|
1331 Deaths
Year 1331 ( MCCCXXXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. Events September–December * September 8 – Stefan Dušan declares himself king of Serbia. * September 27 – Battle of Płowce: The German Teutonic Knights and the Poles battle to a draw. Date unknown * The Sieges of Cividale del Friuli and Alicante begin. * The Genkō War begins in Japan. * Ibn Battuta visits Kilwa. * The first recorded outbreak of the Black Death occurs, in the Chinese province of Hubei. Births * February 16 – Coluccio Salutati, Florentine political leader (d. 1406) * April 14 – Jeanne-Marie de Maille, French Roman Catholic saint (b. 1414) * April 30 – Gaston III, Count of Foix (d. 1391) * October 4 – James Butler, 2nd Earl of Ormonde (d. 1382) * ''date unknown'' ** Hamidüddin Aksarayî, Ottoman teacher of Islam (d. 1412) ** Blanche d'Évreux, queen consort of France (d. 1398) ** Michael Palaiologos, B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Numerals
Roman numerals are a numeral system that originated in ancient Rome and remained the usual way of writing numbers throughout Europe well into the Late Middle Ages. Numbers are written with combinations of letters from the Latin alphabet, each with a fixed integer value. The modern style uses only these seven: The use of Roman numerals continued long after the Fall of the Western Roman Empire, decline of the Roman Empire. From the 14th century on, Roman numerals began to be replaced by Arabic numerals; however, this process was gradual, and the use of Roman numerals persisted in various places, including on clock face, clock faces. For instance, on the clock of Big Ben (designed in 1852), the hours from 1 to 12 are written as: The notations and can be read as "one less than five" (4) and "one less than ten" (9), although there is a tradition favouring the representation of "4" as "" on Roman numeral clocks. Other common uses include year numbers on monuments and buildin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coluccio Salutati
Coluccio Salutati (16 February 1331 – 4 May 1406) was an Italian Renaissance humanist and notary, and one of the most important political and cultural leaders of Renaissance The Renaissance ( , ) is a Periodization, period of history and a European cultural movement covering the 15th and 16th centuries. It marked the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity and was characterized by an effort to revive and sur ... Republic of Florence, Florence; as chancellor of the Florentine Republic and its most prominent voice, he was effectively the permanent secretary of state in the generation before the rise of the powerful House of Medici, Medici family. Early career Salutati was born in Stignano, a tiny commune near Buggiano (today's province of Pistoia, Tuscany). After studies in Bologna, where his father lived in exile after a Ghibelline coup in Buggiano, the family returned to Buggiano, which had become more securely part of the Republic of Florence. There he worked as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blanche D'Évreux
Blanche of Navarre (; 1331 – 5 October 1398) was a Navarrese infanta who was briefly Queen of France as the second wife of King Philip VI from 29 January until 22 August 1350. Blanche d'Évreux was intended to become the bride of John, Duke of Normandy, heir of the throne of France — whose first wife had just died of the Black Death— but eventually married his father, King Philip. Only a few months after their wedding, Philip died prematurely and Blanche found herself a widow. After giving birth in 1351 to a posthumous daughter, Blanche refused to remarry King Peter of Castile and retired to the large dower lands that were granted by her late husband. Despite her widowhood, she played an essential role in 1354 by attempting to reconcile her brother Charles II of Navarre with John II of France. In 1389, she organized the coronation of Isabeau of Bavaria, the wife of King Charles VI of France. Life Born around 1331, Blanche was the third daughter of King Philip III ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1412
Year 1412 (Roman numerals, MCDXII) was a leap year starting on Friday on the Julian calendar. Events January–March * January 16 – The Medici Family are made official bankers of the Papacy. * January 25 – Ernest, Duke of Austria, marries Cymburgis of Masovia. * January 29 – The "Mining Code" (Zakon o Rudnishma) is enacted in Serbian Despotate, Serbia by the Despot Stefan Lazarević to regulate the extraction of minerals. * February 15 – The Compromise of Caspe#Conflicts and deliberations, Alcañiz Concord is reached in the Spanish Aragonese city of Alcañiz to have a group of nine delegates choose an undisputed King of Aragon. * February 27 – Battle of Morvedre: In the Spanish Kingdom of Valencia, supporters of Ferdinand I of Aragon, Ferdinand of Antequera defeat those of James II, Count of Urgell. * February 28 – The University of St Andrews in Scotland is granted a charter of privilege by the local bishop. * March 29 – Comp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hamidüddin Aksarayî
Shaykh Hamid-i Vali () (1331–1412), better known by his sobriquet Somunju Baba (), was an ascetic teacher of Islam in Bursa, Turkey, who exerted extensive influence and is known as a Muslim saint. He was born in Kayseri and died in Aksaray. He taught at the Ulu Camii (The Great Mosque) where he was installed by Sultan Bayezid I after it was completed. Somunju Baba's students included Molla Fenari and Hacı Bayram-ı Veli. Biography Somunju Baba is one of the virtuous men who came to Anatolia for spiritual conquest, he was also a descendant of Islamic prophet Muhammad After receiving an education in cities which are the center of knowledge like Şam, Tabriz, Erdebil, he settled in Bursa for his guidance and duty. He taught at the Bursa Grand Mosque where he was installed by Sultan Bayezid I after it was completed. For hiding his spiritual side, he baked bread and sold them so he was known as Somunju Baba. He became known after he had translated the sura of Al-Fatiha, in se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1382
Year 1382 ( MCCCLXXXII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * January 20 – Princess Anne of Bohemia, a daughter of the late Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, becomes the Queen Consort of England by marrying King Richard II; the marriage produces no heirs before her death in 1395. * May 12 – Charles of Durazzo executes the imprisoned Joanna I of Naples, and succeeds her as Charles III of Naples. * May 21 – John Wycliffe's teachings are condemned by the Synod of London, which becomes known as the " Earthquake Synod", after its meetings are disrupted by an earthquake. * August – The iconic painting the Black Madonna of Częstochowa is brought from Jerusalem, to the Jasna Góra Monastery in Poland. * September – Following the death of Louis I of Hungary and Poland: ** Louis' daughter Mary is crowned the "King" of Hungary. ** The Poles, who do not wish to be ruled by Mary's fiancee, the fut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James Butler, 2nd Earl Of Ormonde
James Butler, 2nd Earl of Ormond (4 October 133118 October 1382) was a noble in the Peerage of Ireland. He was Lord Justice of Ireland in 1359, 1364, and 1376, and a dominant political leader in Ireland in the 1360s and 1370s. The son of James Butler, 1st Earl of Ormond and Lady Eleanor de Bohun, James was born at Kilkenny Castle and given in ward on 1 September 1344 to Maurice FitzGerald, 1st Earl of Desmond for the fine of 2,306 marks; and afterwards to Sir John Darcy who married him to his daughter Elizabeth. He was usually called The Noble Earl, being a great-grandson, through his mother, of King Edward I of England. He died at Knocktopher Castle in Kilkenny, Leinster, Ireland. Career In 1362, he slew 600 of Mac Murrough's followers at Teigstaffen (County Kilkenny). On 22 April 1364, was appointed Lord Deputy of Ireland to Lionel of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence: Clarence, from his first arrival in Ireland, placed great trust in him, and for a few years it seems that as Deputy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
October 4
Events Pre-1600 *AD 23 – Rebels sack the Chinese capital Chang'an during a peasant rebellion. * 1209 – Otto IV is crowned Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire by Pope Innocent III. * 1302 – The Byzantine–Venetian War comes to an end. * 1363 – Battle of Lake Poyang: In one of the largest naval battles in history, Zhu Yuanzhang's rebels defeat rival Chen Youliang. * 1511 – Formation of the Holy League of Aragon, the Papal States and Venice against France. * 1535 – The Coverdale Bible is printed, with translations into English by William Tyndale and Myles Coverdale. * 1582 – The Gregorian Calendar is introduced by Pope Gregory XIII. * 1597 – Governor Gonzalo Méndez de Canço begins to suppress a native uprising against his rule in what is now the US state of Georgia. 1601–1900 * 1602 – Eighty Years' War and the Anglo-Spanish War: A fleet of Spanish galleys are defeated by English and Dutch galleons in the English Chan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1391
Year 1391 ( MCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * June 6 – Massacre of 1391: Anti-Jewish pogroms erupt in Seville, Spain. Many thousands of Jews are massacred, and the violence spreads throughout Spain and Portugal, especially to Toledo, Barcelona and Mallorca. This event marks a turning-point in the history of the Spanish Jews, with most of the survivors leaving the Iberian Peninsula or being forced to convert. * July 18 – Tokhtamysh–Timur war – Battle of the Kondurcha River: Timur defeats Tokhtamysh of the Golden Horde, in present day southeast Russia. Date unknown * Manuel II Palaiologos becomes Byzantine emperor after his father, John V Palaiologos, dies of a nervous breakdown, due to his continued humiliation by the Ottoman Empire. * Yusuf II succeeds Muhammed V, as Nasrid Sultan of Granada (now southern Spain). * Stephen Dabiša succeeds Stephen Tvrtko I, as King of Bosnia. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaston III, Count Of Foix
Gaston III, known as Gaston Phoebus or Fébus (30 April 1331 – 1 August 1391), was the eleventh Count of Foix (as Gaston III) and twenty-fourth Viscount of Béarn (as Gaston X) from 1343 until his death. Due to his ancestral inheritance, Gaston III was overlord of about ten territories located between the and Languedoc. He took advantage of the Hundred Years' War to establish his domination over the , playing on the conflicts between French and English monarchies. He authored the ''Livre de chasse'', a famous illustrated manuscript on Medieval hunting, hunting. The only legitimate child of Gaston II, Count of Foix and , Gaston inherited a fragmented territory that partly depended on the kings of France and the kings of England. Playing on the Hundred Years' War, Franco-English conflict, he claimed sovereignty over Béarn on 25 September 1347. He won decisive victories against the House of Armagnac (the ancestral enemies of his house), thus ensuring the union between Béarn a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
April 30
Events Pre-1600 * 311 – The Diocletianic Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire ends. * 1315 – Enguerrand de Marigny is hanged at the instigation of Charles, Count of Valois. *1492 – Spain gives Christopher Columbus his commission of exploration. He is named admiral of the ocean sea, viceroy and governor of any territory he discovers. * 1513 – Edmund de la Pole, Yorkist pretender to the English throne, is executed on the orders of Henry VIII. * 1598 – Juan de Oñate begins the conquest of Santa Fe de Nuevo México. * 1598 – Henry IV of France issues the Edict of Nantes, allowing freedom of religion to the Huguenots. 1601–1900 * 1636 – Eighty Years' War: Dutch Republic forces recapture a strategically important fort from Spain after a nine-month siege. *1789 – On the balcony of Federal Hall on Wall Street in New York City, George Washington takes the oath of office to become the first President of the United Sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1414
Year 1414 ( MCDXIV) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. Events January–March * January 7 – Michael Küchmeister von Sternberg becomes the 28th Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, succeeding Heinrich von Plauen. * January 9 – The Oldcastle Revolt, led by John Oldcastle as an uprising by the Lollards in England against King Henry V, begins at St. Giles' Fields. King Henry's troops, stationed at Clerkenwell Priory in London, halt the rebellion the next day and capture 80 rebels who are later convicted of and executed for treason. * February 11 – The coronation of Ferdinand I as King of Aragon takes place at Zaragoza. * February 26 – The speech given by French theologian Jean Petit of the "Council of Faith", including nine propositions drawn from the speech, is publicly burned by order of the inquisitor, Gerard de Montaigu, the Roman Catholic Bishop of Paris. * March 9 – Abu’l-Faḍl Abbas Al-Musta'in, p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
