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Shusha (, ) or Shushi () is a city in Azerbaijan, in the region of Nagorno-Karabakh. Situated at an altitude of 1,400–1,800 metres (4,600–5,900 ft) in the Karabakh mountains, the city was a mountain resort in the Soviet era. Most sources date Shusha's establishment to the 1750s by Panah Ali Khan, founder of the Karabakh Khanate, coinciding with the foundation of the fortress of Shusha. Some attribute this to an alliance between Panah Ali Khan and Melik Shahnazar, the local Armenian prince () of Varanda. In these accounts, the name of the town originated from a nearby Armenian village called Shosh or Shushikent (see for alternative explanations). Conversely, some sources describe Shusha as an important center within the self-governing Armenian melikdoms of Karabakh in the 1720s, and others say the plateau was already the site of an Armenian fortification.Krunk Hayots Ashkharhin. 8 (1863): p. 622, cited in From the mid-18th century to 1822, Shusha was the capit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ghazanchetsots Cathedral
Holy Savior Cathedral (, ''Surb Amenap′rkich mayr tachar''), commonly referred to as Ghazanchetsots (), is an Armenian Apostolic cathedral in Shusha in Azerbaijan. It is the ''cathedra'' of the Diocese of Artsakh of the Armenian Apostolic Church. Standing high, Ghazanchetsots is one of the largest Armenian churches in the world. A landmark of Shusha and the Karabakh region, and of Armenian cultural and religious identity, it was listed as a cultural and historical monument of the former breakaway Republic of Artsakh. Built between 1868 and 1887, the cathedral was consecrated in 1888. It was damaged during the March 1920 massacre of the city's Armenians—and the destruction of their half of the city—by Azerbaijanis and experienced a decades-long decline well into the Soviet period. During the first Nagorno-Karabakh War Azerbaijan used the cathedral as an armoury to store hundreds of missiles. The cathedral was extensively restored in the aftermath of the first war an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shusha Fortress
The Shusha fortress (, ) or Shushi fortress () is a fortress surrounding the historical centre of Shusha, also called Shushi. The newly conquered castle town was called "Panahabad fortress" named after Panah Ali Khan who together with Melik Shahnazar II, Melik Shahnazar was the founder of the fort. In later years, the city was just called "Fortress". A settlement at Shusha is first recorded in a 15th-century illustrated Armenian gospel which mentions the "Shushu village".Khachikyan L. S., (1955)Memorial records in Armenian manuscripts of 15 c., Part I (1401–1450), Publish. of Academy of Sciences of ArmSSR, p. 384. (in Armenian language, Armenian) The area where the Shusha fortress was built is a mountainous plateau in the form of amphitheater from the west with numerous hills and rifts. The highest area of plateau is 1600 metres and the lowest area is 1300 metres above sea level. At present, the territory of Shusha city consists of plateau with a hill located lengthwise in its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shusha District
Shusha District () is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the west of the country and belongs to the Karabakh Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Khojaly, Lachin, and Khojavend. Its capital and largest city is Shusha. As of 2020, the district had a nominal population of 34,700. Finally villages of Malıbəyli, Aşağı Quşçular and Yuxarı Quşçular were transferred to Khojaly District according to passing law in 5 December 2023. History The district was formerly part of the Shusha District of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (NKAO) of Azerbaijan SSR during the Soviet times. It was the only district of NKAO to have an Azerbaijani majority with a significant Armenian minority. The district came under the control of the Armenian forces during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War and was made part of the Shushi Province of the self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh. However, in 2020, parts of the district, including its capital, Shusha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nagorno-Karabakh
Nagorno-Karabakh (, ; ) is a region in Azerbaijan, covering the southeastern stretch of the Lesser Caucasus mountain range. Part of the greater region of Karabakh, it spans the area between Lower Karabakh and Syunik Province, Syunik. Its terrain mostly consists of mountains and forestland. Most of Nagorno-Karabakh was governed by Armenian people, ethnic Armenians under the breakaway Republic of Artsakh — also known as the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (NKR) — from the end of the first Nagorno-Karabakh War between Armenia and Azerbaijan in 1994 to the announcement of the dissolution of the republic in September 2023. Representatives from the two sides held numerous inconclusive peace talks mediated by the OSCE Minsk Group regarding the region's disputed status, with its majority-Armenian population over time variously advocating either for Artsakh's independence from both states or for its integration into Armenia. The region is usually equated with the administrative borders ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Panah Ali Khan
Panah Ali Khan Javanshir (; ; 1693 – 1759 or 1763) was the founder and first ruler of the Karabakh Khanate under Persian suzerainty. Ancestry Panah Ali Khan was from the Sarijali branch of the Javanshir clan, who with their associate clan of Otuz-Iki (meaning 'thirty-two' in Turkic) had long been rivals of the Yirmi-Dört (meaning 'twenty-four' in Turkic) and Ziyadoghlu Qajars of Ganja, whose chiefs had been official rulers of Karabakh since Safavid times. His father's name was Ibrahim Agha Javanshir, but information on his further ancestry is quite complicated. According to Mirza Adigozal Bey, Panah Ali's paternal great-grandfather and namesake Panah Ali Bey served at the headquarters of the governors (''beglarbegs'') of the Karabakh-Ganja province in the early 17th century, at the time when the region was directly controlled by the Safavid Empire of Iran. He soon retired, married a woman from the Javanshir clan of Karabakh and had a son by the name of Ali (nicknamed '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan, officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, is a Boundaries between the continents, transcontinental and landlocked country at the boundary of West Asia and Eastern Europe. It is a part of the South Caucasus region and is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia's republic of Dagestan to the north, Georgia (country), Georgia to the northwest, Armenia and Turkey to the west, and Iran to the south. Baku is the capital and largest city. The territory of what is now Azerbaijan was ruled first by Caucasian Albania and later by various Persian empires. Until the 19th century, it remained part of Qajar Iran, but the Russo-Persian wars of Russo-Persian War (1804–1813), 1804–1813 and Russo-Persian War (1826–1828), 1826–1828 forced the Qajar Empire to cede its Caucasian territories to the Russian Empire; the treaties of Treaty of Gulistan, Gulistan in 1813 and Treaty of Turkmenchay, Turkmenchay in 1828 defined the border between Russia and Iran. The region north o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Administrative Divisions Of Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan is administratively divided into 67 districts () and 11 cities () that are subordinate to the Republic. Out of these districts and cities, 7 districts and 1 city are located within the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. The districts are further divided into Municipalities of Azerbaijan, municipalities (). Additionally, the districts of Azerbaijan are grouped into 14 Economic regions of Azerbaijan, Economic Regions (). On 7 July 2021, President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev signed a decree "On the new division of economic regions in the Republic of Azerbaijan". Administrative divisions Contiguous Azerbaijan The list below represents the districts of contiguous Azerbaijan. For those of the Nakhchivan exclave, see further below. Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic The seven districts and one municipality of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic are listed below. Economic regions Nagorno-Karabakh The territory of former Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast presently ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yukhari Govhar Agha Mosque
The Yukhari Govhar Agha Mosque (), also called the Great Mosque of Govhar Agha (), is a Shia Islam, Shia Islam mosque located in the city of Shusha, Azerbaijan. History The Yukhari Govhar Agha means "The Upper Govhar Agha Mosque" in Azerbaijani language, Azerbaijani, referring to the location of the mosque in the upper section of Shusha town and to distinguish it from the Ashaghi Govhar Agha Mosque, the same-name mosque located in the lower section of the town. Both mosques are considered symbols of Shusha and masterpieces of Eastern architecture. The Yukhari Govhar Agha Mosque is located on Shusha's main square, Yusif Vazir Chamanzaminli street and makes up a big part of the architectural complex including madrasa, shops, and houses built by the same architect. According to historian and author of "Karabakh-name", Mirza Jamal Karabakhi, construction of the mosque was started with orders of Ibrahim Khalil Khan in , but was stopped for a long time. The construction was then re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
House Of Mehmandarovs
The Mehmandarovs' House or Yesai Gharamyants House is a historic palace-type residential complex located in Shusha. It is one of the most interesting examples of the 18th century's civil architecture of Karabakh. The residential complex, which originally belonged to the Armenians, Armenian Lieutenant Yesai Gharamyants during the 19th century, came into the possession of the Mehmandarov family in 1918. It includes the Large Residential Building, the Small Residential Building and the Family Mosque. The complex is fenced with stone walls. It was previously the site of the Shusha Museum of History. History The complex was built by Karbalayi Safikhan Karabakhi and during the early 19th century served as the private residence of Armenians, Armenian Lieutenant Yesai Gharamyants (Gramov). In 1918, the complex came into the possession of the Mehmandarov family. During the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast, Soviet period, from 1921 to around 1971 or 1972, the Shusha city maternity hos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Caucasus
The South Caucasus, also known as Transcaucasia or the Transcaucasus, is a geographical region on the border of Eastern Europe and West Asia, straddling the southern Caucasus Mountains. The South Caucasus roughly corresponds to modern Armenia, Georgia (country), Georgia, and Azerbaijan, which are sometimes collectively known as the Caucasian States. The total area of these countries measures about . The South Caucasus and the North Caucasus together comprise the larger Caucasus geographical region that divides Eurasia. The South Caucasus is a dynamic and complex region where the three countries have pursued distinct geopolitical pathways. Geography The South Caucasus spans the southern portion of the Caucasus Mountains and their lowlands, straddling the border between the continents of Europe and Asia, and extending southwards from the southern part of the Main Caucasian Range of southwestern Russia to the Turkey, Turkish and Armenian borders, and from the Black Sea in the west ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Melikdoms Of Karabakh
The Five Melikdoms of Karabakh, also known as Khamsa Melikdoms (), were Armenians, Armenian feudal entities on the territory of modern Nagorno-Karabakh and neighboring lands, from the dissolution of the Principality of Khachen in the 15th century to the abolition of ethnic feudal entities by the Russian Empire in 1822. Etymology ''Khamsa'', also spelled ''Khamse'' or simply ''Khams'' means 'five' in Arabic. The principalities were ruled by ''meliks''. The term () , from ''malik'' ('king'), designates an Armenian nobility, Armenian noble title in various Eastern Armenian lands. The principalities ruled by ''meliks'' became known in English academic literature as ''melikdom''s or ''melikates.'' History Background There were several Armenian melikates (dominions ruled by ''melik''s) in various parts of historical Armenia: in Yerevan, Kars, Nakhichevan uezd, Nakhichevan, Gegharkunik Province, Gegharkunik, Lori Province, Lori, Artsakh (historical province), Artsakh, Utik, Azerbai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russo-Persian Wars
The Russo-Persian Wars ( ), or the Russo-Iranian Wars ( ), began in 1651 and continued intermittently until 1828. They consisted of five conflicts in total, each rooted in both sides' disputed governance of territories and countries in the Caucasus, particularly Arran (modern-day Azerbaijan), Georgia, and Armenia, as well as much of Dagestan. Generally referred to as Transcaucasia, this region was considered to be part of Persia prior to the 17th century. Between the War of 1722–1723 and the War of 1796, there was an interbellum period in which a number of treaties were drawn up between the two nations themselves and between them and the neighbouring Ottoman Empire; Turkish interest in the Caucasian territories further complicated the Russo-Persian Wars, as the two belligerents started forming alliances with the Ottoman Empire at different points of the conflict. Finally, as a consequence of the Treaty of Turkmenchay, the Persians ceded much of their Transcaucasian holdings ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
