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1150
Year 1150 ( MCL) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * Battle of Tara: The Byzantines defeat the Serbian-Hungarian army under Grdeša, count (''župan'') of Travunija, near the snow-covered Tara River. The Serbs are overpowered, and Grand Prince Uroš II is forced to accept the peace agreement made by Emperor Manuel I (Komnenos). Uroš is succeeded by his brother Desa, who becomes co-ruler of the Principality of Serbia (until 1153). Levant * Spring – Joscelin II, count of Edessa, on his way to Antioch is separated from his escort and falls into the hands of some Turcoman free-booters. Nur al-Din, ruler (''atabeg'') of Aleppo, heard of Joscelin's capture and sends a squadron of cavalry to take him from his captors. Joscelin is led before a hostile crowd and publicly blinded. Nur al-Din puts him in prison in the Citadel of Aleppo. * Battle of Aintab: A Crusader army led by King Baldwin III re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Aintab
In the Battle of Aintab in August 1150, a Crusader force commanded by King Baldwin III of Jerusalem repelled the attacks of Nur ad-Din Zangi of Aleppo and evacuated the Latin Christians, Christian residents of the County of Edessa. This was both a tactical victory and a strategic defeat for the Crusaders. Background Imad ad-Din Zengi, Zengi, Nur ad-Din's father, had seized Edessa, Mesopotamia, Edessa in 1144. Deprived of their capital, the western lands of the County of Edessa continued a precarious existence for six more years. They came under increasing pressure from the Muslim states surrounding them. In 1150, the Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Komnenos expressed an interest in acquiring the rump of the County of Edessa. As their feudal overlord, Baldwin III was required to defend them in case of attack. Recognizing that the Crusaders were unlikely to hold on to these territories for much longer, Baldwin agreed to turn them over to the Byzantines. Baldwin met with Manuel's agents ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Flochberg
The Battle of Flochberg (8 February 1150) was a victory for the royal forces of Henry (VI) of Germany over the House of Welf, led by Welf VI and his son, Welf VII. Henry's father, Conrad III, and Welf VI had gone on the Second Crusade together. On his return journey in 1148 Welf had entered into an alliance with Roger II of Sicily, Conrad's enemy. Having agreed to foment discord in Germany, he revived the Welf claim to the Duchy of Bavaria for his nephew, Henry the Lion. In early 1150, the Welfs raided the possessions of the Hohenstaufen dynasty in the Duchy of Swabia. Conrad sent Henry to intercept them with a few hundred men. Henry's forward reconnaissance troops surprised the Welfs at the royal castle (''castrum regis'') of Flochberg (Vlochperch), near Nördlingen, as they were retreating from Swabia and pinned them down. When the rest of the royal army arrived, the Welfs' smaller force was routed. Only nightfall allowed some, including the Welfs, to escape. At the same ti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry Berengar
Henry Berengar: ''Heinrich-Berengar''. (1136/7–1150), sometimes numbered Henry (VI), was the eldest son of Conrad III of Germany and his second wife, Gertrude of Sulzbach. He was named after his father's maternal grandfather, Emperor Henry IV, and his mother's father, Count Berengar II of Sulzbach. He was groomed for the succession, but predeceased his father. In 1139, Henry was betrothed to Sophia, daughter of King Béla II of Hungary. She moved to Germany to learn German language and court culture, but relations between Germany and Hungary cooled after the death of her father in 1141. The marriage was cancelled while Sophia was still residing in Germany. After several letters to her brother, King Géza II, she received permission to remain in the German monastery where she had been living. Conrad and Henry likewise approved. Henry witnessed for the first time a diploma issued by his father in 1142. He witnessed two more before his coronation. Conrad had the princes elect Henr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Tara (1150)
In 1150, Serbian Grand Prince Uroš II, a Hungarian ally, summoned an army led by Grdeša, the ''župan'' (count) of Travunia, and Vučina, against the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantines won the battle, capturing both Grdeša and Vučina. Background During the Serbian Uprising of 1149, Byzantine emperor Manuel I Komnenos failed to capture Uroš II, Grand Prince of Serbia, who conspired with the Hungarians and Normans. Manuel I in Autumn 1150 encamped with his army at Niš. He learned that Geza II sent some troops to an anonymous Serb brother of Beloš, and married to Uroš II's sister as well as close ally of Geza II, but the troops were intercepted around Drina and defeated by Manuel I. Remaining forces escaped toward river Strymon (considered to be near modern Paraćin, 70 km north-west of Niš). Manuel I encamped at Sečanica (12 km of Niš) and getting the news that the Hungarians didn't yet meet the Serbs, decided to attack them until reached river Tara. Battle The batt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grdeša
Grdeša ( sr-cyr, Грдеша, ; 1150–51) or Grd was a local Slavic chieftain from the region surrounding Trebinje, who ruled the area with a title of ''župan''. He was mentioned in 1150–51 as vassal of the Grand Prince Uroš II of Serbia. It is believed that Grdeša was born around 1120. In 1150 he was one of the military commanders in the army of Uroš II of Serbia that fought the Byzantine Empire; the combined Serbo-Hungarian army suffered defeat at the Battle of Tara, where Grdeša and fellow Duke Vučina (Bучинa) where captured. It is assumed the prisoners were taken to Sredets, but were released in 1151. The death of Grd is placed in 1178 or around 1180. He had a son, ''župan'' Pribilša, who "died in the time of Stephen Vladislav I of Serbia". His tomb ('' stećak'') was found at the local community of Police in Trebinje. The tablet mentions him "in the days of Grand Prince Mihailo" as the ''župan'' of Trebinje, and also his brother ''župan'' Radomir (� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
County Of Edessa
The County of Edessa (Latin: ''Comitatus Edessanus'') was a 12th-century Crusader state in Upper Mesopotamia. Its seat was the city of Edessa (modern Şanlıurfa, Turkey). In the late Byzantine period, Edessa became the centre of intellectual life within the Syriac Orthodox Church. As such it also became the centre for the translation of Ancient Greek philosophy into Syriac, which provided a stepping stone for the subsequent translations into Arabic. When the crusades arrived, it was still important enough to tempt a side-expedition after the siege of Antioch. Baldwin of Boulogne, the first count of Edessa, became king of Jerusalem, and subsequent counts were his cousins. Unlike the other Crusader states, the county was landlocked. It was remote from the other states and was not on particularly good terms with its closest neighbor, the Principality of Antioch. Half of the county, including its capital, was located east of the Euphrates, far to the east, rendering it p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand Principality Of Serbia
The Grand Principality of Serbia ( sr-Cyrl-Latn, Великожупанска Србија, Velikožupanska Srbija, separator=" / "), also known by the anachronistic exonym Raška (region), Rascia ( sr-Cyrl-Latn, Рашка, Raška, separator=" / ", link=no), was a medieval Serbs, Serbian state that existed from the second half of the 11th century up until 1217, when it was transformed into the Kingdom of Serbia (1217–1346), Kingdom of Serbia. After the Grand Principality of Serbia emerged, it gradually expanded during the 12th century, encompassing various neighbouring regions, including territories of Raška (region), Raška ( sr-Cyrl, Рашка; ), modern Montenegro, Herzegovina, and southern Dalmatia. It was founded by Grand Prince Vukan, Grand Prince of Serbia, Vukan, who initially served as the regional governor of the principality ( 1082), appointed by King Constantine Bodin. During the Byzantine–Serbian wars ( 1090), Vukan gained prominence and became a self-governing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uroš II, Grand Prince Of Serbia
Uroš II ( sr-cyr, Урош II) was Serbian Grand Prince from 1145 to 1162, with brief interruptions as ruler by Desa, his brother. His rule was characterized by a period of power struggle, not only of the Serbian throne between the brothers but between the Byzantine Empire and Kingdom of Hungary, of which he took advantage. He had two brothers Desa and Beloš, and a sister Helena of Serbia, Queen of Hungary. Furthermore, Uroš II also had to contend with the Second Norman invasion of the Balkans (1147-1149). Some researchers have proposed that several events (1162), narrated by John Kinnamos in reference to the grand prince ''Primislav'' ( sr-cyr, Примислав), who is also known as ''Prvoslav'' ( sr-cyr, Првослав), should be attributed to Uroš II, but those assumptions are not accepted by other scholars who hold that Primislav/Primislav was brother or cousin Uroš II. Background Grand Prince Vukan I (r. 1083–1112) initially ruled Grand Principality of Ser ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Travunija
Travunia ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Travunija, Травунија; ; ; ) was a South Slavic medieval principality that was part of Medieval Serbia (850–1371), and later the Medieval Bosnia (1373–1482). The principality became hereditary in a number of noble houses, often kin to the ruling dynasty. The region came under Ottoman rule in 1482. Its seat was in the city of Trebinje. In the 9th and 10th centuries, the '' Župa'' of Travunia was held by the Belojević noble family, who were entitled the rule during the reign of Prince Vlastimir (r. 830–850), of the Vlastimirović dynasty. After the death of Časlav, the last dynastic member, the principality disintegrated, and the provinces were annexed by the Bulgars and Byzantines. In 1034, Stefan Vojislav (the founder of the Vojislavljević dynasty) incited a rebellion and renounced Byzantine rule, becoming the ''Prince of Serbs'', ruling from the seat at Duklja. In the early 12th century, Desa of the Vukanović d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Desa (monarch)
Desa ( sr-cyr, Деса)He is also known as Desa Vukanović. was the Grand Principality of Serbia, Grand Prince of Serbia from ca. 1162 to ca. 1165. He was one of several sons of grand prince Uroš I, Grand Prince of Serbia, Uroš I (d. 1145). Sometime between 1153 and 1155, Desa tried to depose his brother, the ruling grand prince Uroš II, Grand Prince of Serbia, Uroš II, but failed to establish himself as a new ruler. Only later, after the abdication of their other brother, the next grand prince Beloš of Serbia, Beloš ca. 1162, Desa became the new ruler of Serbia. He tried to challenge the Byzantine Empire, Byzantine suzerainty over Serbia, but was deposed by emperor Manuel I Komnenos. Before he became the grand prince, Desa ruled as prince of Duklja, Travunija and Zahumlje, ca. from 1149 to 1162. Biography Desa was the youngest of three sons of Uroš I, Grand Prince of Serbia, Uroš I, the Grand Prince of Serbia from 1112 to 1145. His mother was Anna of Serbia (wife of Uro� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Zafir
Abū Manṣūr Ismāʿīl ibn al-Ḥāfiẓ (, February 1133 – April 1154), better known by his regnal name al-Ẓāfir bi-Aʿdāʾ Allāh (, ) or al-Ẓāfir bi-Amr Allāh (, ), was the twelfth Fatimid caliph, reigning in Egypt from 1149 to 1154, and the 22nd imam of the Hafizi Isma'ili branch of Shia Islam. Life The future al-Zafir was born on 23 February 1133, as the fifth son of the eleventh Fatimid imam-caliph, al-Hafiz li-Din Allah (). As all his older brothers predeceased their father, al-Zafir was appointed heir-apparent. Accession and the vizierate of Ibn Masal Al-Zafir was proclaimed caliph immediately after his father's death, on 10 October 1149. By this time, the Fatimid dynasty was in decline. The official sect of Isma'ili Shi'ism had lost its appeal and was weakened by disputes and schisms, and the dynasty's legitimacy was increasingly challenged by a Sunni resurgence in Egypt. The Fatimid caliphs themselves had become virtual puppets in the hands of their v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baldwin III Of Jerusalem
Baldwin III (1130 – 10 February 1163) was the king of Jerusalem from 1143 to 1163. He was the eldest son of Queen Melisende and King Fulk. He became king while still a child, and was at first overshadowed by his mother Melisende, whom he eventually defeated in a civil war. During his reign Jerusalem became more closely allied with the Byzantine Empire, and the Second Crusade tried and failed to conquer Damascus. Baldwin captured the important Egyptian fortress of Ascalon, but also had to deal with the increasing power of Nur ad-Din in Syria. He died childless and was succeeded by his brother Amalric. Succession Baldwin III was born in 1130, during the reign of his maternal grandfather Baldwin II, one of the original crusaders. This made him the third generation to rule Jerusalem. Baldwin's mother Princess Melisende was heiress to her father Baldwin II, King of Jerusalem. Baldwin III's father was Fulk of Anjou, the former Count of Anjou. King Baldwin II died at the age of 60 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
