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신라
Silla (; Old Korean: 徐羅伐, Yale: Syerapel, RR: ''Seorabeol''; IPA: ) was a Korean kingdom that existed between 57 BCE – 935 CE and was located on the southern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula. Silla, along with Paekje and Koguryeo, formed the Three Kingdoms of Korea. Silla had the lowest population of the three, approximately 850,000 people (170,000 households), significantly smaller than those of Paekje (3,800,000 people) and Koguryeo (3,500,000 people). Its foundation can be traced back to the semi-mythological figure of Hyeokgeose of Silla (Old Korean: *pulkunae, "light of the world"), of the Park clan. The country was first ruled intermittently by the Miryang Park clan for 232 years and the Wolseong Seok clan for 172 years and beginning with the reign of Michu Isageum the Gyeongju Kim clan for 586 years. Park, Seok and Kim have no contemporary attestations and went by the Old Korean names of 居西干 ''Geoseogan'' (1st century BCE), 次次 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Old Korean
Old Korean is the first historically documented stage of the Korean language, typified by the language of the Unified Silla period (668–935). The boundaries of Old Korean periodization remain in dispute. Some linguists classify the sparsely attested languages of the Three Kingdoms of Korea as variants of Old Korean, while others reserve the term for the language of Silla alone. Old Korean traditionally ends with the fall of Silla in 935. This too has recently been challenged by South Korean linguists who argue for extending the Old Korean period to the mid-thirteenth century, although this new periodization is not yet fully accepted. This article focuses on the language of Silla before the tenth century. Old Korean is poorly attested. Due to the paucity and poor quality of sources, modern linguists have "little more than a vague outline" of the characteristics of Old Korean. The only surviving literary works are a little more than a dozen vernacular poems called ''hyangga''. Hy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Later Silla
Unified Silla, or Late Silla, is the name often applied to the historical period of the Korean kingdom of Silla after its conquest of Goguryeo in 668 AD, which marked the end of the Three Kingdoms period. In the 7th century, a Silla–Tang alliance conquered Baekje in the Baekje–Tang War. Following the Goguryeo–Tang War and Silla–Tang War in the 7th century, Silla annexed the southern part of Goguryeo, unifying the central and southern regions of the Korean peninsula. Unified Silla existed during the Northern and Southern States period at a time when Balhae controlled the north of the peninsula. Unified Silla lasted for 267 years until it fell to Goryeo in 935 during the reign of King Gyeongsun. Terminology The people of the Unified Silla period considered themselves to be of a kingdom of unified Koreans, which they called "三韓一統", (Modern Hangul: , ) meaning the unity of three kingdoms (the three kingdoms being Silla, Goguryeo, and Baekje). The term was use ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hanja
Hanja (; ), alternatively spelled Hancha, are Chinese characters used to write the Korean language. After characters were introduced to Korea to write Literary Chinese, they were adapted to write Korean as early as the Gojoseon period. () refers to Sino-Korean vocabulary, which can be written with Hanja, and () refers to Classical Chinese writing, although ''Hanja'' is also sometimes used to encompass both concepts. Because Hanja characters have never undergone any major reforms, they more closely resemble traditional Chinese and kyūjitai, traditional Japanese characters, although the stroke orders for certain characters are slightly different. Such examples are the characters and , as well as and . Only a small number of Hanja characters were modified or are unique to Korean, with the rest being identical to the traditional Chinese characters. By contrast, many of the Chinese characters currently in use in mainland China, Malaysia and Singapore have been simplified Chin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Munmu Of Silla
Munmu of Silla (626–681), personal name Kim Pŏm-min, was a Korean monarch who served as the 30th king of the Korean kingdom of Silla. He is usually considered to have been the first ruler of the Unified Silla period. Munmu was the son of King Muyeol and Munmyeong, who was the younger sister of Kim Yu-sin. Under his father's reign, he held the office of ''pajinchan'', who apparently was responsible for maritime affairs, and played a key role in developing the country's diplomatic links with Tang China. He was born as Kim Pŏm-min and took the name Munmu when he succeeded his father to the throne. After his death, he was known by the title of Dragon King. Munmu is known as one of the great rulers in the land of Korea. During his rule, he tried to achieve the welfare and happiness of the people and to improve the political and social system. He paid great attention to justice and equality and tried to avoid neglecting the people. Munmu also attached great importance to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Gyeongju
Gyeongju is a coastal city in the far southeastern corner of North Gyeongsang province in South Korea. It is the second largest city by area in the province after Andong, covering with a population of 269,343 people according to the 2008 census. The early history of Gyeongju is closely tied to that of the Silla kingdom, of which it was the capital for nearly one thousand years. Silla period Gyeongju first enters non-Korean records during the Samhan period in the early Common Era. It is recorded in Chinese records as Saro-guk, one of twelve petty states which comprised the Jinhan confederacy. Saro-guk would later become the Silla kingdom. Korean records, probably based on the dynastic chronicles of Silla, record that Saro-guk was established in 57 BCE, when six small villages in the Gyeongju area united under Bak Hyeokgose, the kingdom's first ruler. During the Silla period, the city was called "Seorabeol" (서라벌; 西羅伐) that is assumed to mean Capital, " Gyerim which l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jinheung Of Silla
Jinheung (534–576; reign 540–576) was the 24th monarch of Silla, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. He followed King Beopheung (r. 514–540) and was followed by King Jinji (r. 576–579). Jinheung was the nephew / grandson of King Beopheung. Jinheung of Silla was one of the greatest kings of Silla, and was responsible for expanding Silla territory immensely. He and King Seong 26th king of Baekje, struggled with each other over the Han River valley. Jinheung won this struggle and expanded Silla's territory immensely. Rise to the throne Jinheung of Silla rose to the throne at a young age when his predecessor and paternal uncle / maternal grandfather, Beopheung, died. Since he was too young to rule a kingdom at the time, his mother Queen Jiso acted as regent. When he became of age, he began to rule independently. One of his first acts as true king of Silla was to appoint a man named Kim Isabu as Head of Military Affairs, which occurred in 541. Jinheung adopted a pol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naemul Maripgan
Naemul (died 402) (r. 356–402) was the 17th ruler of the Korean kingdom of Silla. He was the nephew of King Michu. He married Michu's daughter, Lady Boban. He is given the title ''Isageum'', the same one borne by earlier rulers, in the ''Samguk sagi''; he is given the title ''Maripgan'', borne by later rulers, in the ''Samguk yusa''. He is the first to bear the title ''Maripgan'' in any record. The name can be read Namul or Namil (那密). He is also the first king to appear by name in Chinese records. It appears that there was a great influx of Chinese culture into Silla in his period, and that the widespread use of Chinese characters began in his time. Naemul sent a tribute mission to the king of Early Jin in 381. This envoy, ''Widu'' (衛頭) visited ''Early Jin'' with the help of Goguryeo. In response to a question by Fu Jian, Widu stated that the name of country had changed (to Silla). In this tribute, Goguryeo represents Silla as a subordinate to Goguryeo. Howev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyeokgeose Of Silla
Hyeokgeose (69 BC – 4 AD, r. 57 BC–4 AD), also known by his personal full name as Bak (Park, Pak) Hyeokgeose (), was the founding monarch of Silla, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. He was the progenitor of all Bak (Park) clans in Korea. Name His title ''Geoseo-khan'' () or ''Geoseul-han'' (), means "Emperor" or "king" in the language of the Jinhan confederacy, the group of chiefdoms in the southeast of the Korean Peninsula. "Hyeokgeose" was not a personal name, but the ''hanja'' for his honorific name, pronounced "Bulgeunae" () in archaic Korean, meaning "bright world." ''hyeok'', a Chinese character that means "bright, radiant, glowing" (from doubling the character for ''jeok'' "red"), is used to transcribe the Korean adjective stem ''bylg-'' > ''bulg-'' "red" ( ''bul'' "fire" and ''bawlg-'' > ''balg-'' "bright, light"). ''geo'', a Chinese character that means "live, dwell, reside, sit," is used to transcribe the Korean prenominal adjective inflection ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gyeongsun Of Silla
Gyeongsun (897–978), personal name Kim Pu, was the 56th and final ruler of the Korean kingdom of Silla. Biography A sixth-generation descendant of King Munseong, he was the son of Kim Hyo-Jong by Princess Gyea, who was the daughter of King Heongang. His wife was Lady Jukbang () of the Juksan Park clan, his eldest son was Crown Prince Maui, and his youngest son was Beomgong. Gyeongsun was placed on the throne by the Later Baekje king Kyŏn Hwŏn after the Hubaekje forces sacked Gyeongju in 927. The kingdom was already in an extremely weakened state, so Gyeongsun reigned over a tiny remnant of the former Silla territory until finally abdicating in favour of Taejo of Goryeo in 935. He remarried Taejo's daughter Princess Nangrang () and was appointed ''sasim-gwan'' (사심관, inspector-general) of Gyeongju, becoming the first of Goryeo's ''sasim-gwan'' system. He lived out the remainder of his life near the Goryeo capital (modern-day Kaesong). [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North Korea
North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the northern half of the Korea, Korean Peninsula and borders China and Russia to the north at the Yalu River, Yalu (Amnok) and Tumen River, Tumen rivers, and South Korea to the south at the Korean Demilitarized Zone, Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ). The country's western border is formed by the Yellow Sea, while its eastern border is defined by the Sea of Japan. North Korea, like South Korea, claims to be the sole legitimate government of the entire peninsula and List of islands of North Korea, adjacent islands. Pyongyang is the capital and largest city. The Korean Peninsula was first inhabited as early as the Lower Paleolithic period. Its Gojoseon, first kingdom was noted in Chinese records in the early 7th century BCE. Following the unification of the Three Kingdoms of Korea into Unified Silla, Silla and Balhae in the late 7th century, Korea was ruled by the G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Korea
South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the southern half of the Korea, Korean Peninsula and borders North Korea along the Korean Demilitarized Zone, with the Yellow Sea to the west and the Sea of Japan to the east. Like North Korea, South Korea claims to be the sole legitimate government of the entire peninsula and List of islands of South Korea, adjacent islands. It has Demographics of South Korea, a population of about 52 million, of which half live in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, the List of largest cities, ninth most populous metropolitan area in the world; other major cities include Busan, Daegu, and Incheon. The Korean Peninsula was inhabited as early as the Lower Paleolithic period. Gojoseon, Its first kingdom was noted in Chinese records in the early seventh century BC. From the mid first century BC, various Polity, polities consolidated into the rival Three Kingdoms of Korea, kingdoms of Goguryeo, Baekje, and Sil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hwabaek
The Hwabaek (), or council of nobles, served as the chief royal council in Silla; it is composed of the nobles of higher rank ( Jingol) and headed by the Sangdaedeung. The Hwabaek council decided the most important state affairs, such as succession to the throne and declarations of war. Hwabaek Council(和白會議) are held only when the state has important events, attendees at the council are only nobles(群官, 百官). It was also a unanimous, not majority, system in which a single opponent would not pass the plan.Unlike Baekje was majority rule in Jeongsa Rock Council(政事巖會議) The venue for the Hwabaek Council was decided by taking turns to four sacred places in Silla. It is presumed that the king participated in the early days of the Silla. This is confirmed at the monument of Jijeung of Silla and the Monument of Beopheung of Silla. In 531 the head of the aristocracy, Sangdaedeung was appointed as the presiding, from which time the king left the meeting and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
