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Ștefan Protopopescu
Ștefan Protopopescu (14 January 1886 – 10 October 1929) was a Romanian officer and aviation pioneer, he held the no. 1 pilot license in Romania, being the first licensed pilot in Romania and the first pilot of the Romanian Army. Military career Ștefan Protopopescu, "Bîrță" for friends, was born on 14 January 1886 at Turnu Severin. After graduating from Traian National College, Traian High School in his hometown, he attended the School for Military Engineer Officers in Bucharest, receiving the rank of ''Second lieutenant, Sublocotenent''. Attracted by aviation, he started pilot training at the Cerchez & Co., flight school from Chitila together with Lt. Stelian Boiangiu, Slt. Nicolae Druțu and Slt. Gheorghe Negrescu. He graduated on 9 July 1911, receiving the no. 1 pilot license in Romania, being followed by , who received his license 8 days later. After getting his license, he participated in the autumn military maneuvers that took place at Pașcani-Roman, Romania, Roman ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turnu Severin
Drobeta-Turnu Severin (), colloquially Severin, is a city in Mehedinți County, Oltenia, Romania, on the northern bank of the Danube, close to the Iron Gates. It is one of six Romanian county seats lying on the river Danube. "Drobeta" is the name of the ancient Dacian and Roman towns at the site, and the modern town of Turnu Severin received the additional name of Drobeta during Nicolae Ceaușescu's national-communist dictatorship as part of his myth-making efforts. Etymology Drobeta was originally a Dacian town.Drobeta–Turnu Severin at britannica.com, accessed 2021-10-14. The Roman fort built by Emperor a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Traian National College
Traian National College () is a high school located at 6 Carol I Boulevard in Drobeta-Turnu Severin, Romania. The idea of a high school for Turnu Severin appeared in 1864, when the nascent Romanian state implemented an education reform; at the time, local students had to go to Craiova or elsewhere for high school.Pruna, p. 2 A normal school opened in 1877; it was named after the Roman emperor Trajan due to his association with the local Trajan's Bridge. Meanwhile, an apprentices' school was founded in 1872.Pruna, p. 3 The two institutions had shut down by 1883, when their furniture and books were used to establish a new gymnasium. The first years were difficult: the school was located in several rented buildings and in the old town hall; there were a maximum of four teachers for nearly 80 students.Pruna, p. 4 A permanent building, designed by Alexandru Săvulescu, was approved in 1890. Prime Minister Gheorghe Manu attended the groundbreaking, alongside Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aerial Victory Standards Of World War I
During World War I, the national air services involved developed their own methods of assessing and assigning credit for aerial victories. For various reasons, all belligerents engaged in overclaiming aerial victories to a greater or lesser degree. The accuracy of reported aerial victories varied widely according to definitions and terminology, how strict the standards of verification were defined and upheld, and how well they were able to control for all sorts of cognitive biases in assessing the evidence of aerial victory claims. Introduction As aerial combat was a new phenomenon at the war's outbreak, it drew a lot of attention in the press. The idea of " flying aces" (first coined by the French in 1915) who defeated multiple opponents in the skies quickly became popular, but initially there were no rules for determining who "won" an aerial engagement, or what criteria makes someone an "ace". Former '' Wings'' editor Wayne Ralph (2008) observed: 'In the First World War, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order Of Michael The Brave
The Order of Michael the Brave () is Romania's highest military decoration, instituted by King of Romania, King Ferdinand I of Romania, Ferdinand I during the early stages of the Romanian Campaign (World War I), Romanian Campaign of the World War I, First World War, and was again awarded in the World War II, Second World War. The Order, which may be bestowed either on an individual or on a whole unit, was named in honor of Michael the Brave (''Mihai Viteazul''), the late 16th-century Prince of Wallachia, Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711), Transylvania, and Moldavia. Data : Requirements: Awarded to officers only for exceptional deeds on the battlefield. It is the highest ranking Romanian military order. : Classes: 3rd, 2nd and 1st : Date Instituted: September 26, 1916 : Number awarded: 2184 :: ''During WW1:'' ::: 1st class: 16 ::: 2nd class: 12 ::: 3rd class: 336 (of which 43 awarded to military units) :: ''During WW2:'' ::: 1st class: 15 ::: 2nd class: 76 (of which 13 award ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maurice Gond
Colonel Maurice Roch Gond (31 May 1884 – 11 May 1964) was a World War I flying ace who played a much more important role in his nation's affairs than six aerial victories might suggest. He was a professional soldier who worked his way up from Soldat to officer's rank in active colonial service from 1902 to 1912. He was serving as a lieutenant in the Dragoons when World War I began on 26 June 1914. During the first year of World War I, he won two citations for valor. Gond then switched to aviation duty, becoming an aerial observer in September 1915. After gaining flight experience, he was trained as a pilot and flew a Caudron G.4. After he completed advanced training, he was appointed to the French Military Mission to the Kingdom of Romania after that nation's entry into World War I on 27 August 1916. During the year he served in Romania, Gond was an inspirational, courageous, and diplomatic leader of the ''Escadrille Franco-Roumaine N3'' or ''Escadrila N.3'' in Romanian. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1st Romanian Army
The First Army was a field army of the Romanian Land Forces, active from 1916 to 2000. The successor of the First Army was the 1st Infantry Division. World War I The First Army took part in the Romanian Campaign of World War I. Its commanders during that time were : * Divisional General Ioan Culcer: 15 August 1916 – 11 October 1916 * Brigadier General Ioan Dragalina: 11 October 1916 – 12 October 1916 * Brigadier General Nicolae Petala: 13 October 1916 – 21 October 1916 * Brigadier General Paraschiv Vasilescu: 21 October 1916 – 12 November 1916 * Brigadier General Dumitru Stratilescu: 13 November 1916 – 19 December 1916 * Divisional General Constantin Christescu: 11 June 1917 – 30 July 1917 * Divisional General Eremia Grigorescu: 30 July 1917 – 1 July 1918 World War II During Operation München, when Romania entered World War II on the side of the Axis in June–July 1941, the First Army was in the interior of Romania while the Third and Fourth Armies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romania In World War I
The Kingdom of Romania was neutral for the first two years of World War I, entering on the side of the Allies of World War I, Allied powers from 27 August 1916 until Central Powers, Central Power occupation led to the Treaty of Bucharest (1918), Treaty of Bucharest in May 1918, before reentering the war on 10 November 1918. It had the most significant oil fields in Europe, and German Empire, Germany eagerly bought its petroleum, as well as food exports. From the point of view of its belligerent status, Romania was a neutral country between 28 July 1914 and 27 August 1916, a belligerent country on the part of the Allies of World War I, Entente from 27 August 1916 to 9 December 1917, in a state of armistice with the Central Powers from 10 December 1917 to 7 May 1918, a non-combatant country between 7 May 1918 and 10 November 1918, and finally a belligerent country in the Entente between 10 and 11 November 1918. At the start of World War I, King of Romania, King Carol I of Romania f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wireless Telegraphy
Wireless telegraphy or radiotelegraphy is the transmission of text messages by radio waves, analogous to electrical telegraphy using electrical cable, cables. Before about 1910, the term ''wireless telegraphy'' was also used for other experimental technologies for transmitting telegraph signals without wires. In radiotelegraphy, information is transmitted by pulses of radio waves of two different lengths called "dots" and "dashes", which spell out text messages, usually in Morse code. In a manual system, the sending operator taps on a switch called a telegraph key which turns the transmitter on and off, producing the pulses of radio waves. At the radio receiver, receiver the pulses are audible in the receiver's speaker as beeps, which are translated back to text by an operator who knows Morse code. Radiotelegraphy was the first means of radio communication. The first practical radio transmitters and radio receiver, receivers invented in 1894–1895 by Guglielmo Marconi used radi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constanța
Constanța (, , ) is a city in the Dobruja Historical regions of Romania, historical region of Romania. A port city, it is the capital of Constanța County and the country's Cities in Romania, fourth largest city and principal port on the Black Sea coast. It is also the oldest continuously inhabited city in the region, founded around 600 BC, and among the List of oldest continuously inhabited cities, oldest in Europe. As of the 2021 Romanian census, 2021 census, Constanța has a population of 263,688. The Constanța metropolitan area includes 14 localities within of the city. It is one of the largest metropolitan areas in Romania. Ethnic Romanians became a majority in the city in the early 20th century. The city still has small Tatars, Tatar and Greek people, Greek communities, which were substantial in previous centuries, as well as Turkish people, Turkish and Romani people, Romani residents, among others. Constanța has a rich multicultural heritage, as, throughout history, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turnu-Severin
Drobeta-Turnu Severin (), colloquially Severin, is a city in Mehedinți County, Oltenia, Romania, on the northern bank of the Danube, close to the Iron Gates. It is one of six Romanian county seats lying on the river Danube. "Drobeta" is the name of the ancient Dacian and Roman towns at the site, and the modern town of Turnu Severin received the additional name of Drobeta during Nicolae Ceaușescu's national-communist dictatorship as part of his myth-making efforts. Etymology Drobeta was originally a Dacian town.Drobeta–Turnu Severin at britannica.com, accessed 2021-10-14. The built by Emperor |
George Valentin Bibescu
George III Valentin, Prince Bibescu (; 22 March 1880 – 2 July 1941) was a Romanian early aviation pioneer and automobile enthusiast. Family His parents were Prince George Bibescu (1834–1902; son of Gheorghe Bibescu) and Valentine de Riquet de Caraman. On 29 July 1902, he married Marthe Lucie Lahovary (1886–1973), who took the name Marthe Bibesco. They had one daughter, Valentina, born 27 August 1903. In 1912, he gave his wife as a present the Mogoșoaia Palace. Automobiles Bibescu, together with the engineer and explorer Bazil Assan and the baron Barbu Bellu, was the first person to bring an automobile to Romania. The first two requested one from the brand FN Herstal. Since Bibescu did not have the time to register it, in 1900, Assan became the first person in the country to receive a Vehicle registration plate, 1B. However, Bibescu did not want to allow this, so the Capital Prefecture made an exception and gave him in 1901 the plate 0B, making him the owner of the fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman, Romania
Roman () is a Municipiu, city located in the central part of Western Moldavia, a traditional region of Romania. It is located east of Piatra Neamț, in Neamț County at the confluence of the rivers Siret (river), Siret and Moldova (river), Moldova. Its name was taken from Moldavian Voivode Roman I of Moldavia. From here prince Roman realized the centralization of Moldavia, the city of Roman being the capital of the Lower Country of Moldavia (). Geography Roman is located in north-eastern Romania, in Neamț County, in the historic region of Moldavia, at the mouth of the Moldova (river), Moldova River, a tributary to the Siret (river), Siret. The nearest large city is Bacău, away on Roads in Romania, national road DN2 and on the Căile Ferate Române, CFR Căile Ferate Române Line 500, Suceava–Bucharest railway; Piatra Neamț, the county capital, is 46 km away and Iași, the historic capital of Moldavia, is away. History The earliest mention of the city is in the Novgorod Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
