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žamatun
A ''gavit'' (; gawit’) or ''zhamatun'' (Armenian: ) is a congressional room or mausoleum added to the entrance of a church, and therefore often contiguous to its west side, in a Medieval Armenian monastery. It served as narthex (entrance to the church), mausoleum and assembly room, somewhat like the narthex or lite of a Byzantine church. As an architectural element, the gavit was distinct from the church, and built afterwards. Its first known instance is at the Horomos Monastery, dated to 1038, when it was already called "žamatun". The term "gavit" started to replace the term ''zhamatum from 1181, when it first appears in an inscription at the Sanahin Monastery. History The ''gavit'', the distinctive Armenian style of narthex, appeared in the tenth and eleventh centuries. The first structures in the 10th century were simple quadrangular buildings without columns and protected by wooden roofs, used as dynastic necropoleis. From the 11th century, the first known ''zhamatun'' wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harichavank Monastery
The Harichavank (; transliterated as ''Harijavank'' or ''Harichavank'') is a 7th century Armenian monastery located near the village of Harich (Armenian: Հառիճ) in the Shirak Province of Armenia. The village is 3 km southeast of the town of Artik. History Harichavank is known as one of the most famous monastic centers in Armenia, and it was especially renowned for its school and scriptorium. Archaeological excavations of 1966 indicate that Harich was in existence during the 2nd century BC, and was one of the more well-known fortress towns in Armenia. The oldest part of this Armenian monastery is the Church of St. Gregory the Enlightener (Սբ. Գրիգոր Լուսավորիչ); it is a domed structure that is usually placed in the category of so-called "Mastara-style" churches (named after the fifth century church of St. Hovhannes in the village of Mastara, in the southern part of Shirak). The founding date of the monastery is unknown, but it was probably bui ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Horomos Monastery
Horomos (), also known as Horomosivank, Ghoshavank, Hochavank or Khosha Vank, is an abandoned and ruined medieval Armenian monastic complex about 15 kilometers northeast of the ruins of Ani—the capital of Bagratid Armenia—) in present-day eastern Turkey. With its collection of churches, chapels and tombs, Horomos has been described as one of the most significant spiritual and cultural religious centers in medieval Armenia and one of the largest in all the Christian East. History Horomos was founded by a group of Armenian monks around 931-36, during the reign of King Abas I Bagratuni (r. ca. 929-953). The monastic complex was enlarged over time and came to include the individual churches of Sts. John, Minas, and George, a series of large halls ( gavits), a triumphal arch, and various smaller chapels and mausolea. It served as a burial ground for noble families, particularly Ashot III of Armenia (r. 953–77), Gagik I of Armenia (r. 989-1020), Yovhannēs-Smbat, and the Zak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abassid
The Abbasid Caliphate or Abbasid Empire (; ) was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It was founded by a dynasty descended from Muhammad's uncle, Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (566–653 CE), from whom the dynasty takes its name. After overthrowing the Umayyad Caliphate in the Abbasid Revolution of 750 CE (132 AH), they ruled as caliphs based in modern-day Iraq, with Baghdad being their capital for most of their history. The Abbasid Revolution had its origins and first successes in the easterly region of Khurasan, far from the Levantine center of Umayyad influence. The Abbasid Caliphate first centered its government in Kufa, modern-day Iraq, but in 762 the caliph al-Mansur founded the city of Baghdad as the new capital. Baghdad became the center of science, culture, arts, and invention in what became known as the Golden Age of Islam. By housing several key academic institutions, including the House of Wisdom, as well as a multiethnic and multi-rel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vardapet
A ''vardapet'' (, Eastern Armenian: ; Western Armenian: ''vartabed'', ) is a title given to highly educated hieromonks in the Armenian Apostolic Church. It has been variously translated as 'doctor', 'doctor-monk', 'archimandrite', or 'doctor of theology'. The term originated from ''vardbad'', a Middle Persian term, while the Parthian language, Parthian variant, ''varžapet'', is retained in Armenian for "teacher". James R. Russell said that the Middle Persian form indicates that the Christian Armenian title was adopted on the model of a Sasanian Zoroastrian office. The term vardapet, which in Classical Armenian had the primary meaning of 'teacher' or 'head teacher', has been used in the Armenian Church from its earliest days. Mesrop Mashtots, the creator of the Armenian alphabet, is regarded as the first great vardapet. A vardapet has the right to interpret scripture, preach and, especially, to teach. A vardapet's staff (') is a symbol of his office. The title of vardapet require ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
K‘urd
Vachutian dynasty (in Armenian Վաչուտյան տուն or Վաչուտյաններ) was an Armenian noble feudal family headed by a line of princes with the title "Prince of Princes" (in Armenian Իշխանաց իշխան pronounced Ishkhanats Ishkhan), that ruled as a suzerainty in part of Medieval Armenia from around 1206 AD to 1350 AD in the Ayraradian area and Aragatsotn Aparan (present day Aragatsotn Province in Armenia). The Vachutian dynasty was founded by Vache I Amberdtsi (also known as Vachutyan) in the beginning of the thirteenth century as one of the ruling families of the semi-independent Zakarid Armenia (1201–1335), as Zakare II Zakarian and Ivane I Zakarian had reorganized Armenia into several provinces each ruled by a feudal prince, amongst them the descendants of Vachut. Throughout their rule, the Vachutians kept close family relations through marriages with other Armenian feudal princes like the Zakarids (Զաքարյաններ) the latter keeping the t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ivane I Zakarian
Ivane I Zakarian (; ka, ივანე I მხარგრძელი, tr) was an Armenian prince, and a Court official of the Kingdom of Georgia holding the offices of '' Msakhurtukhutsesi'' (Majordomo) and ''Atabeg'' (Governor General) for Queen Tamar of Georgia during the early 13th centuries. He was a prince of the Zakarid dynasty, the son of Sargis Zakarian, and the younger brother and successor of Zakare II Zakarian. He was also ruler of feudal lands in the Kingdom of Georgia. Biography The brothers, Zakare and Ivane Zakarian, who were sons of Sargis, were the most successful representatives of the family, who were military commanders under Queen Tamar. Zakare and Ivane took Dvin in 1193 from the Seljuk Eldiguzids. They also took Sevan, Bjni, Amberd and Bargushat, and all the towns above the city of Ani, up to the bridge of Khodaafarin bridge. Around the year 1199, they took the city of Ani, and in 1201, Tamar gave Ani to them as a principality. Eventually, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zakare II Zakarian
Zakaria Mkhargrdzeli (, ), was a Georgian prince and a Court official of the Kingdom of Georgia holding the office of '' amirspasalar'' (Commander-in-Chief) of the Georgian army for Queen Tamar of Georgia, during the late 12th and early 13th centuries. He was a member of the Mkargrdzeli dynasty, and ruler of feudal lands in the Kingdom of Georgia. Biography Zakare along with his father Sargis supported the rebellion of Prince Demna and the Orbelian family in 1177, however they soon sided with George III and fought for the monarchy against the insurgents. The rebellion was suppressed, and King George III elevated the Zakarid–Mkhargrdzeli family. Following the death of George III, Queen Tamar elevated Sargis Zakarian (Mkhargrdzeli)— a well-born valorous man, well-trained in battle — to the office of '' Amirspasalar'' ( Lord High Constable) and granted him possessions over Lori (which was deprived of from Kubasar). She gave presents to his elder son, Zakare, and his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sargis Zakarian
Sargis Zakarian ( ka, სარგის მხარგრძელი, tr; ) was a founder of the Zakarid dynasty line. He was a Court officials of the Kingdom of Georgia, Court official of the Kingdom of Georgia, holding the offices of ''Amirspasalar'' (Commander-in-Chief) for Queen Tamar of Georgia during the late 12th century. He was also ruler of feudal lands in the Kingdom of Georgia. He had two particularly famous sons: Ivane I Zakarian and Zakare II Zakarian. Sargis rose to prominence at the Georgian court in 1177, when he supported George III of Georgia during a revolt of his feudal lords. He was Commander-in-Chief of the Georgian army (''Amirspasalar'') from 1185, and he died in 1187 by the Georgian Queen Tamar. His son Zakare II Zakarian would inherit the title a few years later, from 1191. Sargis appears in various inscriptions of the time, such as the dedicatory inscription for the repair of the Church of St. Amenaprkitch in Sanahin Monastery and the construction o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amirspasalar
''Amirspasalar'' or ''amirspasalari'' ( ka, ამირსპასალარი, from , ) was the commander-in-chief of the medieval Georgian army and one of the highest officials of the Kingdom of Georgia, commonly rendered as "Lord High Constable" (and sometimes also as ''generalissimo'') in English. It is composed of ''amir'', an Arabic term meaning 'commander', 'governor', or 'prince'; and '' sipahsalar'', from the Persian for 'army commander'.Robert Bedrosian, "Amirspasalar", in: Joseph Reese Strayer (1983), ''Dictionary of the Middle Ages'', p. 235. Scribner, . The ''amirspasalar'' was a wartime supreme commander-in-chief of the royal armies, and the bearer of the state flag. Under Queen Tamar (r. 1184–1213), it was the third great office of the Georgian state, after King and '' atabek''. '' The Institution of the Royal Court'', most probably codified during the second reign of George V (1314–1346) defines the office as "an honorary vizier and the head of army". ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George III Of Georgia
George III ( ka, გიორგი III, tr) (died 27 March 1184), of the Bagrationi dynasty, was the 8th King ('' mepe'') of Georgia from 1156 to 1184. He became king when his father, Demetrius I, died in 1156, which was preceded by his brother's revolt against their father in 1154. His reign was part of what would be called the Georgian Golden Age – a historical period in the High Middle Ages, during which the Kingdom of Georgia reached the peak of its military power and development. Life He succeeded on his father Demetrius I's death in 1156. He changed his father's defensive policy into a more aggressive one and resumed offensive against the neighboring Seljuqid rulers in Armenia. The same year he ascended to the throne, George launched a successful campaign against the Shah-Armens. It may be said that the Shah-Armen took part in almost all the campaigns undertaken against Georgia between 1130s to 1160s. Moreover, Shah-Armens enlisted the assistance of Georgian feudals di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
