.22 Spitfire
The .22 Spitfire is an American wildcat rifle cartridge developed by Col. Melvin M. Johnson. It was originally named the MMJ 5.7mm by its designer and is also known in the U.S. as the 5.7mm Johnson, the Johnson MMJ 5.7mm Spitfire, and the .22 Johnson, (or 5.7×33mm internationally). In 1963, Melvin M. Johnson developed a conversion of the M1 Carbine (by either relining or re-barreling the M1 Carbine) to a .224 caliber bore, using bullets commonly used by the ubiquitous .22 Hornet. His cartridge was designed to fit the M1 Carbine and its magazines by starting from the basic form of the .30 Carbine ammunition, keeping the same overall length and case dimensions, necked down to .224 (5.7mm) caliber.Barnes and Amber, p.127. Originally designed with a 1-in-14 twist barrel, the 40 grain .22 Hornet bullet was the standard load. It could also be loaded with lighter or heavier-weight bullets available at that time for the .22 Hornet as well as most bullet weights up to 50 grain ...
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