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1769 In France
Events from the year 1769 in France. Incumbents *Monarch: Louis XV Events *16 March – Louis Antoine de Bougainville returns to Saint-Malo, following a three-year circumnavigation of the world with the ships '' La Boudeuse'' and '' Étoile'', with the loss of only seven out of 330 men; among the members of the expedition is Jeanne Baré, the first woman known to have circumnavigated the globe (she returns to France some time after Bougainville and his ships). *8 May – Battle of Ponte Novu begins between royal French forces and the native Corsicans. *9 May – Battle of Ponte Novu ends, marking the end of the Corsican War and paving the way for French dominance over the island. *23 October – Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot demonstrates a steam-powered artillery tractor (or 'automobile'). Culture *The Concert des Amateurs is founded by François-Joseph Gossec in Paris at the Hôtel de Soubise. Births January to June *1 January – Marie-Louise Lachapelle, midwife (died 1821) *10 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
France
France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlantic, North Atlantic, the French West Indies, and List of islands of France, many islands in Oceania and the Indian Ocean, giving it Exclusive economic zone of France, one of the largest discontiguous exclusive economic zones in the world. Metropolitan France shares borders with Belgium and Luxembourg to the north; Germany to the northeast; Switzerland to the east; Italy and Monaco to the southeast; Andorra and Spain to the south; and a maritime border with the United Kingdom to the northwest. Its metropolitan area extends from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea. Its Regions of France, eighteen integral regions—five of which are overseas—span a combined area of and hav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1821 In France
Events from the year 1821 in France. Incumbents * Monarch – Louis XVIII * Prime Minister – Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, Duc de Richelieu (until 14 December), then Joseph de Villèle Events *5 May - Napoléon dies in exile at Saint Helena. The cause of his death is still disputed. Births *11 February - Auguste Mariette, scholar and archaeologist (died 1881) *9 April - Charles Baudelaire, poet, critic and translator (died 1867) *6 June - Jean-André Cuoq, philologist (died 1898) *1 July - Anatole Jean-Baptiste Antoine de Barthélemy, archaeologist and numismatist (died 1904) *18 July - Pauline García-Viardot, mezzo-soprano and composer (died 1910) *29 August - Louis Laurent Gabriel de Mortillet, anthropologist (died 1898) *17 September - Léonard-Léopold Forgemol de Bostquénard, general (died 1897) *22 November - Charles Brun, naval engineer (died 1897) *12 December - Gustave Flaubert, novelist (died 1880) *27 December - Joseph Déjacque, anarcho-commun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marshal General Of France
Marshal General of France, originally "Marshal General of the King's camps and armies" (), was a title given to signify that the recipient had authority over all of the French armies, in the days when a Marshal of France usually governed only one army. This title was bestowed only on Marshals of France, usually when the title of Constable of France was unavailable or, after 1626, suppressed. Unlike the title of marshal, marshal general was rarely granted to active military commanders. Rather, especially in the 18th and 19th centuries, it was an end-of-career reward for particularly deserving or loyal marshals. List of titleholders Six in the Ancien Régime, pre-revolutionary kingdom of France: * Charles de Gontaut, duc de Biron (1562–1602): ** Admiral of France, 1592 ** Admiral and Marshal, 26 January 1594 ** unclear when promoted to Marshal General ** executed in 1602 * François de Bonne, duc de Lesdiguières (1543–1626): ** Marshal, 27 September 1609 ** Marsha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean-de-Dieu Soult
Marshal General Jean-de-Dieu Soult, 1st Duke of Dalmatia (; 29 March 1769 – 26 November 1851) was a French general and statesman. He was a Marshal of the Empire during the Napoleonic Wars, and served three times as President of the Council of Ministers (prime minister) of France. Son of a country notary from southern France, Soult enlisted in the French Royal Army in 1785 and quickly rose through the ranks during the French Revolution. He was promoted to brigadier general after distinguishing himself at the Battle of Fleurus in 1794, and by 1799 he was a division general. In 1804, Napoleon made Soult one of his first eighteen Marshals of the Empire. Soult played a key role in many of Napoleon's campaigns, most notably at the Battle of Austerlitz, where his corps delivered the decisive attack that secured French victory. He was subsequently created Duke of Dalmatia and from 1808, he commanded French forces during the Peninsular War. Despite several initial victories, for ins ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1832 In France
Events from the year 1832 in France. Incumbents * Monarch – Louis Philippe I Events *5 June - Anti-monarchist June Rebellion briefly breaks out in Paris. * 9 August – Leopold I of Belgium and marries Louise of Orléans, the eldest daughter of the French king, at the Château de Compiègne *4–23 December - Siege of Antwerp: the last remaining Dutch defensive point, the citadel, falls to French attack. Arts and literature *26 February - Chopin gives his debut Paris concert at the Salle Pleyel. *September - The Opéra-Comique moves from Salle Ventadour to Salle de la Bourse in Paris. *Théâtre des Folies-Dramatiques opens on the site of the Théâtre de l'Ambigu-Comique on the Boulevard du Temple in Paris under Frédérick Lemaître. *Honoré de Balzac publishes the novels ''La Bourse'', '' Le Curé de Tours'', '' Le Colonel Chabert'' and '' Louis Lambert''. Births *6 January - Gustave Doré, artist, engraver, illustrator and sculptor (died 1883) *23 Januar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adélaïde Binart
Adélaïde Binart (9 March 1769 – September 1832) was a French Neoclassicism, neoclassical painter-artist. Adélaïde Binart was born 9 March 1769, in Paris. She exhibited her works, mostly portraits, at the French art salons and academies, Salon of 1795–1817. In 1794, she married Alexandre Lenoir, with whom she has three children: Zelia (1795–1813), Albert Lenoir, Albert (1801–1891) and Clodomir (1804–1887). Her studio was located in the former convent of the Petits-Augustins. There are three known portraits of her: at age 27 by Marie Bouliard (1796, Paris, Musée Carnavalet), at age 30 by the artist Pierre-Maximilien Delafontaine, where she is in the company of her husband and daughter, and at age 40 (1809) by Jacques-Louis David. She died in Paris in September, 1832. Selected works * 1795, ''Tête d'étude'' * 1799, ''Portrait du citoyen Gauthier de Claubri'' * 1799, ''Portrait d'une jeune personne'' * 1799, ''Portrait du citoyen Sage'' * 1800 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1796 In France
Events from the year 1796 in France. Incumbents * The French Directory Events *9 March - Widow Joséphine de Beauharnais marries General Napoléon Bonaparte. *12 April - Battle of Montenotte, French victory over Austria and Sardinian forces. Napoleon Bonaparte's first victory as an army commander. *13 April - Battle of Millesimo, French victory against Austrian and Sardinian forces. *14 April-15 April - Second Battle of Dego, French victory over Austro-Sardinian forces. *21 April - Battle of Mondovì, French victory over the Kingdom of Sardinia. *10 May - Battle of Lodi, French victory over Austria. *15 May - French troops take Milan. *5 July - Battle of Rastatt, French victory against Austria. *3-4 August - 2nd Battle of Lonato, French victory over Austria. *5 August - Battle of Castiglione, French victory over Austria. *11 August - Battle of Neresheim, French victory over Austria. *19 August - Second Treaty of San Ildefonso, signed by France and Spain, to ally against Gre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General
A general officer is an Officer (armed forces), officer of high rank in the army, armies, and in some nations' air force, air and space forces, marines or naval infantry. In some usages, the term "general officer" refers to a rank above colonel."general, adj. and n.". OED Online. March 2021. Oxford University Press. https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/77489?rskey=dCKrg4&result=1 (accessed May 11, 2021) The adjective ''general'' had been affixed to officer designations since the late medieval period to indicate relative superiority or an extended jurisdiction. French Revolutionary system Arab system Other variations Other nomenclatures for general officers include the titles and ranks: * Adjutant general * Commandant-General, Commandant-general * Inspector general * General-in-chief * General of the Air Force (USAF only) * General of the Armies, General of the Armies of the United States (of America), a title created for General John J. Pershing, and subsequently grante ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
François Séverin Marceau-Desgraviers
François () is a French masculine given name and surname, equivalent to the English name Francis. People with the given name * François Amoudruz (1926–2020), French resistance fighter * François-Marie Arouet (better known as Voltaire; 1694–1778), French Enlightenment writer, historian, and philosopher * François Beauchemin (born 1980), Canadian ice hockey player for the Anaheim Ducks * François Blanc (1806–1877), French entrepreneur and operator of casinos * François Bonlieu (1937–1973), French alpine skier * François Cevert (1944–1973), French racing driver * François Chau (born 1959), Cambodian American actor * François Clemmons (born 1945), American singer and actor * François Corbier (1944–2018), French television presenter and songwriter * François Coty (1874–1934), French perfumer * François Coulomb the Elder (1654–1717), French naval architect * François Coulomb the Younger (1691–1751), French naval architect * François Couperin (166 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1823 In France
Events from the year 1823 in France. Incumbents * Monarch – Louis XVIII * Prime Minister – Joseph de Villèle Events *22 January - By secret treaty signed at the Congress of Verona, the Quintuple Alliance gives France a mandate to invade Spain for the purpose of restoring Ferdinand VII (who has been captured by armed revolutionary liberals) as absolute monarch of the country. *7 April - French forces, the "Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis", cross the Spanish border. *23 May - The rebel Spanish government withdraws from Madrid to Seville following French attacks. *31 August - Battle of Trocadero: French infantry capture the fort of Trocadero and turn its guns on Cádiz. *30 September - Cádiz surrenders to the French and Ferdinand VII of Spain is restored to his throne as absolute monarch. *5 November - The "Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis" begin their withdrawal from Spain, although a French army of occupation remains in the country until 1828. Arts and li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parachute
A parachute is a device designed to slow an object's descent through an atmosphere by creating Drag (physics), drag or aerodynamic Lift (force), lift. It is primarily used to safely support people exiting aircraft at height, but also serves various purposes like slowing cargo, aiding in space capsule recovery, and stabilizing vehicles or objects. Modern parachutes are typically made from durable fabrics like nylon and come in various shapes, such as dome-shaped, rectangular, and inverted domes, depending on their specific function. The concept of the parachute dates back to ancient attempts at flight. In 852 AD, Armen Firman, in Córdoba, Spain, made the first recorded jump with a large cloak to slow his fall. Renaissance figures like Francesco di Giorgio Martini and Leonardo da Vinci later sketched designs resembling modern parachutes, but it wasn’t until the 18th century that the first successful jumps occurred. French Louis-Sébastien Lenormand made the first public jump i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
André-Jacques Garnerin
André-Jacques Garnerin (31 January 1769 – 18 August 1823) was a French balloonist and the inventor of the frameless parachute. He was appointed Official Aeronaut of France. Biography André-Jacques Garnerin was born in Paris. During the first phase of the French Revolutionary Wars (1792–1797), he was captured by British troops. Subsequently, he was turned over to the Austrians and held as a prisoner of war in Buda, Hungary, for three years. Balloons and parachutes Ballooning André-Jacques Garnerin was a student of the ballooning pioneer Professor Jacques Charles. Garnerin was heavily involved in the flight of hot air balloons, and worked with his older brother, Jean-Baptiste-Olivier Garnerin (1766–1849), in most of his ballooning activities. His significant contributions to ballooning and his expertise led to his appointment as the Official Aeronaut of France. Garnerin began experiments with early parachutes based on umbrella-shaped devices and carried out the firs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
