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‘Abbās Ibn ‘Alī
Al-Abbas ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib (, 15 May 647 10 October 680 CE), also known by the kunya Abu al-Fadl (), was a son of Ali ibn Abi Talib, the fourth Rashid caliph in Sunni Islam and the first Imam in Shia Islam. His mother was Fatima bint Hizam, commonly known as Umm al-Banin (). Abbas fought as the standard-bearer of his half-brother Husayn ibn Ali in the Battle of Karbala on 10 Muharram 61 AH (10 October 680) against the army of the Umayyad caliph Yazid ibn Mu'awiya (). He was killed in a desperate attempt to bring water from the Euphrates river to quench the unbearable thirst of the besieged family of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Abbas is said to have inherited Ali's boldness and bravery, and was praised by Shia imams for his faith and fortitude in defending Husayn. Abbas is regarded by Shia Muslims as an ultimate paragon of courage and self-sacrifice. The shrine of Abbas and the nearby mausoleum of Husayn in Karbala are destinations for pilgrimage. Titles The of Ab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shaban
Shaʽban ( ') is the eighth month of the Islamic calendar. It is called the month of 'separation', as the word means 'to disperse' or 'to separate' because the pagan Arabs used to disperse in search of water. The fifteenth night of this month is Mid-Sha'ban, which coincides with the celebration of Shab-e-Barat in Muslim communities all over Asia. Sha'ban is the last lunar month before Ramadan, and so Muslims determine in it when the first day of Ramadan fasting will be. In the second Hijri year (624CE), fasting during Ramadan was made obligatory during this month. In the post- Tanzimat Ottoman Empire context, the word was, in French, the main language of diplomacy and a common language among educated and among non-Muslim subjects,info page on bookat Martin Luther University) Cited: p. 26 (PDF p. 28 - Quote: " ..he French translations were in the eyes of some Ottoman statesmen the most important ones ..) (, 9781317118442), Google Booksbr>PT193 spelled Chaban. The curren ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Umm Kulthum Bint Ali
Umm Kulthūm bint ʿAlī (), also known as Zaynab al-Ṣughrā (), was the youngest daughter of Fatima and Ali ibn Abi Talib. The former was the daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and the latter was his cousin. Ali is also recognized as the fourth Rashidun caliph () and the first Shia imam. A young Umm Kulthum lost her grandfather and mother in 632 CE. While she was still a child, the second Rashidun caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab () asked for her hand in marriage, which was resisted by Umm Kulthum and her father Ali, possibly due to Umar's reputation for harsh treatment of women. By one Sunni account, Ali finally agreed to the marriage when Umar enlisted the support of prominent Muslims for his proposal. Umm Kulthum survived the Battle of Karbala in 680, where her brother Husayn and most of her male relatives were massacred by the forces of the Umayyad caliph Yazid ibn Mua'awiya (). Women and children in Husayn's camp were taken captive after the battle and marche ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shia Islam
Shia Islam is the second-largest Islamic schools and branches, branch of Islam. It holds that Muhammad in Islam, Muhammad designated Ali ibn Abi Talib () as both his political Succession to Muhammad, successor (caliph) and as the spiritual leader of the Muslim community (Imamah (Shia doctrine), imam). However, his right is understood to have been usurped by a number of Companions of the Prophet, Muhammad's companions at the meeting of Saqifa where they appointed Abu Bakr () as caliph instead. As such, Sunni Muslims believe Abu Bakr, Umar (), Uthman () and Ali to be 'Rashidun, rightly-guided caliphs' whereas Shia Muslims only regard Ali as the legitimate successor. Shia Muslims assert imamate continued through Ali's sons Hasan ibn Ali, Hasan and Husayn ibn Ali, Husayn, after whom different Shia branches have their own imams. They revere the , the family of Muhammad, maintaining that they possess divine knowledge. Shia holy sites include the Imam Ali Shrine, shrine of Ali in Naj ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imamate In Shia Doctrine
In Shia Islam, the Imamah () is a doctrine which asserts that certain individuals from the lineage of the Prophets in Islam, Islamic prophet Muhammad are to be accepted as leaders and guides of the ummah after the Succession to Muhammad, death of Muhammad. Imamah further says that Imams possess divine knowledge and authority (Ismah) as well as being part of the Ahl al-Bayt, the family of Muhammad. These Imams have the role of providing commentary and interpretation of the Quran as well as guidance. Etymology The word "Imām" denotes a person who stands or walks "in front". For Sunni Islam, the word is commonly used to mean a person who leads the course of prayer in the mosque. It also means the head of a ''madhhab'' ("school of thought"). However, from the Shia point of view this is merely the ''basic'' understanding of the word in the Arabic language and, for its proper religious usage, the word "Imam" is applicable ''only'' to those members of the house of Muhammad designate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sunni Islam
Sunni Islam is the largest Islamic schools and branches, branch of Islam and the largest religious denomination in the world. It holds that Muhammad did not appoint any Succession to Muhammad, successor and that his closest companion Abu Bakr () rightfully succeeded him as the caliph of the Muslim community, being appointed at the meeting of Saqifa. This contrasts with the Succession of ʿAlī (Shia Islam), Shia view, which holds that Muhammad appointed Ali, Ali ibn Abi Talib () as his successor. Nevertheless, Sunnis revere Ali, along with Abu Bakr, Umar () and Uthman () as 'Rashidun, rightly-guided caliphs'. The term means those who observe the , the practices of Muhammad. The Quran, together with hadith (especially the Six Books) and (scholarly consensus), form the basis of all Fiqh, traditional jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. Sharia legal rulings are derived from these basic sources, in conjunction with Istislah, consideration of Maslaha, public welfare and Istihsan, jur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rashidun
The Rashidun () are the first four caliphs () who led the Muslim community following the death of Muhammad: Abu Bakr (), Umar (), Uthman (), and Ali (). The reign of these caliphs, called the Rashidun Caliphate (632–661), is considered in Sunni Islam to have been 'rightly guided' (Arabic: ), meaning that it constitutes a model ( ) to be followed and emulated from a religious point of view. History The first four caliphs who succeeded Muhammad are known as the Rashidun (rightly-guided) Caliphs. # Abu Bakr (; ) # Umar ibn al-Khattab (; ) – often known simply as Umar or Omar # Uthman ibn Affan (; ) – often known simply as Uthman, Othman, or Osman # Ali ibn Abi Talib (; ) – often known simply as Ali The succession to Muhammad is the central issue that divides the Muslim community. Sunni Islam, according to the author Carl Ernst, accepts the political status quo of their succession, regardless of its justice, whereas Shia Muslims largely reject the legitimacy o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kunya (Arabic)
A () is a teknonym in an Arabic name, the name of an adult derived from their eldest son. A kunya is used as a component of an Arabic name, a type of epithet. Literally it refers to the bearer's first-born son or daughter, and this is the usual case. But it may instead have hypothetical or metaphorical references: an example would be Abu Hurayra, “father of the kitten”, the invariable name used for one of the companions of Muhammad who was known for his pet cat. Use of a kunya implies a familiar but respectful setting. A kunya is expressed by the use of '' abū'' (father) or '' umm'' (mother) in a genitive construction, i.e. "father of" or "mother of" as an honorific in place of or alongside given names in the Arab world and the Islamic world more generally. Medieval Jewish names generally had stock kunyas referencing the biblical eponym and not any relative. Those named Abraham received "abu Ishaq", those named Jacob, "abu Yusuf," and so on. In some cases the word ''ab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Common Era
Common Era (CE) and Before the Common Era (BCE) are year notations for the Gregorian calendar (and its predecessor, the Julian calendar), the world's most widely used calendar era. Common Era and Before the Common Era are alternatives to the original Anno Domini (AD) and Before Christ (BC) notations used for the same calendar era. The two notation systems are numerically equivalent: " CE" and "AD " each describe the current year; "400 BCE" and "400 BC" are the same year. The expression can be traced back to 1615, when it first appears in a book by Johannes Kepler as the (), and to 1635 in English as " Vulgar Era". The term "Common Era" can be found in English as early as 1708, and became more widely used in the mid-19th century by Jewish religious scholars. Since the late 20th century, BCE and CE have become popular in academic and scientific publications on the grounds that BCE and CE are religiously neutral terms. They have been promoted as more sensitive to non-Christia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahl Al-Bayt
() refers to the family of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. In Sunni Islam, the term has also been extended to all descendants of the Banu Hashim (Muhammad's clan) and even to all Muslims. In Shia Islam, the term is limited to Muhammad, his daughter Fatima, his cousin and son-in-law Ali, and their two sons, Ḥasan and Ḥusayn. A common Sunni view adds the wives of Muhammad to these five. While all Muslims revere the Ahl al-Bayt, Shia Muslims assert that members of the Ahl al-Bayt are spiritual successors to Muhammad, possessing divine knowledge and infallibility. The Twelver Shiʿa also believe in the redemptive power of the pain and martyrdom endured by the members of the Ahl al-Bayt, particularly Husayn. Sunni Muslims, who do not believe in spiritual succession to Muhammad, only hold the Ahl al-Bayt in high regard. Definition When () appears in construction with a person, it refers to his blood relatives. However, the word also acquires wider meanings with other nou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ja'far Ibn Ali
Jaʿfar ibn ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib () was a son of Ali and Umm al-Banin. He was named by Ali after the latter's brother, Ja'far ibn Abi Talib. The younger Ja'far was one of the companions of Husayn in the Battle of Karbala, where he was martyred on Ashura alongside his brothers Abbas, Abdullah and Uthman.Mufid al-Irshad, Vol. 2, P. 109 See also * Descendants of Ali ibn Abi Talib * Ashura * Tasu'a * Sermon of Ali ibn Husayn in Damascus * Ziyarat Ashura * Battle of Karbala * Abbas ibn Ali * Shia view of Ali Ali ibn Abi Talib was the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Ali contributed significantly to Islam in its early years and was likely the first male to accept the teachings of Muhammad. Ali is accorded an almost legendary pla ... References People killed at the Battle of Karbala Sons of caliphs Children of Ali {{Islam-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uthman Ibn Ali
ʿUthmān ibn ʿAlī () was a son of Ali ibn Abi Talib and Umm al-Banin. He fought in the Battle of Karbala, in which he was martyred. Uthman is highly honored by Muslims for his sacrifice. According to some sources Uthman was 21 and had no children when he was martyred. Uthman and his brothers Abbas, Abdullah, and Ja'far accompanied Husayn ibn Ali in his journey from Mecca to Kufa and were martyred at the Battle of Karbala. Their graves are in the mausoleum of the collective grave of the martyrs of Karbala in the shrine of Husayn ibn Ali. Biography He was the son of Ali and Fatima bint Hizam.Iṣfahānī, ''Maqātil al-ṭālibīyyīn'', p. 89. Apparently, 'Uthman did not get married and had no children.Madinat Dimashq by ibn `Asakir 45/304 In a weak narration, Ali named his son Uthman after Uthman ibn Maz'un according to shia narration.al-Amali al-Ithneeniyyah 1/488 Uthman's mother, Fatima, was the daughter of Hizam ibn Khalid ibn Rabi'a from the Arab tribe of Banu Kilab. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdullah Ibn Ali Ibn Abi Talib
ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib () was one of Ali's sons who was killed in Karbala in 680, and is considered among the martyrs of the Battle of Karbala. Abdullah is also among the four sons of Umm al-Banin, the daughter of Hazam. His kunya was Abu Muhammad. Battle of Karbala Historians have written about Abdullah ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib that on the day of Ashura, when the companions of Husayn ibn Ali and many of his family were killed, Abbas ibn Ali Al-Abbas ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib (, 15 May 647 10 October 680 CE), also known by the kunya Abu al-Fadl (), was a son of Ali ibn Abi Talib, the fourth Rashid caliph in Sunni Islam and the first Imam in Shia Islam. His mother was Fatima bint ... called out his brothers in age order and told them to attack on the battlefield. Abdullah ibn Ali was the first one who was called in order to fight Umar ibn Sa'd's army. Abbas said to him: "O my brother, you first go to the battle field, because you don't have children (t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
