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Ḥisda
Rav Ḥisda () was a Jewish Talmudist who lived in Kafri, Asoristan in Lower Mesopotamia near what is now the city of Najaf, Iraq. He was an amora of the third generation (died c. 320 CE at the age of ninety-twoMoed Kattan 28a), and is mentioned frequently in the Talmud. Biography Rav Ḥisda descended from a priestly family. He studied under Abba Arikha "the Rav", who was his principal teacher and after the latter's death he attended the lectures of Rav Huna, a companion of the same age. The pair were called "the Hasidim of Babylon". Rav Ḥisda was also among those called tzadikim, those who could bring down rain by their prayers. At first, he was so poor that he abstained from vegetables because they increased his appetite, and when he walked in thorny places he raised his garments, saying: "The breaches in my legs will heal of themselves but the breaches in my garments will not". At the age of sixteen he married the daughter of Hanan bar Rava and together they had se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hanan Bar Rava
Ḥanan bar Rava (חנן/חנא/חנין בר רב/א) or Ḥanan bar Abba (חנן בר א/בא) was a Talmudic sage and second-generation Babylonian Amora. He lived in Israel, moved to Babylonia with Abba b. Aybo, and died there ca. 290 CE. He is distinct from the late-generation Babylonian Amora of the same name who apparently conversed with Ashi (352-427 CE). Ḥanan b. Rava's father was not Abba b. Joseph b. Ḥama (called Rava in the Talmud), who lived a century later. Ḥanan b. Rava was the son-in-law of Abba b. Aybo (Rav), tutored Rav's son Hiyya b. Rav, and is often quoted relaying Rav's teachings or describing his customs. He was the father-in-law of Ḥisda, by whom he had at least seven grandsons, two granddaughters, two great-granddaughters, and four great-great-grandchildren, including Amemar b. Yenuqa. Bizna, Z'era, Kahana b. Taḥlifa, Nachman b. Yaakov, G'neva, Ḥisda, Abin, and others relay his teachings in the Talmud. In 1997, the Supreme Cour ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rav Chisda's Daughter
Rav Chisda's daughter was the daughter of the second-generation Amora Rav Chisda, and the wife of the third-generation Amora Rami bar Hama. After her husband's death, she married another Amora, Rava. She is mentioned 10 times in the Talmud as "Rav Chisda's daughter" but her own name is unknown. Family Rav Chisda's daughter was a descendant of several generations of Torah scholars. Her father was Rav Chisda. Her mother was the daughter of Rav Hanan bar Rava, the son-in-law of Abba Arikha (known as Rav). Despite her marriages, she was always referred to as Rav Chisda's daughter, and never Rava's wife. Even Rava himself called her Rav Chisda's daughter. Personality The Talmud describes how as a young child she predicted she would marry her father's two students: The prophecy of Rav Chisda's daughter was fulfilled, and after the death of Rami bar Hama she married Rava. However, there were about 10 years between Rami bar Hama's death and her marriage to Rava. In the intervenin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sheshet
Rav Sheshet () was an amora of the third generation of the Talmudic academies in Babylonia (then Asoristan, now Lower Mesopotamia, Iraq). His name is sometimes read Shishat or Bar Shishat. Biography He was a colleague of Rav Nachman, with whom he had frequent arguments concerning questions of halakha. His teacher's name is not definitively known, but Rav Sheshet was an auditor at Rav Huna's lectures. It is certain that he was ''not'' a pupil of Abba Arikha (Rav), since certain sayings of his displeased him, he criticized them with a disrespect which he would not have shown toward his own teacher, saying: "he must have spoken thus when he was asleep". Sheshet lived first at Nehardea, where he used to study in the Great Synagogue of Baghdad, going thence to Mahuza, and later to Shilhe, where he founded an academy. He was feeble in body, but nevertheless had an iron will and great energy. His learning Although he was blind, he was compensated by a very retentive memory, for he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jamnith
Jamnith (), also Jabnith, Yavnit (), Iamnia, or in medieval parlance, Ibnit / Abnit / Ovnit, is a ruin in the Upper Galilee that came to renown during the First Jewish Revolt in the 1st-century CE. The ruin, known locally by the name ''Khurbet esh-Sheikh Banit'', or simply ''Kh. Banît'', lies about to the northeast of Safed, in the Biriya Forest, and was once a fortified town towards the northeast of Mount Canaan (Hebrew: ''Har Kena'an''), upon a hill called ''Har Yavnit''. The hill on which the village ruins lie rises above sea level and overlooks the Hula valley. Access to the ruin is now restricted because of an enclosed military installation built over the site. The village is mentioned twice in the writings of Josephus as being in the Upper Galilee; once in ''The Jewish War'' (2.20.6) under the appellation Ἰαμνειθ, and again in ''Vita'' §37 under the name Ίαμνια, and is distinguished from the Jamnia of Judaea. Josephus testifies of himself that he assis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aggadah
Aggadah (, or ; ; 'tales', 'legend', 'lore') is the non-legalistic exegesis which appears in the classical rabbinic literature of Judaism, particularly the Talmud and Midrash. In general, Aggadah is a compendium of rabbinic texts that incorporates folklore, historical anecdotes, moral exhortations, and practical advice in various spheres, from business to medicine. Etymology The Hebrew word () is derived from the Hebrew root , meaning "declare, make known, expound", also known from the common Hebrew verb .Berachyahu Lifshitz, "Aggadah Versus Haggadah : Towards a More Precise Understanding of the Distinction", ''Diné Yisrael'' 24 (2007): page 23 (English section). The majority scholarly opinion is that the Hebrew word ''aggadah'' () and corresponding Aramaic ''aggadta'' (אֲגַדְתָּא) are variants of ''haggadah'' based on a common linguistic shift from ''haphalah'' to ''aphalah'' forms. However, a minority of scholars believe that these words derive from a separate Ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Torah
The Torah ( , "Instruction", "Teaching" or "Law") is the compilation of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, namely the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy. The Torah is also known as the Pentateuch () or the Five Books of Moses. In Rabbinical Jewish tradition it is also known as the Written Torah (, ). If meant for liturgic purposes, it takes the form of a Torah scroll ( '' Sefer Torah''). If in bound book form, it is called '' Chumash'', and is usually printed with the rabbinic commentaries (). In rabbinic literature, the word ''Torah'' denotes both the five books ( "Torah that is written") and the Oral Torah (, "Torah that is spoken"). It has also been used, however, to designate the entire Hebrew Bible. The Oral Torah consists of interpretations and amplifications which according to rabbinic tradition have been handed down from generation to generation and are now embodied in the Talmud and Midrash. Rabbinic tradition's underst ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pumbedita
Pumbedita ( ''Pūm Bəḏīṯāʾ'', "Mouth of the Bedita"See The river "Bedita" has not been identified.) was an ancient city located in modern-day Iraq. It is known for having hosted the Pumbedita Academy. History The city of Pumbedita was said to have possessed a Jewish population since the days of Second Temple of Jerusalem. The city had a large Jewish population and was famed for its Pumbedita Academy, whose scholarship, together with the city of Sura, gave rise to the Babylonian Talmud. The academy there was founded by Judah ben Ezekiel in the late third century. The academy was established after the destruction of the academy of Nehardea. Nehardea, being the capital city, was destroyed during the Persian–Palmyrian war. Location Guy Le Strange, in his geography of Mesopotamia in the Abbasid era constructed from Ibn Serapion (ca. 900), cited a possible location for Pumbedita: :The Nahr-al-Badāt was a long drainage channel taken from the left bank of the Kūfah a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rosh Mesivta
The title ''rosh mesivta'' (alt. ''rosh metivta''; ; from Jewish Babylonian Aramaic ''rêsh mṯivtā'' ), abbreviated as Ram (), is a term in Jewish education for the person in charge of a Jewish all-boys high school, as "Rosh" in Hebrew means "Head", and "Mesivta" is the accepted term for a Jewish all-boys high school. The term has a long history, going back many centuries. The role is comparable to a dean in a university. Just as a chancellor outranks a dean, a rosh yeshiva Rosh yeshiva or Rosh Hayeshiva (, plural, pl. , '; Anglicized pl. ''rosh yeshivas'') is the title given to the dean of a yeshiva, a Jewish educational institution that focuses on the study of traditional religious texts, primarily the Talmud and th ..., when both exist, is higher. See also * Mesivta References Orthodox rabbinic roles and titles Jewish religious occupations Hebrew words and phrases {{Yeshiva-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Halakha
''Halakha'' ( ; , ), also Romanization of Hebrew, transliterated as ''halacha'', ''halakhah'', and ''halocho'' ( ), is the collective body of Judaism, Jewish religious laws that are derived from the Torah, Written and Oral Torah. ''Halakha'' is based on biblical commandments (''Mitzvah, mitzvot''), subsequent Talmudic and Mitzvah#Rabbinic mitzvot, rabbinic laws, and the customs and traditions which were compiled in the many books such as the ''Shulchan Aruch'' or ''Mishneh Torah''. ''Halakha'' is often translated as "Jewish law", although a more literal translation might be "the way to behave" or "the way of walking". The word is derived from the Semitic root, root, which means "to behave" (also "to go" or "to walk"). ''Halakha'' not only guides religious practices and beliefs; it also guides numerous aspects of day-to-day life. Historically, widespread observance of the laws of the Torah is first in evidence beginning in the second century BCE, and some say that the first evide ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kohen
Kohen (, ; , ، Arabic كاهن , Kahen) is the Hebrew word for "priest", used in reference to the Aaronic Priest#Judaism, priesthood, also called Aaronites or Aaronides. They are traditionally believed, and halakha, halakhically required, to be of direct Patrilineality, patrilineal descent from the biblical Aaron (also ''Aharon''), brother of Moses, and thus belong to the Tribe of Levi. During the existence of the Temple in Jerusalem (and previously the Tabernacle), ''kohanim'' performed the Temple korban, sacrificial offerings, which were only permitted to be offered by them. Following Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE), its destruction, it seems that most of them joined the Synagogal Judaism, Synagogal Jewish movement before adopting gradually Rabbinic Judaism, other types of Judaism, List of converts to Christianity from Judaism, Christianity or List of converts to Islam from Judaism, Islam. Today, ''kohanim'' retain a lesser though distinct status within Rabbinic Judaism, Rabbinic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abraham Ibn Daud
Abraham ibn Daud (; ) was a Spanish-Jewish astronomer, historian and philosopher; born in Córdoba, Spain about 1110; who was said to have been killed for his religious beliefs in Toledo, Spain, about 1180. He is sometimes known by the abbreviation Rabad I or Ravad I or Ravaad I or Ra'avad I. His maternal grandfather was Isaac Albalia. Some scholars believe he was the Arabic-into-Latin translator known as ''Avendauth''. Works His chronicle, a work written in Hebrew in 1161 under the title of ''Sefer ha-Qabbalah'' (; some manuscripts give the title as ''Seder ha-Qabbalah'', i.e. the "Order of Tradition"), in which he fiercely attacked the contentions of Karaism and justified Rabbinic Judaism by the establishment of a chain of traditions from Moses to his own time, is replete with valuable general information, especially relating to the time of the Geonim and to the history of the Jews in Spain. In his book he attempted to explain how the pre-Inquisition Spanish Jewish communi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Judah Bar Ezekiel
Judah bar Ezekiel (220–299 CE) () often known as Rav Yehudah, was a Babylonian amora of the 2nd generation. Biography Judah was the most prominent disciple of Rav, in whose house he often stayed, and whose son Hiyya b. Rav was his pupil. After Rav's death Judah went to Samuel of Nehardea, who esteemed him highly and called him "Shinena" (= "sharpwitted", or "he with the long teeth"). He remained with Samuel until he founded a school of his own at Pumbedita. He died there in 299 CE. Judah was celebrated for his piety, and it is related that whenever he ordained a fast in time of drought rain fell. His sons Isaac and Judah also became known as rabbis. Teachings Judah possessed such great zeal for learning and such tireless energy that he even omitted daily prayer in order to secure more time for study, and prayed but once in thirty days. This diligence, together with a remarkably retentive memory, made it possible for him to collect and transmit the greater part of Rav's, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
