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Étançon Mine
The Etançon mine (or n° 13 ''bis'' mine) is one of the main mines of the Ronchamp coal mines, in the commune of Ronchamp, in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Burgundy-Franche-Comté region of France. It is the only mine in the Ronchamp and Champagney coalfields, coalfield dug in the 20th century, and also the only one dug by Électricité de France. It operated from 1950 to 1958, when the Outcrop, outcrops were brought back into production. By extending mining for a further ten years, it made it easier for miners to retire. After its closure, it was dismantled and left to fall into disrepair before being incorporated into the outcrop footpath in 1997. Between 1999 and 2000, the site was cleared by an association, before becoming an industrial tourism site at the beginning of the 21st century. Situation before excavation When the French coal industry was Nationalization, nationalized in 1946, the Ronchamp and Champagney coalfields, Ronchamp coalfield was entrusted to Électricità ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
Bourgogne-Franche-Comté (; , sometimes abbreviated BFC; Arpitan: ''Borgogne-Franche-Comtât'') is a region in eastern France created by the 2014 territorial reform of French regions, from a merger of Burgundy and Franche-Comté. The new region came into existence on 1 January 2016, after the regional elections of December 2015, electing 100 members to the Regional Council of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. The region covers an area of and eight departments; it had a population of 2,811,423 in 2017. Its prefecture and largest city is Dijon, although the regional council sits in Besançon, making Bourgogne-Franche-Comté one of two regions in France (along with Normandy) in which the prefect does not sit in the same city as the regional council. Toponymy The text of the territorial reform law gives interim names for most of the merged regions, combining the names of their constituent regions separated by hyphens. Permanent names would be proposed by the new regional councils an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Headframe
A headframe (gallows frame, winding tower, hoist frame,Ernst, Dr.-Ing. Richard (1989). ''Wörterbuch der Industriellen Technik'' (5th ed.). Wiesbaden: Oscar Brandstetter, 1989. pit frame, shafthead frame, headgear, headstock, poppethead) is the structure above an underground mine shaft, built for hoisting machines, people, and materials. Design Modern headframes are made of steel, concrete, or a combination of both. Timber headframes are no longer used in industrialized countries, but are still used in developing countries. Conventionally, steel headframes are used for drum hoists, and concrete headframes are built for friction hoists; but a steel headframe can be used with a friction hoist for a shaft of smaller capacity and depth. Steel headframes A steel headframe is less expensive than a concrete headframe; the tallest steel headframe measures 87 m. Steel headframes are more adaptable to modifications (making any construction errors easier to remedy), and are conside ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dump Truck
A dump truck, known also as a dumping truck, dump lorry or dumper lorry or a dumper for short, is used for transporting materials (such as dirt, gravel, or demolition waste) for construction as well as coal. A typical dump truck is equipped with an open-box bed, which is hinged at the rear and equipped with hydraulic rams to lift the front, allowing the material in the bed to be deposited ("dumped") on the ground behind the truck at the site of delivery. In the UK, Australia, South Africa and India the term applies to off-road construction plants only and the road vehicle is known as a tip lorry, tipper lorry (UK, India), tipper truck, tip truck, tip trailer or tipper trailer or simply a tipper (Australia, New Zealand, South Africa). History The dump truck is thought to have been first conceived in the farms of late 19th century western Europe. Thornycroft developed a steam dust-cart in 1896 with a tipper mechanism. The first motorized dump trucks in the United States wer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Decline (mining)
Decline may refer to: *Decadence, involves a perceived decay in standards, morals, dignity, religious faith, or skill over time *in marketing, the stage in the product life cycle when demand for a product begins to taper off * "Decline" (song), 2017 song by Raye and Mr Eazi * "Decline" (''Brass Eye''), a 1997 television episode * ''The Decline'' (EP), an EP by NOFX *The Decline (band), Australian skate punk band from Perth * ''The Decline'' (film), a 2020 Canadian thriller drama film See also *Declination (other) *Declinism *Decline and Fall (other) *Decline of the Roman Empire *Decline of Detroit * Ottoman decline thesis *''The Decline of the West'' by Oswald Spengler *Social disintegration, *Societal collapse *Underground hard-rock mining *Withering away of the state The withering away of the state is a Marxist concept coined by Friedrich Engels referring to the expectation that, with the realization of socialism, the state will eventually become obsolete ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dewatering
Dewatering is the removal of water from a location. This may be done by wet classification, centrifugation, filtration, or similar solid-liquid separation processes, such as removal of residual liquid from a filter cake by a filter press as part of various industrial processes. Construction dewatering, unwatering, or water control are common terms used to describe removal or draining groundwater or surface water from a riverbed, construction site, caisson, or mine shaft, by pumping or evaporation. On a construction site, this dewatering may be implemented before subsurface excavation for foundations, shoring, or cellar space to lower the water table. This frequently involves the use of submersible "dewatering" pumps, centrifugal ("trash") pumps, eductors, or application of vacuum to well points. The international business research company Visiongain valued the global dewatering pump market at $6.4 billion in 2018. Processes Deep wells A deep well typically consists of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Depth Column
Depth(s) may refer to: Science and mathematics * Depth (ring theory), an important invariant of rings and modules in commutative and homological algebra * Depth in a well, the measurement between two points in an oil well * Color depth (or "number of bits" or "bit depth"), in computer graphics * Market depth, in financial markets, the size of an order needed to move the market a given amount * Moulded depth, a nautical measurement * Sequence depth, or coverage, in genetic sequencing * Depth (coordinate), a type of vertical distance * Tree depth Art and entertainment * ''Depth'' (video game), an asymmetrical multiplayer video game for Microsoft Windows * ''Depths'' (novel), a 2004 novel by Henning Mankell * ''Depths'' (Oceano album), 2009 * ''Depths'' (Windy & Carl album), 1998 * ''Depth'' (EP), a 2024 EP by Yuta * "Depths" (''Law & Order: Criminal Intent''), an episode of ''Law & Order: Criminal Intent'' * ''Depth'', the Japanese title for the PlayStation game released ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forge
A forge is a type of hearth used for heating metals, or the workplace (smithy) where such a hearth is located. The forge is used by the smith to heat a piece of metal to a temperature at which it becomes easier to shape by forging, or to the point at which work hardening no longer occurs. The metal (known as the "workpiece") is transported to and from the forge using tongs, which are also used to hold the workpiece on the smithy's anvil while the smith works it with a hammer. Sometimes, such as when hardening steel or cooling the work so that it may be handled with bare hands, the workpiece is transported to the slack tub, which rapidly cools the workpiece in a large body of water. However, depending on the metal type, it may require an oil quench or a salt brine instead; many metals require more than plain water hardening. The slack tub also provides water to control the fire in the forge. Types Coal/coke/charcoal forge A forge typically uses bituminous coal, indus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chanois Coal Mine
The Chanois coal mine is one of the main shafts of the Ronchamp coal mines, in the French commune of Ronchamp, within the Haute-Saône department, belonging to the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region. It was the center of Ronchamp's coal mining operations from the late 19th century until the mines closed in 1958. It was therefore chosen as the site for the coal mine's ancillary facilities, including a coal preparation plant, a coking plant, and a power station. It succeeded the Saint Joseph shaft in 1895 and ceased mining in 1951. At the beginning of the 21st century, many remnants of these facilities (ruins, a large concrete hopper, converted buildings, and two imposing spoil tips) remain. Excavation Before 1873, the Ronchamp coal mining company operated in the center of the Ronchamp and Champagney coalfields. But the shafts used for this task reached the end of their production life and had to be replaced. This was the role of the Magny and Chanois shafts. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
