1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers
> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river
estuaries.
2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes
(e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.
Nice
Nice (/niːs/, French pronunciation: [nis];
Niçard Occitan:
Niça, classical norm, or Nissa, nonstandard,
pronounced [ˈnisa]; Italian: Nizza [ˈnittsa]; Greek:
Νίκαια; Latin: Nicaea) is the fifth most populous city in France
and the capital of the
Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes département. The urban area of
Nice
Nice extends beyond the administrative city limits, with a population
of about 1 million[1][2] on an area of 721 km2
(278 sq mi).[1] Located in the French Riviera, on the south
east coast of
France
France on the Mediterranean Sea, at the foot of the
Alps,
Nice
Nice is the second-largest French city on the Mediterranean
coast and the second-largest city in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
region after Marseille.
Nice
Nice is about 13 kilometres (8 miles) from the
principality of Monaco, and its airport is a gateway to the
principality as well.
The city is nicknamed
Nice
Nice la Belle (
Nissa La Bella in Niçard), which
means
Nice
Nice the Beautiful, which is also the title of the unofficial
anthem of Nice, written by
Menica Rondelly in 1912.
The area of today's
Nice
Nice contains Terra Amata, an archaeological site
which displays evidence of a very early use of fire. Around 350 BC,
Greeks
Greeks of
Marseille
Marseille founded a permanent settlement and called it
Nikaia, after Nike, the goddess of victory.[3] Through the ages, the
town has changed hands many times. Its strategic location and port
significantly contributed to its maritime strength. For centuries it
was a dominion of Savoy, and was then part of
France
France between 1792 and
1815, when it was returned to
Piedmont-Sardinia
.svg/250px-Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1848).svg.png)
Piedmont-Sardinia until its
re-annexation by
France
France in 1860.
The natural beauty of the
Nice
Nice area and its mild Mediterranean climate
came to the attention of the English upper classes in the second half
of the 18th century, when an increasing number of aristocratic
families took to spending their winters there. The city's main seaside
promenade, the
Promenade des Anglais
Promenade des Anglais ("Walkway of the English') owes
its name to visitors to the resort.[4] The clear air and soft light
have particularly appealed to notable painters, such as Marc Chagall,
Henri Matisse,
Niki de Saint Phalle
Niki de Saint Phalle and Arman. Their work is
commemorated in many of the city's museums, including Musée Marc
Chagall, Musée
Matisse
Matisse and Musée des Beaux-Arts.[5]
Nice
Nice has the
second largest hotel capacity in the country[6] and it is one of its
most visited cities, receiving 4 million tourists every year.[7]
It also has the third busiest airport in France, after the two main
Parisian ones.[8] It is the historical capital city of the County of
Nice
Nice (Comté de Nice).
Contents
1 History
1.1 Foundation
1.2 Early development
1.3 Defences
1.4
Nice
Nice and Savoy
1.5 French Nice
2 Administration
2.1 Coat of arms
3 Geography
3.1 Flora
3.2 Climate
4 Economy and tourism
5 Transport
6 Sights
6.1 Squares
6.1.1 Place Masséna
6.1.2 Place Garibaldi
6.1.3 Place Rossetti
6.1.4 Cours Saleya
6.1.5 Place du Palais
6.2 Religious
6.3 Sports and entertainment
7 Sport
8 Population
9 Observatory
10 Culture
11 Cuisine
12 Education
13 International relations
13.1 Twin towns – Sister cities
14 Notable people
15 See also
16 References
17 Further reading
18 External links
History[edit]
See also: Timeline of Nice
Foundation[edit]
Main article:
Greeks
Greeks in pre-Roman Gaul
Nice
Nice in the time of the Roman Empire.
The first known hominid settlements in the
Nice
Nice area date back about
400,000 years;[9] the Terra Amata archeological site shows one of the
earliest uses of fire, construction of houses, and flint findings
dated to around 230,000 years ago.[10]
Nice
Nice (Nicaea) was probably
founded around 350 BC by the
Greeks
Greeks of Massalia (Marseille), and was
given the name of Nikaia (Νίκαια) in honour of a victory over
the neighbouring Ligurians; Nike (Νίκη) was the Greek goddess of
victory. The city soon became one of the busiest trading ports on the
Ligurian coast; but it had an important rival in the Roman town of
Cemenelum[citation needed], which continued to exist as a separate
city until the time of the Lombard invasions. The ruins of Cemenelum
are in Cimiez, now a district of Nice.
Early development[edit]
See also: Roman Catholic Diocese of Nice
The Tower of St François
In the 7th century,
Nice
Nice joined the Genoese League formed by the towns
of Liguria. In 729 the city repulsed the Saracens; but in 859 and
again in 880 the
Saracens
Saracens pillaged and burned it, and for most of the
10th century remained masters of the surrounding country.
During the Middle Ages,
Nice
Nice participated in the wars and history of
Italy. As an ally of
Pisa
Pisa it was the enemy of Genoa, and both the King
of
France
France and the Holy Roman Emperor endeavoured to subjugate it; but
in spite of this it maintained its municipal liberties. During the
13th and 14th centuries the city fell more than once into the hands of
the Counts of Provence, but it regained its independence even though
related to Genoa.
Duchy of Savoy
Duchy of Savoy (red) and other independent Italian states in 1494.
Defences[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this
section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material
may be challenged and removed. (November 2017) (Learn how and when to
remove this template message)
The medieval city walls surrounded the Old Town. The landward side was
protected by the River Paillon, which was later covered over and is
now the tram route towards the Acropolis.
The east side of the town was protected by fortifications on Castle
Hill. Another river flowed into the port on the east side of Castle
Hill. Engravings suggest that the port area was also defended by
walls.
Under
Monoprix
Monoprix in Place de Garibaldi are excavated remains of a
well-defended city gate on the main road from Turin.
Nice
Nice and Savoy[edit]
See also: Duchy of Savoy
Nice
Nice in 1624
Kingdom of
Piedmont-Sardinia
Piedmont-Sardinia (blue) and other independent Italian
states in 1843.
In 1388 the commune placed itself under the protection of the Counts
of Savoy.
Nice
Nice participated – directly or indirectly – in the
history of
Savoy
Savoy until 1860.[citation needed]
The maritime strength of
Nice
Nice now rapidly increased until it was able
to cope with the Barbary pirates; the fortifications were largely
extended and the roads to the city improved. In 1561 Emmanuel
Philibert, Duke of
Savoy
Savoy abolished the use of
Latin
Latin as an
administrative language and established the
Italian language
Italian language as the
official language of government affairs in Nice.
During the struggle between Francis I and Charles V great damage was
caused by the passage of the armies invading Provence; pestilence and
famine raged in the city for several years. In 1538, in the nearby
town of Villeneuve-Loubet, through the mediation of Pope Paul III, the
two monarchs concluded a ten years' truce.[11]
In 1543,
Nice
Nice was attacked by the united Franco-Ottoman forces of
Francis I and Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha, in the Siege of Nice; though
the inhabitants repulsed the assault which followed the terrible
bombardment, they were ultimately compelled to surrender, and
Barbarossa was allowed to pillage the city and to carry off 2,500
captives. Pestilence appeared again in 1550 and 1580.[citation needed]
In 1600,
Nice
Nice was briefly taken by the Duke of Guise. By opening the
ports of the county to all nations, and proclaiming full freedom of
trade (1626), the commerce of the city was given great stimulus, the
noble families taking part in its mercantile enterprises.[citation
needed]
Captured by
Nicolas Catinat
Nicolas Catinat in 1691,
Nice
Nice was restored to
Savoy
Savoy in
1696; but it was again besieged by the French in 1705, and in the
following year its citadel and ramparts were demolished.[citation
needed]
The
Treaty of Utrecht (1713)
.jpg/400px-The_Treaty_of_Utrecht_(clean).jpg)
Treaty of Utrecht (1713) once more gave the city back to the Duke
of Savoy, who was on that same occasion recognised as King of Sicily.
In the peaceful years which followed, the "new town" was built. From
1744 until the
Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748)
Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748) the French and
Spaniards were again in possession. In 1775 the king, who in 1718 had
swapped his sovereignty of Sicily for the Kingdom of Sardinia,
destroyed all that remained of the ancient liberties of the commune.
Conquered in 1792 by the armies of the First French Republic, the
County of Nice
County of Nice continued to be part of
France
France until 1814; but after
that date it reverted to the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia.
French Nice[edit]
After the Treaty of
Turin
Turin was signed in 1860 between the Sardinian
king and Napoleon III, the County was again and definitively ceded to
France
France as a territorial reward for French assistance in the Second
Italian War of Independence against Austria, which saw
Lombardy
Lombardy united
with Piedmont-Sardinia. The cession was ratified by a regional
referendum: over 25,000 electors out of a total of 30,700 were in
favour of the attachment to France.
Savoy
Savoy was also transferred to the
French crown by similar means. Giuseppe Garibaldi, born in Nice,
opposed the cession to France, arguing that the ballot was rigged by
the French. Many Italians from Nizza then moved to the Ligurian towns
of Ventimiglia,
Bordighera
Bordighera and Ospedaletti,[12] giving rise to a local
branch of the movement of the Italian irredentists which considered
the re-acquisition of
Nice
Nice to be one of their nationalist goals.
In 1900, the Tramway de
Nice
Nice electrified its horse-drawn streetcars
and spread its network to the entire département from
Menton
Menton to
Cagnes-sur-Mer. By the 1930s more bus connections were added in the
area.[citation needed]
In the 1930s,
Nice
Nice hosted international car racing in the Formula
Libre (predecessor to Formula One) on the so-called Circuit Nice. The
circuit started along the waterfront just south of the Jardin Albert
I, then headed westward along the
Promenade des Anglais
Promenade des Anglais followed by a
hairpin turn at the
Hotel Negresco
Hotel Negresco to come back eastward and around
the Jardin Albert I before heading again east along the beach on the
Quai des Etats-Unis.[citation needed]
As war broke out in September 1939,
Nice
Nice became a city of refuge for
many displaced foreigners, notably Jews fleeing the Nazi progression
into Eastern Europe. From
Nice
Nice many sought further shelter in the
French colonies, Morocco and North and South America. After July 1940
and the establishment of the Vichy Regime, antisemitic aggressions
accelerated the exodus, starting in July 1941 and continuing through
1942. On 26 August 1942, 655 Jews of foreign origin were rounded up by
the Laval government and interned in the
Auvare
Auvare barracks. Of these,
560 were deported to
Drancy internment camp
Drancy internment camp on 31 August 1942. Due to
the activity of the Jewish banker
Angelo Donati
Angelo Donati and of the Capuchin
friar
Père Marie-Benoît the local authorities hindered the
application of anti-Jewish Vichy laws.[13]
The first résistants to the new regime were a group of High School
seniors of the Lycée de Nice, now Lycée Masséna, in September 1940,
later arrested and executed in 1944 near Castellane. The first public
demonstrations occurred on 14 July 1942 when several hundred
protesters took to the streets along the Avenue de la Victoire and in
the Place Masséna. In November 1942 German troops moved into most of
unoccupied France, but Italian troops moved into a smaller zone
including Nice. A certain ambivalence remained among the population,
many of whom were recent immigrants of Italian ancestry. However, the
resistance gained momentum after the Italian surrender in 1943 when
the German army occupied the former Italian zone. Reprisals
intensified between December 1943 and July 1944, when many partisans
were tortured and executed by the local
Gestapo
Gestapo and the French Milice.
Nice
Nice was also heavily bombarded by American aircraft in preparation
for the Allied landing in
Provence
Provence (1000 dead or wounded and more than
5600 people homeless) and famine ensued during summer 1944. American
paratroopers entered the city on 30 August 1944 and
Nice
Nice was finally
liberated. The consequences of the war were heavy: the population
decreased by 15%[citation needed] and economic life was totally
disrupted.
The waterfall on the Colline du Château (Castle Hill)
In the second half of the 20th century,
Nice
Nice enjoyed an economic boom
primarily driven by tourism and construction. Two men dominated this
period: Jean Médecin, mayor for 33 years from 1928 to 1943 and from
1947 to 1965, and his son Jacques, mayor for 24 years from 1966 to
1990. Under their leadership, there was extensive urban renewal,
including many new constructions. These included the convention
centre, theatres, new thoroughfares and expressways. The arrival of
the Pieds-Noirs, refugees from Algeria after 1962 independence, also
gave the city a boost and somewhat changed the make-up of its
population and traditional views.[citation needed] By the late 1980s,
rumors of political corruption in the city government surfaced; and
eventually formal accusations against
Jacques Médecin forced him to
flee
France
France in 1990. Later arrested in
Uruguay
Uruguay in 1993, he was
extradited back to
France
France in 1994, convicted of several counts of
corruption and associated crimes and sentenced to imprisonment.
On 16 October 1979, a landslide and an undersea slide caused two
tsunamis that hit the western coast of Nice; these events killed
between 8 and 23 people.
In February 2001, European leaders met in
Nice
Nice to negotiate and sign
what is now the Treaty of Nice, amending the institutions of the
European Union.[citation needed]
In 2003, local Chief
Prosecutor
Prosecutor
Éric de Montgolfier alleged that some
judicial cases involving local personalities had been suspiciously
derailed by the local judiciary, which he suspected of having
unhealthy contacts through Masonic lodges with the defendants. A
controversial official report stated later that Montgolfier had made
unwarranted accusations.[citation needed]
On 14 July 2016, a truck was deliberately driven into a crowd of
people by
Mohamed Lahouaiej-Bouhlel
Mohamed Lahouaiej-Bouhlel on the Promenade des Anglais. The
crowd was watching a fireworks display in celebration of Bastille
Day.[14] Eighty-seven people were killed, including the perpetrator,
who was shot dead by police.[15][16] Another 202 were injured, with 52
in critical care and 25 in intensive care, according to the Paris
prosecutor.[17]
Administration[edit]
The Palais de Justice
Located in the
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region,
Nice
Nice is a commune
and the prefecture (administrative capital) of the Alpes-Maritimes
département. However, it is also the largest city in
France
France that is
not a regional capital; the much larger
Marseille
Marseille is its regional
capital.
Christian Estrosi
Christian Estrosi was elected as mayor in 2008. He was
reelected for a second term in April 2014 ( that will end in 2020). He
is a member of the Republicans (formerly the Union for a Popular
Movement), the party supporting former President Nicolas Sarkozy. He
resigned in June 2016. Philippe Pradal replaced him as mayor on 13
June 2016.[18] On 16 May 2017, he became mayor again after resigning
from his seat as president of the regional council.[19]
The city is divided over 9 cantons: Nice-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9.
Coat of arms[edit]
Arms of the County of Nice
The coat of arms of
Nice
Nice appeared for the first time in a copy of the
Regulations of Amadeus VIII, probably written around 1430.[20] The
Nice
Nice is symbolised by a red eagle on silver background, placed on
three mountains, which can be described in French heraldic language as
"d'argent à une aigle de gueule posée sur trois coupeaux".[20]
("Upon silver a red eagle is displayed, posed upon three mounds.") The
arms have only undergone minor changes: the eagle has become more and
more stylised, it now "wears" a coronet for the County of Nice, and
the three mountains are now surrounded by a stylised sea.[20]
The presence of the eagle, an imperial emblem, shows that these arms
are related to the power of the House of Savoy. The eagle standing
over the three hills is a depiction of Savoy, referring to its
domination over the country around Nice.[20] The combination of silver
and red (argent and gules) is a reference to the colours of the flag
of Savoy.[20] The three mountains symbolise a territorial honour,
without concern for geographic realism.[20]
Geography[edit]
Nice
Nice consists of two large bays.
Villefranche-sur-Mer
Villefranche-sur-Mer sits on an
enclosed bay, while the main expanse of the city lies between the old
port city and the Aeroport de Côte d'Azur, across a gently curving
bay. The city rises from the flat beach into gentle rising hills, then
is bounded by surrounding mountains that represent the Southern and
nearly the Western extent of the Ligurian
Alps
Alps range.
Flora[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this
section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material
may be challenged and removed. (November 2017) (Learn how and when to
remove this template message)
The natural vegetation of
Nice
Nice is typical for a Mediterranean
landscape, with a heavy representation of broadleaf evergreen shrubs.
Trees tend to be scattered but form dense forests in some areas. Large
native tree species include evergreens such as holm oak, stone pine
and arbutus. Many introduced species grow in parks and gardens. Palms,
eucalyptus and citrus fruits are among the trees which give
Nice
Nice a
subtropical appearance. But there are also species familiar to
temperate areas around the world; examples include horse chestnut,
linden and even Norway spruce.
Climate[edit]
Nice
Nice has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csa), enjoying
mild winters with moderate rainfall. It is one of the warmest
Mediterranean climates for its latitude. Summers are warm to hot, dry,
and sunny. Rainfall is rare in this season, and a typical July month
only records one or two days with measurable rainfall. The temperature
is typically above 20 °C (68 °F) and frequently reaches
30 °C (86 °F). The climate data is recorded from the
airport, located just metres from the sea. Summer temperatures,
therefore, are often higher in the city. The average maximum
temperature in the warmest months of July and August is about
27 °C (81 °F). The highest recorded temperature was
37.7 °C (99.9 °F) on 1 August 2006. Autumn generally
starts sunny in September and becomes more cloudy and rainy towards
October, while temperatures usually remain above 20 °C
(68 °F) until November where days start to cool down to around
17 °C (63 °F). Winters are characterised by mild days (11
to 17 °C (52 to 63 °F)), cool nights (4 to 9 °C (39
to 48 °F)), and variable weather. Days can be either sunny and
dry or damp and rainy. Frost is unusual and snowfalls are so extremely
rare that they are remembered by inhabitants as special events. The
average minimum temperature in January is around 5 °C
(41 °F). Spring starts mild and rainy in late March, and is
increasingly warm and sunny towards June.
Climate data for
Nice
Nice (1981–2010 averages, extremes 1942–present)
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °C (°F)
22.5
(72.5)
25.8
(78.4)
26.1
(79)
26.0
(78.8)
30.3
(86.5)
36.8
(98.2)
37.0
(98.6)
37.7
(99.9)
33.9
(93)
29.9
(85.8)
25.4
(77.7)
22.0
(71.6)
37.7
(99.9)
Average high °C (°F)
13.1
(55.6)
13.4
(56.1)
15.2
(59.4)
17.0
(62.6)
20.7
(69.3)
24.3
(75.7)
27.3
(81.1)
27.7
(81.9)
24.6
(76.3)
21.0
(69.8)
16.6
(61.9)
13.8
(56.8)
19.6
(67.3)
Daily mean °C (°F)
9.2
(48.6)
9.6
(49.3)
11.6
(52.9)
13.6
(56.5)
17.4
(63.3)
20.9
(69.6)
23.8
(74.8)
24.1
(75.4)
21.0
(69.8)
17.4
(63.3)
12.9
(55.2)
10.0
(50)
16.0
(60.8)
Average low °C (°F)
5.3
(41.5)
5.9
(42.6)
7.9
(46.2)
10.2
(50.4)
14.1
(57.4)
17.5
(63.5)
20.3
(68.5)
20.5
(68.9)
17.3
(63.1)
13.7
(56.7)
9.2
(48.6)
6.3
(43.3)
12.4
(54.3)
Record low °C (°F)
−7.2
(19)
−5.8
(21.6)
−5.0
(23)
2.9
(37.2)
3.7
(38.7)
8.1
(46.6)
11.7
(53.1)
11.4
(52.5)
7.6
(45.7)
4.2
(39.6)
0.1
(32.2)
−2.7
(27.1)
−7.2
(19)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
69.0
(2.717)
44.7
(1.76)
38.7
(1.524)
69.3
(2.728)
44.6
(1.756)
34.3
(1.35)
12.1
(0.476)
17.8
(0.701)
73.1
(2.878)
132.8
(5.228)
103.9
(4.091)
92.7
(3.65)
733.0
(28.858)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)
5.8
4.7
4.6
7.1
5.2
3.8
1.8
2.4
4.9
7.2
7.2
6.4
61.2
Average snowy days
0.4
0.6
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
1.2
Average relative humidity (%)
67
68
69
72
75
75
73
72
74
73
71
67
71.3
Mean monthly sunshine hours
157.7
171.2
217.5
224.0
267.1
306.1
347.5
315.8
242.0
187.0
149.3
139.3
2,724.2
Source #1: Météo-France[21]
Source #2: Infoclimat.fr (humidity 1961–1990)[22]
Climate data for Nice
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Average sea temperature °C (°F)
13.4
(56.1)
13.0
(55.4)
13.4
(56.1)
14.6
(58.3)
18.0
(64.4)
21.8
(71.2)
23.1
(73.6)
23.6
(74.5)
22.2
(72.0)
19.6
(67.3)
17.4
(63.3)
14.9
(58.8)
17.9
(64.3)
Mean daily daylight hours
9.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
14.0
12.0
11.0
10.0
9.0
12.2
Average Ultraviolet index
1
2
4
5
7
8
8
7
5
3
2
1
4.4
Source: Weather Atlas [23]
Nice
Nice seen from Spot Satellite
Economy and tourism[edit]
View of the old town
Nice
Nice is the seat of the Chambre de commerce et d'industrie
Nice
Nice Côte
d'Azur. It manages the
Nice - Côte d'Azur Airport
Nice - Côte d'Azur Airport and the
Cannes
Cannes -
Mandelieu Airport, as well as the Port of Nice. Investors from France
and abroad can benefit from the assistance of the Côte d'Azur
Economic Development Agency Team Côte d'Azur.
Nice
Nice has one conference centre: the Palais des Congrès Acropolis. The
city also has several business parks, including l'Arenas,
Nice
Nice the
Plain,
Nice
Nice Méridia, Saint Isidore, and the Northern Forum.
In addition, the city features several shopping centres such as
Nicetoile,
Nice
Nice TNL,
Nice
Nice Lingostière, Northern Forum, St-Isidore,
the Trinity (around the
Auchan
Auchan hypermarket) and Cap3000 in
Saint-Laurent-du-Var.
Sophia Antipolis
Sophia Antipolis is a technology park northwest of Antibes. Much of
the park is within the commune of Valbonne. Established between 1970
and 1984, it primarily houses companies in the fields of computing,
electronics, pharmacology and biotechnology. Several institutions of
higher learning are also located here, along with the European
headquarters of W3C.
The
Nice
Nice metropolitan area had a GDP amounting to $47.7 billion, and
$34,480 per capita,[24] slightly lower than the French average.
Transport[edit]
Port
The port of Nice
The port of
Nice
Nice is also known as Lympia port. This name comes from
the Lympia spring which fed a small lake in a marshy zone where work
on the port was started in 1745. Today this is the principal harbour
installation of
Nice
Nice – there is also a small port in the Carras
district. The port is the first port cement manufacturer in France,
linked to the treatment plants of the rollers of the valley of
Paillon. Fishing activities remain but the number of professional
fishermen is now less than 10. Nice, being the point of continental
France
France nearest to Corsica, has ferry connections with the island
developed with the arrival of NGV (navires à grande vitesse) or
high-speed craft. Two companies provide the connections: Corsica
Ferries - Sardinia Ferries and Moby Lines. Located in front of the
port, the Place Cassini has been renamed Place of Corsica.
Airport
Nice Côte d'Azur Airport
Nice Côte d'Azur Airport is the third busiest airport in
France
France after
Charles de Gaulle Airport
Charles de Gaulle Airport and Orly Airport, both in Paris. It is on
the Promenade des Anglais, near l'Arénas and has two terminals. Due
to its proximity to the Principality of Monaco, it also serves as that
city–state's airport. A helicopter service provided by Heli Air
Monaco
Monaco and
Monacair links the city and airport; it averages 39 flights
a day. It is run by the ACA (Aéroports Côte d'Azur), which includes
Cannes - Mandelieu Airport
.jpg/500px-Cannes_–_Mandelieu_Airport_-_2015_-_(17114030427).jpg)
Cannes - Mandelieu Airport and La Môle – Saint-Tropez Airport.
Rail
The main railway station is Nice-Ville, served both by high speed TGV
trains connecting
Paris
Paris and
Nice
Nice in less than 6 hours and by local
commuter TER services.
Marseille
Marseille is reached in 2.5 hours.
Nice
Nice also
has international connections to Italy, Switzerland, Belgium, and
Russia.[25]
Nice
Nice is also served by several suburban stations including
Nice
Nice St-Augustin,
Nice
Nice St-Roch and
Nice
Nice Riquier.
Nice
Nice is also the southern terminus of the independently run Chemins de
Fer de
Provence
Provence railway line which connects the city with
Digne
Digne in
approximatively 4 hours. A metro-like suburban service is also
provided on the southern part of the line.
Tram
Tramway de
Nice
Nice began operating horse-drawn trams in 1879. Electrified
in 1900, the combined length of the network reached 144 km
(89.48 mi) by 1930. The replacement of trams with trolleybuses
began in 1948 and was completed in 1953. In 2007, the new Tramway de
Nice
Nice linked the northern and eastern suburbs via the city centre. Two
other lines are currently in the planning stage. The second line will
run east-west from Place Masséna to the
Nice
Nice Côte d'Azur
Airport,[26] extending to
Cagnes-sur-Mer
.jpg/540px-Haut-de-Cagnes_(vue_depuis_le_chateau).jpg)
Cagnes-sur-Mer and Le Port, while the third
line will provide a connection to the future
TGV
TGV
Nice
Nice Saint-Augustin
Lingostière rail station.[27]
Road
The
A8 autoroute
A8 autoroute and the
Route nationale 7
Route nationale 7 pass through the Nice
agglomeration, linking
Marseille
Marseille with Italy.
Sights[edit]
Panorama of the town (including many main sights, like Hotel Negresco)
and the beach
Panorama of
Nice
Nice from Colline du Château
Hotel Negresco
Seafront of the city
The
Promenade des Anglais
Promenade des Anglais ("Promenade of the English") is a promenade
along the Baie des Anges ("Bay of the Angels"), which is a bay of the
Mediterranean, in Nice. Before
Nice
Nice was urbanised, the coastline at
Nice
Nice was just bordered by a deserted stretch of shingle beach (covered
with large pebbles). The first houses were located on higher ground
well away from the sea, as wealthy tourists visiting
Nice
Nice in the 18th
century did not come for the beach, but for the gentle winter
weather.[citation needed] The areas close to the water were home to
Nice's dockworkers and fishermen.
In the second half of the 18th century, many wealthy English people
took to spending the winter in Nice, enjoying the panorama along the
coast. When a particularly harsh winter up north brought an influx of
beggars to Nice, some of the rich Englishmen proposed a useful project
for them: the construction of a walkway (chemin de promenade) along
the sea.[citation needed]
The city of Nice, intrigued by the prospect of a pleasant promenade,
greatly increased the scope of the work. The Promenade was first
called the Camin dei Anglès (the English Way) by the Niçois in their
native dialect, Nissart. After the annexation of
Nice
Nice by
France
France in
1860 it was rechristened La Promenade des Anglais, replacing the
former Nissart name with its French translation.[citation needed]
The
Hotel Negresco
Hotel Negresco on the
Promenade des Anglais
Promenade des Anglais was named after Henri
Negresco (1868–1920) who had the palatial hotel constructed in 1912.
In keeping with the conventions of the time, when the Negresco first
opened in 1913 its front opened on the side opposite the
Mediterranean.[citation needed]
Another place worth mentioning is the small street parallel to the
Promenade des Anglais, leading from Nice's downtown, beginning at
Place Masséna and running parallel to the promenade in the direction
of the airport for a short distance of about 4 blocks. This section of
the city is referred to as the "Zone Pietonne", or "Pedestrian Zone".
Cars are not allowed (with exception to delivery trucks), making this
avenue a popular walkway.
Old
Nice
Nice is also home to the Opéra de Nice. It was constructed at the
end of the 19th century under the design of François Aune, to replace
King Charles Félix's Maccarani Theater. Today, it is open to the
public and provides a regular program of performances.
Other sights include:
Château
Monument aux morts
The port
Cours Saleya
Jardin botanique de la Ville de Nice (botanical garden)
Musee Massena
Marché aux fleurs
Old Nice
Grand Hôtel Impérial
Fort of Mont Alban
Squares[edit]
Place Masséna[edit]
View of the Place Masséna
Place Masséna by night, 2012
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this
section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material
may be challenged and removed. (July 2016) (Learn how and when to
remove this template message)
The Place Masséna is the main square of the city. Before the Paillon
River was covered over, the Pont-Neuf was the only practicable way
between the old town and the modern one. The square was thus divided
into two parts (North and South) in 1824. With the demolition of the
Masséna Casino in 1979, the Place Masséna became more spacious and
less dense and is now bordered by red ochre buildings of Italian
architecture.
The recent rebuilding of the tramline gave the square back to the
pedestrians, restoring its status as a real Mediterranean square. It
is lined with palm trees and stone pines, instead of being the
rectangular roundabout of sorts it had become over the years. Since
its construction, the Place Masséna has always been the spot for
great public events. It is used for concerts, and particularly during
the summer festivals, the Corso carnavalesque (carnival parade) in
February, the military procession of 14 July (Bastille Day) or other
traditional celebrations and banquets.
The Place Masséna is a two-minute walk from the Promenade des
Anglais, old town, town centre, and Albert I Garden (Jardin Albert
Ier). It is also a large crossroads between several of the main
streets of the city: avenue Jean Médecin, avenue Félix Faure,
boulevard Jean Jaurès, avenue de Verdun and rue Gioffredo.
Place Garibaldi[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this
section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material
may be challenged and removed. (January 2018) (Learn how and when to
remove this template message)
Garibaldi's monument, Place Garibaldi
The Place Garibaldi also stands out for its architecture and history.
It is named after Giuseppe Garibaldi, hero of the Italian unification
(born in
Nice
Nice in 1807 when
Nice
Nice was part of the Napoleonic Empire,
before reverting to the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia). The square was
built at the end of the 18th century and served as the entry gate to
the city and end of the road to Turin. It took several names between
1780 and 1870 (Plaça Pairoulièra, Place de la République, Place
Napoléon, Place d'Armes, Place Saint-Augustin, Piazza Vittorio) and
finally Place Garibaldi in September 1870.
A statue of Garibaldi, who was fiercely in favour of the union of Nice
with Italy, stands in the centre of the square. The recent rebuilding
of the area to accommodate the new tramway line gave mostly the entire
square to pedestrians. The architecture is in line with the Turin
model, which was the norm of urban renewal throughout the entire realm
of the House of Savoy.
Place Garibaldi, pedestrian since the introduction of the Nice
tramway.
It is a crossroads between the Vieux
Nice
Nice (old town) and the town
centre. Place Garibaldi is close to the eastern districts of Nice,
Port Lympia (Lympia Harbour), and the TNL commercial centre. This
square is also a junction of several important streets: the boulevard
Jean-Jaurès, the avenue de la République, the rue Cassini and the
rue Catherine-Ségurane.
Place Rossetti[edit]
The Cathedral
Entirely enclosed and pedestrianised, this square is located in the
heart of the old town. With typical buildings in red and yellow ochres
surrounding the square, the cathédrale Sainte-Réparate and the
fountain in the centre, place Rossetti is a must-see spot in the old
town. By day, the place is invaded by the terraces of traditional
restaurants and the finest ice-cream makers. By night, the environment
changes radically, with tourists and youths flocking to the square,
where music reverberates on the walls of the small square. The
square's lighting at night gives it a magical aspect.
Place Rossetti is in the centre of the old town, streets Jesus,
Rossetti, Mascoïnat and the Pont-vieux (old bridge)
Cours Saleya[edit]
Saleya Course (2007)
The Cours Saleya is situated parallel to the Quai des États-Unis. In
the past, it belonged to the upper classes. It is probably the most
traditional square of the town, with its daily flower market. The
Cours Saleya also opens on the Palais des Rois Sardes (Palace of the
Kings of Sardinia). In the present, the court is mostly a place of
entertainment.
Place du Palais[edit]
Place du Palais view of the Rusca palace
As its name indicates, the Place du Palais is where the Palais de la
Justice (Law courts) of
Nice
Nice is located. On this square, there also is
the Palais Rusca, which also belongs to the justice department (home
of the tribunal de grande instance).
The square is also notable due to the presence of the city clock.
Today, the Place du Palais is alive day and night. Often, groups of
youths will hangout on the steps leading to the Palais de la Justice.
Concerts, films, and other major public events frequently occur in
this space.
It is situated halfway between the Cours Saleya and Place Masséna.
Religious[edit]
The church of St. Martin in Nice
Sainte-Réparate Cathedral, 17th century
Russian Orthodox Cathedral
Notre-Dame de Nice
Sainte Jeanne d'Arc Church, 20th century
Sports and entertainment[edit]
Stade du Ray
Allianz Riviera
Stade Charles-Ehrmann
Palais Nikaia
Nice
Nice Jazz Festival
Sport[edit]
The city's major football club is OGC Nice. They play in
Ligue 1
Ligue 1 (the
top division in France).
The
Olympic Nice swimming club (French:
Olympic Nice Natation) is also
notable;
Camille Muffat
Camille Muffat and
Yannick Agnel
Yannick Agnel used to train there for
example.[28]
Nice
Nice hosts the finish of the annual cycling race Paris–Nice.
The
Nice
Nice hockey Côte d'Azur Club play in Ligue Magnus, the top men's
division of the French ice hockey pyramid.
The
Stade Niçois
Stade Niçois is an amateur rugby club playing in Fédérale 2.
Population[edit]
This section needs to be updated. Please update this article to
reflect recent events or newly available information. (January 2017)
Population change (See database)
1793
1800
1806
1821
1836
1846
1856
1861
1866
24,117
18,475
19,783
25,231
33,811
39,000
44,091
48,273
50,180
1872
1876
1881
1886
1891
1896
1901
1906
1911
52,377
53,397
66,279
77,478
88,273
93,760
105,109
134,232
142,940
1921
1926
1931
1936
1946
1954
1962
1968
1975
155,839
184,441
219,549
241,916
211,165
244,360
292,958
322,442
344,481
1982
1990
1999
2006
2009
-
-
-
-
337,085
342,439
343,123
347,900
340,735
-
-
-
-
Sources : Ldh/EHESS/Cassini until 1962,
INSEE database from 1968
(population without double counting and municipal population from
2006)
The metropolitan area of Nice, defined by INSEE, is home to 888,784
inhabitants (fifth most populous in France) and its urban area totals
933,080 inhabitants, which makes it the sixth largest in France.
Nice
Nice residents of Vietnamese descent stand in front of one of the many
Vietnamese restaurants of the city.
Since the 1970s, the number of inhabitants has not changed
significantly; the relatively high migration to
Nice
Nice is compensated by
a natural negative growth of the population.
Observatory[edit]
View of the Bischoffsheim cupola, main cupola of
Nice
Nice Observatory
The Observatoire de
Nice
Nice (
Nice
Nice Observatory) is located on the summit
of Mont Gros. The observatory was established in 1879 by the banker
Raphaël Bischoffsheim. The architect was Charles Garnier, and Gustave
Eiffel designed the main dome.
The 76-cm (30-inch) refractor telescope that became operational in
1888 was at that time the world's largest telescope.
Culture[edit]
Terra-Amata, an archaeological site dating from the Lower Palaeolithic
age, is situated near Nice.
Nice
Nice itself was established by the ancient
Greeks. There was also an independent Roman city, Cemenelum, near
Nice, where the hill of
Cimiez
Cimiez is located. It is an archaeological
site with treasures, of which only a small part has been excavated.
The excavated site includes thermal baths, arenas and Roman
road.[citation needed]
Since the 2nd century AD, the light of the city has attracted many
famous painters and sculptors such as Chagall, Matisse, Niki de Saint
Phalle, Klein,
Arman
Arman and Sosno.
Nice
Nice inspired many composers and
intellectuals in different countries e.g. Berlioz, Rossini, Nietzsche
etc.
Nice
Nice also has numerous museums of all kinds: Musée Marc Chagall,
Musée
Matisse
Matisse (arenas of
Cimiez
Cimiez containing Roman ruins), Musée des
Beaux-Arts, Musée international d'Art naïf Anatole Jakovsky, Musée
Terra-Amata, Museum of Asian Art, Musée d'art moderne et d'art
contemporain which devotes much space to the well-known École of Nice
”), Museum of Natural History, Musée Masséna, Naval Museum and
Galerie des Ponchettes.
Being a vacation resort,
Nice
Nice hosts many festivals throughout the
year, such as the Carnaval de
Nice
Nice and the
Nice
Nice Jazz Festival.
Nice
Nice has a distinct culture due to its unique history. The local
language
Niçard (Nissart) is an
Occitan
Occitan dialect (but some Italian
scholars argue that it is a Ligurian dialect)[citation needed]. It is
still spoken by a substantial minority. Strong Italian and (to a
lesser extent) Corsican influences make it more intelligible to
Italians than other extant Provençal dialects.
In the past,
Nice
Nice welcomed many immigrants from
Italy
Italy (who continue to
make up a large proportion of the population), as well as Spanish and
Portuguese immigrants. However, in the past few decades immigration
has been opened to include immigrants from all over the world,
particularly those from former Northern and Western African colonies,
as well as southeast Asia[citation needed]. Traditions are still
alive, especially in folk music and dances. The most famous dance is
the farandole.
Since 1860 a cannon (based at the Château east of Old Nice) is shot
at twelve o'clock sharp. The detonation can be heard almost all over
the city. This tradition goes back to Sir Thomas Coventry, who
intended to remind the citizens of having lunch on time.[29]
Cuisine[edit]
The cuisine of
Nice
Nice is especially close to those of
Provence
Provence but also
Liguria
Liguria and
Piedmont
Piedmont and uses local ingredients (olive oil, anchovies,
fruit and vegetables) but also those from more remote regions, in
particular from Northern Europe, because ships which came to pick up
olive oil arrived full of food products, such as dried haddock.
Nice
Nice has a few local dishes. There is a local tart made with onions
and anchovies (or anchovy paste), named "Pissaladière".
Socca
Socca is a
type of pancake made from chickpea flour. Farcis niçois is a dish
made from vegetables stuffed with a mixture of breadcrumbs, meat
(generally sausage and ground beef), and herbs; and salade niçoise is
a tomato salad with green peppers of the "Corne" variety, baked eggs,
tuna or anchovies, and olives.
Local meat comes from neighbouring valleys, such as the sheep of
Sisteron. Local fish, such as mullets, bream, sea urchins, and
anchovies (alevins) are used to a great extent, so much so that it has
given birth to a proverb: "fish are born in the sea and die in
oil".[30]
Examples of Niçois specialties include:
Beignets de fleurs de courgettes
Ratatouille
Pichade
Pissaladière
Pan-bagnat
Socca
Soupe au pistou
Tourte de blettes
Daube
Farcis
Salade niçoise
Education[edit]
University of
Nice
Nice Sophia Antipolis
Institut Eurécom
École des hautes études commerciales du nord
École pour l'informatique et les nouvelles technologies
Villa Arson
ESRA film school
Institut supérieur européen de formation par l'action
Supinfo
Skema Business School
International relations[edit]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help
improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources.
Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2015)
(Learn how and when to remove this template message)
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in France
Twin towns – Sister cities[edit]
Nice
Nice is twinned with:[31]
Astana, Kazakhstan[32]
Alicante, Spain
Antananarivo, Madagascar
Cape Town, South Africa
Cartagena, Colombia
Cuneo, Italy
Edinburgh, Scotland, UK[33][34]
Gdańsk, Poland
Hangzhou, China
Houston, Texas, United States
Kamakura, Japan
Laval, Quebec, Canada
Libreville, Gabon
Locarno, Switzerland[35]
Louisiana
Louisiana (state), United States
Manila, Philippines
Miami, Florida, United States
Netanya, Israel[36]
Nouméa, New Caledonia
Nuremberg, Germany
Phuket, Thailand
Xiamen, China
Can Tho, Vietnam
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Saint-Denis, France
Saint Petersburg, Russia
Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
Sorrento, Italy
Szeged, Hungary
Thessaloniki, Greece[37]
Yalta,
Ukraine
.png/440px-Czech_Rep._-_Bohemia,_Moravia_and_Silesia_III_(en).png)
Ukraine or
Russia
Russia (disputed)
Yerevan, Armenia[38]
Notable people[edit]
Giuseppe Garibaldi
.jpg)
Giuseppe Garibaldi – Italian general, politician and patriot
Albert Calmette
Albert Calmette – French physician, bacteriologist and immunologist
Simone Veil
.jpg/440px-Simone_Veil_(1984).jpg)
Simone Veil – French lawyer and politician who served as Minister of
Health, President of the European Parliament and member of the
Constitutional Council of France; survivor of the Auschwitz-Birkenau
concentration camp
Joann Sfar
.jpg/440px-Joann_Sfar_-_Le_Livre_sur_la_Place_(21174021150).jpg)
Joann Sfar – French comics artist, comic book creator and film
director
Jean-Pierre Mocky
Jean-Pierre Mocky – French film director, actor, screenwriter and
producer
Alexis Kossenko – French classical flautist and conductor
Mickael Abbate – French film director, producer, lives in Nice
J. M. G. Le Clézio
J. M. G. Le Clézio – French author and professor, was awarded the
2008 Nobel Prize in Literature[39]
René Cassin
René Cassin – French jurist, law professor and judge, former
student of Nice's Lycée Massena, he received the Nobel Peace Prize in
1968[40]
André Masséna
André Masséna – 1st Duc de Rivoli, 1st Prince d'Essling, one of
the original eighteen Marshals of the Empire, French military
commander during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, his nickname
was l'Enfant chéri de la Victoire ("the Dear Child of Victory")[41]
Henry Cavendish
Henry Cavendish – British scientist noted for his discovery of
hydrogen
Auguste Renoir, had his studio in
Nice
Nice from 1911 to 1919 at the corner
of the Rue Alfred Mortier and the Quai St Jean Baptiste. A
commemorative plaque is affixed to it.
Surya Bonaly
Surya Bonaly – figure skater
Jules Bianchi
Jules Bianchi (1989–2015) – Formula 1 Driver
Dominic Howard
Dominic Howard – drummer for Muse currently lives in Nice
Hugo Lloris
Hugo Lloris – footballer
Georges Lautner
Georges Lautner – director born in Nice, buried in the cemetery of
the Castle
Dick Rivers
Dick Rivers – born Hervé Forneri, rock singer, born in
Nice
Nice in 1945
René Goscinny
René Goscinny – Asterix creator buried in Nice
Christian Estrosi
Christian Estrosi – born in
Nice
Nice in 1955
Léon Gambetta
Léon Gambetta (1838–1881) – buried in Nice
Amedeo Modigliani
Amedeo Modigliani lived for a few months in
Nice
Nice with his companion
Jeanne Hébuterne; she gave birth to their daughter Giovanna in 1918.
Queen Victoria
Queen Victoria – Queen of the
United Kingdom
United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, stayed many winters in Nice
Eric Ciotti
.jpg/440px-Éric_Ciotti_(2).jpg)
Eric Ciotti – born in
Nice
Nice in 1965
Jean Behra (1921–1959) – racing driver, born in Nice
Elton John
Elton John – singer, owned a house in Mont Boron on the hills of
Nice
Dominique Jean-Zéphirin – footballer
Mohammed VI, king of Morocco, obtained the title of Doctor of Law at
the University of
Nice
Nice Sophia Antipolis
Gilles Simon
.jpg/440px-Gilles_Simon_(14235744700).jpg)
Gilles Simon – tennis player
Alizé Cornet
_(29569803900).jpg/440px-Cornet_US16_(15)_(29569803900).jpg)
Alizé Cornet – tennis player
Freda Betti – opera singer
Henri Betti – composer and pianist
Priscilla Betti
Priscilla Betti – singer and actress
Alexy Bosetti
Alexy Bosetti – footballer
Michel Siffre
Michel Siffre – adventurer and scientist
Robert W. Service
Robert W. Service – poet and writer of the
Klondike Gold Rush
Klondike Gold Rush lived
in
Nice
Nice during the summers from 1916 to 1940[42]
Aimé Teisseire (1914–2008) – French Army officer, lived in Nice
after his retirement from the military until his death at the age of
93[43]
Valérie Zenatti
_retusche.jpg/440px-Valérie_Zenatti_(21e_Maghreb_des_Livres,_Paris,_7_et_8_février_2015)_retusche.jpg)
Valérie Zenatti (born 1970) – writer
Pino Presti
Pino Presti – Italian bassist, arranger, composer, conductor and
record producer, has lived in
Nice
Nice since 2004 [44]
See also[edit]
France
France portal
Albert Spaggiari
Charles-Léonce Brossé
Cimetière du Château
European Institute of High International Studies
Le Méridien
Paris–Nice
Rugby
Nice
Nice Côte d'Azur Université-Racing
37th G8 summit
References[edit]
^ a b Demographia: World Urban Areas, April 2016
^
INSEE – Résultats du recensement de la population de 2008 –
Aire urbaine de
Nice
Nice Archived 5 February 2013 at the Wayback Machine.
– INSEE, 2008
^ Ruggiero, Alain, ed. (2006). Nouvelle histoire de Nice. Toulouse:
Privat. pp. 17–18. ISBN 978-2-7089-8335-9.
^ Alain Ruggiero, op. cit., p. 137
^ "Nice,
France
France travel. Comprehensive guide to Nice".
Europe-cities.com. Retrieved 3 April 2011.
^ Un savoir-faire et un équipement complet en matière d'accueil,
Urban community of Nice Côte d'Azur
Urban community of Nice Côte d'Azur website Archived 24 February 2009
at the Wayback Machine.
^ Les chiffres clés du tourisme à Nice, site municipal Archived 17
December 2007 at the Wayback Machine.
^ "Union des aéroports français – Résultats d'activité des
aéroports français 2007 – Trafic passagers 2007 classement –
page 8" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 February 2012.
Retrieved 3 April 2011.
^ "Le Nouveau venu" (in French). Musée de Paléontologie Humaine de
Terra Amata. Retrieved 5 March 2009.
^ A. G. Wintle; M. J: Aitken (July 1997). "Thermoluminescence dating
of burnt flint: application to a Lower Paleolithic site, Terra Amata".
Archaeometry. 19 (2): 111–130.
doi:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1977.tb00189.x.
^ "The Chsteau of Villeneuve-Loubet".
Villeneuve-Loubet
Villeneuve-Loubet Guide and
Hotels. Archived from the original on 26 April 2014. Retrieved 30
September 2009.
^ Documentazione su Nizza
^ Léon Poliakov, La conditions des Juifs sous l'occupation italienne,
Paris, CDJC, 1946 and bibliographies of
Angelo Donati
Angelo Donati and Père
Marie-Benoît
^ Almasy, Steve. "
Nice
Nice mayor: 'Tens of dead' when truck runs into
crowd". CNN. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
^ "
Nice
Nice truck attack claims 86th victim". Star Tribune. 19 August
2016. Archived from the original on 21 August 2016. Retrieved 17
November 2016.
^ "
Nice
Nice attack: At least 84 killed during
Bastille Day
.jpg/480px-Feu_d'artifice_du_14_juillet_2014_-_Tour_Eiffel_(20).jpg)
Bastille Day celebrations".
BBC News. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
^ Calamur, Krishnadev; Serhan, Yasmeen; Vasilogambros, Matt; Ford,
Matt; Phippen, J. Weston (16 July 2016). "Attack in Nice: What We
Know". The Atlantic. Retrieved 16 July 2016.
^ "L'interview de Philippe Pradal, le nouveau maire de Nice" (in
French).
France
France 3 Côte d'Azur. 13 June 2016. Retrieved 15 July
2016.
^ "
Christian Estrosi
Christian Estrosi réélu maire de Nice: les réactions outrées de
l'opposition". Nice-Matin. 15 May 2017. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
^ a b c d e f Ralph Schor (Edited by), Dictionnaire historique et
biographique du comté de Nice(Historical and biographical dictionary
of the County of Nice), Nice, Serre, 2002,
ISBN 978-2-86410-366-0, pp.22–23 (in French)
^ "
Nice
Nice (06)" (PDF). Fiche Climatologique: Statistiques 1981–2010 et
records (in French). Meteo France. Archived from the original (PDF) on
6 March 2018. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
^ "Normes et records 1961-1990:
Nice
Nice - Côte d'Azur (06) - altitude
4m" (in French). Infoclimat. Archived from the original on 15 March
2016. Retrieved 10 March 2018.
^ "Nice,
France
France – Climate data". Weather Atlas. Retrieved 15 April
2017.
^ "Global city GDP 2011". Brookings Institution. Archived from the
original on 4 June 2013. Retrieved 4 March 2013.
^ "
French Riviera
French Riviera train for Russia". BBC News. 23 September 2010.
Retrieved 24 September 2010.
^ "Line 2 tram expected to be finished in 2017". Attika International.
20 March 2013. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
^ "Dates et chiffres clés / La ligne 1 / Accueil – Tramway de la
Communauté Urbaine
Nice
Nice Côte d'Azur" (in French). Tramway.nice.fr.
Archived from the original on 6 September 2011. Retrieved 15 September
2011.
^ "
Olympic Nice Natation homepage" (in French). Olympic Nice
Natation.
^
Nice
Nice – French Riviera: Noon on the Dot from francemonthly.com.
Retrieved 11 February 2013.
^ Jack, Albert (2010). What Caesar Did For My Salad: The Secret
Meanings of our Favourite Dishes. London: Penguin UK.
ISBN 9780141929927.
^ "Villes jumelées avec la Ville de Nice" (in French). Ville de Nice.
Archived from the original on 29 October 2012. Retrieved 24 June
2013.
^ "
Astana
Astana and
Nice
Nice established twin relations". Retrieved 5 July
2013.
^ "Twin and Partner Cities". City of
Edinburgh
Edinburgh Council. Archived from
the original on 14 June 2012. Retrieved 16 January 2009.
^ "British towns twinned with French towns [via WaybackMachine.com]".
Archant Community Media Ltd. Archived from the original on 5 July
2013. Retrieved 20 July 2013.
^ "City of
Locarno
Locarno - Twin Towns & Sister Cities". Retrieved 10
January 2018.
^ "
Netanya
Netanya – Twin Cities".
Netanya
Netanya Municipality. Archived from the
original on 1 February 2013. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
^ "Twinnings" (PDF). Central Union of Municipalities & Communities
of Greece. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
^ "
Yerevan
Yerevan – Twin Towns & Sister Cities".
Yerevan
Yerevan Municipality
Official Website. Retrieved 4 November 2013.
^ Lichfield, John (9 October 2008). "French novelist Le Clézio wins
Nobel literature prize". The Independent. Retrieved 22 October
2012.
^ "René Cassin". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 22 October 2012.
^ General Michel Franceschi (Ret.), Austerlitz (Montreal:
International Napoleonic Society, 2005), 20.
^ "Biography". Robert W Service Estate. Retrieved 3 May 2013.
^ Musée de l'Ordre de la Libération. "Aimé Teisseire". Retrieved 19
January 2016 (in French).
^ Le Jazzophone. Retrieved 19 December 2016 (in French).
Further reading[edit]
See also: Bibliography of the history of Nice
Sykes, Colonel. "Statistics of
Nice
Nice Maritime." Journal of the
Statistical Society of London 18.1 (1855): 34–73. online
This article incorporates text from a publication now in
the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "
Nice
Nice (France)".
Encyclopædia Britannica. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
pp. 646–647.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Nice". Catholic
Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton.
External links[edit]
Find more aboutNiceat's sister projects
Definitions from Wiktionary
Media from Wikimedia Commons
News from Wikinews
Quotations from Wikiquote
Texts from Wikisource
Textbooks from Wikibooks
Travel guide from Wikivoyage
Learning resources from Wikiversity
Official website of the City of
Nice
Nice (in French)
Official website of
Nice
Nice Metropolis (in French)
Visitors and Convention Bureau
Nice
Nice (in French) (in English)
Nice
Nice at Curlie (based on DMOZ)
France.fr –
Nice
Nice – Official website for tourism in France
v
t
e
Prefectures of departments of France
Bourg-en-Bresse
Bourg-en-Bresse (Ain)
Laon
Laon (Aisne)
Moulins (Allier)
Digne-les-Bains
Digne-les-Bains (Alpes-de-Haute-Provence)
Gap (Hautes-Alpes)
Nice
Nice (Alpes-Maritimes)
Privas
Privas (Ardèche)
Charleville-Mézières
Charleville-Mézières (Ardennes)
Foix
Foix (Ariège)
Troyes
Troyes (Aube)
Carcassonne
.jpg/440px-Chess_(2846141682).jpg)
Carcassonne (Aude)
Rodez
Rodez (Aveyron)
Marseille
Marseille (Bouches-du-Rhône)
Caen
.JPG/540px-Caen_France_(28).JPG)
Caen (Calvados)
Aurillac
Aurillac (Cantal)
Angoulême
Angoulême (Charente)
La Rochelle
La Rochelle (Charente-Maritime)
Bourges
Bourges (Cher)
Tulle
Tulle (Corrèze)
Ajaccio
Ajaccio (Corse-du-Sud)
Bastia
Bastia (Haute-Corse)
Dijon
Dijon (Côte-d'Or)
Saint-Brieuc
Saint-Brieuc (Côtes-d'Armor)
Guéret
Guéret (Creuse)
Périgueux
Périgueux (Dordogne)
Besançon
Besançon (Doubs)
Valence (Drôme)
Évreux
Évreux (Eure)
Chartres
Chartres (Eure-et-Loir)
Quimper
Quimper (Finistère)
Nîmes
Nîmes (Gard)
Toulouse
Toulouse (Haute-Garonne)
Auch
Auch (Gers)
Bordeaux
Bordeaux (Gironde)
Montpellier
Montpellier (Hérault)
Rennes
.jpg/600px-Hdrt1_(Large).jpg)
Rennes (Ille-et-Vilaine)
Châteauroux
Châteauroux (Indre)
Tours
Tours (Indre-et-Loire)
Grenoble
Grenoble (Isère)
Lons-le-Saunier
Lons-le-Saunier (Jura)
Mont-de-Marsan
Mont-de-Marsan (Landes)
Blois
Blois (Loir-et-Cher)
Saint-Étienne
Saint-Étienne (Loire)
Le Puy-en-Velay
Le Puy-en-Velay (Haute-Loire)
Nantes
Nantes (Loire-Atlantique)
Orléans
Orléans (Loiret)
Cahors
Cahors (Lot)
Agen
Agen (Lot-et-Garonne)
Mende (Lozère)
Angers
Angers (Maine-et-Loire)
Saint-Lô
Saint-Lô (Manche)
Châlons-en-Champagne
.JPG/540px-Hôtel_de_ville_de_Châlons-en-Champagne_(Marne).JPG)
Châlons-en-Champagne (Marne)
Chaumont (Haute-Marne)
Laval (Mayenne)
Nancy (Meurthe-et-Moselle)
Bar-le-Duc
Bar-le-Duc (Meuse)
Vannes
Vannes (Morbihan)
Metz
Metz (Moselle)
Nevers
Nevers (Nièvre)
Lille
Lille (Nord)
Beauvais
Beauvais (Oise)
Alençon
Alençon (Orne)
Arras
Arras (Pas-de-Calais)
Clermont-Ferrand
Clermont-Ferrand (Puy-de-Dôme)
Pau (Pyrénées-Atlantiques)
Tarbes
.jpg/540px-Mairie_de_Tarbes_(Hautes-Pyrénées,_France).jpg)
Tarbes (Hautes-Pyrénées)
Perpignan
Perpignan (Pyrénées-Orientales)
Strasbourg
Strasbourg (Bas-Rhin)
Colmar
Colmar (Haut-Rhin)
Lyon
Lyon (Rhône)
Vesoul
Vesoul (Haute-Saône)
Mâcon
Mâcon (Saône-et-Loire)
Le Mans
.jpg/500px-Le_Mans_-_St_Julien_SGW_(large_version).jpg)
Le Mans (Sarthe)
Chambéry
Chambéry (Savoie)
Annecy
Annecy (Haute-Savoie)
Paris
Paris (Paris)
Rouen
Rouen (Seine-Maritime)
Melun
Melun (Seine-et-Marne)
Versailles (Yvelines)
Niort
Niort (Deux-Sèvres)
Amiens
.JPG/540px-0_Amiens_-_Place_du_Don_-_Cathédrale_(1).JPG)
Amiens (Somme)
Albi
Albi (Tarn)
Montauban
Montauban (Tarn-et-Garonne)
Toulon
Toulon (Var)
Avignon
Avignon (Vaucluse)
La Roche-sur-Yon
La Roche-sur-Yon (Vendée)
Poitiers
Poitiers (Vienne)
Limoges
Limoges (Haute-Vienne)
Épinal
Épinal (Vosges)
Auxerre
Auxerre (Yonne)
Belfort
Belfort (Territoire de Belfort)
Évry (Essonne)
Nanterre
Nanterre (Hauts-de-Seine)
Bobigny
Bobigny (Seine-Saint-Denis)
Créteil
Créteil (Val-de-Marne)
Cergy,
Pontoise
,_cathédrale_Saint-Maclou,_vue_depuis_le_jardin_des_Cinq_Sens_(promontoire_du_château).jpg/540px-Pontoise_(95),_cathédrale_Saint-Maclou,_vue_depuis_le_jardin_des_Cinq_Sens_(promontoire_du_château).jpg)
Pontoise (Val-d'Oise)
Overseas departments
Basse-Terre
Basse-Terre (Guadeloupe)
Fort-de-
France
France (Martinique)
Cayenne
.jpg/540px-Cayenne_city_(8525272038).jpg)
Cayenne (French Guiana)
Saint-Denis (Réunion)
Mamoudzou
.jpg/540px-Mamoudzou_(10029936275).jpg)
Mamoudzou (Mayotte)
v
t
e
Communes of the
Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes department
Aiglun
Amirat
Andon
Antibes
Ascros
Aspremont
Auribeau-sur-Siagne
Auvare
Bairols
Le Bar-sur-Loup
Beaulieu-sur-Mer
Beausoleil
Belvédère
Bendejun
Berre-les-Alpes
Beuil
Bézaudun-les-Alpes
Biot
Blausasc
La Bollène-Vésubie
Bonson
Bouyon
Breil-sur-Roya
Briançonnet
La Brigue
Le Broc
Cabris
Cagnes-sur-Mer
Caille
Cannes
Le Cannet
Cantaron
Cap-d'Ail
Carros
Castagniers
Castellar
Castillon
Caussols
Châteauneuf-d'Entraunes
Châteauneuf-Grasse
Châteauneuf-Villevieille
Cipières
Clans
Coaraze
La Colle-sur-Loup
Collongues
Colomars
Conségudes
Contes
Courmes
Coursegoules
La Croix-sur-Roudoule
Cuébris
Daluis
Drap
Duranus
Entraunes
L'Escarène
Escragnolles
Èze
Falicon
Les Ferres
Fontan
Gars
Gattières
La Gaude
Gilette
Gorbio
Gourdon
Grasse
Gréolières
Guillaumes
Ilonse
Isola
Lantosque
Levens
Lieuche
Lucéram
Malaussène
Mandelieu-la-Napoule
Marie
Le Mas
Massoins
Menton
Mouans-Sartoux
Mougins
Moulinet
Les Mujouls
Nice
Opio
Pégomas
Peille
Peillon
La Penne
Péone
Peymeinade
Pierlas
Pierrefeu
Puget-Rostang
Puget-Théniers
Revest-les-Roches
Rigaud
Rimplas
Roquebillière
Roquebrune-Cap-Martin
La Roque-en-Provence
Roquefort-les-Pins
Roquesteron
La Roquette-sur-Siagne
La Roquette-sur-Var
Roubion
Roure
Le Rouret
Saint-André-de-la-Roche
Saint-Antonin
Saint-Auban
Saint-Blaise
Saint-Cézaire-sur-Siagne
Saint-Dalmas-le-Selvage
Sainte-Agnès
Saint-Étienne-de-Tinée
Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat
Saint-Jeannet
Saint-Laurent-du-Var
Saint-Léger
Saint-Martin-d'Entraunes
Saint-Martin-du-Var
Saint-Martin-Vésubie
Saint-Paul-de-Vence
Saint-Sauveur-sur-Tinée
Saint-Vallier-de-Thiey
Sallagriffon
Saorge
Sauze
Séranon
Sigale
Sospel
Spéracèdes
Tende
Théoule-sur-Mer
Thiéry
Le Tignet
Toudon
Touët-de-l'Escarène
Touët-sur-Var
La Tour
Tourette-du-Château
Tournefort
Tourrette-Levens
Tourrettes-sur-Loup
La Trinité
La Turbie
Utelle
Valbonne
Valdeblore
Valderoure
Vallauris
Venanson
Vence
Villars-sur-Var
Villefranche-sur-Mer
Villeneuve-d'Entraunes
Villeneuve-Loubet
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 128617334
LCCN: n79065307
ISNI: 0000 0001 2285 6326
GND: 4075416-9
SUDOC: 026395673
BNF: cb1186
