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013 NetVision
mmmعلى الغيس Broadband Internet in Israel has been available since the late 1990s in theory, but it only became practically accessible to most customers in 2001. By 2008, Israel had become one of the few countries with developed broadband capabilities across two types of infrastructure—cable and DSL—reaching over 95% of the population. Actual broadband market penetration stands at 77%, ranked 7th in the world. In 2010, Israel was ranked 26th in The Economist's Digital Economy Rankings. In 2022, Israel was ranked first for digital quality of life by Surfshark. Internet in Israel is provided through the phone, cable and direct fiber to the home (FTTH) infrastructures, by Bezeq, Hot (Israel), Hot, Israel Broadband Company, IBC and Partner Communications Company, Partner. Bezeq provides Digital subscriber line, DSL and FTTH; IBC and Partner provide FTTH services, while HOT provides its own cable Internet services, as well as FTTH through IBC. Speeds range from 15 Mbit/s on A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Israeli Internet Exchange
The Israeli Internet Exchange (IIX) is an Internet exchange point (IXP) that provides peering services for the Internet Service Providers in Israel, essentially routing all intra-Israel internet traffic. It is managed by the non-profit Israel Internet Association organization making it as well a not-for-profit operation. Until June 1996 much of the Israeli Internet service providers were connected by and to ILAN (the Israeli Academic Network), by order of the Ministry of Communications these links had to be dismantled. This could have created a gap which would have caused intra-Israel traffic to be routed through North America. The Israel Internet Association decided to create IIX, to optimize Israeli routing. See also * List of Internet exchange points * Internet exchange points The Internet (or internet) is the Global network, global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meredith Whittaker
Meredith Whittaker is the president of the Signal Foundation and serves on its board of directors. She was formerly the Minderoo Research Professor at New York University (NYU), and chief advisor and former faculty director & co founder of the AI Now Institute. She also served as a senior advisor on AI to Chair Lina Khan at the Federal Trade Commission and was listed among the 100 most influential people in AI by TIME magazine in 2023. Whittaker was employed at Google for 13 years, where she founded Google's Open Research group and co-founded the M-Lab. In 2018, she was a core organizer of the Google Walkouts and resigned from the company in July 2019. Early life and education Whittaker completed her bachelor's degree in rhetoric and English literature at University of California, Berkeley. Research and career Whittaker is the president of the Signal foundation and serves on their board of directors. She was formerly the Minderoo Research Professor at NYU, and the Facult ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ookla
Speedtest.net, also known as Speedtest by Ookla, is a web service that provides free analysis of Internet access performance metrics, such as connection data rate and latency. It is the flagship product of Ookla, a web testing and network diagnostics company founded in 2006, and based in Seattle, Washington, United States. The service measures the data throughput (''speed'') and latency (''connection delay'') of an Internet connection against one of over 16,000 geographically dispersed servers (as of December 2023). Each test measures the data rate for the download direction, i.e. from the server to the user computer, and the upload data rate, i.e. from the user's computer to the server. The tests are performed within the user's web browser or within mobile apps. , over 52.3 billion Internet speed tests have been completed. Tests were previously performed over HTTP. To improve accuracy, Speedtest.net now performs tests via a custom protocol over TCP sockets. The site also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calcalist
''Calcalist'' (, a Hebrew wordplay on ''The Economist'', from כלכלה, ''kalkala''; economics) is an Israeli daily business and economics newspaper and website. History and profile ''Calcalist'' was first published on 18 February 2008, and currently runs five days a week, with a weekend supplement included on Thursdays. The paper is published in Israel by the Yedioth Ahronoth Group. The group also publishes , the country's most widely circulated newspaper. The founder and publisher is Yoel Esteron, formerly the managing editor for , and its editor is Galit Hemi. It is circulated nationwide and its articles feature regularly in the biggest Israeli news website 'Ynet' as well as in the printed edition of . The newspaper is divided into four sections: news, daily columns – some regular and some rotating (the rotating columns are marketing, legal, real estate, technology, career, personal finance, automotive and sports), the market – a separate addendum appearing Monday thr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Communications (Israel)
The Ministry of Communications (, ''Misrad HaTikshoret'') is the Cabinet of Israel, Israeli government agency responsible for regulating and overseeing communications infrastructure and services. Its primary role is to manage Telecommunications in Israel, telecommunications, broadcasting, and postal services. The ministry was established in 1952 and was known as the Ministry of Postal Services (, ''Misrad HaDo'ar'') until 1970. List of ministers The Communications Minister of Israel (, ''Sar HaTikshoret'') is the political head of the ministry. There is occasionally a Deputy Minister. Deputy ministers External linksAll Ministers in the Ministry of CommunicationsKnesset websiteIsrael Ministry of Communications site in English {{authority control Government ministries of Israel, Communications ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beersheba
Beersheba ( / ; ), officially Be'er-Sheva, is the largest city in the Negev desert of southern Israel. Often referred to as the "Capital of the Negev", it is the centre of the fourth-most populous metropolitan area in Israel, the eighth-most populous Israeli city with a population of , and the second-largest city in area (after Jerusalem), with a total area of 117,500 dunams (45 mi2 / 117.5 km2). Human habitation near present-day Beersheba dates back to the fourth millennium BC. In the Bible, Beersheba marks the southern boundary of ancient Israel, as mentioned in the phrase " From Dan to Beersheba." Initially assigned to the Tribe of Judah, Beersheba was later reassigned to Simeon. During the monarchic era, it functioned as a royal city but eventually faced destruction at the hands of the Assyrians. The Biblical site of Beersheba is Tel Be'er Sheva, lying some 2.5 miles (4km) distant from the modern city, which was established at the start of the 20th century by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DOCSIS
Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS) is an international telecommunications standard that permits the addition of high-bandwidth data transfer to an existing cable television (CATV) system. It is used by many cable television operators to provide cable Internet access over their existing hybrid fiber-coaxial (HFC) infrastructure. DOCSIS was originally developed by CableLabs and contributing companies, including Broadcom, Xfinity, Comcast, Cox Communications, Cox, General Instrument, Motorola, Terayon, and Time Warner Cable. Versions ; : Released in March 1997, DOCSIS 1.0 included functional elements from preceding proprietary cable modems. ; : Released in April 1999, DOCSIS 1.1 standardized quality of service (QoS) mechanisms that were outlined in DOCSIS 1.0. ; (abbreviated D2) : Released in December 2001, DOCSIS 2.0 enhanced upstream data rates in response to increased demand for symmetric services such as IP telephony. ; (abbreviated D3) : Released in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Best-effort
Best-effort delivery describes a network service in which a network does not provide any guarantee that data is effectively delivered or that delivery meets any quality of service. In a best-effort network, all users obtain best-effort service. Under best-effort, network performance characteristics such as transmission speed, network delay and packet loss depend on the current network traffic load, and the network hardware capacity. When network load increases, this can lead to packet loss, retransmission, packet delay variation, further network delay, or even timeout and session disconnect. Best-effort can be contrasted with reliable delivery, which can be built on top of best-effort delivery (possibly without latency and throughput guarantees), or with virtual circuit schemes which can maintain a predefined quality of service. There are aspects of network neutrality and fair use. Network examples Physical services The postal service (''snail mail'') physically deliver ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
VDSL2
Very high-speed digital subscriber line (VDSL) and very high-speed digital subscriber line 2 (VDSL2) are digital subscriber line (DSL) technologies providing data transmission faster than the earlier standards of asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) G.992.1, G.992.3 (ADSL2) and G.992.5 (ADSL2+). VDSL offers speeds of up to 52 Mbit/s downstream and 16 Mbit/s upstream, over a single twisted pair of copper wires using the frequency band from 25 kHz to 12 MHz. These rates mean that VDSL is capable of supporting applications such as high-definition television, as well as telephone services (voice over IP) and general Internet access, over a single connection. VDSL is deployed over existing wiring used for analog telephone service and lower-speed DSL connections. This standard was approved by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in November 2001. Second-generation systems (VDSL2; ITU-T G.993.2 approved in February 2006) use frequencies of up ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ADSL2+
G.992.5 (also referred to as ADSL2+, G.dmt.bis+, and G.adslplus) is an ITU-T standard for asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) broadband Internet access. The standard has a maximum theoretical downstream sync speed of 24 megabits per second (Mbit/s). Utilizing G.992.5 Annex M upstream sync speeds of 3.3 Mbit/s can be achieved. Technical information ADSL2+ extends the capability of basic ADSL by doubling the number of downstream channels. The data rates can be as high as 24 Mbit/s downstream and up to 1.4 Mbit/s upstream depending on the distance from the DSLAM to the customer's premises. ADSL2+ is capable of doubling the frequency band of typical ADSL connections from 1.1 MHz to 2.2 MHz. This doubles the downstream data rates of the previous ADSL2 standard (which was up to 12 Mbit/s), and like the previous standards will degrade from its peak bitrate after a certain distance. ADSL2+ also allows port bonding. This is where multiple port ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fiber To The X
Fiber to the ''x'' (FTTX; also spelled "fibre") or fiber in the loop is a generic term for any broadband network architecture using optical fiber to provide all or part of the local loop used for last mile telecommunications. As fiber optic cables are able to carry much more data than copper cables, especially over long distances, copper telephone networks built in the 20th century are being replaced by fiber. The carrier equipment for FTTx is often housed in a "fiber hut", point of presence or central office. FTTX is a generalization for several configurations of fiber deployment, arranged into two groups: FTTP/FTTH/FTTB (fiber laid all the way to the premises/home/building) and FTTC/N (fiber laid to the cabinet/node, with copper wires completing the connection). Residential areas already served by balanced pair distribution plant call for a trade-off between cost and capacity. The closer the fiber head, the higher the cost of construction and the higher the channel capa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
