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1685 In Science
The year 1685 in science and technology involved some significant events. Mathematics * Adam Adamandy Kochański publishes an approximation for squaring the circle. Physiology and medicine * Charles Allen publishes the first book in English on dentistry, The Operator for the Teeth'. * Govert Bidloo publishes an atlas of human anatomy, ''Ontleding des menschelyken lichaams'', with plates by Gerard de Lairesse. Technology * Menno van Coehoorn publishes his principal treatise on fortification, ''Nieuwe Vestingbouw op een natte of lage horisont'', in Leeuwarden. Births * August 18 – Brook Taylor, English mathematician (died 1731) * November 17 – Pierre Gaultier de Varennes et de la Vérendrye, French Canadian explorer (died 1749) Deaths * February 2 – Pierre Bourdelot, French physician, anatomist, freethinker, abbé and libertine (born 1610) * November 23 – Bernard de Gomme, military engineer in England (born 1620) * December 12 – John Pell, Englis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mathematician
A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems. Mathematicians are concerned with numbers, data, quantity, mathematical structure, structure, space, Mathematical model, models, and mathematics#Calculus and analysis, change. History One of the earliest known mathematicians was Thales of Miletus (); he has been hailed as the first true mathematician and the first known individual to whom a mathematical discovery has been attributed. He is credited with the first use of deductive reasoning applied to geometry, by deriving four corollaries to Thales's theorem. The number of known mathematicians grew when Pythagoras of Samos () established the Pythagorean school, whose doctrine it was that mathematics ruled the universe and whose motto was "All is number". It was the Pythagoreans who coined the term "mathematics", and with whom the study of mathematics for its own sake begins. The first woman math ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1685 In Science
The year 1685 in science and technology involved some significant events. Mathematics * Adam Adamandy Kochański publishes an approximation for squaring the circle. Physiology and medicine * Charles Allen publishes the first book in English on dentistry, The Operator for the Teeth'. * Govert Bidloo publishes an atlas of human anatomy, ''Ontleding des menschelyken lichaams'', with plates by Gerard de Lairesse. Technology * Menno van Coehoorn publishes his principal treatise on fortification, ''Nieuwe Vestingbouw op een natte of lage horisont'', in Leeuwarden. Births * August 18 – Brook Taylor, English mathematician (died 1731) * November 17 – Pierre Gaultier de Varennes et de la Vérendrye, French Canadian explorer (died 1749) Deaths * February 2 – Pierre Bourdelot, French physician, anatomist, freethinker, abbé and libertine (born 1610) * November 23 – Bernard de Gomme, military engineer in England (born 1620) * December 12 – John Pell, Englis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1611 In Science
The year 1611 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * February 27 – Sunspots are observed by telescope by Frisian astronomers Johannes Fabricius and David Fabricius and Johannes publishes the results of these observations in ''De Maculis in Sole observatis'' in Wittenberg later this year. Such early discoveries are overlooked however, and the first sighting is claimed a few months later by Galileo Galilei and Christoph Scheiner. Mathematics * Johannes Kepler produces Kepler's conjecture on sphere packing."On the six-cornered snowflake". Technology * Completion of Cordouan lighthouse on the Gironde estuary (designed by Louis de Foix), the first wave-swept light. Births * January 28 – Johannes Hevelius, German astronomer (died 1687) * March 1 – John Pell, English mathematician (died 1685) * Willem Piso, Dutch physician and naturalist (died 1678) * Georg Marcgrave, German naturalist, explorer of Brazil (died 1644) Deaths * August 9 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Pell (mathematician)
John Pell (1 March 1611 – 12 December 1685) was an English mathematician and political agent abroad. He was made Royal Chair of Mathematics at Orange College by the Prince of Orange, and was under the patronage of Sir Charles Cavendish. He was also a compeer and correspondent of René Descartes and Thomas Hobbes. Early life He was born at Southwick in West Sussex, England. His father, also named John Pell, was from Southwick, and his mother was Mary Holland, from Halden in Kent. The second of two sons, Pell's older brother was Thomas Pell. By the time he was six, they were orphans, their father dying in 1616 and their mother the following year. John Pell the elder had a fine library, which proved valuable to the young Pell as he grew up. He was educated at Steyning Grammar School and entered Trinity College, Cambridge, at the age of 13. During his university career he became an accomplished linguist; even before taking a B.A. degree in 1629, he corresponded with Henry B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1620 In Science
The year 1620 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * The work of Copernicus (died 1543) is edited and released, as directed by the Congregation of the Index (reading forbidden in March 1616): nine sentences, which state the heliocentric system as certain, are either omitted or changed. Cartography * The atlas ''Atlante geografico d'Italia'', compiled by Giovanni Antonio Magini, is published posthumously. Chemistry * The scientific method of reasoning is expounded by Francis Bacon in his ''Novum Organum''. Earth sciences * Francis Bacon notices the jigsaw fit of the opposite shores of the Atlantic Ocean. Medicine * Nicholas Habicot, surgeon to the Duke of Nemours, publishes a report of four successful " bronchotomies" which he has performed; these include the first recorded case of a tracheotomy for the removal of a thrombus and the first pediatric tracheotomy, to extract a foreign body from a 14-year-old's esophagus. Technology * May 17 � ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Engineer
Military engineering is loosely defined as the art, science, and practice of designing and building military works and maintaining lines of military transport and military communications. Military engineers are also responsible for logistics behind military tactics. Modern military engineering differs from civil engineering. In the 20th and 21st centuries, military engineering also includes CBRN defense and other engineering disciplines such as mechanical and electrical engineering techniques. According to NATO, "military engineering is that engineer activity undertaken, regardless of component or service, to shape the physical operating environment. Military engineering incorporates support to maneuver and to the force as a whole, including military engineering functions such as engineer support to force protection, counter improvised explosive devices, environmental protection, engineer intelligence and military search. Military engineering does not encompass the activities ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bernard De Gomme
Sir Bernard de Gomme (1620 – 23 November 1685) was a Dutch military engineer. By some he is considered the most important figure in 17th-century English military engineering. Early life De Gomme was born in Terneuzen, Zeeland as the son of Maria Huybrechts and Pieter de Gomme, who in 1631 was in charge of supplies at the Dutch fortresses of Lillo and Liefkenshoek on either side of the mouth of the Scheldt near Antwerp. In his youth he served in the campaigns of Frederick Henry, prince of Orange, for example in the Gennep campaign of 1641. He afterwards accompanied Prince Rupert to England, and was knighted by Charles I. He served with conspicuous ability in the royalist army as engineer and quartermaster-general from June 1642 to May 1646, leaving England after the 1646 defeats of the first English Civil War. His plan of the fortifications and castle of Liverpool, dated 1644, is preserved in the British Museum. Return to Netherlands In 1646, Gomme returned to the Netherlan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1610 In Science
The year 1610 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * January 7 – Galileo Galilei first observes the four large Galilean moons of Jupiter: Ganymede, Callisto, Europa and Io, although he is unable to distinguish the latter two until the following night. In the same year he publishes his first observations by telescope in a short treatise entitled ''Sidereus Nuncius'' ("Sidereal Messenger"). * December – English scientist Thomas Harriot becomes one of the first to view sunspots through a telescope * The Orion Nebula is discovered by Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc. Medicine * Diphtheria epidemic in Naples, during which Marco Aurelio Severino performs successful tracheotomies. Technology * Jean Beguin publishes '' Tyrocinium Chymicum'', the first book of chemistry lectures. * Tinsel is invented by a German silversmith, who uses real silver for the metal strands. * Bagels are created in Kraków, Poland and given as gifts to women after ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre Bourdelot
Pierre Michon Bourdelot (2 February 1610 in Sens – 9 February 1685) was a French physician, anatomist, libertine and freethinker. Life Bourdelot studied at the Sorbonne (1629) and travelled in 1634 to Rome in the company of count François de Noailles. In 1638 he came back to France and was appointed as the private doctor of the Condé family. In 1640 he founded the Académie Bourdelot, a circle for scientists, philosophers and authors, that came together twice a month. When his uncle died, he inherited a lot of books and manuscripts. When Louis II de Bourbon, prince de Condé, because of actions during the Fronde against Absolutism, was captured by Mazarin, he took off; in 1652 he was in Stockholm. Bourdelot took many manuscripts with him as a present. He had a lot of influence on her with his jokes and poems by Pietro Aretino. Within four weeks she seems to have been recovered and enjoying life. Magnus Gabriel de la Gardie and Christina's mother Maria Eleonora of Brandenb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1749 In Science
The year 1749 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * Pierre Bouguer publishes La figure de la terre' in Paris, describing some of the results of his work with Charles Marie de La Condamine on the French Geodesic Mission to Peru (begun in 1735) to measure a degree of the meridian arc near the equator. Biology * Georges-Louis Leclerc, ''afterwards'' Comte du Buffon, begins publication of his . Mathematics * April 12 – Euler produces the first proof of Fermat's theorem on sums of two squares, based on infinite descent. Institutions * April 12 – Official opening of the Radcliffe Library in Oxford, built under the will of the physician John Radcliffe (died 1714) (although it does not become a primarily science library until 1810). * Pehr Wilhelm Wargentin appointed Secretary of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in Stockholm, a position he will hold until his death in 1783. Awards * Copley Medal: John Harrison Births * February 4 – T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Explorer
Exploration is the process of exploring, an activity which has some Expectation (epistemic), expectation of Discovery (observation), discovery. Organised exploration is largely a human activity, but exploratory activity is common to most organisms capable of directed Animal locomotion, locomotion and the ability to learn, and has been described in, amongst others, social insects foraging behaviour, where feedback from returning individuals affects the activity of other members of the group. Types Geographical Geographical exploration, sometimes considered the default meaning for the more general term exploration, is the practice of discovering lands and regions of the planet Earth remote or relatively inaccessible from the origin of the explorer. The surface of the Earth not covered by water has been relatively comprehensively explored, as access is generally relatively straightforward, but underwater and subterranean areas are far less known, and even at the surface, much is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
