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Çınarcık Basin
The Çınarcık Basin is a submarine tectonic basin located in the Sea of Marmara, in Turkey. Geography The Çınarcık basin gets its name from Çınarcık, a town and district of the Yalova Province in the Marmara region of Turkey. It is the easternmost of the three basins which run in direction EW in the sea, the other two being (from E to W) the central basin and the Tekirdağ basin. Its maximum depth amounts to 1,276 m. Geology The Çınarcık Basin is a transtensional basin which runs along the Princes' Islands segment of the northern branch of the North Anatolian Fault (NAF). However, in correspondence with the basin there is no evidence of a single strike-slip Fault, neither is visible a cross-basin fault or a pure strike-slip fault in correspondence of the northern margin; along the southern and northern edges seismic imaging shows many deep-penetrating faults. The basin hosted the nucleation points of many among the strongest earthquakes of the region, like those of 1509 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tectonic Basin
A structural basin is a large-scale structural formation of rock strata formed by tectonic warping of previously flat-lying strata. They are geological depressions, the inverse of domes. Elongated structural basins are also known as synclines. Some are sedimentary basins, aggregations of sediment that filled up a depression or accumulated in an area. Others were formed by tectonic events long after the sedimentary layers were deposited. Basins may appear on a geologic map as roughly circular or elliptical, with concentric layers. Because the strata dip toward the center, the exposed strata in a basin are progressively younger from the outside in, with the youngest rocks in the center. Basins are often large in areal extent, often hundreds of kilometers across. Structural basins are often important sources of coal, petroleum, and groundwater. Examples Europe * Hampshire Basin, United Kingdom * London Basin, United Kingdom * Paris Basin, France * Permian Basin, Poland, northern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sea Of Marmara
The Sea of Marmara,; grc, Προποντίς, Προποντίδα, Propontís, Propontída also known as the Marmara Sea, is an inland sea located entirely within the borders of Turkey. It connects the Black Sea to the Aegean Sea via the Bosporus and Dardanelles straits, separating the country's European and Asian sides. The Sea of Marmara is a small sea with an area of , and dimensions of . Its greatest depth is . Name The Sea of Marmara is named after the largest island to its south side which is called Marmara Island because it is rich in marble (Greek (''mármaron'') "marble)." In classical antiquity it was known as the Propontis, which is derived from the Greek words ''pro-'' (before) and ''pontos'' (sea) and reflects the fact that the Ancient Greeks used to sail through it to reach the Black Sea that they called Pontos. Mythology In Greek mythology, a storm on the Propontis brought the Argonauts back to an island they had left, precipitating a battle in whic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Çınarcık
Çınarcık is a town and district of Yalova Province in the Marmara region of Turkey. The mayor is Numan Soyer. (AK Party). Çınarcık has a permanent population of 18,000 but its location near İstanbul has made it a popular location for summer homes. On hot weekends during the summer, the population can swell to 300,000 and construction of new summer homes in the town is fast-paced. Çınarcık is located on a small strip of flat land on the coast with mountains rising sharply in back of it. This environment is very common among cities on the northern coast of Turkey. Cınarcık provides a number of vacation activities including camping, hiking, and beaches. Most of the coastline of Çınarcık is rocky but the western end has sand beaches with several restaurants. The beaches are not of high quality by Turkish standards as there is a considerable amount of seaweed and jellyfish Jellyfish and sea jellies are the informal common names given to the medusa-phase o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yalova Province
Yalova Province ( tr, ) is a province in northwestern Turkey, on the eastern coast of the Sea of Marmara. Its adjacent provinces are Bursa to the south and Kocaeli to the east. The population of the Yalova Province was 203,741 in 2010. Prior to 1930, the area around Yalova constituted a district of Kocaeli Province; from 1930 to 1995, it was made part of Istanbul Province; in 1995, the area was separated and made into the current Yalova Province. The provincial capital is the city of Yalova. Districts Yalova Province is divided into 6 districts: * Altınova * Armutlu * Çiftlikköy * Çınarcık * Termal * Yalova Notable natives * Muharrem İnce - Politician * Mehmet Okur - NBA basketball player * Şebnem Ferah - Singer * İzel (İzel Çeliköz) - Singer * Sharafuddin Dagestani - Shaykh of the Naqshbandi Sufi Order Gallery Image:Yalova-Sudüşen.jpg, Su Düşen Waterfall, near Termal, Yalova Image:Armutlu 7005.jpg, Ferry port of Armutlu Image:Yalova Market.j ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transtension
Transtension is the state in which a rock mass or area of the Earth's crust experiences both ''extensive'' and ''transtensive'' shear. As such, transtensional regions are characterised by both extensional structures (normal faults, grabens) and wrench structures (strike-slip faults). In general, many tectonic regimes that were previously defined as simple strike-slip shear zones are actually transtensional. It is unlikely that a deforming body will experience 'pure' extension or 'pure' strike-slip. Transtensional shear zones are characterized by the co-existence of different structures, related to both strike-slip shear and extension. End member structures include pure strike-slip faults and purely extensional ("normal") dip-slip faults. Faults which have components of both (termed 'oblique' slip faults) are abundant. Releasing bend ''Releasing bends'' are transtensional structures that form where the orientation of a strike-slip fault becomes oblique to the regional slip vecto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Princes' Islands
The Princes' Islands ( tr, Prens Adaları; the word "princes" is plural, because the name means "Islands of the Princes", el, Πριγκηπονήσια, ''Pringiponisia''), officially just Adalar ( en, Islands); alternatively the Princes' Archipelago; is an archipelago off the coast of Istanbul, Turkey, in the Sea of Marmara. The islands constitute the Adalar district of Istanbul Province. With a total land area of , it is the eighth smallest district in Istanbul, and with a permanent population of 16,372 (2021), it is by far the least populous district in Istanbul. They consist of four larger islands, Büyükada ("Big Island") with an area of , Heybeliada ("Saddlebag Island") with an area of , Burgazada ("Fortress Island") with an area of , Kınalıada ("Henna Island") with an area of , and five much smaller ones, Sedef Adası ("Mother-of-Pearl Island") with an area of , Yassıada ("Flat Island") with an area of , Sivriada ("Sharp Island") with an area of , Kaşık Ada ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North Anatolian Fault
The North Anatolian Fault (NAF) ( tr, Kuzey Anadolu Fay Hattı) is an active right-lateral strike-slip fault in northern Anatolia, and is the transform boundary between the Eurasian Plate and the Anatolian Plate. The fault extends westward from a junction with the East Anatolian Fault at the Karliova Triple Junction in eastern Turkey, across northern Turkey and into the Aegean Sea for a length of 1500 kilometers. It runs about 20 km south of Istanbul. The North Anatolian Fault is similar in many ways to the San Andreas Fault in California. Both are continental transforms with similar lengths and slip rates. The Sea of Marmara near Istanbul is an extensional basin similar to the Salton Trough in California, where a releasing bend in the strike-slip system creates a pull-apart basin. Significant earthquakes Since the disastrous 1939 Erzincan earthquake, there have been seven earthquakes measuring over 7.0 in magnitude, each happening at a point progressively further ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Strike-slip Fault
In geology, a fault is a planar fracture or discontinuity in a volume of rock across which there has been significant displacement as a result of rock-mass movements. Large faults within Earth's crust result from the action of plate tectonic forces, with the largest forming the boundaries between the plates, such as the megathrust faults of subduction zones or transform faults. Energy release associated with rapid movement on active faults is the cause of most earthquakes. Faults may also displace slowly, by aseismic creep. A ''fault plane'' is the plane that represents the fracture surface of a fault. A '' fault trace'' or ''fault line'' is a place where the fault can be seen or mapped on the surface. A fault trace is also the line commonly plotted on geologic maps to represent a fault. A ''fault zone'' is a cluster of parallel faults. However, the term is also used for the zone of crushed rock along a single fault. Prolonged motion along closely spaced faults can bl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Earthquake
An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the shaking of the surface of the Earth resulting from a sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes can range in intensity, from those that are so weak that they cannot be felt, to those violent enough to propel objects and people into the air, damage critical infrastructure, and wreak destruction across entire cities. The seismic activity of an area is the frequency, type, and size of earthquakes experienced over a particular time period. The seismicity at a particular location in the Earth is the average rate of seismic energy release per unit volume. The word ''tremor'' is also used for Episodic tremor and slip, non-earthquake seismic rumbling. At the Earth's surface, earthquakes manifest themselves by shaking and displacing or disrupting the ground. When the epicenter of a large earthquake is located offshore, the seabed may be displaced sufficiently to cause ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1509 Constantinople Earthquake
The 1509 Constantinople earthquake or historically ('Minor Judgment Day') occurred in the Sea of Marmara on 10 September 1509 at about 10 p.m. The earthquake had an estimated magnitude of on the surface wave magnitude scale. A tsunami and forty-five days of aftershocks followed the earthquake. The death toll of this earthquake is poorly known, with estimates in the range of 1,000 to 13,000. Background The Sea of Marmara is a pull-apart basin formed at a releasing bend in the North Anatolian Fault, a right-lateral strike-slip fault. This local zone of extension occurs where this transform boundary between the Anatolian Plate and the Eurasian Plate steps northwards to the west of Izmit from the Izmit Fault to the Ganos Fault. The pattern of faults within the Sea of Marmara basin is complex but near Istanbul there is a single main fault segment with a sharp bend. To the west, the fault trends west–east and is pure strike-slip in type. To the east, the fault is NW-SE trend ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1766 Istanbul Earthquake
The 1766 Istanbul earthquake was a strong earthquake with epicenter in the eastern part of the Sea of Marmara, in the Çınarcık Basin (or near the Princes' Islands, north of the basin) which occurred in the early hours of Thursday morning, 22 May 1766. The earthquake had an estimated magnitude of 7.1 on the surface wave magnitude scale, and caused effects in a vast area extending from Izmit to Rodosto (now Tekirdağ). In this area, the earthquake was followed by a tsunami which caused significant damage. The earthquake of 1766 was the last major earthquake to rock Constantinople (now known in English under its Turkish name, Istanbul) because of a rupture of the North Anatolian Fault in the Marmara region. Geology The Sea of Marmara is a pull-apart basin formed at a releasing bend in the North Anatolian Fault ("NAF"), a right-lateral strike-slip fault. East of the Sea of Marmara the NAF splits in three major branches; while the sinuous southern branch goes inland in directio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epicenter
The epicenter, epicentre () or epicentrum in seismology is the point on the Earth's surface directly above a hypocenter or focus, the point where an earthquake or an underground explosion originates. Surface damage Before the instrumental period of earthquake observation, the epicenter was thought to be the location where the greatest damage occurred, but the subsurface fault rupture may be long and spread surface damage across the entire rupture zone. As an example, in the magnitude 7.9 Denali earthquake of 2002 in Alaska, the epicenter was at the western end of the rupture, but the greatest damage was about away at the eastern end. Focal depths of earthquakes occurring in continental crust mostly range from . Continental earthquakes below are rare whereas in subduction zone earthquakes can originate at depths deeper than . Epicentral distance During an earthquake, seismic waves propagate in all directions from the hypocenter. Seismic shadowing occurs on the opposite ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
