Timeline of Mexico City
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The following is a timeline of the
history History (derived ) is the systematic study and the documentation of the human activity. The time period of event before the History of writing#Inventions of writing, invention of writing systems is considered prehistory. "History" is an umbr ...
of the
city A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...
of
Mexico City Mexico City ( es, link=no, Ciudad de México, ; abbr.: CDMX; Nahuatl: ''Altepetl Mexico'') is the capital and largest city of Mexico, and the most populous city in North America. One of the world's alpha cities, it is located in the Valley o ...
,
Mexico Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...
.


Prior to 19th century

* 1325 –
Tenochtitlán , ; es, Tenochtitlan also known as Mexico-Tenochtitlan, ; es, México-Tenochtitlan was a large Mexican in what is now the historic center of Mexico City. The exact date of the founding of the city is unclear. The date 13 March 1325 was ...
founded by
Aztecs The Aztecs () were a Mesoamerican culture that flourished in central Mexico in the post-classic period from 1300 to 1521. The Aztec people included different Indigenous peoples of Mexico, ethnic groups of central Mexico, particularly those g ...
. * 1521 – City captured and sacked by Spanish forces led by Cortés. * 1522 - National Palace (Mexico) construction starts. * 1524 – México Tenochtitlán
municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality'' may also mean the go ...
established. * 1526 - Santo Domingo (Mexico City) established. * 1527 – Spanish Royal Audiencia of Mexico established. * 1537 – Mint built. * 1539 -
Printer Printer may refer to: Technology * Printer (publishing), a person or a company * Printer (computing), a hardware device * Optical printer for motion picture films People * Nariman Printer ( fl. c. 1940), Indian journalist and activist * Jame ...
Juan Pablos Giovanni Paoli, better known as Juan Pablos (1500?–1560 or 1561), a native of Lombardy, was the first documented printer in the Americas when he started printing in Mexico in 1539. Biography Giovanni Paoli was born in the region of Brescia ar ...
active. * 1543 – Convento Grande de San Francisco painting school established (approximate date). * 1551 – Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico founded. * 1573 – Mexico City Metropolitan Cathedral construction starts. * 1588 –
San Ildefonso College Colegio de San Ildefonso, currently is a museum and cultural center in Mexico City, considered to be the birthplace of the Mexican muralism movement. San Ildefonso began as a prestigious Jesuit boarding school, and after the Reform War it gain ...
founded by Jesuits. * 1592 **
Consulado The ''Consulado de mercaderes'' was the merchant guild of Seville founded in 1543; the Consulado enjoyed virtual monopoly rights over goods shipped to America, in a regular and closely controlled West Indies Fleet, and handled much of the silve ...
established. ** Alameda Central park created. * 1629 – Flood. * 1645 – Metropolitan Cathedral consecrated. * 1690 – Church of San Bernardo consecrated. * 1692 – Uprising against Spanish rule. * 1720 – Church of La Profesa dedicated. * 1736 –
Palace of the Inquisition The Palace of the Inquisition stands on the corner of República de Brasil and República de Venezuela streets in Mexico City, Mexico. As neither side of the building faces Santo Domingo Plaza, the entrance is placed at a cant (architecture), cant ...
built. * 1752 – Teatro Principal built. * 1766 – House of the Marquis of Uluapa built. * 1776 – National Pawn Shop opens. * 1777 – Sacro y Real Monte Pío de Animas founded. * 1778 **
Academy of San Carlos The Academy of San Carlos ( es, Academia de San Carlos) is located at 22 Academia Street in just northeast of the main plaza of Mexico City. It was the first major art academy and the first art museum in the Americas. It was founded in 1781 as th ...
founded. **
La Enseñanza Church La Enseñanza Church (The Teaching Church) (1772-1778) is located on 104 Donceles Street in the historic center of Mexico City. The Mexican Churrigueresque style of this church, especially that of its altarpieces, is upheld as the pinnacle of ...
consecrated. * 1785 – Palace of Iturbide (residence) built. * 1790 – Population: 112,926.


19th century

* 1813 ** Mexico City Metropolitan Cathedral construction completed. ** School of Mines built. * 1824 –
Federal District A federal district is a type of administrative division of a federation, usually under the direct control of a federal government and organized sometimes with a single municipal body. Federal districts often include capital districts, and they e ...
created. * 1826 - ''
El Iris ''El Iris'' was a short-lived periodical that was published between February and August 1826 in the newly independent Republic of Mexico. It was founded as an illustrated literary review, with topics of interest to women. It included articles on po ...
'' literary magazine in publication. * 1831 - ''El Cocinero Mexicano'' (cookbook) published. * 1833 – National Institute of Geography and Statistics established. * 1847 ** August 19–20:
Battle of Contreras The Battle of Contreras, also known as the Battle of Padierna, took place on 19–20 August 1847, in one of the final encounters of the Mexican–American War, as invading U.S. forces under Winfield Scott approached the Mexican capital. Americ ...
. ** September 8–15: Battle for Mexico City. * 1848 – February 2:
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ( es, Tratado de Guadalupe Hidalgo), officially the Treaty of Peace, Friendship, Limits, and Settlement between the United States of America and the United Mexican States, is the peace treaty that was signed on 2 ...
signed, ending the
Mexican–American War The Mexican–American War, also known in the United States as the Mexican War and in Mexico as the (''United States intervention in Mexico''), was an armed conflict between the United States and Mexico from 1846 to 1848. It followed the 1 ...
. * 1856 - Flood. * 1863 ** French troops occupied Mexico City. **
La Merced Market The La Merced Market is a traditional public market located in the eastern edge of the historic center of Mexico City and is the largest retail traditional food market in the entire city. The area, also called La Merced, has been synonymous with ...
buildings constructed. * 1864 -
Maximilian I of Mexico Maximilian I (german: Ferdinand Maximilian Josef Maria von Habsburg-Lothringen, link=no, es, Fernando Maximiliano José María de Habsburgo-Lorena, link=no; 6 July 1832 – 19 June 1867) was an Austrian archduke who reigned as the only Emperor ...
, archduke of Austria, crowned emperor of Mexico. * 1865 ** Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico closed. ** Drogueria de la Profesa (drugstore) in business. * 1866 – National Conservatory of Music founded. * 1867 - (2ist of June)
Porfirio Díaz José de la Cruz Porfirio Díaz Mori ( or ; ; 15 September 1830 – 2 July 1915), known as Porfirio Díaz, was a Mexican general and politician who served seven terms as President of Mexico, a total of 31 years, from 28 November 1876 to 6 Decem ...
takes power. * 1868 - La Concordia restaurant in business.
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* 1875 – Arbeu Theatre opens. * 1887 ** Fabrica Linera (textile mill) established. **
Monument to Cuauhtémoc The Monument to Cuauhtémoc is an 1887 monument dedicated to the last Mexica ruler (''tlatoani'') of Tenochtitlan Cuauhtémoc, located at the intersection of Avenida de los Insurgentes and Paseo de la Reforma in Mexico City. It is the work of F ...
erected. * 1888 –
Posada Posada may refer to: *Battle of Posada, a 1330 battle, part of the Hungarian-Wallachian Wars Places In Poland *Posada, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, south-west Poland * Posada, Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland *Posada, Masovian Voivodeship, east- ...
printer in business. * 1891 – El Palacio de Hierro (shop) in business. * 1900 ** Prison built. ** Population: 344,721.


20th century

* 1903 – Mexico City Banking Co. established. * 1905 –
General Hospital of Mexico The General Hospital of Mexico (Hospital General de México, HGM) is a hospital in Mexico City, operated by the Secretariat of Health, the federal government department in charge of all social health services in Mexico. History Towards the end of ...
opens. * 1907 – Post office built. * 1909 - (30th & 3ist July) Earthquake. * 1910 – ** '' El Àngel'' monument erected on Paseo de la Reforma. **
National Autonomous University of Mexico The National Autonomous University of Mexico ( es, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM) is a public research university in Mexico. It is consistently ranked as one of the best universities in Latin America, where it's also the bigges ...
founded, in its modern form. * 1917 – ''Excélsior'' newspaper begins publication. * 1918 – Teatro Esperanza Iris opens. * 1919 – Academia Mexicana de la Historia established. * 1921 – Secretariat of Public Education headquartered in city. * 1928 ** Federal District of Mexico City divided into 80
boroughs A borough is an administrative division in various English-speaking countries. In principle, the term ''borough'' designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely. History In the Middle Ag ...
. ** Teatro Ulises active. * 1930 – ''La Aficion'' newspaper begins publication. * 1932 –
Teatro Orientación The Teatro Orientación was a modern theater group in Mexico City, that was established in 1932 by Isabela Corona and Julio Bracho, and existed until 1938. Most of the theater group members, which was directed by Celestino Gorostiza, were members o ...
founded. * 1934 –
Palacio de Bellas Artes The Palacio de Bellas Artes (Palace of Fine Arts) is a prominent cultural center in Mexico City. It has hosted notable events in music, dance, theatre, opera and literature in Mexico and has held important exhibitions of painting, sculpture and p ...
inaugurated. * 1937 **
Taller de Gráfica Popular The ''Taller de Gráfica Popular'' (Spanish: "People's Graphic Workshop") is an artist's print collective founded in Mexico in 1937 by artists Leopoldo Méndez, Pablo O'Higgins, and Luis Arenal. The collective was primarily concerned with using ar ...
established. ** Hotel Majestic opens in the Portal de Mercaderes. * 1940 ** 21 August:
Leon Trotsky Lev Davidovich Bronstein. ( – 21 August 1940), better known as Leon Trotsky; uk, link= no, Лев Давидович Троцький; also transliterated ''Lyev'', ''Trotski'', ''Trotskij'', ''Trockij'' and ''Trotzky''. (), was a Russian ...
assassinated. ** Palacio Chino (cinema) opens. * 1941 –
Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation The Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation ( es, Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación (SCJN) is the Mexican institution serving as the country's federal high court and the spearhead organisation for the judiciary of the Mexican Federal Go ...
building constructed. * 1943 ** Colegio Nacional founded. ** Tepeyac Teatro opens. * 1945 – Bimbo Bread in business. * 1947 –
Servicio de Transportes Eléctricos Servicio de Transportes Eléctricos de la Ciudad de México (STE) (Spanish for Electric Transport Service of Mexico City) is a public transport agency responsible for the operation of all trolleybus and light rail services in Mexico City. As ...
begins operation. * 1948 – New Federal District building constructed. * 1950 - Population: 2,233,709. * 1952 – National Auditorium opens. * 1954 – Ciudad Universitaria campus built in Coyoacán. * 1957 – July 28: Earthquake. * 1960 – Cine Latino (cinema) opens. * 1962 **
Library of the Congress of Mexico The Library of the Congress of Mexico ( es, Biblioteca del Honorable Congreso de la Unión, formerly the Santa Clara Church) mostly contains the records of the country's legislative sessions since its Independence. It is located at 29 Tacuba Street ...
established. ** ''El Día'' newspaper begins publication. * 1964 –
Museum of the City of Mexico The Museum of Mexico City (Museo de la Ciudad de Mexico) is located at Pino Suarez 30, a few blocks south of the Zocalo, on what was the Iztapalapa Causeway, near where Hernán Cortés and Moctezuma II met for the first time. This building used ...
and
National Museum of Anthropology The National Museum of Anthropology ( es, Museo Nacional de Antropología, MNA) is a national museum of Mexico. It is the largest and most visited museum in Mexico. Located in the area between Paseo de la Reforma and Mahatma Gandhi Street withi ...
inaugurated. * 1966 - Estadio Azteca (stadium) opens. * 1968 ** October 2: Tlatelolco massacre. ** October:
1968 Summer Olympics The 1968 Summer Olympics ( es, Juegos Olímpicos de Verano de 1968), officially known as the Games of the XIX Olympiad ( es, Juegos de la XIX Olimpiada) and commonly known as Mexico 1968 ( es, México 1968), were an international multi-sport eve ...
held. * 1969 ** First line of
Mexico City Metro The Mexico City Metro ( es, Metro de la Ciudad de México) is a rapid transit system that serves the metropolitan area of Mexico City, including some municipalities in Mexico State. Operated by the Sistema de Transporte Colectivo (STC), it is ...
(subway system) opens. **
Sister city A sister city or a twin town relationship is a form of legal or social agreement between two geographically and politically distinct localities for the purpose of promoting cultural and commercial ties. While there are early examples of inter ...
relationship established with
Los Angeles Los Angeles ( ; es, Los Ángeles, link=no , ), often referred to by its initials L.A., is the largest city in the state of California and the second most populous city in the United States after New York City, as well as one of the world' ...
, USA. * 1971 ** June 10:
Corpus Christi massacre The Corpus Christi Massacre or ''El Halconazo'' (, "The Hawk Strike", so called because of the participation of a government-trained paramilitary group known as '' Los Halcones'') was a massacre of student demonstrators during the Mexican Dirty ...
. ** Polyforum Cultural Siqueiros opens. * 1978 ** Templo Mayor excavated. **
Mexico City Philharmonic Orchestra The Mexico City Philharmonic Orchestra ( es, Orquesta Filarmónica de la Ciudad de México) is an orchestra of international rank founded and underwritten by the National Government of Mexico. The home venue is the Silvestre Revueltas Hall at the ...
founded. * 1980 ** ''Cuestion'' newspaper begins publication. ** El Parnaso bookshop in business. * 1982 **
Central de Abasto The Central de Abasto (Supply Center) is Mexico City’s main wholesale market for produce and other foodstuffs run similarly to traditional public markets. It was constructed to be the meeting point for producers, wholesalers, retailers and cons ...
(market) built. ** National Museum of Art opens. * 1985 – September 19:
1985 Mexico City earthquake The 1985 Mexico City earthquake struck in the early morning of 19 September at 07:17:50 (CST) with a moment magnitude of 8.0 and a maximal Mercalli intensity of IX (''Violent''). The event caused serious damage to the Greater Mexico City area a ...
. * 1986 **
Franz Mayer Museum The Franz Mayer Museum ( es, Museo Franz Mayer), in Mexico City opened in 1986 to house, display and maintain Latin America’s largest collection of decorative arts. The collection was amassed by stockbroker and financial professional Franz May ...
opens. **
1986 FIFA World Cup Final The 1986 FIFA World Cup Final was the final and deciding game of the 1986 FIFA World Cup, held in Mexico. The match was held at the Estadio Azteca in Mexico City on 29 June 1986 and had an attendance of 114,600. It was contested by Argentina and ...
held at Estadio Azteca. * 1990 – Population: 8,235,744;
metro Metro, short for metropolitan, may refer to: Geography * Metro (city), a city in Indonesia * A metropolitan area, the populated region including and surrounding an urban center Public transport * Rapid transit, a passenger railway in an urba ...
15,047,685. * 1992 – Supreme Court built. * 1993 – Cafebrería el Péndulo bookshop/cafe opens. * 1995 –
World Trade Center Mexico City The World Trade Center Mexico City, commonly known by its former name, Hotel de México, is a building complex located in the wealthy neighborhood of Colonia Nápoles in central Mexico City. Its most famous and recognizable feature is the 50-s ...
opens. * 1997 –
Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas Solórzano (; born 1 May 1934) is a Mexican prominent politician. The son of 51st President of Mexico Lázaro Cárdenas, he is a former Head of Government of Mexico City and a founder of the Party of the Democratic Revolu ...
elected Head of Government of the Federal District. * 2000 – Andrés Manuel López Obrador becomes Head of Government of the Federal District.


21st century

* 2001 – Pujol restaurant in business. * 2003 – Policia de Barrio program established. * 2004 – Centro Cultural Universitario Tlatelolco established. * 2005 **
Mexico City Metrobús The Mexico City Metrobús (former official name Sistema de Corredores de Transporte Público de Pasajeros del Distrito Federal), simply known as Metrobús, is a bus rapid transit (BRT) system that has served Mexico City since line 1 opened on 1 ...
begins operating. ** Alejandro Encinas Rodríguez becomes interim Head of Government of the Federal District, succeeded by reinstated Andrés Manuel López Obrador. * 2006 **
Marcelo Ebrard Marcelo Luis Ebrard Casaubón (; born 10 October 1959) is a Mexican politician who is serving as the Secretary of Foreign Affairs of Mexico. Affiliated with the National Regeneration Movement (MORENA) since 2018, he was appointed to lead the f ...
is elected Head of Government of the Federal District. ** Centro Cultural Bella Epoca bookshop opens. * 2008 – November 4: Plane crash in Las Lomas. * 2010 – Population: 8,851,080;
metro Metro, short for metropolitan, may refer to: Geography * Metro (city), a city in Indonesia * A metropolitan area, the populated region including and surrounding an urban center Public transport * Rapid transit, a passenger railway in an urba ...
20,116,842. * 2012 **
Homeless World Cup The Homeless World Cup is an annual association football tournament organized by the Homeless World Cup Foundation, a social organization which advocates the end of homelessness through the sport of association football. The organization puts tog ...
football contest held. **
Mexico City Arena Mexico City Arena ( es, Arena Ciudad de México) is an indoor arena in Azcapotzalco, Mexico City, Mexico. It hosts concerts, sports, and other events. It officially opened on February 25, 2012. The total cost of the arena was $300 million. The a ...
opens. ** Miguel Ángel Mancera becomes Head of Government of the Federal District. * 2013 – January 31:
Torre Ejecutiva Pemex explosion On 31 January 2013 in Mexico City, an explosion caused by a gas leak occurred beneath Building B-2 at the Torre Ejecutiva Pemex (Pemex Executive Tower), a skyscraper complex that is the headquarters of Pemex, the Mexican state oil company. At le ...
* 2018 **
José Ramón Amieva José Ramón Amieva Gálvez (born 30 August 1972) is a Mexican lawyer and politician affiliated with the National Regeneration Movement and the current municipal president of Mixquiahuala de Juárez, Hidalgo. He previously served as the interi ...
becomes interim Head of Government of the Federal District **
Claudia Sheinbaum Claudia Sheinbaum Pardo (born 24 June 1962) is a Mexican scientist, politician, and head of government of Mexico City, a position equivalent to a state governor. She was elected on 1 July 2018 as part of the Juntos Haremos Historia coalition. Sh ...
is elected Head of Government of the Federal District * 2020 –
COVID-19 pandemic The COVID-19 pandemic, also known as the coronavirus pandemic, is an ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The novel virus was first identif ...
* 2021 –
Mexico City Metro overpass collapse On 3 May 2021, at 22:22 CDT ( UTC−5), an overpass in the borough of Tláhuac carrying Line 12 of the Mexico City Metro collapsed beneath a passing train. The overpass and the last two cars of the train fell onto Tláhuac Avenue near O ...


See also

*
History of Mexico City The city now known as Mexico City was founded as Mexico Tenochtitlan in 1325 and a century later became the dominant city-state of the Aztec Triple Alliance, formed in 1430 and composed of Tenochtitlan, Texcoco (altepetl), Texcoco, and Tlacopan. ...
*
Index of Mexico-related articles The following is an alphabetical index topics related to the Mexico. 0–8 * .mx – Internet country code top-level domain for México A *Adjacent countries: : : : *Adjacent states, departments, and districts :Arizona (United States) :Ca ...
*
Mexico City's boroughs Mexico City is one of the 32 federal entities of Mexico, the others being the 31 states. It was named (Federal District) up to February 5, 2016, when it was officially renamed the . According to the 2020 Mexican Census, it is the second most p ...
*
List of heads of government of the Mexican Federal District The Head of Government ( es, Jefe de Gobierno) wields the executive power in Mexico City. The Head of Government serves a six-year term, running concurrently with that of the President of the Republic. Mexico City, or CDMX, is the seat of natio ...
* Chronology of the Mexican Federal District * Tenochtitlan, 1325-1521 * Greater Mexico City


References

:''This article incorporates information from the Spanish Wikipedia.''


Bibliography


in English


Published before 20th century

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *


Published in 20th century

;1900s-1950s * * * * * * * * * (describes Mexico City) ;1960s-1990s * Frieden, Bernard. The search for housing policy in Mexico City. Town Planning Review. 36 (1965) * * * Lourdes Beneria and Martha Roldan. 1987. The Crossroads of Class and Gender: Industrial Homework, Subcontracting, and Household Dynamics in Mexico City. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. *''La Capital: The Biography of Mexico City'', Jonathan Kandell. New York: Random House, 1988 * * * * Diana Davis. Social Construction of Mexico City. Journal of Urban History. 24 (1998), 364-415 * *


Published in 21st century

* * * * * * * * *


In Spanish

* * *


External links

* Europeana
Items related to Mexico City
various dates. * Digital Public Library of America
Items related to Mexico City
various dates * , ca.1880-1957 {{Portal bar, History, Mexico
Mexico City Mexico City ( es, link=no, Ciudad de México, ; abbr.: CDMX; Nahuatl: ''Altepetl Mexico'') is the capital and largest city of Mexico, and the most populous city in North America. One of the world's alpha cities, it is located in the Valley o ...
Mexico City Mexico City ( es, link=no, Ciudad de México, ; abbr.: CDMX; Nahuatl: ''Altepetl Mexico'') is the capital and largest city of Mexico, and the most populous city in North America. One of the world's alpha cities, it is located in the Valley o ...
Mexico City Mexico City ( es, link=no, Ciudad de México, ; abbr.: CDMX; Nahuatl: ''Altepetl Mexico'') is the capital and largest city of Mexico, and the most populous city in North America. One of the world's alpha cities, it is located in the Valley o ...