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1726 In Science
The year 1726 in science and technology involved some significant events. Botany * October 27 – Caleb Threlkeld publishes ''Synopsis Stirpium Hibernicarum .....Dispositarum sive Commentatio de Plantis Indigenis praesertim Dublinensibus instituta'' in Dublin, the first Flora (publication), flora of Ireland. Medicine * A faculty of medicine is formally established at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland, a predecessor of the University of Edinburgh Medical School. John Rutherford (physician), John Rutherford becomes Professor of Practice of Medicine. Technology * For clocks, the gridiron pendulum is developed by John Harrison, as a pendulum that compensates for temperature errors: a grid of alternating brass and steel rods is arranged so that the expansion due to heat is wikt:dissipate, dissipated. Publications * Johann Beringer publishes ''Lithographiæ Wirceburgensis'' describing hoax fossils. Births * February 6 – Patrick Russell (herpetologist), Patrick Russell, Sco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hoax
A hoax (plural: hoaxes) is a widely publicised falsehood created to deceive its audience with false and often astonishing information, with the either malicious or humorous intent of causing shock and interest in as many people as possible. Some hoaxers intend to eventually unmask their representations as having been a hoax so as to expose their victims as fools; seeking some form of profit, other hoaxers hope to maintain the hoax indefinitely, so that it is only when skeptical people willing to investigate their claims publish their findings, that the hoaxers are finally revealed as such. History Zhang Yingyu's '' The Book of Swindles'' ( 1617), published during the late Ming dynasty, is said to be China's first collection of stories about fraud, swindles, hoaxes, and other forms of deception. Although practical jokes have likely existed for thousands of years, one of the earliest recorded hoaxes in Western history was the drummer of Tedworth in 1661. The communication of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guillaume Delisle
Guillaume Delisle, also spelled Guillaume de l'Isle, or Guillelmo Delille (; 28 February 1675, Paris – 25 January 1726, Paris) was a French cartographer known for his popular and accurate maps of Europe and the newly explored Americas. Childhood and education Delisle was the son of Marie Malaine and Claude Delisle (1644–1720). His mother died after childbirth and his father married again, to Charlotte Millet de la Croyère. Delisle and his second wife had as many as 12 children, but many of them died at a young age. Although the senior Delisle had studied law, he also taught history and geography. He had an excellent reputation in Paris’ intellectual circles, and served as a tutor to lords . Among them was the duke Philippe d’Orléans, who later became regent for the crown of France, and collaborated with Nicolas Sanson, a well-known cartographer. Guillaume and two of his half-brothers, Joseph Nicolas and Louis, ended up pursuing similar careers in science. While his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1776 In Science
The year 1776 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * Lagrange publishes a paper on the stability of planetary orbits. Botany * William Withering publishes ''The Botanical Arrangement of all the Vegetables Naturally Growing in Great Britain'', the first flora in English based on Linnaean taxonomy. Chemistry * James Keir begins publication of ''A Dictionary of Chemistry'' in London, a translation into English of Pierre Macquer's ''Dictionnaire de chymie'' (1766). Exploration * July 12 – Captain James Cook sets off from Plymouth, England, in HMS ''Resolution'' on his third voyage, to the Pacific Ocean and the Arctic. Geology * James Keir suggests that some rocks, such as those at the Giant's Causeway, might have been formed by the crystallisation of molten lava. Mathematics * Jean Baptiste Meusnier discovers the helicoid and announces Meusnier's theorem. Medicine * November 30 – Sir John Pringle presents "A discourse upon some late ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lady Anne Monson
Lady Anne Monson (née Vane; 25 June 172618 February 1776), also known as Lady Anne Hope-Vere, was an English botanist and collector of plants and insects. The plant genus '' Monsonia'' was named after her by Carolus Linnaeus. Life She was the daughter of Henry Vane, 1st Earl of Darlington, and his wife, Lady Grace Fitzroy; she was a great-grandchild of Charles II. Her aunt, also Anne Vane, was a royal mistress.Matthew Kilburn, ‘Vane, Anne (d. 1736)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 200accessed 19 Feb 2017/ref> In 1746, she married Charles Hope-Vere of Craigiehall and had two sons before the marriage was dissolved by Act of Parliament in 1757, due to the birth of an illegitimate child. No details of this child's father are known. Later in 1757, she married Colonel George Monson of Lincolnshire. Since her new husband's career was with the Indian military, she spent most of her time in Calcutta, where she became pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1753 In Science
The year 1753 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * Ruđer Bošković's ''De lunae atmosphaera'' demonstrates the lack of atmosphere on the Moon. Botany * May 1 – Publication of Linnaeus' ''Species Plantarum'', the start of formal scientific classification of plants. * June – Establishment in Florence of the ''Accademia dei Georgofili'', the world's oldest society devoted to agronomy and scientific agriculture. Chemistry * Claude François Geoffroy demonstrates that bismuth is distinct from lead and tin. Computer science * January 1 – Retrospectively, the minimum date value for a datetime field in an SQL Server (up to version 2005) due to this being the first full year since Britain's adoption of the Gregorian calendar. Medicine * James Lind publishes the first edition of ''A Treatise on the Scurvy'' (although it is little noticed at this time). Physics * November 25 – The Russian Academy of Sciences announces a competition among ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Natural Philosophy
Natural philosophy or philosophy of nature (from Latin ''philosophia naturalis'') is the philosophical study of physics, that is, nature and the physical universe, while ignoring any supernatural influence. It was dominant before the development of modern science. From the ancient world (at least since Aristotle) until the 19th century, ''natural philosophy'' was the common term for the study of physics (nature), a broad term that included botany, zoology, anthropology, and chemistry as well as what is now called physics. It was in the 19th century that the concept of science received its modern shape, with different subjects within science emerging, such as astronomy, biology, and physics. Institutions and communities devoted to science were founded. Isaac Newton's book '' Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica'' (1687) (English: ''Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy'') reflects the use of the term ''natural philosophy'' in the 17th century. Even in the 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thomas Melvill
Thomas Melvill(e) (1726 – December 1753) was a Scottish natural philosopher, who was active in the fields of spectroscopy and astronomy. Biography The son of Helen Whytt and the Rev Andrew Melville, minister of Monimail (d. 29 July 1736), Melvill was a student at the University of Glasgow. In 1749, with Alexander Wilson, his landlord and later the first professor of astronomy at the University, they made the first recorded use of kites in meteorology. They measured air temperature at various levels above the ground simultaneously with a train of kites. He most notably delivered a lecture entitled ''Observations on light and colours'' to the Medical Society of Edinburgh in 1752, in which he described what has been seen as the first flame test. ; see pp. 33–36. In it he described how he had used a prism to observe a flame coloured by various salts. He reported that a yellow line was always seen at the same place in the spectrum; this was derived from the sodium whi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1797 In Science
The year 1797 in science and technology involved some significant events. Chemistry * Smithson Tennant demonstrates that diamond is a pure form of carbon. * Louis Nicolas Vauquelin discovers chromium. * Joseph Proust proposes the law of definite proportions, which states that elements always combine in small, whole number ratios to form compounds. Mathematics * Lagrange publishes his ''Théorie des fonctions analytiques''. Physics * Giovanni Battista Venturi describes the Venturi effect. Technology * October 22 – André-Jacques Garnerin carries out the first descent using a frameless parachute, a (3,200 feet) drop from a balloon in Paris. * English naval engineer Samuel Bentham applies for patents covering several machines to produce wood veneers; in his patent applications, he describes the concept of laminating several layers of veneer with glue to form a thicker piece – the first description of what in modern times becomes known as plywood. Zoology * Thomas Bewick p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geologist
A geologist is a scientist who studies the structure, composition, and History of Earth, history of Earth. Geologists incorporate techniques from physics, chemistry, biology, mathematics, and geography to perform research in the Field research, field and the laboratory. Geologists work in the Energy industry, energy and mining sectors to exploit Natural resource, natural resources. They monitor environmental hazards such as earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunamis and landslides. Geologists are also important contributors to climate change discussions. History James Hutton is often viewed as the first modern geologist. In 1785 he presented a paper entitled ''Theory of the Earth'' to the Royal Society of Edinburgh. In his paper, he explained his theory that the Earth must be much older than had previously been supposed to allow enough time for mountains to be eroded and for sediments to form new rocks at the bottom of the sea, which in turn were raised up to become dry land. Hutton pub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scottish People
Scottish people or Scots (; ) are an ethnic group and nation native to Scotland. Historically, they emerged in the Scotland in the Early Middle Ages, early Middle Ages from an amalgamation of two Celtic peoples, the Picts and Gaels, who founded the Kingdom of Scotland (or ''Kingdom of Alba, Alba'') in the 9th century. In the following two centuries, Celtic-speaking Hen Ogledd, Cumbrians of Kingdom of Strathclyde, Strathclyde and Germanic-speaking Anglo-Saxons, Angles of Northumbria became part of Scotland. In the Scotland in the High Middle Ages, High Middle Ages, during the 12th-century Davidian Revolution, small numbers of Normans, Norman nobles migrated to the Lowlands. In the 13th century, the Norse-Gaels of the Kingdom of the Isles, Western Isles became part of Scotland, followed by the Norsemen, Norse of the Northern Isles in the 15th century. In modern usage, "Scottish people" or "Scots" refers to anyone whose linguistic, cultural, family ancestral or genetic origin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James Hutton
James Hutton (; 3 June Old Style and New Style dates, O.S. 1726 – 26 March 1797) was a Scottish geologist, Agricultural science, agriculturalist, chemist, chemical manufacturer, Natural history, naturalist and physician. Often referred to as the "Father of Modern Geology," he played a key role in establishing geology as a modern science. Hutton advanced the idea that the physical world's history of Earth, remote history can be inferred from evidence in present-day rocks. Through his study of features in the landscape and coastlines of his native Scottish lowlands, such as Salisbury Crags or Siccar Point, he developed the theory that geological features could not be static but underwent continuing transformation over indefinitely long periods of time. From this he argued, in agreement with many other early geologists, that the Earth could not be young. He was one of the earliest proponents of what in the 1830s became known as uniformitarianism, the science which explains feat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
