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Štefica Galić
Štefica Galić (born 16 March 1963) is a Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnian-Herzegovinian journalist and human rights activist. During the Croat–Bosniak War, Galić saved about a thousand people from internment in a detention camp. She is a vocal critic of nationalist politics. Since September 2019, Štefica Galić has been protected by the Bundestag. Wartime activities Štefica Galić is an ethnic Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croat from the Herzegovina, Herzegovinian town of Ljubuški, in southern Bosnia and Herzegovina. In 1992, the Croat–Bosniak War broke out, part of the larger Bosnian War and the more larger Yugoslav Wars. The Bosniaks of Ljubuški were rounded up by the Croatian Defence Council on 15 August 1993. Štefica Galić and her husband, photographer Nedjeljko "Neđo" Galić, worked to prevent the deportation of the Bosniaks of Ljubuški to the detention camps of Dretelj camp, Dretelj, Gabela camp, Gabela, and Heliodrom camp, Heliodrom. The Galićs falsified ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kozarčanka
( sh-Cyrl, Козарчанка, lit=Woman from Kozara) is a World War II photograph that became iconic in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Shot by Yugoslav artistic photographer Žorž Skrigin in northern Bosnia during the winter of 1943–44, it shows a smiling female Partisan wearing a Titovka cap and with an MP-40 slung over her shoulder. The subject of the portrait is Milja Marin (; sr-cyr, Миља Марин, ), a Bosnian Serb from a village at the foot of Mount Kozara. Shortly after the war, she married a fellow Partisan Pero Marin and lived in the town of Prijedor; she died in 2007 at the age of 81. ''Kozarčanka'' was featured in widely circulated school textbooks, war monographs and posters, as well as on the cover of Merlin's 1986 album '' Teško meni sa tobom (a još teže bez tebe)''. Milja's identity as the subject of the photograph was not widely known in Socialist Yugoslavia. Background In April 1941, the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was invad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Balkan Insight
''Balkan Insight'' is a website of the Balkan Investigative Reporting Network (BIRN) that focuses on news, socio-political analysis, commentary, and investigative reporting from Southeastern Europe Southeast Europe or Southeastern Europe is a geographical sub-region of Europe, consisting primarily of the region of the Balkans, as well as adjacent regions and Archipelago, archipelagos. There are overlapping and conflicting definitions of t .... It is run by journalists in southeast Europe. BIRN was founded in 2004 as a network of non-governmental organizations to promote a strong, independent, and free media in the Balkans and Eastern Europe. ''Balkan Insight'' is the successor of BIRN's "Balkan Crisis Report" newsletter. It reports from Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Moldova, Romania, and Serbia. Reception ''Neue Zürcher Zeitung'' reported that ''Balkan Insight'' is a "highly regarded Internet portal" and BIRN is "val ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oskar Schindler
Oskar Schindler (; 28 April 1908 – 9 October 1974) was a German industrialist, humanitarian, and member of the Nazi Party who is credited with saving the lives of 1,200 Jews during the Holocaust by employing them in his enamelware and ammunitions factories in occupied Poland and the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. He is the subject of the 1982 novel ''Schindler's Ark'' and its 1993 film adaptation, Schindler's List, ''Schindler's List''. Schindler grew up in Svitavy, Zwittau, Moravia, and worked in several trades until he joined the ''Abwehr'', the military intelligence service of Nazi Germany, in 1936. Before the beginning of the German occupation of Czechoslovakia in 1938, he collected information on railways and troop movements for the German government. He was arrested for espionage by the Czechoslovak government but was released under the terms of the Munich Agreement that year. He continued to collect information for the Nazis, working in Poland in 1939 before t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communism
Communism () is a political sociology, sociopolitical, political philosophy, philosophical, and economic ideology, economic ideology within the history of socialism, socialist movement, whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered on common ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange that allocates products in society based on need.: "One widespread distinction was that socialism socialised production only while communism socialised production and consumption." A communist society entails the absence of private property and social classes, and ultimately money and the State (polity), state. Communists often seek a voluntary state of self-governance but disagree on the means to this end. This reflects a distinction between a Libertarian socialism, libertarian socialist approach of communization, revolutionary spontaneity, and workers' self-management, and an authoritarian socialism, authoritarian socialist, vanguardis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yugo-nostalgia
Yugo-nostalgia (Slovene language, Slovene, Macedonian language, Macedonian, and sh-Latn-Cyrl, jugonostalgija, југоносталгија) is an emotional longing for the former country of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Yugoslavia which is experienced by some people in its successor countries: the present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, Kosovo, and Slovenia. It is a political and cultural phenomenon that includes nostalgia for a time past when the splintered states were a part of one country, grief over the war that tore it apart, and a desire to again unite. Self-described Yugo-nostalgics may express grief at the failure of brotherly love, unity, and coexistence, and distress at division and nationalism, or they may assert that their quality of life was better in Yugoslavia. While its anthropological and sociological aspects have not been extensively studied, it can also be used negatively and ethnocentrically to denigrate s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prague
Prague ( ; ) is the capital and List of cities and towns in the Czech Republic, largest city of the Czech Republic and the historical capital of Bohemia. Prague, located on the Vltava River, has a population of about 1.4 million, while its Prague metropolitan area, metropolitan area is home to approximately 2.3 million people. Prague is a historical city with Romanesque architecture, Romanesque, Czech Gothic architecture, Gothic, Czech Renaissance architecture, Renaissance and Czech Baroque architecture, Baroque architecture. It was the capital of the Kingdom of Bohemia and residence of several Holy Roman Emperors, most notably Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, Charles IV (r. 1346–1378) and Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor, Rudolf II (r. 1575–1611). It was an important city to the Habsburg monarchy and Austria-Hungary. The city played major roles in the Bohemian Reformation, Bohemian and the Protestant Reformations, the Thirty Years' War and in 20th-century history a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Affidavit
An ( ; Medieval Latin for "he has declared under oath") is a written statement voluntarily made by an ''affiant'' or ''deposition (law), deponent'' under an oath or affirmation which is administered by a person who is authorized to do so by law. Such a statement is witnessed as to the authenticity of the affiant's signature by a taker of oaths, such as a notary public or commissioner of oaths. An affidavit is a type of verified statement or showing, or containing a verification, meaning it is made under oath on penalty of perjury. It serves as evidence for its veracity and is required in court proceedings. Definition An affidavit is typically defined as a written declaration or statement that is sworn or affirmed before a person who has authority to administer an oath. There is no general defined form for an affidavit, although for some proceedings an affidavit must satisfy legal or statutory requirements in order to be considered. An affidavit may include, * a ''commencement ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heliodrom Camp
The Heliodrom camp ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, Logor Heliodrom, Логор Хелиодром) or Heliodrom prison was a detention camp that operated between September 1992 and April 1994. It was run by the Military Police of the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia to detain Bosniaks, Serbs, and other non-Croats and was located at a former military facility of the JNA in Rodoč, south of the town of Mostar. The camp The camp consisted of a sports hall and a three-story central prison building. Conditions at the Heliodrom camp were inhumane, with severe overcrowding, inadequate medical and sanitary facilities, insufficient food and water, inadequate ventilation, and in the summer, suffocating heat. Detainees often slept on concrete floors with no bedding or blankets. On some occasions, HVO guards withheld all food and water from the detainees, in retaliation for HVO military setbacks. Herceg-Bosna/HVO forces regularly mistreated and abused, and allowed the mistreatment and abuse of, Bosniak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gabela Camp
The Gabela camp or Gabela prison was a prison camp run by the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia and Croatian Defence Council in Gabela. The camp was located several kilometres south of Čapljina. Its prisoners were Bosniaks and Serbs. The camp The camp consisted of detention facilities and a munitions warehouse. "Outside observers were not allowed to visit Gabela until August 1993. At this time the ICRC registered 1,100 inmates." The camp facilities were ammunition depots belonging to the former Yugoslav Army, consisting of four hangars marked 0, 1, 2, and 3, and three solitary confinement cells. The hangar size was 200 square metres, and up to 500 persons were held inside each. The detainees were exhausted by starvation and thirst, and were tortured. Ten litres of water were provided per 500 persons per day, so many drank urine to quench their thirst. The detainees had to perform their bodily functions in the hangars. They were forced to sing Croatian nationalist songs and to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dretelj Camp
The Dretelj concentration camp or Dretelj prison was a prison camp run by the Croatian Defence Forces (HOS) and later by the Croatian Defence Council (HVO) during the Bosnian War. The camp The camp was located near Čapljina and Medjugorje in southern Bosnia and Herzegovina. Originally a Yugoslav People's Army barracks, the camp was primarily concrete with six warehouses, along with two concrete tunnels that were dug into the hillsides. Each warehouse was roughly 200 square meters, of which the Bosnian Croats could fit anywhere between 400 and 700 prisoners. During 1992 the HOS detained mostly Serb civilians, who were held in inhumane conditions, while female detainees were raped. The HVO detained Bosniak men at the Dretelj camp primarily from April to September 1993, with some Bosniaks detained there until approximately April 1994. The prison population at Dretelj Prison peaked on 11 July 1993, when the HVO detained approximately 2,270 Bosniak men at the prison. After that, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Detention Camp
Internment is the imprisonment of people, commonly in large groups, without charges or intent to file charges. The term is especially used for the confinement "of enemy citizens in wartime or of terrorism suspects". Thus, while it can simply mean imprisonment, it tends to refer to preventive confinement rather than confinement ''after'' having been convicted of some crime. Use of these terms is subject to debate and political sensitivities. The word ''internment'' is also occasionally used to describe a neutral country's practice of detaining belligerent armed forces and equipment on its territory during times of war, under the Hague Convention of 1907. Interned persons may be held in prisons or in facilities known as internment camps or concentration camps. The term ''concentration camp'' originates from the Spanish–Cuban Ten Years' War when Spanish forces detained Cuban civilians in camps in order to more easily combat guerrilla forces. Over the following decades the Br ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Croatian Defence Council
The Croatian Defence Council (, HVO) was the armed wing of the self-proclaimed Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia, a breakaway entity unrecognised by the international community and accused of ethnic-based violence during the conflict. It existed in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina between 1991 and 1996. The HVO was the main military force of the Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the initial stage of the Bosnian War, the HVO fought alongside the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ARBiH) against the Army of Republika Srpska, but in the latter stage of the conflict clashed against its former ally, particularly in the Mostar area. The European Community Monitoring Mission estimated the strength of the HVO in the beginning of 1993 at 45,000–55,000. In July 1993, the Central Intelligence Agency estimated the HVO forces at 40,000 to 50,000 men. The HVO was incorporated into the Army of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (VFBiH) in December 1995 by fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
