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Šluota
''Šluota'' (literally "broom") was a Lithuanian satire and humour magazine which was published, with hiatuses, from 1934 to 2004. Until 1990, it was published by the Communist Party of Lithuania and contained mainly Communist propaganda. It was the only humour magazine in the Lithuanian SSR and it was popular and well received. According to research of Neringa Klumbytė, artists and writers attempted to subvert the Communist ideology using the Aesopian language in the 1970s and 1980s. History In 1934–1936, ''Šluota'' was published by the Lithuanian Communist Party. Since the party was outlawed in the interwar Lithuania, the publication was also illegal and appeared irregularly. The magazine was initiated by a group of students at the Kaunas Art School who maintained contacts with the Lithuanian Red Aid. The first issue had 16 pages and measured . A total of seven issues appeared during this period. In 1940–1941, during the Soviet occupation of Lithuania (1940), first Sovi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kindziulis
Kindziulis is a fictional character from Lithuanian joke cycle commonly known as "Here came Kindzulis" (). The punch lines of the jokes of this cycle start with the standard phrase "Here comes Kinzsiulis and says:..." The Kindziulis character was created by theatre director and these jokes, written by collective efforts, were regularly printed in the Lithuanian satirical magazine ''Šluota''.''The Storytelling Human. Lithuanian Folk Tradition Today'', 2021,p.249/ref> During the Communist times many of them were an element of Communist propaganda: :A tourist asks, why the Bundestag building is round? :Here comes Kindziulis and says: Where have you seen a circus of a different shape? Kindziulis jokes have become less popular in post-Soviet times. Sample jokes from the Union of Lithuanian Journalists website: :Two citizens are talking: As the building materials became more expensive, it is simply impossible to build a house or an apartment! :Here comes Kindziulis and advises: Bu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Krokodil
''Krokodil'' ( rus, Крокодил, p=krəkɐˈdʲil, a= Ru-крокодил.ogg, ) was a Humor magazine , satirical magazine published in the Soviet Union and later Russia. The first issue was published on 27 August 1922 as the satirical supplement to the ''Rabochaya Gazeta (1922), Workers' Gazette'' (called simply «Приложения» [Supplement]). When it became a separate publication, the name ''Crocodile'' was chosen at an editorial meeting from among a list of suggested animal names.Boris EfimovДесять десятилетий ch. 6: "Тогда пошли в ход всевозможные жалящие и кусающие представители животного мира: оса, еж, шмель, ерш, ястреб, волкодав, скорпион и даже… крокодил." At that time, many satirical magazines existed, such as ''Zanoza'' and ''Prozhektor''. Nearly all of them eventually disappeared. History Krokodil was founded in 1922, firs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Broom
A broom (also known as a broomstick) is a cleaning tool, consisting of usually stiff fibers (often made of materials such as plastic, hair, or corn husks) attached to, and roughly parallel to, a cylindrical handle, the broomstick. It is thus a variety of brush with a long handle. It is commonly used in combination with a dustpan. A distinction is made between a "hard broom" and a "soft broom" and a spectrum in between. Soft brooms are used in some cultures chiefly for sweeping walls of cobwebs and spiders, like a " feather duster", while hard brooms are for rougher tasks like sweeping dirt off sidewalks or concrete floors, or even smoothing and texturing wet concrete. The majority of brooms are somewhere in between, suitable for sweeping the floors of homes and businesses, soft enough to be flexible and to move even light dust, but stiff enough to achieve a firm sweeping action. The broom is also a symbolic object associated with witchcraft and ceremonial magic. Etymology ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Act Of 11 March
The Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania or Act of 11 March () was an independence declaration by Lithuania adopted on 11 March 1990, signed by all members of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Lithuania led by Sąjūdis. The act emphasized restoration and legal continuity of the interwar-period Lithuania, which was occupied by the Soviet Union and annexed in June 1940. In March 1990, it was the first of the 15 Soviet republics to declare independence, with the rest following to continue for 21 months, concluding with Kazakhstan's independence in 1991. These events (part of the broader process dubbed the "parade of sovereignties") led to the dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991. Background Loss of independence After the partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 18th century, Lithuania was part of the Russian Empire. In the aftermath of the Russian Revolution of 1917, the Council of Lithuania, chaired by Jonas Basanavičius, p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lithuanian Satire
Lithuanian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Lithuania, a country in the Baltic region in northern Europe ** Lithuanian language ** Lithuanians, a Baltic ethnic group, native to Lithuania and the immediate geographical region ** Lithuanian cuisine ** Lithuanian culture Other uses * Lithuanian Jews as often called "Lithuanians" (''Lita'im'' or ''Litvaks'') by other Jews, sometimes used to mean Mitnagdim * Grand Duchy of Lithuania * Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth See also * List of Lithuanians This is a list of Lithuanians, both people of Lithuanian descent and people with the birthplace or citizenship of Lithuania. In a case when a person was born in the territory of former Grand Duchy of Lithuania and not in the territory of moder ... {{disambig Language and nationality disambiguation pages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peace Dove
A number of peace symbols have been used many ways in various cultures and contexts. The dove and olive branch was used symbolically by early Christians and then eventually became a secular peace symbol, popularized by a ''Dove'' lithograph by Pablo Picasso after World War II. In the 1950s, the "peace sign", as it is known today (also known as "peace and love"), was designed by Gerald Holtom as the logo for the British Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND), a group at the forefront of the peace movement in the UK, and adopted by anti-war and counterculture activists in the US and elsewhere. The symbol is a superposition of the semaphore signals for the letters "N" and "D", taken to stand for "nuclear disarmament", while simultaneously acting as a reference to Goya's '' The Third of May 1808'' (1814) (aka "Peasant Before the Firing Squad"). The V hand signal and the peace flag also became international peace symbols. Olive branch Classical antiquity The use of the olive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Persecution Of Christians In The Soviet Union
Throughout the history of the Soviet Union (1922–1991), there were periods when Soviet authorities suppressed and persecuted various forms of Christianity to different extents depending on state interests. Soviet Marxist-Leninist policy consistently advocated the control, suppression, and ultimately, the elimination of religious beliefs, and it actively encouraged the propagation of Marxist-Leninist atheism in the Soviet Union. However, most religions were never officially outlawed. The state advocated the destruction of religion, and to achieve this goal, it officially denounced religious beliefs as superstitious and backward. Froese, Paul. "'I am an atheist and a Muslim': Islam, communism, and ideological competition." Journal of Church and State 47.3 (2005) The Communist Party destroyed churches, synagogues, and mosques, ridiculed, harassed, incarcerated and executed religious leaders, as part of the promotion of state atheism.Paul Froese. Forced Secularization ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kolkhoz
A kolkhoz ( rus, колхо́з, a=ru-kolkhoz.ogg, p=kɐlˈxos) was a form of collective farm in the Soviet Union. Kolkhozes existed along with state farms or sovkhoz. These were the two components of the socialized farm sector that began to emerge in Agriculture in the Soviet Union, Soviet agriculture after the October Revolution of 1917, as an antithesis both to the feudalism, feudal structure of impoverished serfdom and aristocracy, aristocratic landlords and to individual or family farming. Initially, a collective farm resembled an updated version of the traditional Russian obshchina "commune", the generic "farming association" (''zemledel’cheskaya artel’''), the Association for Joint Cultivation of Land (TOZ), and finally the kolkhoz. This gradual shift to collective farming in the first 11 years after the October Revolution was turned into a "violent stampede" during the collectivization in the Soviet Union, forced collectivization campaign that began in 1928. Name T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antanas Smetona
Antanas Smetona (; 10 August 1874 – 9 January 1944) was a Lithuanian intellectual, journalist and politician. He served as the first president of Lithuania from 1919 to 1920 and later as the authoritarian head of state from 1926 until the Occupation of the Baltic states, Soviet occupation of Lithuania in 1940. Referred to as the "Leader of the Nation" during his presidency, Smetona is recognised as one of the most important Lithuanian political figures between World War I and World War II, and a prominent ideologist of Lithuanian National Revival, Lithuanian nationalism and the movement for national revival. Born into a farming family in the village of Užulėnis, Kovno Governorate, Smetona exhibited a strong interest in education and Lithuanian cultural identity from an early age. He attended Palanga Progymnasium and later graduated from Jelgava Gymnasium. He pursued higher education at the Saint Petersburg Imperial University, where he studied law and became involved in natio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enemies Of The People
The terms enemy of the people and enemy of the nation are designations for the political opponents and the social-class opponents of the power group within a larger social unit, who, thus identified, can be subjected to political repression. In political praxis, the term ''enemy of the people'' implies that political opposition to the ruling power group renders the people in opposition into enemies acting against the interests of the greater social unit: society, the nation, etc. In the 20th century, the politics of the Soviet Union (1922–1991) much featured the term ''enemy of the people'' to discredit any opposition, especially during the régime of Stalin (r. 1924–1953), when it was often applied to Trotsky. In the 21st century, U.S. president Donald Trump regularly used the ''enemy of the people'' term against critical politicians, journalists and the press. Like the term '' enemy of the state'', the term ''enemy of the people'' originated and derives from the , a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communist Revolution
A communist revolution is a proletarian revolution inspired by the ideas of Marxism that aims to replace capitalism with communism. Depending on the type of government, the term socialism can be used to indicate an intermediate stage between capitalism and communism and may be the goal of the revolution, especially in Marxist–Leninist views. The idea that a proletarian revolution is needed is a cornerstone of Marxism; Marxists believe that the workers of the world must unite and free themselves from capitalist oppression to create a world run by and for the working class. Thus, in the Marxist view, proletarian revolutions need to happen in countries all over the world. Theory Karl Marx saw revolution as a necessity for communism, where the revolution would be based on class struggle led by the organised proletariat to overthrow capitalism and the bourgeoisie, followed by the establishment of a dictatorship of the proletariat. Leninism argues that a communist revolution ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
