for the settlement of ecclesiastical matters. The legate is appointed directly by the Pope—the Bishop of Rome and head of the Catholic Church. Hence a legate is usually sent to a government, to a sovereign, to a large body of believers (such as a national church), or to take charge of a major religious effort, such as an ecumenical council, a crusade to the Holy Land, or even against a heresy such as the Cathars. The term ''legation'' is applied both to a legate's mandate and to the territory concerned (such as a state, or an ecclesiastical province). The relevant adjective is ''legatine''. History 200px, Cardinal Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jérôme Pétion De Villeneuve
Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve (; 3 January 1756 – 18 June 1794) was a French writer and politician who served as the second mayor of Paris, from 1791 to 1792, and the first regular president of the National Convention in 1792. During the French Revolution, he was associated with the moderate Girondins, and voted against the immediate execution of Louis XVI at the king's trial in January 1793, though he supported a suspended sentence. This led to Pétion's proscription by the Convention alongside other Girondin deputies following the radical insurrection of 31 May – 2 June 1793, and ultimately his suicide together with fellow-Girondin François Buzot while evading arrest during the Terror. Early life and work Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve was the son of a prosecutor at Chartres. Though it is known that he was trained as a lawyer, very few specifics are known about Petion's early life, as he was virtually unknown prior to the French Revolution. He became a lawyer in 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Constitution Of 1791
The French Constitution of 1791 () was the first written constitution in France, created after the collapse of the absolute monarchy of the . One of the basic precepts of the French Revolution was adopting constitutionality and establishing popular sovereignty. Drafting process Early efforts Following the Tennis Court Oath, the National Assembly began the process of drafting a constitution as its primary objective. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, adopted on 26 August 1789 eventually became the preamble of the constitution adopted on 3 September 1791. The Declaration offered sweeping generalizations about rights, liberty, and sovereignty. A twelve-member Constitutional Committee was convened on 14 July 1789 (coincidentally the day of the Storming of the Bastille). Its task was to do much of the drafting of the articles of the constitution. It included originally two members from the First Estate (Champion de Cicé, Archbishop of Bordeaux and Tal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boussay, Indre-et-Loire
Boussay () is a commune in the Indre-et-Loire department in central France. Population Sights * The Château de Boussay See also *Communes of the Indre-et-Loire department The following is a list of the 272 communes of the Indre-et-Loire department of France. The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2025): References Communes of Indre-et-Loire {{IndreLoire-geo-stub ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Storming Of The Bastille
The Storming of the Bastille ( ), which occurred in Paris, France, on 14 July 1789, was an act of political violence by revolutionary insurgents who attempted to storm and seize control of the medieval armoury, fortress, and political prison known as the Bastille. After four hours of fighting and 94 deaths, the insurgents were able to enter the Bastille. The governor of the Bastille, Bernard-René Jourdan de Launay, and several members of the garrison were killed after surrendering. At the time, the Bastille represented royal authority in the centre of Paris. The prison contained only seven inmates at the time of its storming and was already scheduled for demolition but was seen by the revolutionaries as a symbol of the monarchy's abuse of power. Its fall was the flashpoint of the French Revolution. In France, 14 July is a national holiday called '' Fête nationale française'' which commemorates both the anniversary of the storming of the Bastille and the '' Fête de la Fà ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bernard-René Jourdan De Launay
Bernard René Jourdan, marquis de Launay (8/9 April 1740 – 14 July 1789) was a French Royal Army officer and nobleman who served as the governor of the Bastille. He was the son of a previous governor, and commander of the Bastille's garrison when it was stormed on 14 July 1789. Early life The marquis Bernard-René Jordan de Launay was born on the night of 8/9 April 1740 in the Bastille where his father, René Jourdan de Launay, was governor. At the age of eight, he was appointed to an honorary position in the King's Musketeers (''mousquetaires du roi''). He subsequently joined the French Guards Regiment, which was permanently stationed in Paris except in time of war. In 1776 de Launay succeeded M. de Jumilhac as governor of the Bastille. As was the custom with many senior positions under the ''ancien régime'', the marquis purchased the office of governor from his predecessor as a form of investment. The 13 years he spent in this position were mostly uneventful, but on 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Comtat Venaissin
The (; ; 'County of Venaissin'), often called the for short, was a part of the Papal States from 1274 to 1791, in what is now the region of Southern France. The region was an enclave within the Kingdom of France, comprising the area around the city of Avignon (itself always a separate ) roughly between the Rhône, the Durance and , and a small exclave located to the north around the town of purchased by Pope John XXII. The also bordered (and mostly surrounded) the Principality of Orange. The region is still known informally as the , although this no longer has any political meaning. History In 1096, the Comtat was part of the Margraviate of Provence that was inherited by Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse from William Bertrand of Provence. These lands in the Holy Roman Empire belonged to Joan, Countess of Toulouse, and her husband, Alphonse, Count of Poitiers. Alphonse bequeathed it to the Holy See on his death in 1271. Since this happened during an interregnum, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civil Constitution Of The Clergy
The Civil Constitution of the Clergy () was a law passed on 12 July 1790 during the French Revolution, that sought the Caesaropapism, complete control over the Catholic Church in France by the National Constituent Assembly (France), French government. As a result, a schism was created, resulting in an illegal and underground French Catholic Church loyal to the Papacy, and a "constitutional church" that was subservient to the State. The schism was not fully resolved until 1801. King Louis XVI ultimately granted Royal Assent to the measure after originally opposing it, but later expressed regret for having done so. Earlier legislation had already arranged the confiscation of the Catholic Church's land holdings and banned monastic vows. This new law completed the destruction of the monasticism, monastic orders, outlawing "all regular and secular chapters for either sex, abbacies and priorships, both regular and ''in commendam'', for either sex". It also sought to settle the chaos c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sainte-Cécile-les-Vignes
Sainte-Cécile-les-Vignes (; Provençal: ''Santa Celha dei Vinhas'') is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France. Nearby cities are Orange and the smaller Bollène. It is also not far from the Mont Ventoux. Maurice Trintignant, a motor racing driver and vintner, was born here on 30 October 1917. Population Twin towns * Auzances, Limousin See also *Communes of the Vaucluse department * Félix Charpentier Félix Charpentier (; 10 January 1858 in Bollène in Vaucluse – 1924) was a French sculptor. His work was part of the Art competitions at the 1924 Summer Olympics#Sculpture, sculpture event in the Art competitions at the 1924 Summer Olympics, a ... Sculptor of Sainte-Cécile-les-Vignes War Memorial References {{DEFAULTSORT:Saintececilelesvignes Communes of Vaucluse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
18 Siège De Carpentras (1791) Anonyme Bibliothèque Municipale Ceccano Avignon
Eighteen or 18 may refer to: * 18 (number) * One of the years 18 BC, AD 18, 1918, 2018 Film, television and entertainment * ''18'' (film), a 1993 Taiwanese experimental film based on the short story ''God's Dice'' * ''Eighteen'' (film), a 2005 Canadian dramatic feature film * 18 (British Board of Film Classification), a film rating in the United Kingdom, also used in Ireland by the Irish Film Classification Office * 18 (''Dragon Ball''), a character in the ''Dragon Ball'' franchise * "Eighteen", a 2006 episode of the animated television series ''12 oz. Mouse'' Science * Argon, a noble gas in the periodic table * 18 Melpomene, an asteroid in the asteroid belt Music Albums * ''18'' (Moby album), 2002 * ''18'' (Nana Kitade album), 2005 * '' 18...'', 2009 debut album by G.E.M. * ''18'' (Jeff Beck and Johnny Depp album), 2022 Songs * "18" (5 Seconds of Summer song), from their 2014 eponymous debut album * "18" (One Direction song), from their 2014 studio album ''Four'' * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
