The Socialist Republic of Montenegro ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Socijalistička Republika Crna Gora, Социјалистичка Република Црна Гора), commonly referred to as Socialist Montenegro or simply Montenegro, was one of the six republics forming the
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, commonly referred to as SFR Yugoslavia or simply as Yugoslavia, was a country in Central and Southeast Europe. It emerged in 1945, following World War II, and lasted until 1992, with the breakup of Yu ...
and the
nation state
A nation state is a political unit where the state and nation are congruent. It is a more precise concept than "country", since a country does not need to have a predominant ethnic group.
A nation, in the sense of a common ethnicity, may i ...
of the
Montenegrins
Montenegrins ( cnr, Црногорци, Crnogorci, or ; lit. "Black Mountain People") are a South Slavic ethnic group that share a common Montenegrin culture, history, and language, identified with the country of Montenegro.
Genetics
Accordi ...
. It is a predecessor of the modern-day
Montenegro
)
, image_map = Europe-Montenegro.svg
, map_caption =
, image_map2 =
, capital = Podgorica
, coordinates =
, largest_city = capital
, official_languages = M ...
.
Prior to its formation, Montenegro was part of
Zeta banovina
The Zeta Banovina ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Zetska banovina, Зетска бановина), was a province ( banovina) of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia between 1929 and 1941. This province consisted of all of present-day Montenegro as well as ...
administrative unit of
Kingdom of Yugoslavia
The Kingdom of Yugoslavia ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Kraljevina Jugoslavija, Краљевина Југославија; sl, Kraljevina Jugoslavija) was a state in Southeast and Central Europe that existed from 1918 until 1941. From 1918 ...
.
History
On 7 July 1963, the ''People's Republic of Montenegro'' (Serbo-Croatian: ''Narodna Republika Crna Gora'' / Народна Република Црна Гора) was renamed the "Socialist Republic of Montenegro" (a change ratified both by the Federal Constitution and the newly created Montenegrin Constitution in 1963) with
Serbo-Croatian
Serbo-Croatian () – also called Serbo-Croat (), Serbo-Croat-Bosnian (SCB), Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian (BCS), and Bosnian-Croatian-Montenegrin-Serbian (BCMS) – is a South Slavic language and the primary language of Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia an ...
as the official language. In 1991, as the
League of Communists of Montenegro
, logo =
, colorcode =
, leader = President of the League of Communists of Montenegro
, foundation = 1943
, dissolution = 22 June 1991
, successor = Democratic Party of Socialists of Montene ...
changed its name to
Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro
The Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro ( cnr, Демократска партија социјалиста Црне Горе, Demokratska partija socijalista Crne Gore, DPS) is a populist political party in Montenegro. A former long-time ...
after the first multi-party elections, the adjective "Socialist" was deleted from the republic's title (ratified by the 1992 Constitution).
Demographics
1971 census:
*
Montenegrins
Montenegrins ( cnr, Црногорци, Crnogorci, or ; lit. "Black Mountain People") are a South Slavic ethnic group that share a common Montenegrin culture, history, and language, identified with the country of Montenegro.
Genetics
Accordi ...
: 355,632 (''67.15%'')
*
ethnic Muslims
Muslims ( Serbo-Croatian Latin and sl, Muslimani, Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic and mk, Муслимани) is a designation for a Serbo-Croatian speaking Muslims, inhabiting mostly the territory of the former Yugoslav republics. The term, adopted ...
: 70,236 (''13.26%'')
*
Serbs
The Serbs ( sr-Cyr, Срби, Srbi, ) are the most numerous South Slavic ethnic group native to the Balkans in Southeastern Europe, who share a common Serbian ancestry, culture, history and language.
The majority of Serbs live in their na ...
Yugoslavs
Yugoslavs or Yugoslavians ( Bosnian and Croatian: ''Jugoslaveni'', Serbian and Macedonian ''Jugosloveni''/Југословени; sl, Jugoslovani) is an identity that was originally designed to refer to a united South Slavic people. It has b ...
: 10,943 (''2.07%'')
*
Croats
The Croats (; hr, Hrvati ) are a South Slavic ethnic group who share a common Croatian ancestry, culture, history and language. They are also a recognized minority in a number of neighboring countries, namely Austria, the Czech Republic, ...
Montenegrins
Montenegrins ( cnr, Црногорци, Crnogorci, or ; lit. "Black Mountain People") are a South Slavic ethnic group that share a common Montenegrin culture, history, and language, identified with the country of Montenegro.
Genetics
Accordi ...
: 400,488 (''68.54%'')
*
ethnic Muslims
Muslims ( Serbo-Croatian Latin and sl, Muslimani, Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic and mk, Муслимани) is a designation for a Serbo-Croatian speaking Muslims, inhabiting mostly the territory of the former Yugoslav republics. The term, adopted ...
Yugoslavs
Yugoslavs or Yugoslavians ( Bosnian and Croatian: ''Jugoslaveni'', Serbian and Macedonian ''Jugosloveni''/Југословени; sl, Jugoslovani) is an identity that was originally designed to refer to a united South Slavic people. It has b ...
: 31,243 (''5.35%'')
*
Serbs
The Serbs ( sr-Cyr, Срби, Srbi, ) are the most numerous South Slavic ethnic group native to the Balkans in Southeastern Europe, who share a common Serbian ancestry, culture, history and language.
The majority of Serbs live in their na ...
: 19,407 (''3.32%'')
*
Croats
The Croats (; hr, Hrvati ) are a South Slavic ethnic group who share a common Croatian ancestry, culture, history and language. They are also a recognized minority in a number of neighboring countries, namely Austria, the Czech Republic, ...
Slovenes
The Slovenes, also known as Slovenians ( sl, Slovenci ), are a South Slavic ethnic group native to Slovenia, and adjacent regions in Italy, Austria and Hungary. Slovenes share a common ancestry, culture, history and speak Slovene as their na ...
: 564 (''0.1%'')
*
Hungarians
Hungarians, also known as Magyars ( ; hu, magyarok ), are a nation and ethnic group native to Hungary () and historical Hungarian lands who share a common culture, history, ancestry, and language. The Hungarian language belongs to the Urali ...
Russians
, native_name_lang = ru
, image =
, caption =
, population =
, popplace =
118 million Russians in the Russian Federation (2002 '' Winkler Prins'' estimate)
, region1 =
, pop1 ...
: 96 (''0.02%'')
*
Italians
, flag =
, flag_caption = The national flag of Italy
, population =
, regions = Italy 55,551,000
, region1 = Brazil
, pop1 = 25–33 million
, ref1 =
, region2 ...
Montenegrins
Montenegrins ( cnr, Црногорци, Crnogorci, or ; lit. "Black Mountain People") are a South Slavic ethnic group that share a common Montenegrin culture, history, and language, identified with the country of Montenegro.
Genetics
Accordi ...
: 380,467 (''61.86%'')
*
ethnic Muslims
Muslims ( Serbo-Croatian Latin and sl, Muslimani, Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic and mk, Муслимани) is a designation for a Serbo-Croatian speaking Muslims, inhabiting mostly the territory of the former Yugoslav republics. The term, adopted ...
: 89,614 (''14.57%'')
*
Serbs
The Serbs ( sr-Cyr, Срби, Srbi, ) are the most numerous South Slavic ethnic group native to the Balkans in Southeastern Europe, who share a common Serbian ancestry, culture, history and language.
The majority of Serbs live in their na ...
Yugoslavs
Yugoslavs or Yugoslavians ( Bosnian and Croatian: ''Jugoslaveni'', Serbian and Macedonian ''Jugosloveni''/Југословени; sl, Jugoslovani) is an identity that was originally designed to refer to a united South Slavic people. It has b ...
: 26,159 (''4.25%'')
*
Croats
The Croats (; hr, Hrvati ) are a South Slavic ethnic group who share a common Croatian ancestry, culture, history and language. They are also a recognized minority in a number of neighboring countries, namely Austria, the Czech Republic, ...
Slovenes
The Slovenes, also known as Slovenians ( sl, Slovenci ), are a South Slavic ethnic group native to Slovenia, and adjacent regions in Italy, Austria and Hungary. Slovenes share a common ancestry, culture, history and speak Slovene as their na ...
: 369 (''0.06%'')
*
Hungarians
Hungarians, also known as Magyars ( ; hu, magyarok ), are a nation and ethnic group native to Hungary () and historical Hungarian lands who share a common culture, history, ancestry, and language. The Hungarian language belongs to the Urali ...
Russians
, native_name_lang = ru
, image =
, caption =
, population =
, popplace =
118 million Russians in the Russian Federation (2002 '' Winkler Prins'' estimate)
, region1 =
, pop1 ...
: 118 (''0.02%'')
*
Italians
, flag =
, flag_caption = The national flag of Italy
, population =
, regions = Italy 55,551,000
, region1 = Brazil
, pop1 = 25–33 million
, ref1 =
, region2 ...
Filip Bajković
Filip Bajković (20 May 1910 – 15 February 1985) was the President of the Executive Council of Montenegro from 16 December 1951 to 12 July 1962. From 12 July 1962 to 5 May 1963, he was the President of the People's Assembly of Montenegro.
Bio ...
(12 July 1962 – 5 May 1963)
**Andrija Mugoša (5 May 1963 – 5 May 1967)
**
Veljko Milatović
Veljko Milatović ( Serbo-Croat Cyrillic: Вељко Милатовић; 5 December 1921 – 19 October 2004) was a Montenegrin Communist partisan, politician, statesman serving once as the Speaker and once as President.Vidoje Žarković (6 October 1969 – April 1974)
**
Budislav Šoškić
Budislav Šoškić (1925–1979) was a politician from Socialist Republic of Montenegro and member of League of Communists of Yugoslavia.
Biography
Šoškić was born in Novi Pazar and had studied at the University of Belgrade. He was the last ...
(April 1974 – 5 April 1974)
*Presidents of the Presidency
**
Veljko Milatović
Veljko Milatović ( Serbo-Croat Cyrillic: Вељко Милатовић; 5 December 1921 – 19 October 2004) was a Montenegrin Communist partisan, politician, statesman serving once as the Speaker and once as President.Veselin Đuranović
Veselin Đuranović (; 17 May 1925 – 30 August 1997) was a Yugoslav communist politician.
Biography
Đuranović was born near Danilovgrad, in what was then the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. He served as the chairman of the executive ...
(7 May 1982 – 7 May 1983)
** Marko Orlandić (7 May 1983 – 7 May 1984)
**
Miodrag Vlahović
Miodrag Vlahović ( cyrl, Миодраг Влаховић) (Born 1930) is a politician from Montenegro served as President of the Presidency of the Socialist Republic of Montenegro (within the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia) from May 198 ...
(7 May 1984 – 7 May 1985)
**
Branislav Šoškić
Branislav Šoškić ( cyrl, Бранислав Шошкић, 19 November 1922 – 4 April 2022) was a Montenegrin politician who served as the President of the Socialist Republic of Montenegro's Presidency from 1985 to 1986. He was a member of the ...
(6 May 1985 – 6 May 1986)
**
Radivoje Brajović
Radivoje Brajović ( cyrl, Радивоје Брајовић; born 11 January 1935 in Peć, Kingdom of Yugoslavia) was the President of Montenegro, President of the Presidency of the Socialist Republic of Montenegro from May 1986 to May 1988 and th ...
(6 May 1986 – 6 May 1988)
** Božina Ivanović (6 May 1988 – 13 January 1989)
**Slobodan Simović (acting) (13 January 1989 – 17 March 1989)
** Branko Kostić (17 March 1989 – 23 December 1990)
**
Momir Bulatović
Momir Bulatović ( sr-cyr, Момир Булатовић; 21 September 1956 – 30 June 2019) was a Yugoslav and Montenegrin politician. He was the first President of the Republic of Montenegro from 1990 to 1998, after which he served as the Prim ...
(23 December 1990 – 1992)
Prime Minister
*Minister for Montenegro (in the central Yugoslav government)
** Milovan Đilas (7 March 1945 – 17 April 1945)
*Prime Minister of Montenegro
** Blažo Jovanović (17 April 1945 – 4 February 1953)
*Presidents of the Executive Council
** Blažo Jovanović (4 February 1953 – 16 December 1953)
**
Filip Bajković
Filip Bajković (20 May 1910 – 15 February 1985) was the President of the Executive Council of Montenegro from 16 December 1951 to 12 July 1962. From 12 July 1962 to 5 May 1963, he was the President of the People's Assembly of Montenegro.
Bio ...
(16 December 1953 – 12 July 1962)
** Đorđije Pajković (16 December 1962 – 25 June 1963)
**
Veselin Đuranović
Veselin Đuranović (; 17 May 1925 – 30 August 1997) was a Yugoslav communist politician.
Biography
Đuranović was born near Danilovgrad, in what was then the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. He served as the chairman of the executive ...
(25 June 1963 – 8 December 1966)
**Mijuško Šibalić (8 December 1966 – 5 May 1967)
** Vidoje Žarković (5 May 1967 – 7 October 1969)
** Žarko Bulajić (7 October 1969 – 6 May 1974)
** Marko Orlandić (6 May 1974 – 28 April 1978)
**
Momčilo Cemović
Momčilo Cemović ( cyrl, Момчило Цемовић; 21 May 1928, in Berane, Zeta Banovina, Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes – 27 December 2001, in Podgorica, FR Yugoslavia) was Montenegrin politician.
Political career
He served as th ...
(28 April 1978 – 7 May 1982)
**
Radivoje Brajović
Radivoje Brajović ( cyrl, Радивоје Брајовић; born 11 January 1935 in Peć, Kingdom of Yugoslavia) was the President of Montenegro, President of the Presidency of the Socialist Republic of Montenegro from May 1986 to May 1988 and th ...
(7 May 1982 – 6 June 1986)
** Vuko Vukadinović (6 June 1986 – 29 March 1989)
**
Radoje Kontić
Radoje Kontić (Serbian Cyrillic: Радоје Контић; born 31 May 1937) is a Montenegrin former politician and technologist who served as the Prime Minister of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1993 to 1998.
Biography
He was the la ...