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1435
Year 1435 ( MCDXXXV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 1435th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 435th year of the 2nd millennium, the 35th year of the 15th century, and the 6th year of the 1430s decade. Events January–March * January 11 – Sweden's first Riksdag of the Estates is summoned under rebel leader Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson, who is elected ''rikshövitsman'' (military commander of the realm), in the absence of a king, on January 13. * January 13 – ''Sicut Dudum'', a papal bull forbidding the enslavement of the Guanche natives in Canary Islands by the Spanish, is promulgated by Pope Eugene IV. * January 31 – China's Emperor Xuanzong dies after a nine-year reign, leaving a question of whether his younger brother Zhu Zhanshan, or his 7-year-old son, Crown Prince Zhu Qizhen, should be the successor. * February 2 – The Kingdom of Naples passes to René of Anjou. * Febr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xuande Emperor
The Xuande Emperor (16 March 1399 31 January 1435), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Xuanzong of Ming, personal name Zhu Zhanji, was the fifth emperor of the Ming dynasty, reigning from 1425 to 1435. He was the son and successor of the Hongxi Emperor. The Xuande Emperor ascended to the throne following his father's brief reign. He had a passion for poetry and literature, and was also known for his skill in painting and warfare. Upon taking power, he made the decision to reverse his father's plan to relocate the capital from Beijing to Nanjing. His uncle Zhu Gaoxu rebelled against the young emperor but was ultimately unsuccessful. With the guidance of capable advisors, the Xuande Emperor personally led his army against his uncle and easily defeated him. Early in the Xuande Emperor's reign, a prolonged war in Jiaozhi (present-day northern Vietnam) ended with Ming defeat and the Viet's independence. Relations with Southeast Asian nations stayed peaceful. Communication ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emperor Yingzong Of Ming
, succession = Emperor of the Ming dynasty , reign-type = First reign , reign = 31 January 1435 – 22 September 1449 , coronation = 7 February 1435 , cor-type = Enthronement , regent = , reg-type = Regents , predecessor = Xuande Emperor , successor = Jingtai Emperor , reign-type1 = Second reign , reign1 = 11 February 1457 – 23 February 1464 , predecessor1 = Jingtai Emperor , successor1 = Chenghua Emperor , succession2 = Emperor Emeritus of the Ming dynasty , reign2 = 22 September 1449 – 11 February 1457 , reign-type2 = Tenure , predecessor2 = , successor2 = , succession3 = Crown Prince of the Ming dynasty , reign3 = 1428–1435 , reign-type3 = Tenure , predecessor3 = Crown Prince Zhu Zhanji , successor3 = Crown Prince Zhu Jianshen , era dates = Zhengtong: 18 January 1436 – 13 January 1450Tianshun: 15 February 1457 – 26 January 1465 , temple name = Yingzong , posthumous ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Empress Zhang (Hongxi)
Empress Chengxiaozhao (誠孝昭皇后; 1379 – 20 November 1442), of the Zhang clan, was a Chinese empress consort of the Ming dynasty, married to the fourth Ming ruler, the Hongxi Emperor (Zhu Gaochi 1378–1425). He only ruled for one year, so she then served as Empress dowager after the accession of her son the Xuande Emperor. She later served as the Regent of China during the minority of the reign of her grandson, Emperor Yingzong of Ming, from 1435 until 1442. Early life Zhang was from Northern Shanxi, a peasant background, the daughter of Zhang Qi (張麒) and Lady Tong (仝氏). She had two brothers, Zang Chang (1374–1428), who was a distinguished General, and Zang Sheng (1379–1444), who rose to the rank of commander-in-chief (''dudu tongzhi''). Both brothers were enfeoffed as earls. She became the first spouse of the future Hongxi Emperor in 1395 or 1396. On her marriage, her father was posthumously enfeoffed as Marquis of Pengcheng (彭城侯). She gave birt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sandalj Hranić
Sandalj Hranić Kosača ( cyrl, Сандаљ Хранић Косача; 1370 – 15 March 1435) was a powerful Bosnian nobleman whose primary possessions consisted of Hum, land areas between Adriatic coast, the Neretva and the Drina rivers in Bosnia, and served the court as the ''Grand Duke of Bosnia'' sometime between 1392 and his death in 1435, although the first mention as a Grand Duke in sources comes from 16 June 1404. He was married three times, but had no children. After his death, he was succeeded by his nephew Stjepan Vukčić Kosača. His father was Hrana Vuković. Rise of Sandalj As the head of the House of Kosača, Sandalj Hranić succeeded his uncle Vlatko Vuković in 1392. In 1403, Radič Sanković led the attacks on Dubrovnik during the Bosnian-Ragusan War in the name of King Stephen Ostoja. Sandalj Hranić captured and blinded Radič, and held him in prison until his death in 1404. When King Ladislaus of Naples sold his rights to the kingdom of Da ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sicut Dudum
(from Latin: "Just as Long Ago") was a papal bull promulgated by Pope Eugene IV in Florence on January 13, 1435, which forbade the enslavement of Guanches, the Indigenous Guanches people of the Canary Islands who had Conversion to Christianity, converted, or were converting to, Christianity and ordered, under pain of excommunication, that all such slaves be set free within 15 days. The bull is also known as ''Creator Omnium'' with the date of 17 December 1434. ''Sicut dudum'' is the incipit of the third paragraph of ''Creator Omnium'', echoing the abbreviated version reported by Cardinal Caesar Baronius, Cesare Baronius in his ''Annales Ecclesiastici''. Background Christianity had gained many converts in the Canary Islands by the early 1430s. The ownership of the lands had been the subject of dispute between Portugal and the Kingdom of Castille. The lack of effective control had resulted in periodic raids on the islands to procure slaves. Acting on a complaint by Fernando Ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stjepan Vukčić Kosača
Stjepan Vukčić Kosača (1404–1466) was a powerful Bosnian Nobility, nobleman who was politically active from 1435 to 1466; the last three decades of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Middle Ages, Bosnian medieval history. During this period, three List of rulers of Bosnia#Kings and queen (1377–1463), kings acceded to the Bosnian throne: Tvrtko II, Thomas of Bosnia, Thomas ''(Tomaš)'', Stephen Tomašević ''(Stjepan Tomašević)'' and anti-king Radivoj of Bosnia, Radivoj—the older brother of King Thomas—before the country was Ottoman conquest of Bosnia and Herzegovina, conquered by the Ottomans. Stjepan, a son of the Knez (title), ''Knez'' of Drina, Vukac Hranić, and Katarina, whose ancestry is unknown, was probably born in 1404. Stjepan's father held hereditary lands in the Upper Drina region. Stjepan was a member of the Kosača noble family and became its chieftain in 1435 when he succeeded his uncle, Duke Sandalj Hranić Kosača, Sandalj, as Duke of Hum (zemlja ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
René Of Anjou
René of Anjou (; ; 16 January 1409 – 10 July 1480) was Duke of Anjou and Count of Provence from 1434 to 1480, who also reigned as King of Naples from 1435 to 1442 (then Aragonese conquest of Naples, deposed). Having spent his last years in Aix-en-Provence, he is known in France as the Good King René (; ). René was a member of the House of Valois-Anjou, a cadet branch of the French royal house, and the great-grandson of John II of France. He was a prince of the blood, and for most of his adult life also the brother-in-law of the reigning king Charles VII of France. Other than the aforementioned titles, he was also Duke of Bar from the 1420s onwards and Duke of Lorraine from 1431 to 1453. Biography René was born on 16 January 1409 in the castle of Angers. He was the second son of Duke of Anjou, Duke Louis II of Anjou, Louis II of Duchy of Anjou, Anjou, King of Naples, by Yolande of Aragon, Yolanda of Kingdom of Aragon, Aragon. René was the brother of Marie of Anjou, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jingtai Emperor
The Jingtai Emperor (21 September 1428 – 14 March 1457), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Daizong of Ming and by his posthumous name as the Emperor Jing of Ming, personal name Zhu Qiyu, was the seventh List of emperors of the Ming dynasty, emperor of the Ming dynasty, reigning from 1449 to 1457. He succeeded his elder brother, Emperor Yingzong of Ming, Emperor Yingzong, who had been captured by the Mongols. He was overthrown in a palace coup led by Emperor Yingzong in February 1457 and died a month later. In 1449, Emperor Yingzong, upon the suggestion of eunuch Wang Zhen (eunuch), Wang Zhen, personally led the army to battle against the Mongolian army of Esen Taishi. However, in the Battle of Tumu Fortress, the Ming army was defeated and the emperor was taken captive. This event caused shock and concern throughout the government and the country. In response, the court eventually elevated the emperor's brother, Zhu Qiyu—who had taken charge of government affairs du ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Eugene IV
Pope Eugene IV (; ; 1383 – 23 February 1447), born Gabriele Condulmer, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 11 March 1431 to his death, in February 1447. Condulmer was a Republic of Venice, Venetian, and a nephew of Pope Gregory XII. In 1431, he was elected pope. His tenure was marked by conflict first with the Colonna family, Colonna, relatives of his predecessor Pope Martin V, and later with the Conciliarism, Conciliar movement. In 1434, due to a complaint by Fernando Calvetos, bishop of the Canary Islands, Eugene IV issued the bull "Creator Omnium", rescinding any recognition of Kingdom of Portugal, Portugal's right to conquer those islands, rescinding any right to Christianize the natives of the island. He Excommunication, excommunicated anyone who enslaved newly Conversion to Christianity, converted Christians, the penalty to stand until the captives were restored to their liberty and possessions. In 1442, he promulgated the bull ''Dudum ad n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Naples
The Kingdom of Naples (; ; ), officially the Kingdom of Sicily, was a state that ruled the part of the Italian Peninsula south of the Papal States between 1282 and 1816. It was established by the War of the Sicilian Vespers (1282–1302). Until then, the island of Sicily and southern Italy had constituted the "Kingdom of Sicily". When the island of Sicily revolted and was conquered by the Crown of Aragon, it become a separate kingdom also called the Kingdom of Sicily. This left the Neapolitan mainland in the possession of Charles of Anjou who continued to use the name "Kingdom of Sicily". Later, two competing lines of the Angevin family competed for the Kingdom of Naples in the late 14th century, which resulted in the murder of Joanna I at the hands of her successor, Charles III of Naples. Charles' daughter Joanna II adopted King Alfonso V of Aragon as heir, who would then unite Naples into his Aragonese dominions in 1442. As part of the Italian Wars, France briefly r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Grand Dukes Of Bosnia ...
The title ''Grand Duke of Bosnia'' was a court title in the Kingdom of Bosnia, bestowed by the King to highest military commanders. It was usually reserved for the most influential and capable members of the highest Bosnian nobility. To interpret it as an office rather than merely a court rank could be more accurate. Grand Dukes of Bosnia See also * List of dukes of Bosnia * List of rulers of Bosnia * List of Bosnian consorts References {{Reflist * * g Bosnia Bosnia and Herzegovina, sometimes known as Bosnia-Herzegovina and informally as Bosnia, is a country in Southeast Europe. Situated on the Balkans, Balkan Peninsula, it borders Serbia to the east, Montenegro to the southeast, and Croatia to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
