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⊖ (other)
⊖ is the Unicode character "circled minus" (U+2296). ⊖ is also known as the Plimsoll symbol. ⊖ may refer to: * Symmetric difference, the set of elements which are in either of two sets but not in their intersection * Erosion (morphology), one of the fundamental operations in morphological image processing * A function for reversal and rotation in the APL programming language * Symbol for the Escape character in ISO 2047 * Used to designate a thermodynamic quantity in the Standard state in chemistry * Part of the notation for Standard enthalpy of reaction, as in Δ''H''⊖reaction See also *Celtic cross *Coptic cross *Cross symbol *Theta *Ø (other) ''Ø (Disambiguation)'' is the seventh studio album by American metalcore band Underoath. Released on November 9, 2010, through Tooth & Nail Records, the album was the band's only without founding member Aaron Gillespie, and is the first and ... * Circled plus (other) * ⦵ (U+29B5, CIRCLE WITH HORIZO ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plimsoll Symbol
The waterline is the line where the hull of a ship meets the surface of the water. Specifically, it is also the name of a special marking, also known as an international load line, Plimsoll line and water line (positioned amidships), that indicates the draft of the ship and the legal limit to which a ship may be loaded for specific water types and temperatures in order to safely maintain buoyancy, particularly with regard to the hazard of waves that may arise. Varying water temperatures will affect a ship's draft, because warm water is less dense than cold water, providing less buoyancy. In the same way, fresh water is less dense than salinated or seawater with a similar lessening effect upon buoyancy. For vessels with displacement hulls, the hull speed is defined by, among other things, the waterline length. In a sailing boat, the waterline length can change significantly as the boat heels, and can dynamically affect the speed of the boat. A waterline can also refer to any l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Symmetric Difference
In mathematics, the symmetric difference of two sets, also known as the disjunctive union, is the set of elements which are in either of the sets, but not in their intersection. For example, the symmetric difference of the sets \ and \ is \. The symmetric difference of the sets ''A'' and ''B'' is commonly denoted by A \ominus B, or A\operatorname \triangle B. The power set of any set becomes an abelian group under the operation of symmetric difference, with the empty set as the neutral element of the group and every element in this group being its own inverse. The power set of any set becomes a Boolean ring, with symmetric difference as the addition of the ring and intersection as the multiplication of the ring. Properties The symmetric difference is equivalent to the union of both relative complements, that is: :A\,\triangle\,B = \left(A \setminus B\right) \cup \left(B \setminus A\right), The symmetric difference can also be expressed using the XOR operation ⊕ o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erosion (morphology)
Erosion (usually represented by ⊖) is one of two fundamental operations (the other being dilation) in morphological image processing from which all other morphological operations are based. It was originally defined for binary images, later being extended to grayscale images, and subsequently to complete lattices. The erosion operation usually uses a structuring element for probing and reducing the shapes contained in the input image. Binary erosion In binary morphology, an image is viewed as a subset of a Euclidean space \mathbb^d or the integer grid \mathbb^d, for some dimension ''d''. The basic idea in binary morphology is to probe an image with a simple, pre-defined shape, drawing conclusions on how this shape fits or misses the shapes in the image. This simple "probe" is called structuring element, and is itself a binary image (i.e., a subset of the space or grid). Let ''E'' be a Euclidean space or an integer grid, and ''A'' a binary image in ''E''. The erosion of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
APL (programming Language)
APL (named after the book ''A Programming Language'') is a programming language developed in the 1960s by Kenneth E. Iverson. Its central datatype is the multidimensional array. It uses a large range of special graphic symbols to represent most functions and operators, leading to very concise code. It has been an important influence on the development of concept modeling, spreadsheets, functional programming, and computer math packages. It has also inspired several other programming languages. History Mathematical notation A mathematical notation for manipulating arrays was developed by Kenneth E. Iverson, starting in 1957 at Harvard University. In 1960, he began work for IBM where he developed this notation with Adin Falkoff and published it in his book ''A Programming Language'' in 1962. The preface states its premise: This notation was used inside IBM for short research reports on computer systems, such as the Burroughs B5000 and its stack mechanism when stack mac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Escape Character
In computing and telecommunication, an escape character is a character that invokes an alternative interpretation on the following characters in a character sequence. An escape character is a particular case of metacharacters. Generally, the judgement of whether something is an escape character or not depends on the context. In the telecommunications field, escape characters are used to indicate that the following characters are encoded differently. This is used to alter control characters that would otherwise be noticed and acted on by the underlying telecommunications hardware. In this context, the use of escape characters is often referred to as quoting. Definition An escape character may not have its own meaning, so all escape sequences are of two or more characters. Escape characters are part of the syntax for many programming languages, data formats, and communication protocols. For a given alphabet an escape character's purpose is to start character sequences (so na ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ISO 2047
ISO 2047 (Information processing – Graphical representations for the control characters of the 7-bit coded character set) is a standard for graphical representation of the control characters for debugging purposes, such as may be found in the character generator of a computer terminal; it also establishes a two-letter abbreviation of each control character. It started out as ANSI X3.32-1973 (American National Standard – Graphic Representation of the Control Characters of American National Standard Code for Information Interchange in 1973 and became an ISO standard in 1975. In addition, "Character Mnemonics & Character Sets" is cited as the ISO 2047 two-letter abbreviation of the control character. ISO 2047, ECMA-17 [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Standard State
In chemistry, the standard state of a material (pure substance, mixture or solution) is a reference point used to calculate its properties under different conditions. A superscript circle ° (degree symbol) or a Plimsoll (⦵) character is used to designate a thermodynamic quantity in the standard state, such as change in enthalpy (Δ''H''°), change in entropy (Δ''S''°), or change in Gibbs free energy (Δ''G''°). The degree symbol has become widespread, although the Plimsoll is recommended in standards, see discussion about typesetting below. In principle, the choice of standard state is arbitrary, although the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) recommends a conventional set of standard states for general use. The standard state should not be confused with standard temperature and pressure (STP) for gases, nor with the standard solutions used in analytical chemistry. STP is commonly used for calculations involving gases that approximate an ideal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Standard Enthalpy Of Reaction
The standard enthalpy of reaction (denoted \Delta_ H^\ominus or \Delta H_^\ominus) for a chemical reaction is the difference between total reactant and total product molar enthalpies, calculated for substances in their standard states. This can in turn be used to predict the total chemical bond energy liberated or bound during reaction, as long as the enthalpy of mixing is also accounted for. For a generic chemical reaction :\nu_ \text + \nu_ \text ~+ ~... \rightarrow \nu_ \text + \nu_ \text ~+ ~... the standard enthalpy of reaction \Delta_ H^\ominus is related to the standard enthalpy of formation \Delta_ H^\ominus values of the reactants and products by the following equation: : \Delta_ H^\ominus = \sum_ \nu_p\Delta_ H_^ - \sum_ \nu_r\Delta_ H_^ In this equation, \nu_p and \nu_r are the stoichiometric coefficients of each product p and reactant r. The standard enthalpy of formation, which has been determined for a vast number of substances, is the change of enthalpy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Celtic Cross
The Celtic cross is a form of Christian cross featuring a nimbus or ring that emerged in Ireland, France and Great Britain in the Early Middle Ages. A type of ringed cross, it became widespread through its use in the stone high crosses erected across the islands, especially in regions evangelized by Irish missionaries, from the ninth through the 12th centuries. A staple of Insular art, the Celtic cross is essentially a Latin cross with a nimbus surrounding the intersection of the arms and stem. Scholars have debated its exact origins, but it is related to earlier crosses featuring rings. The form gained new popularity during the Celtic Revival of the 19th century; the name "Celtic cross" is a convention dating from that time. The shape, usually decorated with interlace and other motifs from Insular art, became popular for funerary monuments and other uses, and has remained so, spreading well beyond Ireland. Early history Ringed crosses similar to older Continenta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coptic Cross
The Coptic cross refers to a number of Christian cross variants associated in some way with Coptic Christians. Typical form The typical form of the "Coptic cross" used in the Coptic Church is made up of two bold lines of equal length that intersect at the middle at right angles. Each line terminates in three points, representing the Trinity of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. Altogether, the cross has 12 points symbolizing the Apostles, whose mission was to spread the Gospel message throughout the world. This form of Coptic cross is widely used in the Coptic church and the Ethiopian and Eritrean churches, and so this form of the cross may also be called the "Ethiopian cross" or " Axum cross". Bertran de la Farge dates it to the 4th century and cites it as a predecessor of the Occitan cross. History and variation Old Coptic crosses often incorporate a circle, as in the form called a "Coptic cross" by Rudolf Koch in his ''The Book of Signs'' (1933). Sometimes t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cross Symbol
A cross is a geometrical figure consisting of two intersecting lines or bars, usually perpendicular to each other. The lines usually run vertically and horizontally. A cross of oblique lines, in the shape of the Latin letter X, is termed a saltire in heraldic terminology. The cross has been widely recognized as a symbol of Christianity from an early period.''Christianity: an introduction'' by Alister E. McGrath 2006 pages 321-323 However, the use of the cross as a religious symbol predates Christianity; in the ancient times it was a pagan religious symbol throughout Europe and western Asia. The effigy of a man hanging on a cross was set up in the fields to protect the crops. It often appeared in conjunction with the female-genital circle or oval, to signify the sacred marriage, as in Egyptian amule ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theta
Theta (, ; uppercase: Θ or ; lowercase: θ or ; grc, ''thē̂ta'' ; Modern: ''thī́ta'' ) is the eighth letter of the Greek alphabet, derived from the Phoenician letter Teth . In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 9. Greek In Ancient Greek, θ represented the aspirated voiceless dental plosive , but in Modern Greek it represents the voiceless dental fricative . Forms In its archaic form, θ was written as a cross within a circle (as in the Etruscan or ), and later, as a line or point in circle ( or ). The cursive form was retained by Unicode as , separate from . (There is also ). For the purpose of writing Greek text, the two can be font variants of a single character, but are also used as distinct symbols in technical and mathematical contexts. Extensive lists of examples follow below at Mathematics and Science. is also common in biblical and theological usage e.g. instead of πρόθεσις (means placing in public or laying out a corps ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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