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Émile Jaboulay
Émile Jaboulay (14 February 1879 – 28 January 1961) was a French chemist and metallurgist. Émile Jaboulay was born in Rive-de-Gier on 14 February 1879, son of an engineer. His higher education led to his becoming a chemist. He became a chemical engineer at the marine steel works in Lorette, and then set up and directed the first laboratory for the Société d'Electro-Chimie, d'Electro-Métallurgie et des Aciéries Electriques d'Ugine (SECEMAEU), a factory founded by the industrialist Paul Girod and better known by the name of Ugitech. In 1909 he founded his own company, the Jaboulay steelworks at Terrenoire (now part of Saint-Étienne). He directed this company until 1947. Émile Jaboulay specialized in research into alloys, and conducted more than 10,000 tests between 1910 and 1923. Based on these results his business in Terrenoire produced and marketed high-carbon steel that had great value in high-speed steel tools. High-carbon steel was requisitioned during World War II ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rive-de-Gier
Rive-de-Gier (, literally ''Bank of Gier (river), Gier''; ) is a Communes of the Loire department, commune in the Loire (department), Loire Departments of France, department in central France. In 2020, with a population of 15,086 inhabitants and an area of 7.3 km², the population density is 2,058 inhabitants per km² It was an important center of Loire coal mining basin, glass making and iron and steel manufacture in the 19th century. In the late 20th century the town lost most of its heavy industries. Location Rive de Gier is Located in the Loire (department), Loire department, on the border of the Rhône (department), Rhône department, 25 km from Saint-Étienne, 38 km from Lyon and 11 km from the town of Saint-Chamond, Loire, Saint Chamond. The altitude of the city varies from 227 to 394 meters. The municipal territory is located above the Loire coal basin. Economy The median income of the municipality is 18,780 euros The poverty rate in 2020 is 23%. In 2020, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saint-Étienne
Saint-Étienne (; Franco-Provençal: ''Sant-Etiève''), also written St. Etienne, is a city and the prefecture of the Loire département, in eastern-central France, in the Massif Central, southwest of Lyon, in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. Saint-Étienne is the thirteenth most populated commune in France and the second most populated commune in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. Its metropolis (''métropole''), Saint-Étienne Métropole, is the second most populous regional metropolis after Lyon. The commune is also at the heart of a vast metropolitan area with 406,868 inhabitants (2020), the eighteenth largest in France by population, comprising 105 communes. Its inhabitants are known as ''Stéphanois'' (masculine) and ''Stéphanoises'' (feminine). Long known as the French city of the "weapon, cycle and ribbon" and a major coal mining centre, Saint-Étienne is currently engaged in a vast urban renewal program aimed at leading the transition from the industrial city inherited fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
High-carbon Steel
Carbon steel is a steel with carbon content from about 0.05 up to 2.1 percent by weight. The definition of carbon steel from the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) states: * no minimum content is specified or required for chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, nickel, niobium, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, zirconium, or any other element to be added to obtain a desired alloying effect; * the specified minimum for copper does not exceed 0.40%; * or the specified maximum for any of the following elements does not exceed: manganese 1.65%; silicon 0.60%; and copper 0.60%. As the carbon content percentage rises, steel has the ability to become harder and stronger through heat treating; however, it becomes less ductile. Regardless of the heat treatment, a higher carbon content reduces weldability. In carbon steels, the higher carbon content lowers the melting point. The term may be used to reference steel that is not stainless steel; in this use carbon steel may include all ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lorette, Loire
Lorette () is a Communes of France, commune in the Loire (department), Loire Departments of France, department in central France, in the Gier valley. Geography Lorette lies in the valley of the Gier (river), Gier, a coal mining region, on the south bank of the Giers just east of La Grand-Croix. The Dorlay river, a tributary of the Gier (river), Gier that rises in Mont Pilat, defines the west border of the commune. History The region was developed in the 19th century for coal mining. In 1830 the Jackson brothers (Frères Jackson) built a steel works at Assailly in what is now the north of Lorette. As a result of a merger, in 1854 this became part of the Compagnie des Hauts-fourneaux, forges et aciéries de la Marine et des chemins de fer, based in Rive-de-Gier. Lorette was created on 27 April 1847 in response to the development of the steelworks, particularly that of the Jackson Brothers. It includes the old quarters of the municipalities of Saint-Paul-en-Jarez, Saint-Genis-Terren ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Girod
Paul Girod (27 June 1931 – 28 September 2021) was a French politician. Biography After studying engineering, Girod took over his uncle's farm in Aisne. He was elected mayor of Droizy in 1958 and served until his death. In 1988, he was elected to serve the Canton of Oulchy-le-Château in the Departmental Council of Aisne, of which he served as President from 1988 to 1998. He also served as Vice-President of the Regional Council of Picardy from 1985 to 1988. On 7 May 1978, Girod was appointed to the Senate following the appointment of Jacques Pelletier to the cabinet of Prime Minister Raymond Barre. He was re-elected in 1980, 1989, and 1998. He served as Vice-President of the Senate from 1995 to 2001. He was also a member of the Parliamentary Office for the Evaluation of Scientific and Technological Choices. He retired from the Senate in 2008. On 6 November 2007, Girod was among the guests invited to the state dinner hosted by U.S. President George W. Bush in honor of Preside ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the world's countries participated, with many nations mobilising all resources in pursuit of total war. Tanks in World War II, Tanks and Air warfare of World War II, aircraft played major roles, enabling the strategic bombing of cities and delivery of the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, first and only nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II is the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflict in history, causing World War II casualties, the death of 70 to 85 million people, more than half of whom were civilians. Millions died in genocides, including the Holocaust, and by massacres, starvation, and disease. After the Allied victory, Allied-occupied Germany, Germany, Allied-occupied Austria, Austria, Occupation of Japan, Japan, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legion Of Honor
The National Order of the Legion of Honour ( ), formerly the Imperial Order of the Legion of Honour (), is the highest and most prestigious French national order of merit, both military and civil. Currently consisting of five classes, it was originally established in 1802 by Napoleon Bonaparte, and it has been retained (with occasional slight alterations) by all later French governments and regimes. The order's motto is ' ("Honour and Fatherland"); its seat is the Palais de la Légion d'Honneur next to the Musée d'Orsay, on the left bank of the Seine in Paris. Since 1 February 2023, the Order's grand chancellor has been retired General François Lecointre, who succeeded fellow retired General Benoît Puga in office. The order is divided into five degrees of increasing distinction: ' (Knight), ' (Officer), ' (Commander), ' (Grand Officer) and ' (Grand Cross). History Consulate During the French Revolution, all of the French orders of chivalry were abolished and repla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1879 Births
Events January * January 1 ** The Specie Resumption Act takes effect. The United States Note is valued the same as gold, for the first time since the American Civil War. ** Brahms' Violin Concerto is premiered in Leipzig with Joseph Joachim as soloist and the composer conducting. * January 11 – The Anglo-Zulu War begins. * January 22 – Anglo-Zulu War – Battle of Isandlwana: A force of 1,200 British soldiers is wiped out by over 20,000 Zulu warriors. * January 23 – Anglo-Zulu War – Battle of Rorke's Drift: Following the previous day's defeat, a smaller British force of 140 successfully repels an attack by 4,000 Zulus. February * February 3 – Mosley Street in Newcastle upon Tyne (England) becomes the world's first public highway to be lit by the electric incandescent light bulb invented by Joseph Swan. * February 8 – At a meeting of the Royal Canadian Institute, engineer and inventor Sandford Fleming first proposes the global ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1961 Deaths
Events January * January 1 – Monetary reform in the Soviet Union, 1961, Monetary reform in the Soviet Union. * January 3 ** United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower announces that the United States has severed diplomatic and consular relations with Cuba (Cuba–United States relations are restored in 2015). ** Aero Flight 311 (Koivulahti air disaster): Douglas DC-3C OH-LCC of Finnish airline Finnair, Aero crashes near Kvevlax (Koivulahti), on approach to Vaasa Airport in Finland, killing all 25 on board, due to pilot error: an investigation finds that the Captain (civil aviation), captain and First officer (civil aviation), first officer were both exhausted for lack of sleep, and had consumed excessive amounts of alcohol at the time of the crash. It remains the deadliest air disaster to occur in the country. * January 5 ** Italian sculptor Alfredo Fioravanti enters the U.S. Consulate in Rome, and confesses that he was part of the team that forged the Etruscan terra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
