Šamaš-erība
The Babylonian revolts of 484 BC were revolts of two rebel kings of Babylon, Bel-shimanni ( Akkadian: ''Bêl-šimânni'') and Shamash-eriba ( Akkadian: ''Šamaš-eriba''), against Xerxes I, king of the Persian Achaemenid Empire. Babylonia had been conquered by the Persians in 539 BC, but through the fifty-five years of Persian rule, the Babylonians had grown dissatisfied with their foreign overlords. Babylon's prestige and significance had diminished as the Persian kings did not become absorbed by the native Babylonian culture and continued to rule from capitals outside of Babylonia. Furthermore, the Persian kings failed in the traditional duties of the Babylonian king in that they rarely partook in Babylon's rituals (which required the presence of a king) and rarely gave cultic gifts in Babylonian temples. Babylonian letters written shortly before the revolt paint a picture of dissatisfaction and concern, as the Persians withdrew the income of Babylonian temple officials without ...
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