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Hebei or , (; alternately Hopeh) is a
northern Northern may refer to the following: Geography * North, a point in direction * Northern Europe, the northern part or region of Europe * Northern Highland, a region of Wisconsin, United States * Northern Province, Sri Lanka * Northern Range, a ra ...
province of
China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...
. Hebei is China's sixth most populous province, with over 75 million people.
Shijiazhuang Shijiazhuang (; ; Mandarin: ), formerly known as Shimen and romanized as Shihkiachwang, is the capital and most populous city of China’s North China's Hebei Province. Administratively a prefecture-level city, it is about southwest of Beijin ...
is the capital city. The province is 96% Han Chinese, 3%
Manchu The Manchus (; ) are a Tungusic East Asian ethnic group native to Manchuria in Northeast Asia. They are an officially recognized ethnic minority in China and the people from whom Manchuria derives its name. The Later Jin (1616–1636) and ...
, 0.8% Hui, and 0.3% Mongol. Three
Mandarin Mandarin or The Mandarin may refer to: Language * Mandarin Chinese, branch of Chinese originally spoken in northern parts of the country ** Standard Chinese or Modern Standard Mandarin, the official language of China ** Taiwanese Mandarin, Stand ...
dialects are spoken: Jilu Mandarin, Beijing Mandarin and Jin. Hebei borders the provinces of
Shanxi Shanxi (; ; formerly romanised as Shansi) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China and is part of the North China region. The capital and largest city of the province is Taiyuan, while its next most populated prefecture-lev ...
to the west, Henan to the south,
Shandong Shandong ( , ; ; alternately romanized as Shantung) is a coastal province of the People's Republic of China and is part of the East China region. Shandong has played a major role in Chinese history since the beginning of Chinese civilizati ...
to the southeast,
Liaoning Liaoning () is a coastal province in Northeast China that is the smallest, southernmost, and most populous province in the region. With its capital at Shenyang, it is located on the northern shore of the Yellow Sea, and is the northernmost ...
to the northeast, and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region to the north. Its economy is based on agriculture and manufacturing. The province is China's premier steel producer, although the steel industry creates serious air pollution. Five UNESCO World Heritage Sites can be found in the province, the: Great Wall of China, Chengde Mountain Resort, Grand Canal,
Eastern Qing tombs The Eastern Qing tombs (; ) are an imperial mausoleum complex of the Qing dynasty located in Zunhua, northeast of Beijing. They are the largest, most complete, and best preserved extant mausoleum complex in China. Altogether, five emperors (Shun ...
, and Western Qing tombs. It is also home to five National Famous Historical and Cultural Cities:
Handan Handan is a prefecture-level city located in the southwest of Hebei province, China. The southernmost prefecture-level city of the province, it borders Xingtai on the north, and the provinces of Shanxi on the west, Henan on the south and Shando ...
, Baoding, Chengde, Zhengding and Shanhaiguan. Historically, during the
Spring and Autumn period The Spring and Autumn period was a period in Chinese history from approximately 770 to 476 BC (or according to some authorities until 403 BC) which corresponds roughly to the first half of the Eastern Zhou period. The period's name derives fr ...
and the Warring States period, the region was ruled by the Chinese Yan and Zhao states. During the Yuan dynasty, the region was called the
Zhongshu Province Zhongshu may refer to: * Zhongshu, Luxi County (中枢), a town in Luxi County, Yunnan * Zhongshu Subdistrict, Luliang County, a subdistrict in Luliang County, Yunnan * Zhongshu Subdistrict, Renhuai, a subdistrict in Renhuai, Guizhou *Zhongshu Shen ...
. It was called North Zhili during the Ming dynasty, and Zhili Province during the Qing dynasty. The modern-day province of Hebei was created in 1928.


Etymology

Hebei Province received its name from its location in the
North China Plain The North China Plain or Huang-Huai-Hai Plain () is a large-scale downfaulted rift basin formed in the late Paleogene and Neogene and then modified by the deposits of the Yellow River. It is the largest alluvial plain of China. The plain is bord ...
, north of the Yellow River. Hebei means "north of the river". Since the province is recorded in Yu Gong as
Ji Province Ji Province, also known by its Chinese name Jizhou, was one of the Nine Provinces of ancient China. It is referenced in Chinese historical texts such as the ''Tribute of Yu'', '' Erya'' and '' Rites of Zhou''. Rites of Zhou,Offices of Summer (夏 ...
, or Jizhou, it is abbreviated as Ji (). The province's nickname is Yanzhao (), which is the collective name of the Yan and Zhao states that controlled the region during the
Spring and Autumn period The Spring and Autumn period was a period in Chinese history from approximately 770 to 476 BC (or according to some authorities until 403 BC) which corresponds roughly to the first half of the Eastern Zhou period. The period's name derives fr ...
and the Warring States period. In 1421, the Yongle Emperor moved the capital from Nanjing to Beijing and the province started to be called North Zhili () or Zhili (), which means "Directly Ruled (by the Imperial Court)". When Nanjing became the capital of the
Republic of China Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast ...
in 1928, the Zhili province was abolished and given its present name, Hebei.


History


Pre and early history

Peking man, an early pre-historic
Homo erectus ''Homo erectus'' (; meaning "upright man") is an extinct species of archaic human from the Pleistocene, with its earliest occurrence about 2 million years ago. Several human species, such as '' H. heidelbergensis'' and '' H. antecessor' ...
, lived on the plains of Hebei around 200,000 to 700,000 years ago. Neolithic findings at the
prehistoric Beifudi site Beifudi () is an archaeological site and Neolithic village in Yi County, Hebei, China. The site, an area of 3 ha on the northern bank of the Yishui River, contains artifacts of a culture contemporaneous with the Cishan and Xinglongwa cultur ...
date to 7000 and 8000 BC. Many early Chinese myths are set in the province. Fuxi, one of the
Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors The Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors were two groups of mythological rulers in ancient north China. The Three Sovereigns supposedly lived long before The Five Emperors, who have been assigned dates in a period from 3162 BC to 2070 BC. Today ...
, is said to have lived in present-day Xingtai. The mythical Battle of Zhuolu, won by the Yellow Emperor,
Yan Emperor The Yan Emperor () or the Flame Emperor was a legendary ancient Chinese ruler in pre-dynastic times. Modern scholarship has identified the Sheep's Head Mountains (''Yángtóu Shān'') just north of Baoji in Shaanxi Province as his homeland and ...
, and their Yanhuang tribes against the Chiyou-led Jiuli tribes, took place in Zhangjiakou and started the Huaxia civilization. During the
Spring and Autumn period The Spring and Autumn period was a period in Chinese history from approximately 770 to 476 BC (or according to some authorities until 403 BC) which corresponds roughly to the first half of the Eastern Zhou period. The period's name derives fr ...
(722 BC–476 BC), Hebei was under the rule of Yan in the north and Jin in the south. Also during this period, a nomadic people known as invaded the plains of northern China and established Zhongshan in central Hebei. In the Warring States period (403 BC–221 BC), Jin was partitioned and much of its territory in Hebei went to Zhao.


Qin and Han dynasties

The Qin dynasty unified China in 221 BC. The Han dynasty (206 BC–220 AD) ruled the area under two provinces, You Prefecture in the north and
Ji Province Ji Province, also known by its Chinese name Jizhou, was one of the Nine Provinces of ancient China. It is referenced in Chinese historical texts such as the ''Tribute of Yu'', '' Erya'' and '' Rites of Zhou''. Rites of Zhou,Offices of Summer (夏 ...
in the south. At the end of the Han dynasty, most of Hebei was under the control of warlords Gongsun Zan in the north and Yuan Shao further south. Yuan Shao emerged as the victor of the two, but he was defeated by
Cao Cao Cao Cao () (; 155 – 15 March 220), courtesy name Mengde (), was a Chinese statesman, warlord and poet. He was the penultimate Grand chancellor (China), grand chancellor of the Eastern Han dynasty, and he amassed immense power in the End of ...
in the Battle of Guandu in 200. Hebei came under the rule of the Kingdom of Wei, established by the descendants of Cao Cao.


Jin through the Three Kingdoms

After the invasions of northern nomadic peoples at the end of the Western Jin dynasty, chaos ensued in the
Sixteen Kingdoms The Sixteen Kingdoms (), less commonly the Sixteen States, was a chaotic period in Chinese history from AD 304 to 439 when northern China fragmented into a series of short-lived dynastic states. The majority of these states were founded by ...
and the Northern and Southern dynasties. Because of its location on the northern frontier, Hebei changed hands many times and was controlled at various times by
Later Zhao The Later Zhao (; 319–351) was a dynasty of the Sixteen Kingdoms in northern China. It was founded by the Shi family of the Jie ethnicity. The Jie were most likely a Yeniseian people and spoke next to Chinese one of the Yeniseian languages.Vov ...
,
Former Yan The Former Yan (; 337–370) was a dynastic state ruled by the Xianbei during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms in China. Initially, Murong Huang and his son Murong Jun claimed the Jin dynasty-created title "Prince of Yan," but subsequently, in 352, ...
,
Former Qin The Former Qin, also called Fu Qin (苻秦), (351–394) was a dynastic state of the Sixteen Kingdoms in Chinese history ruled by the Di ethnicity. Founded by Fu Jian (posthumously Emperor Jingming) who originally served under the Later ...
, and Later Yan. The
Northern Wei Wei (), known in historiography as the Northern Wei (), Tuoba Wei (), Yuan Wei () and Later Wei (), was founded by the Tuoba (Tabgach) clan of the Xianbei. The first of the Northern and Southern dynasties#Northern dynasties, Northern dynasties ...
reunified northern China in 440 but split in 534, with Hebei coming under Eastern Wei; then the Northern Qi, with its capital at Ye near modern
Linzhang Linzhang County () is a county of far southern Hebei province, China, named after the Zhang River within its borders. It is under the administration of Handan City, and, , it had a population of 590,000 residing in an area of . Administrative di ...
, Hebei. The
Sui dynasty The Sui dynasty (, ) was a short-lived imperial dynasty of China that lasted from 581 to 618. The Sui unified the Northern and Southern dynasties, thus ending the long period of division following the fall of the Western Jin dynasty, and layi ...
again unified China in 589.


Tang and Five dynasties

During the Tang dynasty (618–907), the area was officially called Hebei for the first time. During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, Hebei was fragmented among several regimes. It was eventually unified by Li Cunxu, who established the Later Tang (923–936). Emperor Gaozu of the Later Jin dynasty ceded much of northern Hebei to the Khitan Liao dynasty. This territory, called the
Sixteen Prefectures The Sixteen Prefectures () comprise a historical region in northern China along the Great Wall in present-day Beijing, Tianjin, and northern Hebei and Shanxi. Name It is more specifically called the Sixteen Prefectures of Yan and Yun or the Six ...
of Yanyun, became a weakness in the Chinese defense against the Khitans for the next century because it lay within the Great Wall.


Song through Yuan dynasties

During the Northern Song dynasty (960–1127), the sixteen ceded prefectures continued to be an area of contention between Song China and the Liao dynasty. Later, the
Southern Song dynasty The Song dynasty (; ; 960–1279) was an imperial dynasty of China that began in 960 and lasted until 1279. The dynasty was founded by Emperor Taizu of Song following his usurpation of the throne of the Later Zhou. The Song conquered the rest ...
abandoned all of
North China North China, or Huabei () is a List of regions of China, geographical region of China, consisting of the provinces of Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi and Inner Mongolia. Part of the larger region of Northern China (''Beifang''), it lies north ...
, including Hebei, to the
Jurchen Jin dynasty Jurchen may refer to: * Jurchen people, Tungusic people who inhabited the region of Manchuria until the 17th century ** Haixi Jurchens, a grouping of the Jurchens as identified by the Chinese of the Ming Dynasty ** Jianzhou Jurchens, a grouping of ...
after the 1127 Jingkang Incident of the Jin–Song wars. Hebei was heavily affected by the flooding of the Yellow River; between 1048 and 1128, the river ran directly through the province rather than to its south. The Mongol Yuan dynasty divided China into provinces but did not establish Hebei as a province. Instead, the area was directly administrated by the Secretariat at the capital Dadu.


Ming and Qing dynasties

The Ming dynasty ruled Hebei as Beizhili, meaning Northern Directly Ruled because the area contained and was directly ruled by the imperial capital in Beijing. The "Northern" designation was used because there was a southern counterpart covering present-day Jiangsu and Anhui. When the
Manchu The Manchus (; ) are a Tungusic East Asian ethnic group native to Manchuria in Northeast Asia. They are an officially recognized ethnic minority in China and the people from whom Manchuria derives its name. The Later Jin (1616–1636) and ...
Qing dynasty came to power in 1644, they abolished the southern counterpart, and Hebei became known as Zhili or Directly Ruled. During the Qing dynasty, the northern borders of Zhili extended deep into Inner Mongolia and overlapped in jurisdiction with the
league League or The League may refer to: Arts and entertainment * ''Leagues'' (band), an American rock band * ''The League'', an American sitcom broadcast on FX and FXX about fantasy football Sports * Sports league * Rugby league, full contact footba ...
s of Inner Mongolia.


Republic of China

The Qing dynasty collapsed in 1912 and was replaced by the
Republic of China Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast ...
. In a few years, China descended into a civil war, with regional warlords vying for power. Since Zhili was so close to the capital of Peking ( Beijing), it was the site of the Zhiwan War, the
First Zhifeng War First or 1st is the ordinal form of the number one (#1). First or 1st may also refer to: *World record, specifically the first instance of a particular achievement Arts and media Music * 1$T, American rapper, singer-songwriter, DJ, and rec ...
, and the
Second Zhifeng War The second (symbol: s) is the unit of time in the International System of Units (SI), historically defined as of a day – this factor derived from the division of the day first into 24 hours, then to 60 minutes and finally to 60 seconds ...
. With the success of the Northern Expedition in 1926 and 1927 by the Kuomintang, the capital was moved from Peking to Nanking ( Nanjing). As a result, the provence's name was changed to Hebei, reflecting the relocation of the capital and its standard provincial administration. During the World War II, Hebei was under the control of the Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China, a puppet state of Imperial Japan.


People's Republic of China

The founding of the People's Republic of China saw several changes. The region around Chengde, previously part of
Rehe Rehe (), also romanized as Jehol, was a former Chinese special administrative region and province. Administration Rehe was north of the Great Wall, west of Manchuria, and east of Mongolia. Its capital and largest city was Chengde. The second ...
Province (historically part of Manchuria), and the region around Zhangjiakou, previously part of Chahar Province (historically part of Inner Mongolia), were merged into Hebei. This extended its borders northwards beyond the Great Wall. Meanwhile, the city of Puyang was carved away, causing Hebei to lose access to the Yellow River. The city became part of the short-lived
Pingyuan Province Pingyuan () was a former province of the People's Republic of China that existed between 1949 and 1952. Its capital was Xinxiang, now in Henan province. History Pingyuan Province was established on August 20, 1949, comprising adjoining prefectur ...
before eventually being annexed into Henan. The capital was also moved from Baoding to the new city of
Shijiazhuang Shijiazhuang (; ; Mandarin: ), formerly known as Shimen and romanized as Shihkiachwang, is the capital and most populous city of China’s North China's Hebei Province. Administratively a prefecture-level city, it is about southwest of Beijin ...
, and, for a short period, to Tianjin. On July 28, 1976, Tangshan was struck by the
Tangshan earthquake The 1976 Tangshan earthquake () was a 7.6 earthquake that hit the region around Tangshan, Hebei, China, at 3:42 a.m. on 28 July 1976. The maximum intensity of the earthquake was XI (''Extreme'') on the Mercalli scale. In minutes, 85 percen ...
, the deadliest earthquake of the 20th century, killing over 240,000 people. There were a series of smaller earthquakes in the following decade. Today, Hebei, along with Beijing and Tianjin municipalities which it includes, make up the Jing-Jin-Ji megalopolis region. With a population of 130 million, it is about six times the size of the New York metropolitan area and is one of the largest megalopolis clusters in China. Beijing had also unloaded some of its non-capital functions to the province with the establishment of the Xiong'an New Area, which integrates the three municipalities.


Geography

Hebei is the only province in China to contain plateaus, mountains, hills, shorelines, plains, and lakes. Most of central and southern Hebei lies within the
North China Plain The North China Plain or Huang-Huai-Hai Plain () is a large-scale downfaulted rift basin formed in the late Paleogene and Neogene and then modified by the deposits of the Yellow River. It is the largest alluvial plain of China. The plain is bord ...
. Western Hebei rises into the Taihang Mountains (Taihang Shan), while the Yan Mountains (Yan Shan) runs through northern Hebei. Beyond the mountains are the grasslands of Inner Mongolia. The highest peak is
Mount Xiaowutai Mount Xiaowutai () is a mountain located in Yu County in the northwest of the province of Hebei, China. With an altitude of , it is the highest point in Hebei and the Taihang Mountains The Taihang Mountains () are a Chinese mountain range ru ...
in Yu County in the northwest of the province, with an altitude of . Hebei borders the Bohai Sea on the east. The Hai River
watershed Watershed is a hydrological term, which has been adopted in other fields in a more or less figurative sense. It may refer to: Hydrology * Drainage divide, the line that separates neighbouring drainage basins * Drainage basin, called a "watershe ...
covers most of the province's central and southern parts; the Luan River watershed covers the northeast. Excluding manmade reservoirs, the largest lake in Hebei is
Baiyangdian Baiyang Lake, also known as Lake Baiyangdian, is located in the Xiong'an New Area of Baoding, a prefecture-level city in Hebei Province, China. It is the largest freshwater lake in northern China. It is referred to as the Kidney of North China. ...
, located in
Anxin County Anxin () is a county in central Hebei province, China. It is under the jurisdiction of Baoding City, the centre of which lies about to the west, and , it has a population of 420,000 residing in an area of . Most of Baiyang Lake is located in the ...
, Baoding. Major cities in Hebei include:
Shijiazhuang Shijiazhuang (; ; Mandarin: ), formerly known as Shimen and romanized as Shihkiachwang, is the capital and most populous city of China’s North China's Hebei Province. Administratively a prefecture-level city, it is about southwest of Beijin ...
, Baoding, Tangshan, Qinhuangdao,
Handan Handan is a prefecture-level city located in the southwest of Hebei province, China. The southernmost prefecture-level city of the province, it borders Xingtai on the north, and the provinces of Shanxi on the west, Henan on the south and Shando ...
, and Zhangjiakou. Hebei has a monsoon-influenced humid continental climate. Its winters are cold and dry, while its summers are hot and humid. Temperatures average in January and in July. The annual precipitation ranges from , concentrated heavily in summer.


Government

The politics of Hebei is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in mainland China. The
Governor of Hebei The politics of Hebei Province in the People's Republic of China is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in mainland China. The Governor of Hebei is the highest-ranking official in the People's Governme ...
is the highest-ranking official in the People's Government of Hebei. However, in the province's dual party-government governing system, the governor has less power than the Hebei Chinese Communist Party Provincial Committee Secretary ( CCP Party Chief).


Administrative divisions

Hebei has eleven prefecture-level divisions. All are prefecture-level cities: These eleven prefecture-level divisions are subdivided into 168 county-level divisions (47 districts, 21 county-level cities, 94 counties and 6
autonomous counties Autonomous counties () and autonomous banners () are county-level autonomous administrative divisions of China. The two are essentially identical except in name. There are 117 autonomous counties and three autonomous banners. The latter are fo ...
). Those are, in turn, divided into 2207 township-level divisions (1 district public office, 937 towns, 979 townships, 55 ethnic townships, and 235
subdistrict A subdistrict or sub-district is an administrative division that is generally smaller than a district. Equivalents * Administrative posts of East Timor, formerly Portuguese-language * Kelurahan, in Indonesia * Mukim, a township in Brunei, In ...
s). At the end of 2017, the total population of Hebei was 75.2 million.


Urban areas


Notes


Economy

In 2014, Hebei's gross domestic product (GDP} was 2.942 trillion yuan (US$479 billion). It is ranked sixth in the PRC, with its
GDP per capita Lists of countries by GDP per capita list the countries in the world by their gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. The lists may be based on nominal or purchasing power parity GDP. Gross national income (GNI) per capita accounts for inflows ...
reaching 40,124
renminbi The renminbi (; symbol: ¥; ISO code: CNY; abbreviation: RMB) is the official currency of the People's Republic of China and one of the world's most traded currencies, ranking as the fifth most traded currency in the world as of April 2022. ...
. As of 2011, the
primary Primary or primaries may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Music Groups and labels * Primary (band), from Australia * Primary (musician), hip hop musician and record producer from South Korea * Primary Music, Israeli record label Works * ...
,
secondary Secondary may refer to: Science and nature * Secondary emission, of particles ** Secondary electrons, electrons generated as ionization products * The secondary winding, or the electrical or electronic circuit connected to the secondary winding i ...
, and tertiary sectors of industry contributed 203.46 billion, 877.74 billion, and 537.66 billion RMB respectively. The registered urban unemployment rate was 3.96%. Hebei's industries include
textiles Textile is an umbrella term that includes various fiber-based materials, including fibers, yarns, filaments, threads, different fabric types, etc. At first, the word "textiles" only referred to woven fabrics. However, weaving is not the ...
, coal,
steel Steel is an alloy made up of iron with added carbon to improve its strength and fracture resistance compared to other forms of iron. Many other elements may be present or added. Stainless steels that are corrosion- and oxidation-resistant ty ...
, iron, engineering, chemical production, petroleum, power, ceramics, and food. 40% of Hebei's labor force works in the agriculture, forestry, and animal husbandry sectors, with the majority of production from these industries going to Beijing and Tianjin. Hebei's main agricultural products are
cereal A cereal is any Poaceae, grass cultivated for the edible components of its grain (botanically, a type of fruit called a caryopsis), composed of the endosperm, Cereal germ, germ, and bran. Cereal Grain, grain crops are grown in greater quantit ...
crops, including wheat, maize,
millet Millets () are a highly varied group of small-seeded grasses, widely grown around the world as cereal crops or grains for fodder and human food. Most species generally referred to as millets belong to the tribe Paniceae, but some millets al ...
, and
sorghum ''Sorghum'' () is a genus of about 25 species of flowering plants in the grass family (Poaceae). Some of these species are grown as cereals for human consumption and some in pastures for animals. One species is grown for grain, while many othe ...
.
Cash crop A cash crop or profit crop is an Agriculture, agricultural crop which is grown to sell for profit. It is typically purchased by parties separate from a farm. The term is used to differentiate marketed crops from staple crop (or "subsistence crop") ...
s like cotton, peanut, soybeans and
sesame Sesame ( or ; ''Sesamum indicum'') is a flowering plant in the genus ''Sesamum'', also called benne. Numerous wild relatives occur in Africa and a smaller number in India. It is widely naturalized in tropical regions around the world and is cu ...
are also produced. Hebei has abundant natural resources. The
Kailuan The Kailuan (Group) Co., Ltd. () is a major Chinese coal mining company. Chinese Engineering and Mining Company was its predecessor. In 2009, Kailuan Group planned to build a coal reserve base on the northeast coast to store 50 million tonnes of t ...
mine in Tangshan, with a history of over 100 years, is one of China's first modern coal mines. It remains active, with an annual production of over 20 million metric tonnes. Much of the North China Oilfied is within Hebei. There are major iron mines at
Handan Handan is a prefecture-level city located in the southwest of Hebei province, China. The southernmost prefecture-level city of the province, it borders Xingtai on the north, and the provinces of Shanxi on the west, Henan on the south and Shando ...
and Qian'an. Iron and steel manufacturing are the largest industries in Hebei.


Economic and technological development zones

* Baoding Hi-Tech Industry Development Zone * Langfang Export Processing Zone * Qinhuangdao Economic & Technological Development Zone * Qinhuangdao Export Processing Zone *
Shijiazhuang Shijiazhuang (; ; Mandarin: ), formerly known as Shimen and romanized as Shihkiachwang, is the capital and most populous city of China’s North China's Hebei Province. Administratively a prefecture-level city, it is about southwest of Beijin ...
Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone * Xiong'an New Area


Demographics

The population in Hebei is mostly Han Chinese. There are 55 ethnic minorities in Hebei, representing 4.27% of the total population. The largest ethnic groups are
Manchu The Manchus (; ) are a Tungusic East Asian ethnic group native to Manchuria in Northeast Asia. They are an officially recognized ethnic minority in China and the people from whom Manchuria derives its name. The Later Jin (1616–1636) and ...
(2.1 million people), Hui (600,000 people), and Mongol (180,000 people). Population totals do not include those in active service with the
People's Liberation Army The People's Liberation Army (PLA) is the principal military force of the People's Republic of China and the armed wing of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The PLA consists of five service branches: the Ground Force, Navy, Air Force, ...
. In 2019, the birth rate was 10.83 births per 1,000 people, while the death rate was 6.12 deaths per 1,000 people. The male population is 37,679,003 (50.50%), the female population is 36,931,232 (49.50%). The gender ratio of the total population was 102.02, decreasing by 0.82 from 2010.


Religion

The dominant religions in Hebei are
Chinese folk religions Chinese folk religion, also known as Chinese popular religion comprehends a range of traditional religious practices of Han Chinese, including the Chinese diaspora. Vivienne Wee described it as "an empty bowl, which can variously be filled ...
, Taoist traditions, and Chinese Buddhism. According to surveys conducted in 2007 and 2009, 5.52% of the population believe in and are involved in
ancestor veneration The veneration of the dead, including one's ancestors, is based on love and respect for the deceased. In some cultures, it is related to beliefs that the dead have a continued existence, and may possess the ability to influence the fortune of t ...
, while 3.05% identify as Christian, belonging mostly to the Catholic Church. As of 2010 Muslims constitute 0.82% of the population of Hebei.Min Junqing. ''The Present Situation and Characteristics of Contemporary Islam in China''. JISMOR, 8
2010 Islam by province, page 29
Data from: Yang Zongde, ''Study on Current Muslim Population in China'', Jinan Muslim, 2, 2010.
Although the surveys did not provide specific data for other religions, 90.61% of the population are either nonreligious or are involved in worship of nature deities, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, and folk religious sects.
Zailiism Zailiism (在理教, the "Way of the Abiding Principle") or Liism (理教), also known as the Baiyidao (白衣道 "White-Clad Way") or Bafangdao (八方道 "Octagonal Way"), is a Chinese folk religious sect of north China, founded in the 17th cen ...
is a folk religious sect that originated in Hebei. Local worship of deities organized into benevolent churches in reaction to Catholicism in the Qing dynasty. Hebei has the largest Catholic population in China, with one million members and 1.5 million Catholics according to the Catholic Church. In 1900,
apparition of the Virgin Mary A Marian apparition is a reported supernatural appearance by Mary, the mother of Jesus, or a series of related such appearances during a period of time. In the Catholic Church, in order for a reported appearance to be classified as a Marian ap ...
was said have appeared in the town of Donglu in Baoding. As a result, Donglu is "one of the strongholds of the unofficial Catholic Church in China". Many Catholics in Hebei remain loyal to the Pope and reject the authority of the Catholic Patriotic Church. Four of Hebei's underground bishops have been imprisoned in recent years: Bishop
Francis An Shuxin Francis An Shuxin (; born 16 July 1949) is the Roman Catholic bishop of the diocese of Baoding, China. He received consecration by Bishop Peter Liu Guandong on May 2, 1993, as the Auxiliary Bishop of Baoding diocese. He was arrested on October 8, ...
of Donglu since 1996; Bishop
James Su Zhimin James is a common English language surname and given name: *James (name), the typically masculine first name James * James (surname), various people with the last name James James or James City may also refer to: People * King James (disambiguat ...
since October 1997; Bishop
Han Dingxiang John Han Dingxiang (; May 17, 1937 – September 9, 2007) was an underground Roman Catholic bishop of Yongnian, a division of Hebei province, in China. Han was detained for much of his ministry for his loyalty to the Vatican as opposed to the Ch ...
of Yongnian who died in prison in 2007, and Bishop
Julius Jia Zhiguo Julius Jia Zhiguo (born 5 June 1934) is an underground bishop of the Roman Catholic Church in the People's Republic of China. Bishop Jia had been jailed for as long as 20 years, but had been released before he disappeared. During his confinement a ...
of Zhengding since late 1999.Hebei
, Pray for China


Culture


Language

People speak dialects of
Mandarin Mandarin or The Mandarin may refer to: Language * Mandarin Chinese, branch of Chinese originally spoken in northern parts of the country ** Standard Chinese or Modern Standard Mandarin, the official language of China ** Taiwanese Mandarin, Stand ...
across the Hebei, with most classified as part of the Ji Lu Mandarin subdivision of Chinese. Along the western border with
Shanxi Shanxi (; ; formerly romanised as Shansi) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China and is part of the North China region. The capital and largest city of the province is Taiyuan, while its next most populated prefecture-lev ...
, dialects are distinct enough for linguists to consider them as part of Jin, another subdivision of Chinese. In general, the dialects of Hebei are similar to the Beijing dialect, which forms the basis for
Standard Chinese Standard Chinese ()—in linguistics Standard Northern Mandarin or Standard Beijing Mandarin, in common speech simply Mandarin, better qualified as Standard Mandarin, Modern Standard Mandarin or Standard Mandarin Chinese—is a modern Standar ...
and the official language of the nation. However, there are also some distinct differences, such as the pronunciation of some words, made by
entering tone A checked tone, commonly known by the Chinese calque entering tone, is one of the four syllable types in the phonology of Middle Chinese. Although usually translated as "tone", a checked tone is not a tone in the phonetic sense but rather a syl ...
syllables (syllables ending on a
plosive In phonetics, a plosive, also known as an occlusive or simply a stop, is a pulmonic consonant in which the vocal tract is blocked so that all airflow ceases. The occlusion may be made with the tongue tip or blade (, ), tongue body (, ), lips ...
) in Middle Chinese.


Arts

Traditional forms of
Chinese opera Traditional Chinese opera (), or ''Xiqu'', is a form of musical theatre in China with roots going back to the early periods in China. It is an amalgamation of various art forms that existed in ancient China, and evolved gradually over more tha ...
in Hebei include Pingju,
Hebei Bangzi ''Hebei bangzi'' ( 河北梆子) is a genre of Chinese opera from the northern province of Hebei. It may also be found in the nearby cities of Beijing and Tianjin, as well as in Shandong, Henan, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, and Inner Mongolia, ...
(Hebei Clapper Opera), and Cangzhou
Kuaiban Dagu ''Kuaibanshu'' () is a form of oral storytelling performance that is popular in northern China. It is a type of ''shuochang'', somewhat similar to Vietnamese language, Vietnamese vè or rapping. Background Kuaiban literally means ''fast boards''. ...
. Pingju is especially popular because it tends to use colloquial language which is easier for audiences to understand. Originating from northeastern Hebei, Pingju was influenced by other forms of Chinese opera such as
Beijing opera Peking opera, or Beijing opera (), is the most dominant form of Chinese opera, which combines music, vocal performance, mime, dance and acrobatics. It arose in Beijing in the mid-Qing dynasty (1644–1912) and became fully developed and recognize ...
. Traditionally Pingju has a '' xiaosheng'' (young male lead), a '' xiaodan'' (young female lead), and a '' xiaohualian'' (young comic character), though it has diversified to include other roles.
Quyang County Quyang County () is under the administration of Baoding City, Hebei Hebei or , (; alternately Hopeh) is a northern province of China. Hebei is China's sixth most populous province, with over 75 million people. Shijiazhuang is the capi ...
, in central Hebei, is noted for Ding ware, a type of Chinese ceramics which includes various vessels such as bowls, plates, vases, and cups, as well as figurines. Ding ware is usually creamy white, though it is also made in other colors.


Cuisine

Hebei cuisine is typically based on wheat, mutton, and beans. The donkey burger, originating from the cities of Baoding and Hejian, Cangzhou, is a staple in provincial cuisine and has spread into the two municipalities. Other dishes include local variants of shaobing.


Entertainment

Beidaihe, located near Shanhaiguan, is a popular beach resort.


Architectural and cultural sites

The Ming Great Wall crosses the northern part of Hebei, and its eastern end is located on the coast at Shanhaiguan (Shanhai Pass), near Qinhuangdao. Informally known as the First Pass of The World, Shanhaiguan Pass was where Ming general
Wu Sangui Wu Sangui (; 8 June 1612 – 2 October 1678), courtesy name Changbai () or Changbo (), was a notorious Ming Dynasty military officer who played a key role in the fall of the Ming dynasty and the founding of the Qing dynasty in China. In Chinese ...
opened the gates to Manchu forces in 1644, beginning nearly 300 years of Manchu rule. The Chengde Mountain Resort and its outlying temples are a World Heritage Site. Also known as the Rehe Palace, this was the summer resort of the Manchu Qing dynasty emperors. The resort was built between 1703 and 1792. It consists of a palace complex and a large park with lakes, pavilions, causeways, and bridges. There are also several Tibetan Buddhist and Han Chinese temples in the surrounding area. There are Qing dynasty imperial tombs at Zunhua (
Eastern Qing Tombs The Eastern Qing tombs (; ) are an imperial mausoleum complex of the Qing dynasty located in Zunhua, northeast of Beijing. They are the largest, most complete, and best preserved extant mausoleum complex in China. Altogether, five emperors (Shun ...
) and Yixian (
West Qing Tombs The Western Qing tombs (; ) are located some southwest of Beijing in Yi County, Hebei Province. They constitute a necropolis that incorporates four royal mausoleums where seventy-eight royal members are buried. These include four emperors of th ...
). The Eastern Qing Tombs are the resting place of 161 Qing emperors, empresses, and other members of the Qing imperial family, while the West Qing Tombs have 76 burials. Both tomb complexes are part of a World Heritage Site. The Zhaozhou, or
Anji Bridge The Anji Bridge () is the world's oldest open-spandrel segmental arch bridge of stone construction.This title strictly applies only to the ''sum of attributes given'' (O’Connor, Colin: ''Roman Bridges'', Cambridge University Press 1993, , p.171) ...
, was built by Li Chun during the
Sui dynasty The Sui dynasty (, ) was a short-lived imperial dynasty of China that lasted from 581 to 618. The Sui unified the Northern and Southern dynasties, thus ending the long period of division following the fall of the Western Jin dynasty, and layi ...
and is the oldest stone arch bridge in China. It is one of the most significant examples of pre-modern Chinese civil engineering. Baoding, the old provincial capital, contains the historic Zhili governor's residence and the former court.
Xibaipo Xibaipo () is a township-level division of Pingshan County, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China. The Hebei Xibaipo, Xishan District of Hutuo River north of the small village, not only beautiful and fertile soil. Once the Central Committee of the Chinese ...
, a village about from
Shijiazhuang Shijiazhuang (; ; Mandarin: ), formerly known as Shimen and romanized as Shihkiachwang, is the capital and most populous city of China’s North China's Hebei Province. Administratively a prefecture-level city, it is about southwest of Beijin ...
in Pingshan County, was the location of the
Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party The Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, officially the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, is a political body that comprises the top leaders of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). It is currently composed of 205 fu ...
and the headquarters of the
People's Liberation Army The People's Liberation Army (PLA) is the principal military force of the People's Republic of China and the armed wing of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The PLA consists of five service branches: the Ground Force, Navy, Air Force, ...
during the decisive stages of the Chinese Civil War between May 26, 1948 and March 23, 1949. Today, the area houses a memorial site.


Sports

The
2018 Women's Bandy World Championship The 2018 Women's Bandy World Championship was held in China, in the city of Chengde on 9–13 January 2018. This was the IXth Women's Bandy World Championship. While the record number of participants in previous tournaments is 7, the organisers h ...
was held in Hebei. Sports teams based in Hebei include National Basketball League (China), Hebei Springs Benma, and the Chinese Football Association team
Hebei F.C. Hebei Football Club () is a professional Chinese football club that participates in the Chinese Super League division under licence from the Chinese Football Association (CFA). The team is based in Langfang, Hebei and their home stadium is the La ...
,
Hebei Elite F.C. Hebei Zhuoao F.C. is defunct Chinese football club. They were based in Qinhuangdao, Hebei. The Chinese Football School Stadium was their home venue. It had partnership with Brazilian football club Olé Brasil Futebol Clube through youth programs ...
, and
Cangzhou Mighty Lions F.C. Cangzhou Mighty Lions Football Club () is a professional football club that currently participates in the Chinese Super League under licence from the Chinese Football Association (CFA). The team is based in Cangzhou, Hebei and their home stadium i ...
Baoding is home to the Baoding balls, a kind of metal ball for exercise and meditation.


Education

Under the national Ministry of Education: * North China Electric Power University () Under other national agencies: *
Central Institute for Correctional Police The National Police University for Criminal Justice (), previously the Central Institute for Correctional Police, is a public university in Baoding, Hebei, China. The university, founded in 1956, is currently the only tertiary institution affiliat ...
() *
Chinese People's Armed Police Force Academy The Chinese People's Police University () is an academy in Langfang, Hebei Hebei or , (; alternately Hopeh) is a northern province of China. Hebei is China's sixth most populous province, with over 75 million people. Shijiazhuang is th ...
() *
North China Institute of Science and Technology North China Institute of Science and Technology (shortly "''NCIST''", 华北科技学院 Huáběi kējì xuéyuàn) is a university in Sanhe, Hebei, China. The university was founded in 1984, formerly named "Beijing Institute of Coal Management, Y ...
() Under the provincial government: *
Chengde Medical College Chengde Medical College () is a university in Hebei, China under the provincial government. History The College was established in 1945, and adopted its current name in 1982. Formerly for undergraduates only, the university received authorization ...
() *
Handan College Handan University (), formerly Handan College, is a university based in Handan, Hebei province, People's Republic of China. It is a comprehensive university which offers courses from the Humanities to Sciences. History Handan University, esta ...
() *
Hebei Agricultural University Hebei Agricultural University (), also known as the Agricultural University of Hebei, is a public comprehensive university with the focus on areas of agriculture and forestry, engineering, and life sciences. It was jointly established by the pro ...
() *
Hebei Engineering University Hebei University of Engineering () is a provincial university based in Handan, Hebei, China. It was established in 2003 from the amalgamation of individual colleges: Hebei Institute of Architectural Science and Technology, North China Institute o ...
() *
Hebei Institute of Architecture and Civil Engineering Hebei or , (; alternately Hopeh) is a northern province of China. Hebei is China's sixth most populous province, with over 75 million people. Shijiazhuang is the capital city. The province is 96% Han Chinese, 3% Manchu, 0.8% Hui, and 0 ...
() *
Hebei Medical University Hebei Medical University () is a university in Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China, under the provincial government. It was established in 1894, making it one of the oldest, and is an AAA graded medical school in China. Located in Shijiazhuang, the capit ...
() *
Hebei Normal University Hebei Normal University () is a public research university in Shijiazhuang, Hebei province, China. It is a provincial key university with more than 100 years history, and is supported by both Hebei Province and Education Department of China. Hi ...
() *
Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology (河北科技师范学院 Héběi kējì shīfàn xuéyuàn) is a university in Hebei Hebei or , (; alternately Hopeh) is a northern province of China. Hebei is China's sixth most popu ...
() *
Hebei North University Hebei North University (abbreviation: HBNU or HebeiNU; ; Héběi běifāng xuéyuàn) is a multi-faculty university in Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China under the provincial government. Hebei North University is a provincially administrated multi-faculty ...
() *
Hebei Physical Educational Institute The Hebei Institute of Physical Education (河北体育学院 Héběi tǐyù xuéyuàn) is a sports institute in Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China. Founded in 1984, the institute merged with the Hebei Sports School in 2002. It currently has about 4,700 s ...
() * North China University of Science and Technology () *
Hebei University Hebei University () is a public comprehensive university in Baoding, Hebei Province, China. The university has an estimated student population of 33,000, including 6,100 full-time postgraduates and 26,900 full-time undergraduates. History The un ...
() *
Hebei University of Economics and Business Hebei University of Economics and Business () is a university located in Shijiazhuang, the capital of Hebei province, China. It currently has four campuses. Beginnings Founded in 1953 as the Shijiazhuang School of Supply and Sales administrated ...
() * Hebei University of Technology () *
Hebei University of Science and Technology Hebei University of Science and Technology (HEBUST; ) is one of the key, multi-disciplinary universities in Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China. It offers undergraduate degrees in science, engineering, humanities, and social science courses. History He ...
() * Hengshui University () *
Langfang Teacher's College Langfang Teachers College (廊坊师范学院 Lángfāng shīfàn xuéyuàn) is a university in Hebei Hebei or , (; alternately Hopeh) is a northern province of China. Hebei is China's sixth most populous province, with over 75 millio ...
() *
North China Coal Medical College North China University of Science and Technology is a university in Tangshan City, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China. North China University of Science and Technology is one of the key universities of Hebei Province, China. It is a com ...
() *
Shijiazhuang College Shijiazhuang University (石家庄学院 Shíjiāzhuāng xuéyuàn) is a university in Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, ...
() *
Shijiazhuang Railway Institute Shijiazhuang Tiedao University (abbreviated STDU, also known as Tieda and Tieyuan; Chinese: 石家庄铁道大学), is a national key university in China, specialised in transportation science, engineering and technology and information technolo ...
() *
Shijiazhuang University of Economics Hebei University of Geosciences, or Hebei GEO University (), previously named Shijiazhuang University of Economics () is a university in Shijiazhuang, Hebei Hebei or , (; alternately Hopeh) is a northern province of China. Hebei is C ...
() *
Tangshan College Tangshan College (唐山学院 Tángshān xuéyuàn) is a college in Hebei, China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 ...
() * Tangshan Teacher's College () *
Xingtai University Xingtai University (邢台学院 Xíngtái xuéyuàn) is a university in Hebei, China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1 ...
() *
Yanshan University Yanshan University () is a university in Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China under the provincial government. It has a student population of 39,000 and a staff population of 3,200 (2,058 are teachers, including 413 full professors and 630 associate prof ...
() There are also Tibetan Buddhist schools in the province.


Infrastructure


Transportation


Intracity Rail

The
Shijiazhuang Metro Shijiazhuang Metro (; branded as SJZ Metro) is a rapid transit system in Shijiazhuang, Hebei province, China. Network Line 1 Line 1, opened on 26 June 2017. It is 34.3 kilometers in length with 26 underground stations. Line 2 Line 2, opene ...
is the only operational rapid transit system in Hebei.
Xiong'an Rail Transit Xiong'an New Area () is a state-level new area in the Baoding area of Hebei, China. Established in April 2017, the area is located about 100 km southwest of Beijing and 50 km east of downtown Baoding. Its main function is to serve as ...
is a planned metro system in Xiong'an.


Intercity Rail

As of early 2013, railway schedule systems listed 160 passenger train stations within the province. Because Hebei surrounds Beijing and Tianjin, all the important railway lines from these cities pass through Hebei. The Beijing–Guangzhou railway is one of the most important. It passes through many major cities, including Baoding,
Shijiazhuang Shijiazhuang (; ; Mandarin: ), formerly known as Shimen and romanized as Shihkiachwang, is the capital and most populous city of China’s North China's Hebei Province. Administratively a prefecture-level city, it is about southwest of Beijin ...
, Xingtai and
Handan Handan is a prefecture-level city located in the southwest of Hebei province, China. The southernmost prefecture-level city of the province, it borders Xingtai on the north, and the provinces of Shanxi on the west, Henan on the south and Shando ...
on its way south to Henan. Other important railways include the Beijing–Kowloon railway, Beijing–Shanghai railway, Beijing–Harbin railway, Beijing–Chengde railway, Beijing–Tongliao railway, Beijing–Baotou railway and
Fengtai–Shacheng railway The Fengtai–Shacheng railway (), also known as the Fengsha railway, is a dual-track, electrified, railroad in northern China. The Fengtai–Shacheng railway runs from Fengtai District in western Beijing Municipality to the town of Shache ...
. High-speed rail lines crossing the province include the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway, Beijing–Guangzhou high-speed railway, and
Shijiazhuang–Taiyuan high-speed railway The Shijiazhuang–Taiyuan high-speed railway, or the Shitai passenger railway () is a high-speed railway operated by China Railway High-speed, running from Shijiazhuang to Taiyuan, respectively the provincial capitals of Hebei and Shanxi, a ...
. During the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, Beijing and Hebei collaborated on a new passenger railway. The RMB 82.6 billion network will add to the system. Current railway systems for Hebei are also being upgraded and will soon be able to travel at speeds of between per hour.


Highways and primary routes

The recent expressway boom in China included Hebei. There are expressways to every prefecture-level city in Hebei, totaling approximately . The total length of highways within Hebei is around .


Air transit

Shijiazhuang's
Zhengding Airport Shijiazhuang Zhengding International Airport is the primary airport serving Shijiazhuang, the capital of Hebei province, China. The airport is the hub for Hebei Airlines and a focus city for both China United Airlines and Spring Airlines. It is ...
is the province's center for air transportation, with domestic and international flights. Parts of Hebei are served by the Beijing Daxing International Airport in Beijing.


Ocean transit

There are several ports along the Bohai Sea, including
Huanghua Huanghua () is a county-level city located in the Bohai Gulf coastal region of Hebei province, China. It is under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Cangzhou. Huanghua is named after Chinese Communist revolutionary Huang Hua. Pre ...
, Jingtang, and Qinhuangdao. Qinhuangdao is the second busiest port in China and has a capacity of over 100 million tons.


Media

Hebei is served by the province-wide
Hebei Television Hebei Television (HEBTV), () is a television network in Hebei province and all parts of the Beijing and Tianjin television viewing areas. Hebei Television also covers parts of Shandong, Henan and Shaanxi provinces and the Inner Mongolia Autonomo ...
, abbreviated HEBTV. Shijiazhuang Radio & Television is a regional network that covers the provincial capital. Hebei is also served by three major newspapers: ''
Hebei Daily ''Hebei Daily'' () is the official newspaper of the Hebei branch of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). History and profile ''Hebei Daily'' was established in 1949. It is edited in the provincial capital Shijiazhuang and printed in 11 cities ever ...
'', ''
Yanzhao Metropolis Daily ''Yanzhao Metropolis Daily'' or ''Yanzhao Dushibao'' (), also known as ''Yanzhao Metropolitan Daily'', is a morning newspaper published in the Hebei province of the People's Republic of China. It is owned by Hebei Daily Newspaper Group, which als ...
'', and ''
Yanzhao Evening News ''Yanzhao Evening News'' or ''Yanzhao Wanbao'' (), also known as ''Yanzhao Evening Post'', is a tabloid newspaper published in Shijiazhuang, capital of Hebei Province, China. Its predecessor was ''Shijiazhuang Evening Post'' (石家庄晚报), ...
''. Hebei Daily Newspaper Group publishes all three newspapers.


Notable people

* Zu Chongzhi (429–500) – astronomer, mathematician, politician, inventor, and writer known for calculating pi to an accuracy that was not surpassed for 800 years * Feng Dao (881–954) – inventor, printer, and politician * Zhang Fei (?–221) – military general during the
Eastern Han dynasty The Han dynasty (, ; ) was an imperial dynasty of China (202 BC – 9 AD, 25–220 AD), established by Liu Bang (Emperor Gao) and ruled by the House of Liu. The dynasty was preceded by the short-lived Qin dynasty (221–207 BC) and a warr ...
and Three Kingdoms period who became
sworn brothers Blood brother can refer to two or more men not related by birth who have sworn loyalty to each other. This is in modern times usually done in a ceremony, known as a blood oath, where each person makes a small cut, usually on a finger, hand or ...
with Liu Bei and Guan Yu *
Xia Gengqi Xia Gengqi (夏更起) was born in Aug 1933 in Hebei Province, China and is a curator in Beijing Palace Museum. From 1950 to 1971, he engaged in administrative work in the Chinese Writers Association. In 1972, he was transferred to the Beijing P ...
(born 1933) – curator in the
Beijing Palace Museum The Palace Museum () is a huge national museum complex housed in the Forbidden City at the core of Beijing, China. With , the museum inherited the imperial royal palaces from the Ming and Qing dynasties of China and opened to the public in 1925 ...
* Qin Shi Huang (259 BC–210 BC) – founder of the Qin dynasty and the first emperor of a unified China * Guo Jingjing (born 1981) –
Olympic Olympic or Olympics may refer to Sports Competitions * Olympic Games, international multi-sport event held since 1896 ** Summer Olympic Games ** Winter Olympic Games * Ancient Olympic Games, ancient multi-sport event held in Olympia, Greece b ...
gold medalist diver and world champion * Jing Ke (?–227 BC) – retainer of Crown Prince Dan, assassin who attempted to murder Qin Shi Huang *
Zhao Lirong Zhao Lirong (March 11, 1928 – July 17, 2000) was a Chinese singer and film actress. Biography Before she became involved in the film industry, Zhao Lirong was a famous Pingju supporting actress on the stage. From the 1980s, Zhao started ...
(1928–2000) – Singer, film actress, and Ping opera performer * Deng Lun (born 1992) – actor who gained popularity from the
xianxia ''Xianxia'' ( zh, s=, t=仙俠), directly translated to 'immortal heroes', is a genre of Chinese fantasy heavily inspired by Taoism and influenced by Chinese mythology, Chan Buddhism, Chinese martial arts, traditional Chinese medicine, Chinese ...
drama, '' Ashes of Love'' *Liu Shichao or
Hebei Pangzai Liu Shichao ( zh, s=刘世超, p=Liú Shìchāo), popularly known as Hebei Pangzai ( zh, c=河北胖仔, p=Héběi Pàngzǎi; lit. 'Hebei fatty' or 'Hebei fat guy'), is a Chinese Internet personality. After gaining a following inside China, Liu bec ...
– Internet personality known for his food and drink stunts * Yan Yuan (1635–1704) – Confucian philosopher *
Zheng Yuanjie Zheng Yuanjie (; born 15 June 1955) is a Chinese children's books author, and founder and sole writer of a children's literature magazine known as the ''King of Fairy Tales'' (). The first issue was published in 1984. His characters (including ...
(born 1955) – Children's books author, and founder and writer of ''King of Fairy Tales'' *
Zanilia Zhao Zhao Liying (, born 16 October 1987), also known as Zanilia Zhao, is a Chinese actress and singer. She is best known for her roles in television series '' Legend of Lu Zhen'' (2013), '' Boss & Me'' (2014), ''The Journey of Flower'' (2015), ''The ...
(born 1987) – television actress * Zhao Yun or Zhao Zilong (?–229) – Military general who lived during the same period as Zhang Fei * Liu Zhesheng (柳哲生, 1914–1991) – ace-fighter pilot of Nationalist Air Force of China, a veteran of the War of Resistance-WWII


Sister subdivisions

Hebei is a sister district with the following country states, districts, and other subdivisions: * Athens (September 26, 2002) *
Buenos Aires Province Buenos Aires (), officially the Buenos Aires Province (''Provincia de Buenos Aires'' ), is the largest and most populous Argentine province. It takes its name from the city of Buenos Aires, the capital of the country, which used to be part of th ...
(May 19, 1992) * East Flanders (October 4, 1991) * Goiás (March 24, 1999) *
Hauts-de-Seine Hauts-de-Seine (; ) is a Departments of France, département in the Île-de-France Regions of France, region, Northern France. It covers Paris's western inner Banlieue, suburbs. It is bordered by Paris, Seine-Saint-Denis and Val-de-Marne to the e ...
(February 11, 1997) * Iowa (July 22, 1983) *
Leningrad Oblast Leningrad Oblast ( rus, Ленинградская область, Leningradskaya oblast’, lʲɪnʲɪnˈgratskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ, , ) is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast). It was established on 1 August 1927, a ...
(July 20, 1992) * Missouri (January 25, 1994) *
Nagano Prefecture is a landlocked prefecture of Japan located in the Chūbu region of Honshū. Nagano Prefecture has a population of 2,052,493 () and has a geographic area of . Nagano Prefecture borders Niigata Prefecture to the north, Gunma Prefecture to the ...
(November 11, 1983) * Pest County (May 27, 2015) * South Chungcheong Province (October 19, 1994) * Tottori Prefecture (June 9, 1986) * Veneto (May 17, 1988)


See also

*
Dongyi Protectorate The Dongyi Protectorate () from 618 to 907 AD, was a Tang dynasty protectorate in present-day Hebei Province and eastern Inner Mongolia. In 648, Emperor Taizong of Tang established the Jiaole Area Command and appointed the Xi chief Kotuche (可 ...
*
Hebei People Hebei or , (; Postal romanization, alternately Hopeh) is a North China, northern Provinces of China, province of China. Hebei is China's List of Chinese administrative divisions by population, sixth most populous province, with over 75 mi ...
*
List of prisons in Hebei This is a list of prisons within Hebei province of the People's Republic of China. Sources * {{cite web, url=http://www.laogai.it/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/laogai-handbook.pdf , title=Laogai Handbook 2007-2008 , date=October 2008 , isbn=978- ...
*
Major national historical and cultural sites in Hebei Major (commandant in certain jurisdictions) is a military rank of commissioned officer status, with corresponding ranks existing in many military forces throughout the world. When used unhyphenated and in conjunction with no other indicators ...


Notes


References


Citations


Sources


Economic profile for Hebei
at
HKTDC The Hong Kong Trade Development Council (HKTDC) is a statutory body established in 1966 as the international marketing dedicated to creating opportunities for Hong Kong's businesses. The organisation has 50 offices around the world, includin ...

Ponds, Paddies and Frontier Defence: Environmental and Economic Changes in Northern Hebei in Northern Song China (960–1127)


External link

{{Authority control Provinces of the People's Republic of China North China Plain