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Ꜧ
Heng is a letter of the Latin alphabet, originating as a typographic ligature of '' h'' and '' ŋ''. It is used for a voiceless ''y''-like sound, such as in Dania transcription of the Danish language. Heng was used word-finally in early transcriptions of Mayan languages, where it may have represented a uvular fricative. It is sometimes used to write Judeo-Tat. Heng has been occasionally used by phonologists to represent a jocular phoneme in English, which includes both and as its allophones, to illustrate the limited usefulness of minimal pairs to distinguish phonemes. and are separate phonemes in English, even though no minimal pair for them exists due to their complementary distribution. Heng is also used in Bantu linguistics to indicate a voiced alveolar lateral fricative (). Both and are encoded in Unicode block Latin Extended-D; they were added with Unicode version 5.1 in April 2008. Transcription A variant form, , is encoded as part of the IPA Block. It is used ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unified Northern Alphabet
The Unified Northern Alphabet (UNA) () was a set of Latin alphabets created during the Latinisation in the Soviet Union for the Indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East, "small" languages of northern Russia and used for about five years during the 1930s. Systematic work on the development of writing in the languages of the peoples of the North began in 1926, when the Northern Faculty (known as Institute of the Peoples of the North, the Institute of the Peoples of the North (IPN) since 1930) of the was established. Alphabets were initially planned for Chukchi language, Chukchi, Even language, Even, Evenki language, Evenki, Nivkh language, Gilyak, Itelmen language, Itelmen, Ket language, Ket, Koryak language, Koryak, Mansi language, Mansi, Nanai language, Nanai, Nenets languages, Nenets, Kildin Sámi language, Kildin Sámi, Selkup language, Selkup, Siberian Yupik language, Siberian Yupik and Udege language, Udihe. Alphabet Alphabet of 1932:Я. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
En With Hook
En with hook (Ӈ ӈ; italics: ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. Its form is derived from the Cyrillic letter En (Н н) by adding a hook to the right leg. En with hook commonly represents the voiced velar nasal , like the pronunciation of in "sing", in Uralic languages. Usage En with hook is used in the alphabets of a number of languages of Siberia, including all the Chukotko-Kamchatkan and Samoyedic languages: Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages * Chukchi * Koryak * Kerek * Alyutor * Itelmen Uralic languages Several Uralic languages use the en with hook. These include: Samoyedic languages * Enets * Tundra Nenets * Forest Nenets * Nganasan * Selkup Other Uralic languages *Kildin Sami *Khanty *Mansi Tungusic languages * Even * Evenki * Nanai * Negidal * Oroch * Orok * Udege * Ulch Eskimo–Aleut languages *Aleut * Chaplino dialect Other languages * Ket *Nivkh Computing codes En with Hook has different unicodes for capital and small letters. See also *Ң ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eng (letter)
Eng, agma, or engma (Letter case, capital: Ŋ, Letter case, lowercase: ŋ) is a letter of the Latin alphabet, used to represent a voiced velar nasal (as in English ''sii'') in the written form of some languages and in the International Phonetic Alphabet. In Washo language, Washo, lower-case represents a typical sound, while upper-case represents a Voicelessness, voiceless sound. This convention comes from Americanist phonetic notation. History The ''First Grammatical Treatise'', a 12th-century work on the phonology of the Old Icelandic language, uses a single grapheme for the eng sound, shaped like a g with a stroke . Alexander Gill the Elder uses an uppercase G with a hooked tail and a lowercase n with the hooked tail of a script g for the same sound in ''Logonomia Anglica'' in 1619. William Holder uses the letter in ''Elements of Speech: An Essay of Inquiry into the Natural Production of Letters'', published in 1669, but it was not printed as intended; he indicates in his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shha With Hook
Shha with hook ( , approximated in Unicode as Һ̡ һ̡), also referred to as Heng (letter), Heng, is a letter of the Cyrillic script formerly used in some alphabets in Kabardian language, Kabardian and a 1908 alphabet for Chechen language, Chechen.https://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/nonslav.pdf Usage File:Tambiev 1906, Кабардинская азбука, page 14.png, Kabardian alphabet with shha with hook (Tambiev, 1906). File:Ossetian alphabet in Sjögren 1844 in cursive.jpg, Cursive 1844 Ossetian alphabet of Sjögren, with heng, File:Ossetian alphabet in Sjögren 1844.jpg, 1844 Ossetian alphabet of Sjögren, with heng, File:Kabardian alphabet in Lopatinsky (1890).png, Kabardian alphabet with shha with hook (Lopatinsky 1890) File:Atazhukin alphabet, 1865.PNG, Kabardian alphabet with shha with hook (Atazhukin 1865) Shha with hook was used in the Kabardian language, Kabardian alphabet of in 1865, the alphabet of Lev Lopatinsky in 1890, and the alphabet of in 1906. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyrillic
The Cyrillic script ( ) is a writing system used for various languages across Eurasia. It is the designated national script in various Slavic, Turkic, Mongolic, Uralic, Caucasian and Iranic-speaking countries in Southeastern Europe, Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, Central Asia, North Asia, and East Asia, and used by many other minority languages. , around 250 million people in Eurasia use Cyrillic as the official script for their national languages, with Russia accounting for about half of them. With the accession of Bulgaria to the European Union on 1 January 2007, Cyrillic became the third official script of the European Union, following the Latin and Greek alphabets. The Early Cyrillic alphabet was developed during the 9th century AD at the Preslav Literary School in the First Bulgarian Empire during the reign of Tsar Simeon I the Great, probably by the disciples of the two Byzantine brothers Cyril and Methodius, who had previously created the Gl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latin Letters With Diacritics
Latin ( or ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken by the Latins in Latium (now known as Lazio), the lower Tiber area around Rome, Italy. Through the expansion of the Roman Republic, it became the dominant language in the Italian Peninsula and subsequently throughout the Roman Empire. It has greatly influenced many languages, including English, having contributed many words to the English lexicon, particularly after the Christianization of the Anglo-Saxons and the Norman Conquest. Latin roots appear frequently in the technical vocabulary used by fields such as theology, the sciences, medicine, and law. By the late Roman Republic, Old Latin had evolved into standardized Classical Latin. Vulgar Latin refers to the less prestigious colloquial registers, attested in inscriptions and some literary works such as those of the comic playwrights Plautus and Terence and the author Petronius. While oft ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phonetic Symbol Guide
The ''Phonetic Symbol Guide'' is a book by Geoffrey Pullum and William Ladusaw that explains the histories and uses of the symbols of various phonetic transcription conventions. It was published in 1986, with a second edition in 1996, by the University of Chicago Press. Symbols include letters and diacritics of the International Phonetic Alphabet and Americanist phonetic notation, though not of the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet. The ''Guide'' was consulted by the International Phonetic Association when they established names and numerical codes for the International Phonetic Alphabet and was the basis for the characters of the TIPA (software), TIPA set of phonetic fonts. List of symbols The symbols included in the 2nd edition of the ''Guide'' are as follows. A number were adopted into Unicode 14 and 15 and have been available in SIL fonts since February 2023. Those not found in Unicode are marked with an asterisk. :wikt:a, a wikt:ȧ, ȧ wikt:ä, ä wikt:ᶏ, ᶏ wikt:ɐ, ɐ wikt:ɑ, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teuthonista
Teuthonista is a phonetic transcription system used predominantly for the transcription of High German languages, (High) German dialects. It is very similar to other Central European transcription systems from the early 20th century. The base characters are mostly based on the Latin alphabet, which can be modified by various diacritics. History The name ''Teuthonista'' goes back to the Journal ''Teuthonista'', in which the transcription system was presented in 1924/25. Symbols Most of the characters derive from the Latin or Greek alphabet, and from earlier systems such as Dania transcription, Dania. The consonants are primarily mono-phonemic symbols. Fine nuances in articulation can be distinguished by diacritics (e.g. dots or tildes beneath or across the character). Vowels are distinguished with a more extensive system of diacritics. To describe the various dialectal sounds of the German letter "e", for example, the system uses the letter "e" with trémas, upstrokes, tildes and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Phonetic Alphabet
The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin script. It was devised by the International Phonetic Association in the late 19th century as a standard written representation for the sounds of speech. The IPA is used by linguists, lexicography, lexicographers, foreign language students and teachers, speech–language pathology, speech–language pathologists, singers, actors, constructed language creators, and translators. The IPA is designed to represent those qualities of speech that are part of lexical item, lexical (and, to a limited extent, prosodic) sounds in oral language: phone (phonetics), phones, Intonation (linguistics), intonation and the separation of syllables. To represent additional qualities of speechsuch as tooth wikt:gnash, gnashing, lisping, and sounds made with a cleft lip and cleft palate, cleft palatean extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet, extended set of symbols may be used ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voiceless Palatal-velar Fricative
The ''sj''-sound ( ) is a voiceless fricative phoneme found in the sound system of most dialects of Swedish. It has a variety of realisations, whose precise phonetic characterisation is a matter of debate, but which usually feature distinct labialization. The sound is represented in Swedish orthography by a number of spellings, the most common of which are the digraphs and trigraphs (from which the common Swedish name for the sound is derived), , , and (before front vowels) ; if considered in complementary distribution with , up to 65 different spellings for the phoneme have been identified in native words and loanwords. The sound should not be confused with the Swedish ''tj''-sound , usually spelled , , or (before front vowels) . These sounds are transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet. The International Phonetic Association (IPA) describes them as "simultaneous and ", but this realization is not attested, and phoneticians doubt that such a realization actuall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IPA Extensions
IPA Extensions is a block (U+0250–U+02AF) of the Unicode standard that contains full size letters used in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). Both modern and historical characters are included, as well as former and proposed IPA signs and non-IPA phonetic letters. Additional characters employed for phonetics, like the palatalization sign, are encoded in the blocks Phonetic Extensions (1D00–1D7F) and Phonetic Extensions Supplement (1D80–1DBF). Diacritics are found in the Spacing Modifier Letters (02B0–02FF) and Combining Diacritical Marks Combining Diacritical Marks is a Unicode block containing the most common combining characters. It also contains the character " Combining Grapheme Joiner", which prevents canonical reordering of combining characters, and despite the name, actua ... (0300–036F) blocks. Its block name in Unicode 1.0 was Standard Phonetic. With the ability to use Unicode for the presentation of IPA symbols, ASCII-based syst ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latin Extended-D
Latin Extended-D is a Unicode block containing Latin (script), Latin characters for phonetic, Mayanist, and Medieval transcription and notation systems. 89 of the characters in this block are for medieval characters proposed by the Medieval Unicode Font Initiative, many of which are representative of scribal abbreviations used in Medieval manuscript, manuscript texts. Block History The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Latin Extended-D block: References {{reflist Latin-script Unicode blocks Unicode blocks ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
