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14-XS
14-XS was an ''Operação Cruzeiro'' mission conducted by the Brazilian Air Force at the Alcantara Launch Center on December 14, 2021. Mission The flight was a test to demonstrate scramjet technology. The device was launched by a Hypersonic Accelerator Vehicle (based on the VSB-30 rocket) and accelerated to Mach 6 to an altitude of 30 kilometers, from where it continued until it reached a suborbital apogee at an altitude of 160 kilometers and 200 kilometers down range from the launch site, impacting at the Atlantic Ocean. The model tested combustion in a hypersonic environment and Mach 6 speed was reached at 50 km. Both the Alcântara Launch Center and the Barreira do Inferno Launch Center acted as tracking stations. The vehicle was the first with a scramjet engine built in Brazil and reached up to 5,000 hp. The vehicle was built by Orbital Engenharia. Both the rocket and the 14-X were built in São José dos Campos. The engine has been under development since 2008, with the goa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
14-X
The 14-X is a Brazilian scramjet engine in development by the Aerothermodynamics and Hypersonics Laboratory Henry T. Nagamatsu of the Institute of Advanced Studies (IEAv) of the Department of Aerospace Science and Technology as part of the ''PropHiper'' (Portuguese: ''Projeto de Propulsão Hipersônica 14-X''). The name is a reference to the 14-bis, of the Brazilian inventor and aviation pioneer Alberto Santos-Dumont. The Brazilian Air Force conducted the first 14-X#Project details, qualification test flight of the 14-X engine on 14 December 2021 from the Alcântara Space Center. Development Brazil conducts studies in the field of aspirated hypersonics since 1990s, but a development plan was conceived only in 2007, through the ''PropHiper'' project, made official by the Air Force in 2008, when the engineer-captain of the Brazilian Air Force, Tiago Cavalcanti Rolim, started a master's degree at the Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (ITA) and was approved with a thesis on the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alcântara Space Center
The Alcântara Space Center (, CEA), former known as ''Alcântara Launch Center'' (,) is a space center and launching facility of the Brazilian Space Agency in the city of Alcântara, Maranhão, Alcântara, located on Brazil's northern Atlantic coast, in the state of Maranhão.Brazil, Ukraine to launch rocket together in 2010 UNIAN (December 3, 2009) It is operated by the Brazilian Air Force (). The CEA is the closest launching base to the equator. This gives the launch site a significant advantage in launching geosynchronous satellites, an attribute shared by the Guiana Space Centre. Construction of the base began in 1982. The first launch occurred on February 21, 1990, when the sounding rocket Sonda 2 XV-53 was launched. On August 22, 2003, the Brazilian rocket explosion, explosion of the third ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sub-orbital Spaceflight
A sub-orbital spaceflight is a spaceflight in which the spacecraft reaches outer space, but its trajectory intersects the surface of the primary (astronomy), gravitating body from which it was launched. Hence, it will not complete one orbital revolution, will not become an artificial satellite nor will it reach escape velocity. For example, the path of an object launched from Earth that reaches the Kármán line (about – above sea level), and then falls back to Earth, is considered a sub-orbital spaceflight. Some sub-orbital flights have been undertaken to test spacecraft and launch vehicles later intended for orbital spaceflight. Other vehicles are specifically designed only for sub-orbital flight; examples include crewed vehicles, such as the North American X-15, X-15 and SpaceShipTwo, and uncrewed ones, such as intercontinental ballistic missile, ICBMs and sounding rockets. Flights which attain sufficient velocity to go into low Earth orbit, and then de-orbit before com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazilian Air Force
The Brazilian Air Force (, FAB) is the air branch of the Brazilian Armed Forces and one of the three national uniformed services. The FAB was formed when the Brazilian Brazilian Army Aviation (1919–1941), Army and Brazilian Naval Aviation, Navy air branches were merged into a single military force initially called "National Air Forces" in 1941. Both air branches transferred their equipment, installations and personnel to the new force. According to Flight International (Flightglobal.com) and the International Institute for Strategic Studies, the Brazilian Air Force has an active strength of 80,937 military personnel and operates around 578 aircraft. The Brazilian Air Force is the largest air force in the Southern Hemisphere. History Contestado Campaign The Contestado War was the first conflict in which Brazilian military aviation was employed. On September 19, 1914, taking advantage of a special train driving troops, three aircraft were boarded: a Morane-Saulnier biplane, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
VSB-30
VSB-30 - "''Veículo de Sondagem Booster – 30"'' (Booster Sounding Vehicle) or "''Foguete Suborbital VSB-30"'' is the designation of a Brazilian sounding rocket, which replaced the Skylark (rocket), Skylark rocket at Esrange. The VSB-30 is based on the VS-30 rocket (S-30 engine) with the addition of a booster stage (S-31 engine). Development started in 2000 in cooperation with German Aerospace Center, DLR. The rocket can carry a payload of 400 kg to an altitude of 270 km. It has a liftoff thrust of 240 kN and a total mass of 2570 kg. It has a diameter of 0.56 m and a length of 12.6 m. VSB-30 was first launched on October 23, 2004, at Alcântara Launch Center. The first launch at Esrange took place on December 1, 2005. Flights VSB-30 performed the following flights: Characteristics VSB-30 has the following configuration: *Length (mm): 12600 *Stages: 2 *Payload Mass (kg): 400 *Diameter (mm): 570 *Total takeoff mass (kg): 2570 *Apogee (Max km): 270 Stages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alcantara Launch Center
Alcantara, Alcântara ( Portuguese), Alcántara (Spanish), Alcàntara, Alcàntera, El-Qantarah and (El) Kantara are all transliterations of the Arabic word ''al-qantara'' (القنطرة), meaning "the bridge". Alcantara may refer to: People * Alcantara (surname) Places Algeria * El Kantara, town and commune in Biskra province * El Kantara District, in Biskra province Brazil * Alcântara, Maranhão, city in the state of Maranhão ** Alcântara Launch Center, Maranhão, satellite launch center * Alcântara River, Rio de Janeiro state * Barra d'Alcântara, municipality in the state of Piauí * Dom Pedro de Alcântara, municipality in the state Rio Grande do Sul * São Pedro de Alcântara, Santa Catarina, municipality Chile * The area near Alcántara metro station in northeastern Santiago Cyprus * Kantara Castle, in the Kyrenia mountains Egypt * El-Qantarah el-Sharqiyya, city in the governorate of Shamal Sina, on the eastern side of the Suez Canal Italy * Alcantara (ri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scramjet
A scramjet (supersonic combustion ramjet) is a variant of a ramjet airbreathing jet engine in which combustion takes place in supersonic airflow. As in ramjets, a scramjet relies on high vehicle speed to compress the incoming air forcefully before combustion (hence ''ram''jet), but whereas a ramjet decelerates the air to speed of sound, subsonic velocities before combustion using shock cones, a scramjet has no shock cone and slows the airflow using shockwaves produced by its ignition source in place of a shock cone. This allows the scramjet to operate efficiently at extremely high speeds. Although scramjet engines have been used in a handful of operational military vehicles, scramjets have so far mostly been demonstrated in research test articles and experimental vehicles. History Before 2000 The Bell X-1 attained Supersonic speed#Supersonic flight, supersonic flight in 1947 and, by the early 1960s, rapid progress toward faster aircraft suggested that operational aircraft wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barreira Do Inferno Launch Center
The Barreira do Inferno Launch Center (, ) is a Spaceport, rocket launch base of the Brazilian Space Agency. It was created in 1965, and is located near Ponta Negra beach, near Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, the capital of the state of Rio Grande do Norte. It has been used for 233 launches from 1965 to 2007, reaching up to 1100 kilometers in altitude. It provides Radar tracker, tracking support for launches from the Alcântara Launch Center and Guiana Space Centre. Launches The following rockets have been launched from CLBI: *Loki-Dart Sounding Rocket, Loki-Dart *Nike-Cajun *Orion (rocket), Orion *Nike-Apache *Aerobee 150 *Argo D-4 Javelin, Javelin *Nike-Tomahawk *Black Brant (rocket)#Black Brant IV, Black Brant 4A *Nike-Iroquois *Boosted Dart *ARCAS#Super Arcas, Super Arcas *Rocketsonde *Black Brant (rocket)#Black Brant V, Black Brant 5C *Black Brant (rocket)#Black Brant IV, Black Brant 4B *Paiute Tomahawk *PESL *Castor Lance *Black Brant (rocket)#Black Brant VIII, Black Br ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
São José Dos Campos
São José dos Campos (, meaning Saint Joseph of the Fields) is a major city and the seat of the Municipalities of Brazil, municipality of the same name in the state of São Paulo (state), São Paulo, Brazil. One of the leading industrial and research centers with emphasis in aerospace sciences in Latin America, the city is located in the Paraíba Valley, between the two most active production and consumption regions in the country; São Paulo ( from the city) and Rio de Janeiro (). It is the main city of the Metropolitan Region of Vale do Paraíba e Litoral Norte. A native of São José dos Campos is called a ''joseense'' (). Being the second most populous non-capital city in Brazil – behind Campinas – São José dos Campos lies in the middle of the Expanded Metropolitan Complex ("Complexo Metropolitano Expandido"), the first megalopolis in the Southern Hemisphere, with over thirty million inhabitants. The city's metro area also includes Greater São Paulo, Campinas, Santos, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazilian Space Program
The Brazilian space program is the rocketry and space exploration programs conducted by Brazil from 1961, under GOCNAE (Group for the Organization of the National Commission on Space Activities) until the creation of the Brazilian Space Agency in 1994. It has significant capabilities in launch vehicles, launch sites, and satellite manufacturing. It is based at the National Institute for Space Research (INPE), under the Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT). Upon its founding the program was under complete military control, which hindered its development, as other countries (such as the United States) blocked technological development due to concerns over missile proliferation. In 1994, the space program was transferred to civilian control under the Brazilian Space Agency. History Since 1964, in an attempt to build a satellite launch vehicle ( ''Veículo Lançador de Satélite--VLS''), Brazil has developed a series of sounding (research) rockets, named Sonda I, II, III, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2021 In Spaceflight
The year 2021 broke the record for the most orbital launch attempts till then (146) and most humans in space concurrently (19) despite the effects of COVID-19 pandemic. Overview Astronomy and astrophysics The IXPE telescope was launched on a Falcon 9 on 9 December 2021. The long-delayed James Webb Space Telescope, the largest optical space telescope ever built, was launched to the Sun–Earth point by a European Ariane 5 rocket on 25 December 2021. Planetary science Spacecraft from three Mars exploration programs from the United Arab Emirates, China, and the United States (Hope, Tianwen-1, and Mars 2020) arrived at Mars in February. The '' Perseverance'' rover landed on 18 February. As part of the Mars 2020 mission, the '' Ingenuity'' solar-powered drone performed the first powered aircraft flight on another planet in human history. It has a communications link with the ''Perseverance'' rover and used autonomous control during its short scripted flights. The ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
December 2021 In Brazil
December is the twelfth and final month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. December's name derives from the Latin word ''decem'' (meaning ten) because it was originally the tenth month of the year in the calendar of Romulus , which began in March. The winter days following December were not included as part of any month. Later, the months of January and February were created out of the monthless period and added to the beginning of the calendar, but December retained its name.Macrobius, ''Saturnalia'', tr. Percival Vaughan Davies (New York: Columbia University Press, 1969), book I, chapters 12–13, pp. 89–95. In Ancient Rome, as one of the four Agonalia, this day in honour of Sol Indiges was held on December 11, as was Septimontium. Dies natalis (birthday) was held at the temple of Tellus on December 13, Consualia was held on December 15, Saturnalia was held December 17–23, Opiconsivia was held on December 19, Divalia was held on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
