|
1712 Births
In the Swedish calendar it began as a leap year starting on Monday and remained so until Thursday, February 29. By adding a second leap day, Friday, February 30, Sweden reverted to the Julian calendar and the rest of the year (from Saturday, March 1) was in sync with the Julian calendar. Sweden finally made the switch from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar in 1753. This year had 367 days. Events January–March * January 8 – Total eclipse of the sun visible from * January 12 – The premiere of the opera ''Idoménée'' by André Campra takes place at the Théâtre du Palais-Royal (rue Saint-Honoré), Théâtre du Palais-Royal in Paris. * January 16 – A military engineering school is established in Moscow which is to become the A.F. Mozhaysky Military-Space Academy. * January 26 – The Old Pummerin, a 18,161 kg bell newly installed in the Stephansdom, St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna, St. Stephen's Cathedral, in Vienna, is rung for the fir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Villars A Denain1
Villars may refer to: Places France *Villars, Dordogne *Villars, Eure-et-Loir *Villars, Loire *Villars, Vaucluse *Villars-les-Dombes, Ain *Villars-le-Sec, Territoire de Belfort Switzerland Canton of Jura * Villars-sur-Fontenais, Fontenais Canton of Fribourg *Villars-d'Avry in Pont-en-Ogoz *Villars-sous-Mont in Bas-Intyamon *Villars-sur-Glâne *Villars-sur-Marly, Pierrafortscha Canton of Vaud *Villars-sur-Ollon *Villars Bozon, L'Isle *Bougy-Villars *Lussery-Villars *Villars-Bramard *Villars-Burquin *Villars-Epeney *Villars-le-Comte *Villars-le-Grand *Villars-le-Terroir *Villars-Mendraz *Villars-Sainte-Croix *Villars-sous-Champvent *Villars-sous-Yens *Villars-Tiercelin People *Claude Louis Hector de Villars (1653–1734), Marshal of France *Dominique Villars (1745–1814), French botanist *Felix Villars (1921–2002), biophysicist Other uses *Villars Maître Chocolatier, a Swiss chocolate company See also {{disambiguation, geo, surname ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vienna
Vienna ( ; ; ) is the capital city, capital, List of largest cities in Austria, most populous city, and one of Federal states of Austria, nine federal states of Austria. It is Austria's primate city, with just over two million inhabitants. Its larger metropolitan area has a population of nearly 2.9 million, representing nearly one-third of the country's population. Vienna is the Culture of Austria, cultural, Economy of Austria, economic, and Politics of Austria, political center of the country, the List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, fifth-largest city by population in the European Union, and the most-populous of the List of cities and towns on the river Danube, cities on the river Danube. The city lies on the eastern edge of the Vienna Woods (''Wienerwald''), the northeasternmost foothills of the Alps, that separate Vienna from the more western parts of Austria, at the transition to the Pannonian Basin. It sits on the Danube, and is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santiago, Cape Verde
Santiago (Portuguese language, Portuguese for “James, son of Zebedee, Saint James”) is the largest island of Cape Verde, its most important agricultural centre and home to half the nation's population. Part of the Sotavento Islands, it lies between the islands of Maio, Cape Verde, Maio ( to the east) and Fogo, Cape Verde, Fogo ( to the west). It was the first of the islands to be settled: the town of Ribeira Grande (now Cidade Velha and a UNESCO World Heritage Site) was founded in 1462. Santiago is home to the nation's capital city of Praia. History The eastern side of the nearby island of Fogo, Cape Verde, Fogo collapsed into the ocean 73,000 years ago, creating a tsunami high which struck Santiago. In 1460, António de Noli became the first to visit the island. Da Noli settled at ''Ribeira Grande'' (now Cidade Velha) with his family members and Portuguese from Algarve and Alentejo in 1462. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacques Cassard
Jacques Cassard (30 September 1679 – 1740) was a French naval officer and privateer. Biography Born on 30 September 1679 to a family of merchants of Nantes, Cassard began a career as a sailor at age 14 on the merchantmen owned by his family. In January 1697, he joined the French Navy on bombship ''Éclatante''. In 1700, Cassard became a merchantman captain. The next year, the War of the Spanish Succession broke out, and Cassard converted to a privateer. In 1705, he captained the privateer ''Saint Guillaume'', capturing 12 merchantmen and raiding Cork. Two years later, he captured 13 merchantmen with the ''Duchesse Anne'', earning a rank in the Navy. In 1709, Cassard, promoted to Commander, was tasked to escort a 25-ship food convoy on the 68-gun ''Éclatant''. On 29 April, supported by ''Sérieux'', he defeated five English ships, allowing the convoy to safely reach Marseille. The next year, Cassard lead a squadron comprising the 74-gun ''Parfait'', the 58-gun ''S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Navy
The French Navy (, , ), informally (, ), is the Navy, maritime arm of the French Armed Forces and one of the four military service branches of History of France, France. It is among the largest and most powerful List of navies, naval forces in the world recognised as being a blue-water navy. The French Navy is capable of operating globally and conducting expeditionary missions, maintaining a significant Standing French Navy Deployments, overseas presence. The French Navy is one of eight naval forces currently operating Fixed-wing aircraft, fixed-wing aircraft carriers,Along with the United States Navy, U.S., Royal Navy, U.K., People's Liberation Army Navy, China, Russian Navy, Russia, Italian Navy, Italy, Indian Navy, India, and Spanish Navy, Spain with its flagship being the only Nuclear marine propulsion, nuclear-powered aircraft carrier outside the United States Navy, and one of two non-American vessels to use Aircraft catapult, catapults to launch aircraft. Founded in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cassard Expedition
The Cassard expedition was a sea voyage by French Navy captain Jacques Cassard in 1712, during the War of the Spanish Succession. Targeting English, Dutch, and Portuguese possessions, he raided and ransomed the colonies of Cape Verde, Sint Eustatius, and Curaçao—factories, depots, and seasoning camps used in the Atlantic slave trade. He also raided and ransomed Montserrat, Antigua, Surinam, Berbice, and Essequibo—wealthy sugar-producing colonies in the Caribbean whose economies were based on the exploitation of slave labor. In many of the places he landed, officials paid a ransom to avoid pillage; this was not always successful, as Cassard sometimes ignored the terms of the agreements he made. At the end of its expedition, Cassard's squadron returned to France with prizes in the form of cash, goods, and enslaved Africans worth between nine and ten million French livres. Cassard's exploits won him the Order of Saint Louis. Effects on the fortifications, enslaved popula ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Encomienda
The ''encomienda'' () was a Spanish Labour (human activity), labour system that rewarded Conquistador, conquerors with the labour of conquered non-Christian peoples. In theory, the conquerors provided the labourers with benefits, including military protection and education. In practice, the conquered were subject to conditions that closely resembled instances of forced labour and slavery. The ''encomienda'' was first established in Spain following the Christian Reconquista, and it was applied on a much larger scale during the Spanish colonization of the Americas and the Spanish East Indies. Conquered peoples were considered vassals of the Spanish monarch. The Crown awarded an ''encomienda'' as a grant to a particular individual. In the conquest era of the early sixteenth century, the grants were considered a monopoly on the labour of particular groups of indigenous peoples, held in perpetuity by the grant holder, called the ''encomendero''; starting from the New Laws of 1542, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chiloé Archipelago
The Chiloé Archipelago (, , ) is a group of islands lying off the coast of Chile, in the Los Lagos Region. It is separated from mainland Chile by the Chacao Channel in the north, the Sea of Chiloé in the east and the Gulf of Corcovado in the southeast. All islands except the Desertores Islands form Chiloé Province. The main island is Chiloé Island. Of roughly rectangular shape, the southwestern half of this island is a wilderness of contiguous forests, wetlands and, in some places, Chilean Coast Range, mountains. The landscape of the northeastern sectors of Chiloé Island and the islands to the east is dominated by rolling hills, with a mosaic of pastures, forests and cultivated fields. The archipelago is known within Chile for its distinctive folklore, chilote mythology, mythology, potatoes of Chiloé, potatoes, cuisine of Chiloé, cuisine and unique Chilotan architecture, architecture. The culture of Chiloé is the result of mixing of Huilliche people, Huilliche, Culture of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Huilliche People
The Huilliche (), Huiliche or Huilliche-Mapuche are the southern partiality of the Mapuche macroethnic group in Chile and Argentina. Located in the Zona Sur, they inhabit both Futahuillimapu ("great land of the south") and, as the Cunco or Veliche subgroup, the northern half of Chiloé Island. The Huilliche are the principal Indigenous people of those regions.Villalobos ''et al''. 1974, p. 49. According to Ricardo E. Latcham the term Huilliche started to be used in Spanish after the second founding of Valdivia in 1645, adopting the usage of the Mapuches of Araucanía for the southern Mapuche tribes. Huilliche means 'southerners' (Mapudungun ''willi'' 'south' and ''che'' 'people'.) A genetic study showed significant affinities between Huilliches and Indigenous peoples east of the Andes, which suggests but does not prove a partial origin in present-day Argentina. During the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries, the mainland Huilliche were generally successful at resisting Spanish e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Huilliche Uprising Of 1712
The Huilliche uprising of 1712 () was an Indigenous uprising against the Spanish ''encomenderos'' of the Chiloé Archipelago, which was then a part of the Captaincy General of Chile. The rebellion took place in the central part of the archipelago. Background Huilliches of Chiloé had previously taken action against their Spanish lords back in 1600, when a group helped the Dutch corsair Baltazar de Cordes attack the Spanish settlement of Castro. Unlike that of continental Chile, the Indigenous population of Chiloé grew from 1700 onwards. By 1712 Indigenous peoples made up around 50% of the population of the archipelago. The ''encomiendas'' of Chiloé were the largest of Chile and their administration of this form of forced labor more abusive than on the mainland. Moreover, the ''encomenderos'' did not fulfill their obligations, registering neither tribute nor salaries. ''Encomenderos'' often did not pay legal salaries or salaries at all and did not observe the "free time" of Ind ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
February 10
Events Pre-1600 * 1258 – The Siege of Baghdad ends with the surrender of the last Abbasid caliph to Hulegu Khan, a prince of the Mongol Empire. * 1306 – In front of the high altar of Greyfriars Church in Dumfries, Robert the Bruce murders John Comyn, sparking the revolution in the Wars of Scottish Independence. * 1355 – The St Scholastica Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead in two days. * 1502 – Vasco da Gama sets sail from Lisbon, Portugal, on his second voyage to India. * 1567 – Lord Darnley, second husband of Mary, Queen of Scots, is found strangled following an explosion at the Kirk o' Field house in Edinburgh, Scotland, a suspected assassination. 1601–1900 * 1712 – Huilliches in Chiloé rebel against Spanish encomenderos. * 1763 – French and Indian War: The Treaty of Paris ends the war and France cedes Quebec to Great Britain. * 1814 – Napoleonic Wars: The Ba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bell (instrument)
A bell /ˈbɛl/ () is a directly struck idiophone percussion instrument. Most bells have the shape of a hollow cup that when struck vibrates in a single strong strike tone, with its sides forming an efficient resonator. The strike may be made by an internal "clapper" or "uvula", an external hammer, or—in small bells—by a small loose sphere enclosed within the body of the bell ( jingle bell). Bells are usually cast from bell metal (a type of bronze) for its resonant properties, but can also be made from other hard materials. This depends on the function. Some small bells such as ornamental bells or cowbells can be made from cast or pressed metal, glass or ceramic, but large bells such as a church, clock and tower bells are normally cast from bell metal. Bells intended to be heard over a wide area can range from a single bell hung in a turret or bell-gable, to a musical ensemble such as an English ring of bells, a carillon or a Russian zvon which are tuned to a common ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
