List of geneticists and biochemists
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This is a list of people who have made notable contributions to genetics. The growth and development of genetics represents the work of many people. This list of geneticists is therefore by no means complete. Contributors of great distinction to genetics are not yet on the list. __NOTOC__


A

*
Dagfinn Aarskog Dagfinn Aarskog (10 December 1928 – 27 May 2014) was a Norwegian physician. Life He was born in Ålesund, Norway. He received his MD at the University of Bergen in 1956, and received a PhD in medicine in 1965. Aarskog was a specialist in ...
(1928–2014), Norwegian pediatrician and geneticist, described
Aarskog–Scott syndrome Aarskog–Scott syndrome (AAS) is a rare disease inherited disease, inherited as X-linked and characterized by short stature, facial abnormalities, skeletal and genital anomalies. This condition mainly affects males, although females may have mild ...
* Jon Aase (born 1936), US dysmorphologist, described
Aase syndrome Aase syndrome or Aase–Smith syndrome is a rare inherited disorder characterized by anemia with some joint and skeletal deformities. Aase syndrome is thought to be an autosomal dominant inherited disorder. The genetic basis of the disease is not ...
, expert on fetal alcohol syndrome *
John Abelson John Norman Abelson (born 1938 in Grand Coulee, WashingtonNicole Kresge, Robert D. Simoni and Robert L. Hill, 2009DNA Transcription and tRNA Ligase: the Work of John Abelson The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 284, e20-21.) is an American molecu ...
(born c. 1939), US biochemist, studies of machinery and mechanism of
RNA splicing RNA splicing is a process in molecular biology where a newly-made precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) transcript is transformed into a mature messenger RNA (mRNA). It works by removing all the introns (non-coding regions of RNA) and ''splicing'' b ...
* Susan L. Ackerman, US neurogeneticist, genes controlling brain development and
neuron A neuron, neurone, or nerve cell is an electrically excitable cell that communicates with other cells via specialized connections called synapses. The neuron is the main component of nervous tissue in all animals except sponges and placozoa. N ...
survival *
Jerry Adams Jerry McKee Adams, FAA, FRS, FAHMS, FRSV (born 17 June 1940) is an Australian-American molecular biologist whose research into the genetics of haemopoietic differentiation and malignancy, led him and his wife, Professor Suzanne Cory, to ...
(born 1940), US molecular biologist in Australia,
hematopoietic Haematopoiesis (, from Greek , 'blood' and 'to make'; also hematopoiesis in American English; sometimes also h(a)emopoiesis) is the formation of blood cellular components. All cellular blood components are derived from haematopoietic stem cells. ...
genetics and cancer *
Bruce Alberts Bruce Michael Alberts (born April 14, 1938, in Chicago, Illinois) is an American biochemist and the Chancellor’s Leadership Chair in Biochemistry and Biophysics for Science and Education, Emeritus at the University of California, San Francis ...
(born 1938), US biochemist,
phage A bacteriophage (), also known informally as a ''phage'' (), is a duplodnaviria virus that infects and replicates within bacteria and archaea. The term was derived from "bacteria" and the Greek φαγεῖν ('), meaning "to devour". Bacterio ...
worker, studied
DNA replication In molecular biology, DNA replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule. DNA replication occurs in all living organisms acting as the most essential part for biological inheritanc ...
and
cell division Cell division is the process by which a parent cell (biology), cell divides into two daughter cells. Cell division usually occurs as part of a larger cell cycle in which the cell grows and replicates its chromosome(s) before dividing. In eukar ...
* William Allan (1881–1943), US country doctor, pioneered human genetics *
C. David Allis Charles David Allis (March 22, 1951 – January 8, 2023) was an American molecular biologist, and the Joy and Jack Fishman Professor at the Rockefeller University. He was also the Head of the Laboratory of Chromatin Biology and Epigenetics, an ...
(born 1951), US biologist with a fascination for
chromatin Chromatin is a complex of DNA and protein found in eukaryotic cells. The primary function is to package long DNA molecules into more compact, denser structures. This prevents the strands from becoming tangled and also plays important roles in r ...
* Robin Allshire (born 1960), UK-based Irish molecular biologist/geneticist and expert in formation of
heterochromatin Heterochromatin is a tightly packed form of DNA or '' condensed DNA'', which comes in multiple varieties. These varieties lie on a continue between the two extremes of constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin. Both play a role ...
and
centromeres The centromere links a pair of sister chromatids together during cell division. This constricted region of chromosome connects the sister chromatids, creating a short arm (p) and a long arm (q) on the chromatids. During mitosis, spindle fibers a ...
*
Carl-Henry Alström Carl-Henry Alström (3 May 1907 – 1993) was a Swedish psychiatrist who described a syndrome now named for him, Alström syndrome, a hereditary disorder that characteristically includes obesity in childhood, nerve deafness, and retinal degenerati ...
(1907–1993), Swedish psychiatrist, described genetic disease:
Alström syndrome Alström syndrome (AS), also called Alström–Hallgren syndrome, is a very rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterised by childhood obesity and multiple organ dysfunction. Symptoms include early-onset type 2 diabetes, cone-rod dystr ...
*
Frederick Alt Frederick W. Alt is an American geneticist. He is a member of the Immunology section of the National Academy of Sciences and a Charles A. Janeway Professor of Pediatrics, and Professor of Genetics at Harvard Medical School. He is the Director ...
, American geneticist known for research on maintenance of genome stability in the cells of the mammalian immunological system *
Russ Altman Russ Biagio Altman is an American professor of bioengineering, genetics, medicine, and biomedical data science (and of computer science, by courtesy) and past chairman of the bioengineering department at Stanford University. Education Altman hol ...
, US geneticist and bioengineer known for his work in
pharmacogenomics Pharmacogenomics is the study of the role of the genome in drug response. Its name ('' pharmaco-'' + ''genomics'') reflects its combining of pharmacology and genomics. Pharmacogenomics analyzes how the genetic makeup of an individual affects the ...
*
Sidney Altman Sidney Altman (May 7, 1939 – April 5, 2022) was a Canadian-American molecular biologist, who was the Sterling Professor of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and Chemistry at Yale University. In 1989, he shared the Nobel Prize in ...
(1939–2022), Canadian-US biophysicist who won
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
for catalytic functions of
RNA Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation and expression of genes. RNA and deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA) are nucleic acids. Along with lipids, proteins, and carbohydra ...
* Cecil A. Alport (1880–1959), UK internist, identified
Alport syndrome Alport syndrome is a genetic disorder affecting around 1 in 5,000-10,000 children, characterized by glomerulonephritis, end-stage kidney disease, and hearing loss. Alport syndrome can also affect the eyes, though the changes do not usually affect v ...
(hereditary
nephritis Nephritis is inflammation of the kidneys and may involve the glomeruli, tubules, or interstitial tissue surrounding the glomeruli and tubules. It is one of several different types of nephropathy. Types * Glomerulonephritis is inflammation of th ...
and
deafness Deafness has varying definitions in cultural and medical contexts. In medical contexts, the meaning of deafness is hearing loss that precludes a person from understanding spoken language, an audiological condition. In this context it is written ...
) * David Altshuler (born c. 1965), US
endocrinologist Endocrinology (from ''endocrine'' + '' -ology'') is a branch of biology and medicine dealing with the endocrine system, its diseases, and its specific secretions known as hormones. It is also concerned with the integration of developmental events ...
and geneticist, the genetics of
type 2 diabetes Type 2 diabetes, formerly known as adult-onset diabetes, is a form of diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. Common symptoms include increased thirst, frequent urination, ...
*
Bruce Ames Bruce Nathan Ames (born December 16, 1928) is an American biochemist. He is a professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley, and was a senior scientist at Children's Hospital Oakland Research I ...
(born 1928), US molecular geneticist, created Ames test to screen chemicals for
mutagenicity In genetics, a mutagen is a physical or chemical agent that permanently changes genetic material, usually DNA, in an organism and thus increases the frequency of mutations above the natural background level. As many mutations can cause cancer in ...
*
D. Bernard Amos Dennis Bernard Amos (April 16, 1923 – May 15, 2003) was a Great Britain, British born United States, American immunologist. National Academies Press called Amos "one of the most distinguished scientists of the genetics of individuality of the twen ...
(1923–2003), UK-US immunologist who studied the genetics of individuality *
Edgar Anderson Edgar Shannon Anderson (November 9, 1897 – June 18, 1969) was an American botanist. He introduced the term ''introgressive hybridization'' and his 1949 book of that title was an original and important contribution to botanical genetics. HIs wo ...
(1897–1969), eminent US botanical geneticist * E. G. ("Andy") Anderson (1924–1993), US
Drosophila ''Drosophila'' () is a genus of flies, belonging to the family Drosophilidae, whose members are often called "small fruit flies" or (less frequently) pomace flies, vinegar flies, or wine flies, a reference to the characteristic of many species ...
and
maize Maize ( ; ''Zea mays'' subsp. ''mays'', from es, maíz after tnq, mahiz), also known as corn (North American and Australian English), is a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago. Th ...
geneticist *
William French Anderson William French Anderson (born December 31, 1936) is an American physician, geneticist and molecular biologist. He is known as the "father of gene therapy". He graduated from Harvard College in 1958, Trinity College, Cambridge University (England ...
(born 1936), US worker in
gene therapy Gene therapy is a medical field which focuses on the genetic modification of cells to produce a therapeutic effect or the treatment of disease by repairing or reconstructing defective genetic material. The first attempt at modifying human DN ...
*
Corino Andrade Mário Corino da Costa Andrade (10 June 1906 in Moura – 16 June 2005 in Porto) was a leading twentieth century Portuguese neurologist and researcher who first described the familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) syndrome that later came t ...
(1906–2005), Portuguese
neurologist Neurology (from el, νεῦρον (neûron), "string, nerve" and the suffix -logia, "study of") is the branch of medicine dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of all categories of conditions and disease involving the brain, the spinal c ...
and clinical geneticist * Tim Anson (1901–1968), US molecular biologist, proposed protein folding a reversible two-state reaction * Stylianos E. Antonarakis (born 1951), US-Greek medical geneticist, genotypic and phenotypic variation *
Werner Arber Werner Arber (born 3 June 1929 in Gränichen, Aargau) is a Swiss microbiologist and geneticist. Along with American researchers Hamilton Smith and Daniel Nathans, Werner Arber shared the 1978 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the disco ...
(born 1929), Swiss microbiologist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
for discovery of
restriction endonuclease A restriction enzyme, restriction endonuclease, REase, ENase or'' restrictase '' is an enzyme that cleaves DNA into fragments at or near specific recognition sites within molecules known as restriction sites. Restriction enzymes are one class o ...
s * Enrico Arpaia (born 1949), Canadian molecular geneticist,
Tay–Sachs disease Tay–Sachs disease is a genetic disorder that results in the destruction of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. The most common form is infantile Tay–Sachs disease, which becomes apparent around three to six months of age, with the baby ...
, Zap70, Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase *
Michael Ashburner Michael Ashburner (born 23 May 1942) is a biologist and Emeritus Professor in the Department of Genetics at University of Cambridge. He is also the former joint-head and co-founder of the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI) of the European Mo ...
(born 1942), British
Drosophila ''Drosophila'' () is a genus of flies, belonging to the family Drosophilidae, whose members are often called "small fruit flies" or (less frequently) pomace flies, vinegar flies, or wine flies, a reference to the characteristic of many species ...
geneticist and
polymath A polymath ( el, πολυμαθής, , "having learned much"; la, homo universalis, "universal human") is an individual whose knowledge spans a substantial number of subjects, known to draw on complex bodies of knowledge to solve specific pro ...
*
William Astbury William Thomas Astbury Fellow of the Royal Society, FRS (25 February 1898 – 4 June 1961) was an English physicist and molecular biology, molecular biologist who made pioneering X-ray crystallography, X-ray diffraction studies of biomolecule, b ...
(1898–1961), UK molecular biologist,
X-ray crystallography X-ray crystallography is the experimental science determining the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal, in which the crystalline structure causes a beam of incident X-rays to diffract into many specific directions. By measuring the angles ...
of
protein Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, respo ...
s and DNA *
Giuseppe Attardi Giuseppe Attardi (September 14, 1923 – April 5, 2008) was an American molecular biologist of Italian origin, a professor at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena. He made pioneering studies on the human mitochondrial structure ...
(1923–2008), Italian-US molecular biologist, genetics of human
mitochondria A mitochondrion (; ) is an organelle found in the Cell (biology), cells of most Eukaryotes, such as animals, plants and Fungus, fungi. Mitochondria have a double lipid bilayer, membrane structure and use aerobic respiration to generate adenosi ...
l function *
Charlotte Auerbach Charlotte "Lotte" Auerbach Royal Society, FRS Royal Society of Edinburgh, FRSE (14 May 1899 – 17 March 1994) was a German geneticist who contributed to founding the science of mutagenesis. She became well known after 1942 when she discovered w ...
(1899–1994), German-born British pioneer in
mutagenesis Mutagenesis () is a process by which the genetic information of an organism is changed by the production of a mutation. It may occur spontaneously in nature, or as a result of exposure to mutagens. It can also be achieved experimentally using la ...
*
Oswald Avery Oswald Theodore Avery Jr. (October 21, 1877 – February 20, 1955) was a Canadian-American physician and medical researcher. The major part of his career was spent at the Rockefeller Hospital in New York City. Avery was one of the first molecula ...
(1877–1955), Canadian-born US co-discoverer that DNA is the genetic material *
Richard Axel Richard Axel (born July 2, 1946) is an American molecular biologist and university professor in the Department of Neuroscience at Columbia University and investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. His work on the olfactory system won hi ...
(born 1946), US physician-scientist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
for genetic analysis of
olfactory The sense of smell, or olfaction, is the special sense through which smells (or odors) are perceived. The sense of smell has many functions, including detecting desirable foods, hazards, and pheromones, and plays a role in taste. In humans, it ...
system


B

*
E. B. Babcock Ernest Brown Babcock (July 10, 1877 – December 8, 1954) was an American plant geneticist who pioneered the under standing of plant evolution in terms of genetics. He is particularly known for seeking to understand by field investigations and e ...
(1877–1954), US plant geneticist, pioneered genetic analysis of genus
Crepis ''Crepis'', commonly known in some parts of the world as hawksbeard or hawk's-beard (but not to be confused with the related genus ''Hieracium'' with a similar common name), is a genus of annual and perennial flowering plants of the family Aster ...
* Édouard-Gérard Balbiani (1823–1899), French embryologist who found
chromosome A chromosome is a long DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism. In most chromosomes the very long thin DNA fibers are coated with packaging proteins; in eukaryotic cells the most important of these proteins are ...
puffs now called Balbiani rings *
David Baltimore David Baltimore (born March 7, 1938) is an American biologist, university administrator, and 1975 Nobel laureate in Physiology or Medicine. He is President Emeritus and Distinguished Professor of Biology at the California Institute of Technolo ...
(born 1938), US biologist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
for the discovery of
reverse transcriptase A reverse transcriptase (RT) is an enzyme used to generate complementary DNA (cDNA) from an RNA template, a process termed reverse transcription. Reverse transcriptases are used by viruses such as HIV and hepatitis B to replicate their genomes, ...
*
Guido Barbujani Guido Barbujani (born January 31, 1955) is an Italian population geneticist, evolutionary biologist and literary author born in Adria, who has worked with the State University of New York at Stony Brook (NY), University of Padua, and University o ...
(born 1955), Italian population geneticist and evolutionary biologist *
Cornelia Bargmann Cornelia Isabella "Cori" Bargmann (born January 1, 1961) is an American neurobiologist. She is known for her work on the genetic and neural circuit mechanisms of behavior using ''C. elegans'', particularly the mechanisms of olfaction in the worm. ...
(born 1961), US molecular neurogeneticist studying the
C. elegans ''Caenorhabditis elegans'' () is a free-living transparent nematode about 1 mm in length that lives in temperate soil environments. It is the type species of its genus. The name is a blend of the Greek ''caeno-'' (recent), ''rhabditis'' (r ...
brain *
David P. Bartel David P. Bartel is an American molecular biologist best known for his work on microRNAs. Bartel is a Professor of Biology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Member of the Whitehead Institute, and investigator of the Howard Hughes Medic ...
(B.A. 1982), US geneticist, discovered many
microRNA MicroRNA (miRNA) are small, single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecules containing 21 to 23 nucleotides. Found in plants, animals and some viruses, miRNAs are involved in RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. miRN ...
s regulating
gene expression Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product that enables it to produce end products, protein or non-coding RNA, and ultimately affect a phenotype, as the final effect. The ...
*
William Bateson William Bateson (8 August 1861 – 8 February 1926) was an English biologist who was the first person to use the term genetics to describe the study of heredity, and the chief populariser of the ideas of Gregor Mendel following their rediscove ...
(1861–1926), British geneticist who coined the term "genetics" * E. Baur (1875–1933), German geneticist, botanist, discovered inheritance of
plasmid A plasmid is a small, extrachromosomal DNA molecule within a cell that is physically separated from chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently. They are most commonly found as small circular, double-stranded DNA molecules in bacteria; how ...
s *
George Beadle George Wells Beadle (October 22, 1903 – June 9, 1989) was an American geneticist. In 1958 he shared one-half of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Edward Tatum for their discovery of the role of genes in regulating biochemical even ...
(1903–1989), US
Neurospora ''Neurospora'' is a genus of Ascomycete fungi. The genus name, meaning "nerve spore" refers to the characteristic striations on the spores that resemble axons. The best known species in this genus is ''Neurospora crassa'', a common model organi ...
geneticist and
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
-winner *
Peter Emil Becker Peter Emil Becker (23 November 1908 – 7 October 2000) was a German neurologist, psychiatrist and geneticist. He is remembered for his studies of muscular dystrophies. Becker's muscular dystrophy (OMIM 300376) and Becker myotonia (OMIM 255700) a ...
(1908–2000), German human geneticist, described
Becker's muscular dystrophy Becker muscular dystrophy is an X-linked recessive inherited disorder characterized by slowly progressing muscle weakness of the legs and pelvis. It is a type of dystrophinopathy. This is caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene, which encodes ...
*
Jon Beckwith Jonathan Roger Beckwith (born December 25, 1935, in Cambridge, Massachusetts) is an American microbiologist and geneticist. He is the American Cancer Society Professor in the Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology at Harvard Medical School ...
(born 1935), US microbiologist and geneticist, isolated first gene from a bacterial chromosome * Peter Beighton (born 1934), UK/South Africa medical geneticist *
Julia Bell Julia Bell (28 January 1879 – 26 April 1979) was a pioneering English human geneticist.Greta Jones, 'Bell, Julia (1879–1979)', ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', Oxford University Press, Sept 2004; online edn, Jan 200accessed 10 M ...
(1879–1979), English geneticist who documented inheritance of many diseases *
John Belling John Belling (7 October 1866–28 February 1933) was a cytogeneticist who developed the iron-acetocarmine staining technique which is used in the study of chromosomes. Born in Aldershot in England in 1866, the son of John Belling (1827–1 ...
(1866–1933), English
cytogeneticist Cytogenetics is essentially a branch of genetics, but is also a part of cell biology/cytology (a subdivision of human anatomy), that is concerned with how the chromosomes relate to cell behaviour, particularly to their behaviour during mitosis a ...
who developed staining technique for
chromosome A chromosome is a long DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism. In most chromosomes the very long thin DNA fibers are coated with packaging proteins; in eukaryotic cells the most important of these proteins are ...
s *
Baruj Benacerraf Baruj Benacerraf (; October 29, 1920 – August 2, 2011) was a Venezuelan-American immunologist, who shared the 1980 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the "discovery of the major histocompatibility complex genes which encode cell s ...
(1920–2011), Venezuelan-US immunologist who won
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
for
human leukocyte antigen The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system or complex is a complex of genes on chromosome 6 in humans which encode cell-surface proteins responsible for the regulation of the immune system. The HLA system is also known as the human version of th ...
system *
Kurt Benirschke Kurt Benirschke (May 26, 1924 – September 10, 2018) was a German-American pathologist, geneticist and expert on the placenta and reproduction in humans and myriad mammalian species. At the San Diego Zoo, he created the world's first frozen zoo ...
(1924–2018), German-US pathologist, comparative cytogenetics, twinning in armadillos *
Seymour Benzer Seymour Benzer (October 15, 1921 – November 30, 2007) was an American physicist, molecular biologist and behavioral geneticist. His career began during the molecular biology revolution of the 1950s, and he eventually rose to prominence in the ...
(1921–2007), US molecular biologist and pioneer of neurogenetics *
Dorothea Bennett Dorothea Bennett (December 27, 1929 in Honolulu, Hawaii – August 16, 1990 in Houston, Texas) was a geneticist, known for the genetics of early mammalian development and for research into mammalian sperm surface structures and their role in ...
(1929–1990), US geneticist, Pioneer of developmental genetics *
Paul Berg Paul Berg (born June 30, 1926) is an American biochemist and professor emeritus at Stanford University. He was the recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1980, along with Walter Gilbert and Frederick Sanger. The award recognized their con ...
(1926–2023), US biochemist and
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
-winner for basic research on
nucleic acid Nucleic acids are biopolymers, macromolecules, essential to all known forms of life. They are composed of nucleotides, which are the monomers made of three components: a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base. The two main cl ...
s *
J. D. Bernal John Desmond Bernal (; 10 May 1901 – 15 September 1971) was an Irish scientist who pioneered the use of X-ray crystallography in molecular biology. He published extensively on the history of science. In addition, Bernal wrote popular boo ...
(1901–1971), Irish physicist and pioneer X-ray crystallographer * James Birchler, Drosophila and Maize geneticists and cytogenticist. *
J. Michael Bishop John Michael Bishop (born February 22, 1936) is an American immunologist and microbiologist who shared the 1989 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Harold E. Varmus and was co-winner of 1984 Alfred P. Sloan Prize. He serves as an activ ...
(born 1936), US microbial immunogeneticist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
-winner for
oncogenes An oncogene is a gene that has the potential to cause cancer. In tumor cells, these genes are often mutated, or expressed at high levels.
*
Elizabeth Blackburn Elizabeth Helen Blackburn, (born 26 November 1948) is an Australian-American Nobel laureate who is the former president of the Salk Institute for Biological Studies. Previously she was a biological researcher at the University of California, S ...
(born 1948), Australo-US biologist,
Lasker Award The Lasker Awards have been awarded annually since 1945 to living persons who have made major contributions to medical science or who have performed public service on behalf of medicine. They are administered by the Lasker Foundation, which was f ...
and
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
for
telomere A telomere (; ) is a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences associated with specialized proteins at the ends of linear chromosomes. Although there are different architectures, telomeres, in a broad sense, are a widespread genetic feature mos ...
s and
telomerase Telomerase, also called terminal transferase, is a ribonucleoprotein that adds a species-dependent telomere repeat sequence to the 3' end of telomeres. A telomere is a region of repetitive sequences at each end of the chromosomes of most euka ...
*
Günter Blobel Günter Blobel (; May 21, 1936 – February 18, 2018) was a Silesian German and American biologist and 1999 Nobel Prize laureate in Physiology for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in t ...
(1936–2018), German-US biologist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
for
protein targeting :''This article deals with protein targeting in eukaryotes unless specified otherwise.'' Protein targeting or protein sorting is the biological mechanism by which proteins are transported to their appropriate destinations within or outside the ce ...
(address tags on proteins) * David Blow (1931–2004), British biophysicist who helped develop
X-ray crystallography X-ray crystallography is the experimental science determining the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal, in which the crystalline structure causes a beam of incident X-rays to diffract into many specific directions. By measuring the angles ...
of
protein Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, respo ...
s *
Baruch Blumberg Baruch Samuel Blumberg (July 28, 1925 April 5, 2011), known as Barry Blumberg, was an American physician, geneticist, and co-recipient of the 1976 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (with Daniel Carleton Gajdusek), for his work on the hepat ...
(Barry Blumberg) (1925–2011), US physician and
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
-winner on
hepatitis B Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the ''Hepatitis B virus'' (HBV) that affects the liver; it is a type of viral hepatitis. It can cause both acute and chronic infection. Many people have no symptoms during an initial infection. Fo ...
*
Julia Bodmer Lady Julia Gwynaeth Bodmer (born Julia Pilkington; 31 July 1934 – 29 January 2001) was a British geneticist and trained economist. Involved in the discovery and definition of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system of genetic markers, Bodmer b ...
(1934–2001), British geneticist, key figure in discovery and definition of the HLA system *
Walter Bodmer Sir Walter Fred Bodmer (born 10 January 1936) is a German-born British human geneticist. Early life Bodmer was born in Frankfurt, Germany. He was educated at Manchester Grammar School and went on to study the Mathematical Tripos at the Univ ...
(born 1936), German-UK human population geneticist, immunogeneticist, cancer research * James Bonner (1910–1996), far-ranging US molecular biologist, into
histone In biology, histones are highly basic proteins abundant in lysine and arginine residues that are found in eukaryotic cell nuclei. They act as spools around which DNA winds to create structural units called nucleosomes. Nucleosomes in turn are wr ...
s,
chromatin Chromatin is a complex of DNA and protein found in eukaryotic cells. The primary function is to package long DNA molecules into more compact, denser structures. This prevents the strands from becoming tangled and also plays important roles in r ...
,
nucleic acid Nucleic acids are biopolymers, macromolecules, essential to all known forms of life. They are composed of nucleotides, which are the monomers made of three components: a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base. The two main cl ...
s *
David Botstein David Botstein (born September 8, 1942) is an American biologist serving as the chief scientific officer of Calico. He served as the director of the Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics at Princeton University from 2003 to 2013, where ...
(born 1942), Swiss-born US molecular geneticist, brother of
Leon Botstein Leon Botstein (born December 14, 1946 in Zürich, Switzerland) is a Swiss-American conducting, conductor, educator, and scholar serving as the President of Bard College. Biography 1946–1975: Early life, education, and career Botstein was ...
*
Theodor Boveri Theodor Heinrich Boveri (12 October 1862 – 15 October 1915) was a German zoologist, comparative anatomist and co-founder of modern cytology. He was notable for the first hypothesis regarding cellular processes that cause cancer, and for describ ...
(1862–1915), German biologist and cytogeneticist * Peter Bowen (1932–1988), Canadian medical geneticist *
Herb Boyer Herbert Wayne "Herb" Boyer (born July 10, 1936) is an American biotechnologist, researcher and entrepreneur in biotechnology. Along with Stanley N. Cohen and Paul Berg he discovered a method to coax bacteria into producing foreign proteins, ther ...
(born 1936), US, created transgenic bacteria inserting human insulin gene into
E. coli ''Escherichia coli'' (),Wells, J. C. (2000) Longman Pronunciation Dictionary. Harlow ngland Pearson Education Ltd. also known as ''E. coli'' (), is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped, coliform bacterium of the genus ''Escher ...
*
Paul D. Boyer Paul Delos Boyer (July 31, 1918 – June 2, 2018) was an American biochemist, analytical chemist, and a professor of chemistry at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA). He shared the 1997 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for research on the " enzy ...
(1918–2018), US biochemist and
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
-winner *
Jean Brachet Jean Louis Auguste Brachet (19 March 1909 – 10 August 1988) was a Belgian biochemist who made a key contribution in understanding the role of RNA. Life Brachet was born in Etterbeek near Brussels in Belgium, the son of Albert Brachet, ...
(1909–1998), Belgian biochemist, made key contributions to fathoming roles of
RNA Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation and expression of genes. RNA and deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA) are nucleic acids. Along with lipids, proteins, and carbohydra ...
*
Roscoe Brady Roscoe Owen Brady (October 11, 1923 – 13 June 2016) was an American biochemist. He attended the Pennsylvania State University and obtained his M.D. degree from Harvard Medical School in 1947. He interned at the Hospital of the University of P ...
(1923–2016), US physician-scientist at
NIH The National Institutes of Health, commonly referred to as NIH (with each letter pronounced individually), is the primary agency of the United States government responsible for biomedical and public health research. It was founded in the late ...
, studies of genetic neurological metabolic disorders *
Sydney Brenner Sydney Brenner (13 January 1927 – 5 April 2019) was a South African biologist. In 2002, he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with H. Robert Horvitz and Sir John E. Sulston. Brenner made significant contributions to work ...
(1927–2019), British molecular biologist and
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
-winner *
Calvin Bridges Calvin Blackman Bridges (January 11, 1889 – December 27, 1938) was an American scientist known for his contributions to the field of genetics. Along with Alfred Sturtevant and H.J. Muller, Bridges was part of Thomas Hunt Morgan's famous "Fly R ...
(1889–1938), US geneticist,
non-disjunction Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division (mitosis/meiosis). There are three forms of nondisjunction: failure of a pair of homologous chromosomes to separate in meiosis I ...
proof that chromosomes contain genes * R. A. Brink (1897–1984), Canadian-US plant geneticist and breeder, studied
paramutation In epigenetics, a paramutation is an interaction between two alleles at a single locus, whereby one allele induces a heritable change in the other allele. The change may be in the pattern of DNA methylation or histone modifications. The allele indu ...
,
transposon A transposable element (TE, transposon, or jumping gene) is a nucleic acid sequence in DNA that can change its position within a genome, sometimes creating or reversing mutations and altering the cell's genetic identity and genome size. Transpo ...
s *
Roy Britten Roy John Britten (1 October 1919 – 21 January 2012) was an American molecular biologist known for his discovery of repeated DNA sequences in the genomes of eukaryotic organisms, and later on the evolution of the genome. Early life and educati ...
(1919–2012) US molecular and evolutionary biologist, discovered and studied
junk DNA Non-coding DNA (ncDNA) sequences are components of an organism's DNA that do not genetic code, encode protein sequences. Some non-coding DNA is Transcription (genetics), transcribed into functional non-coding RNA molecules (e.g. transfer RNA, micro ...
* John Brookfield (born 1955), Drosophila population geneticist *
Michael Stuart Brown Michael Stuart Brown ForMemRS NAS AAA&S APS (born April 13, 1941) is an American geneticist and Nobel laureate. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Joseph L. Goldstein in 1985 for describing the regulation of choleste ...
(born 1941), US geneticist and
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
-winner on cholesterol metabolism *
Manuel Buchwald Manuel Buchwald, (born June 7, 1940) is a Canadian geneticist and academic. Born in Lima, Peru, he received a Bachelor of Arts degree ''summa cum laude'' in 1962 from Dartmouth College and a Ph.D. in 1967 from Brandeis University. He was a membe ...
(born 1940), Peruvian-born Canadian medical geneticist and molecular geneticist *
Linda Buck Linda Brown Buck (born January 29, 1947) is an American biologist best known for her work on the olfactory system. She was awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, along with Richard Axel, for their work on olfactory receptors. She ...
(born 1947), US biologist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
for post-doc work (with Axel) cloning
olfactory receptor Olfactory receptors (ORs), also known as odorant receptors, are chemoreceptors expressed in the cell membranes of olfactory receptor neurons and are responsible for the detection of odorants (for example, compounds that have an odor) which give ri ...
s * James Bull, US molecular biologist and
phage A bacteriophage (), also known informally as a ''phage'' (), is a duplodnaviria virus that infects and replicates within bacteria and archaea. The term was derived from "bacteria" and the Greek φαγεῖν ('), meaning "to devour". Bacterio ...
worker, evolution of sex determining mechanisms *
Luther Burbank Luther Burbank (March 7, 1849 – April 11, 1926) was an American botanist, horticulturist and pioneer in agricultural science. He developed more than 800 strains and varieties of plants over his 55-year career. Burbank's varied creations incl ...
(1849–1926), US botanist, horticulturist, pioneer in agricultural science *
Macfarlane Burnet Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet, (3 September 1899 – 31 August 1985), usually known as Macfarlane or Mac Burnet, was an Australian virologist known for his contributions to immunology. He won a Nobel Prize in 1960 for predicting acquired immune t ...
(1899–1985), Australian biologist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
for
immunological tolerance Immune tolerance, or immunological tolerance, or immunotolerance, is a state of unresponsiveness of the immune system to substances or tissue that would otherwise have the capacity to elicit an immune response in a given organism. It is induced by ...
*
Cyril Burt Sir Cyril Lodowic Burt, FBA (3 March 1883 – 10 October 1971) was an English educational psychologist and geneticist who also made contributions to statistics. He is known for his studies on the heritability of IQ. Shortly after he died, his s ...
(1883–1971), British educational psychologist, did debated mental and behavioral
twin study Twin studies are studies conducted on identical or fraternal twins. They aim to reveal the importance of environmental and genetic influences for traits, phenotypes, and disorders. Twin research is considered a key tool in behavioral genetics a ...


C

* John Cairns (1922–2018), UK physician-scientist, showed bacterial DNA one molecule with replicating fork * Allan Campbell (1929–2018), US microbiologist and geneticist, pioneering work on
phage A bacteriophage (), also known informally as a ''phage'' (), is a duplodnaviria virus that infects and replicates within bacteria and archaea. The term was derived from "bacteria" and the Greek φαγεῖν ('), meaning "to devour". Bacterio ...
lambda *
Howard Cann Howard Goodsell Cann (October 11, 1895 – December 18, 1992) was an American sportsman best known as the long-time men's basketball coach at New York University. He was also an Olympic shot putter and a college basketball and football player. ...
, US pediatrician and geneticist, human population genetics at
Stanford Stanford University, officially Leland Stanford Junior University, is a private research university in Stanford, California. The campus occupies , among the largest in the United States, and enrolls over 17,000 students. Stanford is considere ...
and CEPH in Paris * Antonio Cao (1929–2012), Italian pediatrician and medical geneticist, expert on the
thalassemia Thalassemias are inherited blood disorders characterized by decreased hemoglobin production. Symptoms depend on the type and can vary from none to severe. Often there is mild to severe anemia (low red blood cells or hemoglobin). Anemia can result ...
s *
Mario Capecchi Mario Ramberg Capecchi (born 6 October 1937) is an Italian-born molecular geneticist and a co-awardee of the 2007 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering a method to create mice in which a specific gene is turned off, known as knoc ...
(born 1937), Italian-born US molecular geneticist, co-invented the
knockout mouse A knockout mouse, or knock-out mouse, is a genetically modified mouse (''Mus musculus'') in which researchers have inactivated, or "knocked out", an existing gene by replacing it or disrupting it with an artificial piece of DNA. They are importan ...
,
Nobel Prize in Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded yearly by the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute for outstanding discoveries in physiology or medicine. The Nobel Prize is not a single prize, but five separate prizes that, according ...
, 2007 *
Elof Axel Carlson Elof Axel Carlson (born 1931) is distinguished teaching professor emeritus at State University of New York at Stony Brook, as well as an American geneticist and noted historian of science. Carlson earned his B.A. in 1953 from New York University, ...
(born 1931), US geneticist and eminent historian of science *
Rivka Carmi use both this parameter and , birth_date to display the person's date of birth, date of death, and age at death) --> , death_place = , death_cause = , body_discovered = , resting_place = , resting_place_coordinates = ...
(born 1948), Israeli pediatrician, geneticist, President of
Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU) ( he, אוניברסיטת בן-גוריון בנגב, ''Universitat Ben-Guriyon baNegev'') is a public research university in Beersheba, Israel. Ben-Gurion University of the Negev has five campuses: the ...
* Adelaide Carpenter (born 1944), a geneticist known for her research on recombination nodule * Hampton L. Carson (1914–2004), US population geneticist, studied
cytogenetics Cytogenetics is essentially a branch of genetics, but is also a part of cell biology/cytology (a subdivision of human anatomy), that is concerned with how the chromosomes relate to cell behaviour, particularly to their behaviour during mitosis an ...
and
evolution Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. These characteristics are the expressions of genes, which are passed on from parent to offspring during reproduction. Variation ...
of
Drosophila ''Drosophila'' () is a genus of flies, belonging to the family Drosophilidae, whose members are often called "small fruit flies" or (less frequently) pomace flies, vinegar flies, or wine flies, a reference to the characteristic of many species ...
* Tom Caskey (born c. 1938), US internist, human geneticist and entrepreneur; biochemical diseases *
Torbjörn Caspersson Torbjörn Oskar Caspersson (15 October 1910 – 7 December 1997) was a Swedish cytologist and geneticist. He was born in Motala and attended the University of Stockholm, where he studied medicine and biophysics. Contributions Caspersson made sev ...
(1910–1997), Swedish cytogeneticist, revealed human
chromosome banding A karyotype is the general appearance of the complete set of metaphase chromosomes in the cells of a species or in an individual organism, mainly including their sizes, numbers, and shapes. Karyotyping is the process by which a karyotype is disce ...
*
William B. Castle William Bainbridge Castle (November 30, 1814 – February 28, 1872) was an American politician of the Whig Party who served as the 11th and final mayor of Ohio City from 1853 to 1854 and the 14th mayor of Cleveland, Ohio from 1855 to 1856. Ca ...
(1897–1990), US
hematologist Hematology (American and British English spelling differences#ae and oe, always spelled haematology in British English) is the branch of medicine concerned with the study of the cause, prognosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases related to ...
, work on
hereditary spherocytosis Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is a congenital hemolytic disorder, wherein a genetic mutation coding for a structural membrane protein phenotype leads to a spherical shaping of erythrocytic cellular morphology. As erythrocytes are sphere-shaped (sp ...
,
sickle cell anemia Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a group of blood disorders typically inherited from a person's parents. The most common type is known as sickle cell anaemia. It results in an abnormality in the oxygen-carrying protein haemoglobin found in red blo ...
*
William E. Castle William Ernest Castle (October 25, 1867 – June 3, 1962) was an early United States, American geneticist. Early years William Ernest Castle was born on a farm in Ohio and took an early interest in natural history. He graduated in 1889 from Deni ...
(1867–1962), US
geneticist A geneticist is a biologist or physician who studies genetics, the science of genes, heredity, and variation of organisms. A geneticist can be employed as a scientist or a lecturer. Geneticists may perform general research on genetic processe ...
, inspired
T.H. Morgan Thomas Hunt Morgan (September 25, 1866 – December 4, 1945) was an American evolutionary biologist, geneticist, Embryology, embryologist, and science author who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1933 for discoveries elucidating t ...
, father of
William B. Castle William Bainbridge Castle (November 30, 1814 – February 28, 1872) was an American politician of the Whig Party who served as the 11th and final mayor of Ohio City from 1853 to 1854 and the 14th mayor of Cleveland, Ohio from 1855 to 1856. Ca ...
*
David Catcheside David Guthrie Catcheside FRS (31 May 1907 – 1 June 1994) was a British plant geneticist. He was educated at Strand School and King's College London (BSc). He was a Lecturer in Botany at King's College London from 1933 to 1936, and at the Uni ...
(1907–1994), UK plant geneticist, expert on
genetic recombination Genetic recombination (also known as genetic reshuffling) is the exchange of genetic material between different organisms which leads to production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found in either parent. In eukaryo ...
, active in Australia * Bruce Cattanach (1932–2020), UK mouse geneticist,
X-inactivation X-inactivation (also called Lyonization, after English geneticist Mary Lyon) is a process by which one of the copies of the X chromosome is inactivated in therian female mammals. The inactive X chromosome is silenced by being packaged into ...
and sex determination in mice *
Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza (; 25 January 1922 – 31 August 2018) was an Italian geneticist. He was a population geneticist who taught at the University of Parma, the University of Pavia and then at Stanford University. Works Schooling and po ...
(1922–2018), Italian population geneticist at
Stanford University Stanford University, officially Leland Stanford Junior University, is a private research university in Stanford, California. The campus occupies , among the largest in the United States, and enrolls over 17,000 students. Stanford is consider ...
*
Thomas Cech Thomas Robert Cech (born December 8, 1947) is an American chemist who shared the 1989 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Sidney Altman, for their discovery of the catalytic properties of RNA. Cech discovered that RNA could itself cut strands of RNA, ...
(born 1947), US biochemist who won
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
for catalytic functions of
RNA Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation and expression of genes. RNA and deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA) are nucleic acids. Along with lipids, proteins, and carbohydra ...
*
Aravinda Chakravarti Aravinda Chakravarti (born 6 February 1954, Calcutta) is a human geneticist and expert in computational biology, and Director of the Center For Human Genetics & Genomics at New York University. He was the 2008 President of the American Society ...
(born 1954), Indian-born
bioinformatician Bioinformatics () is an interdisciplinary field that develops methods and software tools for understanding biological data, in particular when the data sets are large and complex. As an interdisciplinary field of science, bioinformatics combine ...
studying genetic factors in common diseases *
Daniel Chamovitz Daniel Chamovitz (דניאל חיימוביץ; born April 18, 1963 ) is an American-born plant geneticist and the 7th President of Ben-Gurion University of the Negev in Beer-Sheva, Israel. Previously he was Dean of the George S. Wise Faculty of ...
(born 1963), discovered the
COP9 Signalosome COP9 (Constitutive photomorphogenesis 9) signalosome (CSN) is a protein complex with isopeptidase activity. It catalyses the hydrolysis of NEDD8 protein from the cullin subunit of Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRL). Therefore, it is responsible f ...
(CSN) complex *
Jean-Pierre Changeux Jean-Pierre Changeux (; born 6 April 1936) is a French neuroscientist known for his research in several fields of biology, from the structure and function of proteins (with a focus on the allosteric proteins), to the early development of the ner ...
(born 1936), French molecular
neurobiologist A neuroscientist (or neurobiologist) is a scientist who has specialised knowledge in neuroscience, a branch of biology that deals with the physiology, biochemistry, psychology, anatomy and molecular biology of neurons, neural circuits, and glial c ...
, studied
allosteric In biochemistry, allosteric regulation (or allosteric control) is the regulation of an enzyme by binding an effector molecule at a site other than the enzyme's active site. The site to which the effector binds is termed the ''allosteric site ...
proteins *
Erwin Chargaff Erwin Chargaff (11 August 1905 – 20 June 2002) was an Austro-Hungarian-born American biochemist, writer, Bucovinian Jew who emigrated to the United States during the Nazi Germany, Nazi era, and professor of biochemistry at Columbia University ...
(1905–2002), Austrian-born US biochemist, Chargaff's rules led to the
double helix A double is a look-alike or doppelgänger; one person or being that resembles another. Double, The Double or Dubble may also refer to: Film and television * Double (filmmaking), someone who substitutes for the credited actor of a character * ...
*
Brian Charlesworth Brian Charlesworth (born 29 April 1945) is a British evolutionary biologist at the University of Edinburgh, and editor of ''Biology Letters''. Since 1997, he has been Royal Society Research Professor at the Institute of Evolutionary Biology (IE ...
(born 1945), British evolutionary biologist, husband of
Deborah Charlesworth Deborah Charlesworth (née Maltby; born 1943) is a population geneticist from the UK, notable for her important discoveries in population genetics and evolutionary biology. Her most notable research is in understanding the evolution of recomb ...
*
Deborah Charlesworth Deborah Charlesworth (née Maltby; born 1943) is a population geneticist from the UK, notable for her important discoveries in population genetics and evolutionary biology. Her most notable research is in understanding the evolution of recomb ...
(born 1943), British evolutionary biologist, wife of
Brian Charlesworth Brian Charlesworth (born 29 April 1945) is a British evolutionary biologist at the University of Edinburgh, and editor of ''Biology Letters''. Since 1997, he has been Royal Society Research Professor at the Institute of Evolutionary Biology (IE ...
*
Martha Chase Martha Cowles Chase (November 30, 1927 – August 8, 2003), also known as Martha C. Epstein, was an American geneticist who in 1952, with Alfred Hershey, experimentally helped to confirm that DNA rather than protein is the genetic material o ...
(1927–2003), US biologist, with Hersey proved genetic material is DNA, not protein *
Sergei Chetverikov Sergei Sergeevich Chetverikov (russian: Серге́й Серге́евич Четверико́в; 6 May 1880 – 2 July 1959) was a Russian biologist and one of the early contributors to the development of the field of genetics. His research show ...
(1880–1959), Russian population geneticist *
Barton Childs Barton Childs (February 29, 1916 – February 18, 2010)
was an American
(1916–2010), US pediatrician, biochemical geneticist, philosopher of medical genetics *
George M. Church George McDonald Church (born August 28, 1954) is an American geneticist, molecular engineer, chemist, and a serial entrepreneur who is widely regarded as the "Founding Father of Genomics", and a pioneer in personal genomics and synthetic bio ...
(born 1954), US molecular geneticist, did first direct genomic sequencing with
Gilbert Gilbert may refer to: People and fictional characters * Gilbert (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters *Gilbert (surname), including a list of people Places Australia * Gilbert River (Queensland) * Gilbert River (South ...
*
Aaron Ciechanover Aaron Ciechanover ( ; he, אהרן צ'חנובר; born October 1, 1947) is an Israeli biologist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for characterizing the method that cells use to degrade and recycle proteins using ubiquitin. Biography Early ...
(born 1947),
Israel Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...
i biologist, won
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
for
ubiquitin Ubiquitin is a small (8.6 kDa) regulatory protein found in most tissues of eukaryotic organisms, i.e., it is found ''ubiquitously''. It was discovered in 1975 by Gideon Goldstein and further characterized throughout the late 1970s and 1980s. Fo ...
-mediated
protein degradation Proteolysis is the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids. Uncatalysed, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds is extremely slow, taking hundreds of years. Proteolysis is typically catalysed by cellular enzymes called proteases, ...
*
Bryan Clarke Bryan Campbell Clarke (24 June 1932 – 27 February 2014) was a British Professor of genetics, latterly emeritus at the University of Nottingham. Clarke is particularly noted for his work on apostatic selection (which is a term he coined ...
(1932–2014), British population geneticist, studied
apostatic selection Apostatic selection is a form of negative frequency-dependent selection. It describes the survival of individual prey animals that are different (through mutation) from their species in a way that makes it more likely for them to be ignored by the ...
and molecular evolution *
Cyril Clarke Sir Cyril Astley Clarke, KBE, FRCP, FRCOG, (Hon) FRC Path, FRS (22 August 1907 – 21 November 2000) was a British physician, geneticist and lepidopterist. He was honoured for his pioneering work on prevention of Rh disease of the newborn, a ...
(1907–2000), British medical geneticist, discovered how to prevent
Rh disease Rh disease (also known as rhesus isoimmunization, Rh (D) disease, and blue baby disease) is a type of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN). HDFN due to anti-D antibodies is the proper and currently used name for this disease as the ...
in newborns *
Jens Clausen Jens Christen (Christian) Clausen (March 11, 1891 – November 22, 1969) was a Danish-American botanist, geneticist, and ecologist. He is considered a pioneer in the field of ecological and evolutionary genetics of plants. Biography Clausen wa ...
(1891–1969), Danish-US botanist, geneticist, and
ecologist Ecology () is the study of the relationships between living organisms, including humans, and their physical environment. Ecology considers organisms at the individual, population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere level. Ecology overlaps wi ...
* Stanley Cohen (1922–2020), US neurobiologist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
for cell growth factors *
Francis Collins Francis Sellers Collins (born April 14, 1950) is an American physician-geneticist who discovered the genes associated with a number of diseases and led the Human Genome Project. He is the former director of the National Institutes of Health ( ...
(born 1950), US medical geneticist, gene cloner, director of Human Genome Institute * James J. Collins (born 1965), US bioengineer, pioneered synthetic biology and systems biology *
Robert Corey Robert Brainard Corey (August 19, 1897 – April 23, 1971) was an American biochemist, mostly known for his role in discovery of the α-helix and the β-sheet with Linus Pauling. Also working with Pauling was Herman Branson. Their discoveries we ...
(1897–1971), US biochemist,
α-helix The alpha helix (α-helix) is a common motif in the secondary structure of proteins and is a right hand-helix conformation in which every backbone N−H group hydrogen bonds to the backbone C=O group of the amino acid located four residues e ...
,
β-sheet The beta sheet, (β-sheet) (also β-pleated sheet) is a common motif of the regular protein secondary structure. Beta sheets consist of beta strands (β-strands) connected laterally by at least two or three backbone hydrogen bonds, forming a gen ...
and
atomic model Atomic theory is the scientific theory that matter is composed of particles called atoms. Atomic theory traces its origins to an ancient philosophical tradition known as atomism. According to this idea, if one were to take a lump of matter an ...
s for
protein Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, respo ...
s *
Carl Correns Carl Erich Correns (19 September 1864 – 14 February 1933) was a German botanist and geneticist notable primarily for his independent discovery of the principles of heredity, which he achieved simultaneously but independently of the botanist ...
(1864–1933), German botanist and geneticist, one of the re-discoverers of Mendel in 1900 * Lewis L. Coriell (1911–2001), US pioneer in culturing human cells * Diane W. Cox, Canadian medical geneticist and expert on
Wilson's disease Wilson's disease is a genetic disorder in which excess copper builds up in the body. Symptoms are typically related to the brain and liver. Liver-related symptoms include vomiting, weakness, fluid build up in the abdomen, swelling of the legs, ...
*
Harriet Creighton Harriet Baldwin Creighton (27 June 1909 – January 9, 2004) was an American botanist, geneticist and educator. Background Born in Delavan, Illinois, Creighton graduated from Wellesley College in 1929, and went on to complete her Ph.D. at Cor ...
(1909–2004), US botanist who with McClintock first saw
chromosomal crossover Chromosomal crossover, or crossing over, is the exchange of genetic material during sexual reproduction between two homologous chromosomes' non-sister chromatids that results in recombinant chromosomes. It is one of the final phases of geneti ...
*
Francis Crick Francis Harry Compton Crick (8 June 1916 – 28 July 2004) was an English molecular biologist, biophysicist, and neuroscientist. He, James Watson, Rosalind Franklin, and Maurice Wilkins played crucial roles in deciphering the helical struc ...
(1916–2004), English molecular biologist, neuroscientist, co-discoverer of the
double helix A double is a look-alike or doppelgänger; one person or being that resembles another. Double, The Double or Dubble may also refer to: Film and television * Double (filmmaking), someone who substitutes for the credited actor of a character * ...
*
James F. Crow James Franklin Crow (January 18, 1916 – January 4, 2012) was Professor Emeritus of Genetics at the University of Wisconsin–Madison and a prominent population geneticist whose career spanned from the modern synthesis to the genomic era. Some o ...
(1916–2012), US population geneticist and renowned teacher of genetics *
Lucien Cuénot Lucien Claude Marie Julien Cuénot (; 21 October 1866 – 7 January 1951) was a French biologist. In the first half of the 20th century, Mendelism was not a popular subject among French biologists. Cuénot defied popular opinion and shirked the “ ...
(1866–1951), French biologist, proved Mendel's rules apply to animals as well as plants * A. Jamie Cuticchia (born 1966), US geneticist, into human genome
informatics Informatics is the study of computational systems, especially those for data storage and retrieval. According to ACM ''Europe and'' ''Informatics Europe'', informatics is synonymous with computer science and computing as a profession, in which ...


D

* Mark Daly, American geneticist who identified genes associated with Crohn's disease, inflammatory bowel disease, autism and schizophrenia * David M. Danks (1931–2003), Australian pediatrician and medical geneticist, expert on
Menkes disease Menkes disease (MNK), also known as Menkes syndrome, is an X-linked recessive disorder caused by mutations in genes coding for the copper-transport protein ATP7A, leading to copper deficiency. Characteristic findings include kinky hair, growth ...
*
C. D. Darlington Cyril Dean Darlington (19 December 1903 – 26 March 1981) was an English biologist, cytologist, geneticist and eugenicist, who discovered the mechanics of chromosomal crossover, its role in inheritance, and therefore its importance to evoluti ...
(1903–1981), British biologist and geneticist, elucidated
chromosomal crossover Chromosomal crossover, or crossing over, is the exchange of genetic material during sexual reproduction between two homologous chromosomes' non-sister chromatids that results in recombinant chromosomes. It is one of the final phases of geneti ...
*
Charles Darwin Charles Robert Darwin ( ; 12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist, and biologist, widely known for his contributions to evolutionary biology. His proposition that all species of life have descended fr ...
(1809–1882), English naturalist and author of ''
On the Origin of Species ''On the Origin of Species'' (or, more completely, ''On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life''),The book's full original title was ''On the Origin of Species by Me ...
'' *
Kay Davies Dame Kay Elizabeth Davies One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where: (''née'' Partridge; born 1 April 1951) is a British geneticist. She is Dr Lee's Professor of Anatomy at the Universi ...
(born 1951), English geneticist, expert on
muscular dystrophy Muscular dystrophies (MD) are a genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of rare neuromuscular diseases that cause progressive weakness and breakdown of skeletal muscles over time. The disorders differ as to which muscles are primarily affe ...
*
Jean Dausset Jean-Baptiste-Gabriel-Joachim Dausset (19 October 1916 – 6 June 2009) was a French immunologist born in Toulouse, France. Dausset received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1980 along with Baruj Benacerraf and George Davis Snell fo ...
(1916–2009), French immunogeneticist and
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
-winner for the HLA system * Martin Dawson (1896–1945), Canadian-US researcher, confirmed and named genetic
transformation Transformation may refer to: Science and mathematics In biology and medicine * Metamorphosis, the biological process of changing physical form after birth or hatching * Malignant transformation, the process of cells becoming cancerous * Trans ...
*
Margaret Dayhoff Margaret Belle (Oakley) Dayhoff (March 11, 1925 – February 5, 1983) was an American physical chemist and a pioneer in the field of bioinformatics. Dayhoff was a professor at Georgetown University Medical Center and a noted research biochem ...
(1925–1983), US pioneer in
bioinformatics Bioinformatics () is an interdisciplinary field that develops methods and software tools for understanding biological data, in particular when the data sets are large and complex. As an interdisciplinary field of science, bioinformatics combi ...
of protein sequences and evolution *
Albert de la Chapelle Albert Fredrik de la Chapelle, MD, Ph.D (11 February 1933 – 10 December 2020) was a Finnish human geneticist, long-time head of Finland's first Department of Medical Genetics at the University of Helsinki, and subsequently professor of Human ...
(1933–2020), eminent Finnish medical geneticist, genetic predisposition to cancer *
Max Delbrück Max Ludwig Henning Delbrück (; September 4, 1906 – March 9, 1981) was a German–American biophysicist who participated in launching the molecular biology research program in the late 1930s. He stimulated physical science, physical scientist ...
(1906–1981), German-US scientist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
for genetic structure of viruses *
Charles DeLisi Charles Peter DeLisi (born December 9, 1941) is an American biomedical scientist and the Metcalf Professor of Science and Engineering at Boston University. He is noted for major contributions to the initiation of the Human Genome Project, for tr ...
(born 1941), US biophysicist, led the initiative that planned and launched the
Human Genome Project The Human Genome Project (HGP) was an international scientific research project with the goal of determining the base pairs that make up human DNA, and of identifying, mapping and sequencing all of the genes of the human genome from both a ...
* Emmanouil Dermitzakis (born 1972), Greek human geneticist known for research on the importance of non-coding DNA in evolution and disease risk *
Félix d'Herelle Felix may refer to: * Felix (name), people and fictional characters with the name Places * Arabia Felix is the ancient Latin name of Yemen * Felix, Spain, a municipality of the province Almería, in the autonomous community of Andalusia, ...
(1873–1949), Canadian-French microbiologist, discovered
phages A bacteriophage (), also known informally as a ''phage'' (), is a duplodnaviria virus that infects and replicates within bacteria and archaea. The term was derived from "bacteria" and the Greek φαγεῖν ('), meaning "to devour". Bacterio ...
, invented
phage therapy Phage therapy, viral phage therapy, or phagotherapy is the therapeutic use of bacteriophages for the treatment of pathogenic bacterial infections. This therapeutic approach emerged at the beginning of the 20th century but was progressively re ...
*
Hugo de Vries Hugo Marie de Vries () (16 February 1848 – 21 May 1935) was a Dutch botanist and one of the first geneticists. He is known chiefly for suggesting the concept of genes, rediscovering the laws of heredity in the 1890s while apparently unaware of ...
(1848–1935), Dutch botanist and one of the re-discoverers of Mendel's laws in 1900 * Carrie Derrick (1862–1941), Canadian geneticist, Canada's first female professor * M. Demerec (1895–1966), Croatian-US geneticist, directed
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) is a private, non-profit institution with research programs focusing on cancer, neuroscience, plant biology, genomics, and quantitative biology. It is one of 68 institutions supported by the Cancer Centers ...
*
Theodosius Dobzhansky Theodosius Grigorievich Dobzhansky (russian: Феодо́сий Григо́рьевич Добржа́нский; uk, Теодо́сій Григо́рович Добржа́нський; January 25, 1900 – December 18, 1975) was a prominent ...
(1900–1975), noted Ukrainian-US geneticist and evolutionary biologist *
John Doebley John F. Doebley is an American botanical geneticist whose main area of interest is how genes drive plant development and evolution. He has spent the last two decades examining the genetic differences and similarities between teosinte and maize and ...
, (born 1952), US geneticist, studies genes that drive development and evolution of plants * Peter Doherty (born 1940), Australian, won
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
for immune recognition of
antigen In immunology, an antigen (Ag) is a molecule or molecular structure or any foreign particulate matter or a pollen grain that can bind to a specific antibody or T-cell receptor. The presence of antigens in the body may trigger an immune response. ...
s *
Albert Dorfman Albert Dorfman (1916–1982) was an American biochemical geneticist, notable for discovery of the cause of Hurler's syndrome. He was also noted for his contributions to vaccine against Streptococcus infections. He also contributed to advances ag ...
(1916–1982), US biochemical geneticist, discovered cause of
Hurler's syndrome Hurler syndrome, also known as mucopolysaccharidosis Type IH (MPS-IH), Hurler's disease, and formerly gargoyle, gargoylism, is a genetic disorder that results in the buildup of large sugar molecules called glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in lysosomes. T ...
*
Gabriel Dover Gabriel A. Dover (13 December 1937 – 1 April 2018) was a British geneticist, best known for coining the term molecular drive in 1982 to describe a putative third evolutionary force operating distinctly from natural selection and genetic drift. ...
(1937–2018), British evolutionary geneticist *
Dennis Drayna Dennis T. Drayna (born 1952) is an American human geneticist known for his contributions to stuttering, human haemochromatosis, pitch, and taste. He is currently the Section Chief of Genetics of Communication Disorders at the U.S. National Inst ...
, (born 1952), American human geneticist most notable for discovering genetic causes of
stuttering Stuttering, also known as stammering, is a speech disorder in which the flow of speech is disrupted by involuntary repetitions and prolongations of sounds, syllables, words, or phrases as well as involuntary silent pauses or blocks in which the ...
* NT Dubinin (1907–1998), Russian biologist and geneticist * Bernard Dutrillaux (born 1940), French cytogeneticist,
chromosome banding A karyotype is the general appearance of the complete set of metaphase chromosomes in the cells of a species or in an individual organism, mainly including their sizes, numbers, and shapes. Karyotyping is the process by which a karyotype is disce ...
, comparative cytogenetics *
Christian de Duve Christian René Marie Joseph, Viscount de Duve (2 October 1917 – 4 May 2013) was a Nobel Prize-winning Belgian cytologist and biochemist. He made serendipitous discoveries of two cell organelles, peroxisome and lysosome, for which he shared ...
(1917–2013), Belgian cytologist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
for cell organelles (
peroxisome A peroxisome () is a membrane-bound organelle, a type of microbody, found in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. Peroxisomes are oxidative organelles. Frequently, molecular oxygen serves as a co-substrate, from which hydrogen pero ...
s,
lysosome A lysosome () is a membrane-bound organelle found in many animal cells. They are spherical vesicles that contain hydrolytic enzymes that can break down many kinds of biomolecules. A lysosome has a specific composition, of both its membrane prot ...
s)


E

*
Richard H. Ebright Richard High Ebright is an American molecular biologist. He is the Board of Governors Professor of Chemistry and Chemical Biology at Rutgers University and Laboratory Director at the Waksman Institute of Microbiology. Early life and education Eb ...
(born 1959), US bacterial geneticist, molecular mechanisms of
transcription Transcription refers to the process of converting sounds (voice, music etc.) into letters or musical notes, or producing a copy of something in another medium, including: Genetics * Transcription (biology), the copying of DNA into RNA, the fir ...
and
transcriptional regulation In molecular biology and genetics, transcriptional regulation is the means by which a cell regulates the conversion of DNA to RNA (transcription), thereby orchestrating gene activity. A single gene can be regulated in a range of ways, from alt ...
*
A.W.F. Edwards Anthony William Fairbank Edwards, FRS (born 1935) is a British statistician, geneticist and evolutionary biologist. He is the son of the surgeon Harold C. Edwards, and brother of medical geneticist John H. Edwards. He has sometimes been called ...
(born 1935), British statistician, geneticist, developed methods of
phylogenetic In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups o ...
analysis *
John Edwards Johnny Reid Edwards (born June 10, 1953) is an American lawyer and former politician who served as a U.S. senator from North Carolina. He was the Democratic nominee for vice president in 2004 alongside John Kerry, losing to incumbents George ...
(1928–2007), British medical geneticist and cytogeneticist who first described
trisomy 18 A trisomy is a type of polysomy in which there are three instances of a particular chromosome, instead of the normal two. A trisomy is a type of aneuploidy (an abnormal number of chromosomes). Description and causes Most organisms that reprodu ...
* Hans Eiberg (born 1945), Danish geneticist, discovered the
mutation In biology, a mutation is an alteration in the nucleic acid sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA. Viral genomes contain either DNA or RNA. Mutations result from errors during DNA or viral replication, mi ...
causing blue eyes * Eugene "Gene" J. Eisen (born 1938), US geneticist, experimental validation of the theory of genetic correlations; first to conduct a long-term selection experiment with transgenic mice * Jeff Ellis (born 1953), Australian scientist * R. A. Emerson (1873–1947), US plant geneticist, the main pioneer of corn genetics *
Sterling Emerson Sterling Howard Emerson was an American geneticist. Emerson was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1951. Life Sterling Howard Emerson was born on October 29, 1900 in Lincoln, Nebraska, the son of Rollins Adams Emerson and Harriet Hardin.
(1900–1988), US, biochemical genetics, recombination, son of R. A. Emerson *
Alan Emery Alan Eglin Heathcote Emery (born 1928) is a British medical geneticist, known for his study of muscular dystrophy. Emery began his working life in the King's Hussars, and graduated in biological sciences from University of Manchester. In 1 ...
(born 1928), British neuromuscular geneticist,
Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) is a type of muscular dystrophy, a group of heritable diseases that cause progressive impairment of muscles. EDMD affects muscles used for movement (skeletal muscles), causing atrophy, weakness and contra ...
*
Boris Ephrussi Boris Ephrussi (russian: Борис Самойлович Эфрусси; 9 May 1901 – 2 May 1979), Professor of Genetics at the University of Paris, was a Russo- French geneticist. Boris was born on 9 May 1901 into a Jewish family. His father, ...
(1901–1979), Russian-born French geneticist, created way to transplant
chromosome A chromosome is a long DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism. In most chromosomes the very long thin DNA fibers are coated with packaging proteins; in eukaryotic cells the most important of these proteins are ...
s * Robert C. Elston (born 1932), British-born American biostatistical genetics and genetic epidemiologist * Charlie Epstein (1933–2011), US medical geneticist, editor, developed mouse model for Down syndrome, wounded by the
Unabomber Theodore John Kaczynski ( ; born May 22, 1942), also known as the Unabomber (), is an American domestic terrorist and former mathematics professor. Between 1978 and 1995, Kaczynski killed three people and injured 23 others in a nationwide ...
* Eleazar Eskin, professor and Chair of the Department of Computational Medicine,
University of California, Los Angeles The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) is a public land-grant research university in Los Angeles, California. UCLA's academic roots were established in 1881 as a teachers college then known as the southern branch of the California St ...
*
Herbert McLean Evans Herbert McLean Evans (September 23, 1882 – March 6, 1971) was an American anatomist and embryologist best known for co-discovering Vitamin E. Education He was born in Modesto, California. In 1908, he obtained his medical degree from Johns Ho ...
(1882–1971), US anatomist, reported in 1918 humans had 48 chromosomes *
Martin Evans Sir Martin John Evans (born 1 January 1941) is an English biologist who, with Matthew Kaufman, was the first to culture mice embryonic stem cells and cultivate them in a laboratory in 1981. He is also known, along with Mario Capecchi and Olive ...
(born 1941), British scientist, discovered embryonic
stem cells In multicellular organisms, stem cells are undifferentiated or partially differentiated cells that can differentiate into various types of cells and proliferate indefinitely to produce more of the same stem cell. They are the earliest type o ...
and developed
knockout mouse A knockout mouse, or knock-out mouse, is a genetically modified mouse (''Mus musculus'') in which researchers have inactivated, or "knocked out", an existing gene by replacing it or disrupting it with an artificial piece of DNA. They are importan ...
* Cassandra Extavour,
Canadian American Canadian Americans is a term that can be applied to Citizenship of the United States, American citizens whose ancestry is wholly or partly Canadians, Canadian, or citizens of either country that hold dual citizenship. The term ''Canadian'' can ...
geneticist A geneticist is a biologist or physician who studies genetics, the science of genes, heredity, and variation of organisms. A geneticist can be employed as a scientist or a lecturer. Geneticists may perform general research on genetic processe ...
and Professor of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology at
Harvard University Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1636 as Harvard College and named for its first benefactor, the Puritan clergyman John Harvard, it is the oldest institution of higher le ...
*
Warren Ewens Warren John Ewens (born 23 January 1937 in Canberra) is an Australian-born mathematician who has been Professor of Biology at the University of Pennsylvania since 1997. (He also held that position 1972–1977.) He concentrates his research ...
(born 1937), Australian-US mathematical population geneticist,
Ewens's sampling formula In population genetics, Ewens's sampling formula, describes the probabilities associated with counts of how many different alleles are observed a given number of times in the sample. Definition Ewens's sampling formula, introduced by Warren Ewens ...


F

* Alexander Cyril Fabergé (1912–1988), Russian-born Anglo-American geneticist, grandson of
Carl Fabergé Carl may refer to: *Carl, Georgia, city in USA *Carl, West Virginia, an unincorporated community *Carl (name), includes info about the name, variations of the name, and a list of people with the name *Carl², a TV series * "Carl", an episode of tel ...
*
Arturo Falaschi Arturo Falaschi (21 January 1933, Rome – 1 June 2010, Montopoli in Val d'Arno) was an Italian geneticist. Biography He graduated in Medicine in 1957 from University of Milan and undertook two post doctoral studies. Firstly, with J. Adler and ...
(1933–2010), Italian geneticist, researched the origin of DNA replication * D. S. Falconer (1913–2004), Scottish quantitative geneticist, wrote textbook to the subject *
Darrel R. Falk Darrel R. Falk (born 1946) is an American biologist. He is Professor Emeritus of Biology at Point Loma Nazarene University and is the past president and a current senior advisor with BioLogos Foundation, an advocacy group that emphasizes compat ...
(born 1946), US biologist *
Stanley Falkow Stanley "Stan" Falkow (January 24, 1934 – May 5, 2018) was an American microbiologist and a professor of microbiology at Georgetown University, University of Washington, and Stanford University School of Medicine. Falkow is known as the father ...
(1934–2018), US microbial geneticist, molecular mechanisms of bacterial
pathogenesis Pathogenesis is the process by which a disease or disorder develops. It can include factors which contribute not only to the onset of the disease or disorder, but also to its progression and maintenance. The word comes from Greek πάθος ''pat ...
* Harold Falls (1909–2006), US ophthalmologic geneticist, helped found first genetics clinic in US * William C. Farabee (1865–1925), US anthropologist,
brachydactyly Brachydactyly (Greek βραχύς = "short" plus δάκτυλος = "finger"), is a medical term which literally means "short finger". The shortness is relative to the length of other long bones and other parts of the body. Brachydactyly is an in ...
is evidence of
Mendelism Mendelian inheritance (also known as Mendelism) is a type of biological inheritance following the principles originally proposed by Gregor Mendel in 1865 and 1866, re-discovered in 1900 by Hugo de Vries and Carl Correns, and later popularize ...
in humans *
Nina Fedoroff Nina Vsevolod Fedoroff (born April 9, 1942) is an American molecular biologist known for her research in life sciences and biotechnology, especially transposable elements or jumping genes. and plant stress response.Elder, Andy (Fall 2002Faces of ...
(born c. 1945), US plant geneticist, cloning of
transposable element A transposable element (TE, transposon, or jumping gene) is a nucleic acid sequence in DNA that can change its position within a genome, sometimes creating or reversing mutations and altering the cell's genetic identity and genome size. Transp ...
s, plant stress response *
Malcolm Ferguson-Smith Malcolm Andrew Ferguson-Smith, (born 5 September 1931) is a British geneticist. Early life and education Ferguson-Smith was born in Glasgow in 1931, the son of physician John Ferguson-Smith and educated at Stowe School. He graduated from the ...
(born 1931) UK cytogeneticist,
Klinefelter syndrome Klinefelter syndrome (KS), also known as 47,XXY, is an aneuploid genetic condition where a male has an additional copy of the X chromosome. The primary features are infertility and small, poorly functioning testicles. Usually, symptoms are su ...
, chromosome
flow cytometry Flow cytometry (FC) is a technique used to detect and measure physical and chemical characteristics of a population of cells or particles. In this process, a sample containing cells or particles is suspended in a fluid and injected into the flo ...
* Philip J. Fialkow (1934–1996), US internist, educator, research in
medical genetics Medical genetics is the branch tics in that human genetics is a field of scientific research that may or may not apply to medicine, while medical genetics refers to the application of genetics to medical care. For example, research on the caus ...
and
cancer genetics Oncogenomics is a sub-field of genomics that characterizes cancer-associated genes. It focuses on genomic, epigenomic and transcript alterations in cancer. Cancer is a genetic disease caused by accumulation of DNA mutations and epigenetic alterat ...
* Giorgio Filippi (1935–1996), Italian medical geneticist, researched diseases linked to
X chromosome The X chromosome is one of the two sex-determining chromosomes (allosomes) in many organisms, including mammals (the other is the Y chromosome), and is found in both males and females. It is a part of the XY sex-determination system and XO sex-d ...
* J. R. S. Fincham (1926–2005), UK microbial (
Neurospora ''Neurospora'' is a genus of Ascomycete fungi. The genus name, meaning "nerve spore" refers to the characteristic striations on the spores that resemble axons. The best known species in this genus is ''Neurospora crassa'', a common model organi ...
) and biochemical geneticist *
Gerald Fink Gerald Ralph Fink (born July 1, 1940) is an American biologist, who was Director of the Whitehead Institute at MIT from 1990–2001. He graduated from Amherst College in 1962 and received a Ph.D. from Yale University in 1965, having elucidated ...
(born 1941), US molecular geneticist, preeminent figure in the field of yeast genetics * Hilary Finucane, computational biologist with research focus on combining genetic data and molecular data to characterize mechanisms of disease *
Andrew Fire Andrew Zachary Fire (born April 27, 1959) is an American biologist and professor of pathology and of genetics at the Stanford University School of Medicine. He was awarded the 2006 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, along with Craig C. Mell ...
(born 1959), US geneticist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
with Mello for discovery of
RNA interference RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which RNA molecules are involved in sequence-specific suppression of gene expression by double-stranded RNA, through translational or transcriptional repression. Historically, RNAi was known by o ...
* Robert L. Fischer (born 1950), US geneticist, contributed to the understanding of genomic imprinting and
epigenetics In biology, epigenetics is the study of stable phenotypic changes (known as ''marks'') that do not involve alterations in the DNA sequence. The Greek prefix '' epi-'' ( "over, outside of, around") in ''epigenetics'' implies features that are "o ...
*
R. A. Fisher Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher (17 February 1890 – 29 July 1962) was a British polymath who was active as a mathematician, statistician, biologist, geneticist, and academic. For his work in statistics, he has been described as "a genius who ...
(1890–1962), British stellar statistician, evolutionary biologist, and geneticist * Ed Fischer (1920–2021), Swiss-US biochemist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
for
phosphorylation In chemistry, phosphorylation is the attachment of a phosphate group to a molecule or an ion. This process and its inverse, dephosphorylation, are common in biology and could be driven by natural selection. Text was copied from this source, wh ...
as switch activating
protein Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, respo ...
s *Eugen Fischer (1874–1967), German physician, anthropologist, eugenicist, influenced Nazi racial hygiene *Ivar Asbjørn Følling (1888–1973), Norwegian biochemist and physician who discovered phenylketonuria (Phenylketonuria, PKU) *E. B. Ford (1901–1988), British ecological geneticist, specializing in butterflies and moths *Charles Edmund Ford, Charles Ford (1912–1999), British pioneer in the golden age of mammalian cytogenetics *Ruth Fowler Edwards (1930–2013), British geneticist who helped develop controlled ovulation induction in the mouse *Heinz Fraenkel-Conrat (1910–1999), German-born US biochemist who studied tobacco mosaic virus *Rosalind Franklin (1920–1958), British crystallographer whose data led to discovery of
double helix A double is a look-alike or doppelgänger; one person or being that resembles another. Double, The Double or Dubble may also refer to: Film and television * Double (filmmaking), someone who substitutes for the credited actor of a character * ...
*Clarke Fraser (1920–2014), Canada's first medical geneticist, student of congenital malformations *Elaine Fuchs (born c. 1951), US cell biologist, molecular mechanisms of skin diseases, reverse genetics *Walter Fuhrmann (1924–1995), German medical geneticist, at Giessen University *Douglas J. Futuyma (born 1942), US evolutionary and ecological biologist


G

*Michael T. Gabbett (born 1974), Australian medical geneticist and academic, known for describing Temple–Baraitser syndrome and semi-identical twins, sesquizygotic twinning *Fred Gage (born 1950), US neuroscientist, studies of neurogenesis and neuroplasticity of the adult brain *Joseph G. Gall (born 1928), distinguished US cell biologist, chromosomes, created in situ hybridization *André Gallais, French specialist in quantitative genetics and Selective breeding, breeding methods theory *Francis Galton (1822–1911), British geneticist, eugenicist, statistician *George Gamow (1904–1968), Ukrainian-born American
polymath A polymath ( el, πολυμαθής, , "having learned much"; la, homo universalis, "universal human") is an individual whose knowledge spans a substantial number of subjects, known to draw on complex bodies of knowledge to solve specific pro ...
, proposed genetic code concept *Eldon J. Gardner (1909–1989), US professor of genetics in Utah, described Gardner's syndrome *Alan Garen (1926–2022), US, early molecular geneticist, Nonsense mutation, nonsense triplets terminating Transcription (genetics), transcription *Archibald Garrod (1857–1936), English physician, pioneered inborn error of metabolism, inborn errors, founded biochemical genetics *Stanley Michael Gartler, Stan Gartler (born 1923), US human geneticist, G6PD as X-linked marker, clonality of cancer, HeLa cells contaminating cell lines *Lihadh Al-Gazali (born 1948), Iraqi geneticist, research on congenital disorders in the United Arab Emirates *Luigi Gedda (1902–2000), Italian geneticist best known for his fascination with twin studies *Walter Gehring (1939–2014), Swiss, developmental genetics of
Drosophila ''Drosophila'' () is a genus of flies, belonging to the family Drosophilidae, whose members are often called "small fruit flies" or (less frequently) pomace flies, vinegar flies, or wine flies, a reference to the characteristic of many species ...
, discovered homeobox *Park S. Gerald (1921–1993), US medical geneticist, research on hemoglobins and
chromosome A chromosome is a long DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism. In most chromosomes the very long thin DNA fibers are coated with packaging proteins; in eukaryotic cells the most important of these proteins are ...
s *James L. German, US medical geneticist and cytogeneticist, pioneer on Bloom syndrome *Walter Gilbert (born 1932), US biochemist and molecular biologist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
-winner, entrepreneur *H. Bentley Glass (1906–2005), US geneticist, provocative science theorizer, writer, science policy maker *Salome Gluecksohn-Waelsch (1907–2007), German-born US co-founder of developmental genetics *Richard Goldschmidt (1878–1958), German-American, integrated genetics, development, and evolution * Joseph L. Goldstein (born 1940), US medical geneticist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
-winner on cholesterol *Richard M. Goodman (1932–1989), US-Israeli clinical geneticist, pioneered Jewish genetic diseases *Robert J. Gorlin (1923–2006), US oral pathologist, clinical geneticist, craniofacial syndrome expert *Irving I. Gottesman (1930–2016), US behavioral geneticist, used twin studies to analyze schizophrenia *Carol W. Greider (born 1961), US molecular biologist,
Lasker Award The Lasker Awards have been awarded annually since 1945 to living persons who have made major contributions to medical science or who have performed public service on behalf of medicine. They are administered by the Lasker Foundation, which was f ...
and
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
for
telomere A telomere (; ) is a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences associated with specialized proteins at the ends of linear chromosomes. Although there are different architectures, telomeres, in a broad sense, are a widespread genetic feature mos ...
s and
telomerase Telomerase, also called terminal transferase, is a ribonucleoprotein that adds a species-dependent telomere repeat sequence to the 3' end of telomeres. A telomere is a region of repetitive sequences at each end of the chromosomes of most euka ...
*Frederick Griffith (1879–1941), British medical officer who found transforming principle now called DNA *Lyn R. Griffiths, distinguished Australian molecular geneticist known for her work in neurogenetics *Clifford Grobstein (1916–1998), US scientist, bridged classical embryology and developmental biology *Jean de Grouchy (cytogeneticist), Jean de Grouchy (1926–2003), French pioneer of clinical
cytogenetics Cytogenetics is essentially a branch of genetics, but is also a part of cell biology/cytology (a subdivision of human anatomy), that is concerned with how the chromosomes relate to cell behaviour, particularly to their behaviour during mitosis an ...
and karyotype–phenotype correlation *Hans Grüneberg (1907–1982), British mouse geneticist and blood cell biologist *Pierre-Henri Gouyon (born 1953), French biologist specializing in genetics and bioethics *Elliot S. Goldstein, US geneticist at Arizona State University *Alexander Gusev (scientist), human geneticist with a focus on oncogenomics


H

*Ernst Hadorn (1902–1976), Swiss pioneer in developmental genetics, mentor of Walter Gehring *J. B. S. Haldane, JBS Haldane (1892–1964), brilliant British human geneticist and co-founder of population genetics *Benjamin D. Hall, Ben Hall, US geneticist, DNA:RNA hybridization, yeast production of genetically engineered
protein Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, respo ...
s *Judith Goslin Hall, Judy Hall (born 1939), dual American and Canadian charismatic clinical geneticist and dysmorphologist *Dean Hamer (born 1951) US geneticist, postulated gay gene and God gene for religious experience *John L. Hamerton, John Hamerton (1929–2006), UK-Canadian cytogeneticist, prenatal diagnosis, prenatal diagnostician, bioethicist *W. D. Hamilton (1936–2000), British evolutionary biologist and eminent evolutionary theorist *Philip Hanawalt, Phil Hanawalt (born 1931), US geneticist, discovered DNA repair replication *Anita Harding (1952–1995), UK neurologist, first mitochondrial DNA mutation in disease *G. H. Hardy (1877–1947), British mathematician, formulated Hardy–Weinberg law, basic law of population genetics *Henry Harpending (1944–2016), US anthropologist and human population geneticist *Harry Harris (geneticist), Harry Harris (1919–1994), British biochemical geneticist par excellence *Henry Harris (scientist), Henry Harris (1925–2014), Australian-born cell biologist, work on cancer and human genetics *Leland H. Hartwell, Lee Hartwell (born 1939), US yeast geneticist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
, "start" gene and cell cycle checkpoint, checkpoints in the cell cycle *Mogens Hauge (1922–1988), Danish medical geneticist and twin researcher *Donald Hawthorne (1926–2003), US, major contributor to yeast genetics, centromere-linked gene maps *William Hayes (geneticist), William Hayes (1918–1994), Australian physician, microbiologist and geneticist, bacterial conjugation *Robert Haynes (1931–1998), Canadian geneticist and biophysicist, work on DNA repair and
mutagenesis Mutagenesis () is a process by which the genetic information of an organism is changed by the production of a mutation. It may occur spontaneously in nature, or as a result of exposure to mutagens. It can also be achieved experimentally using la ...
*Frederick Hecht (born 1930), US clinical geneticist, cytogeneticist, coined term fragile site *Michael Heidelberger (1888–1991) US pioneer of modern immunology, won two
Lasker Award The Lasker Awards have been awarded annually since 1945 to living persons who have made major contributions to medical science or who have performed public service on behalf of medicine. They are administered by the Lasker Foundation, which was f ...
s *Martin Heisenberg (born 1940), German geneticist,
neurobiologist A neuroscientist (or neurobiologist) is a scientist who has specialised knowledge in neuroscience, a branch of biology that deals with the physiology, biochemistry, psychology, anatomy and molecular biology of neurons, neural circuits, and glial c ...
, genetic study of brain of
Drosophila ''Drosophila'' () is a genus of flies, belonging to the family Drosophilidae, whose members are often called "small fruit flies" or (less frequently) pomace flies, vinegar flies, or wine flies, a reference to the characteristic of many species ...
*Charles Roy Henderson, (1911–1989), US animal geneticist, basis for genetic evaluation of livestock, developed statistical methods used in animal breeding *Alfred Day Hershey, Al Hershey (1908–1997), US bacterial geneticist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
largely for Hershey–Chase experiment *Ira Herskowitz (1946–2003), US
phage A bacteriophage (), also known informally as a ''phage'' (), is a duplodnaviria virus that infects and replicates within bacteria and archaea. The term was derived from "bacteria" and the Greek φαγεῖν ('), meaning "to devour". Bacterio ...
and yeast geneticist, genetic regulatory circuits and mechanisms *Len Herzenberg (1931–2013), US human geneticist, immunologist, cell biologist and cell sorter *Avram Hershko (born 1937), Israeli biologist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
for
ubiquitin Ubiquitin is a small (8.6 kDa) regulatory protein found in most tissues of eukaryotic organisms, i.e., it is found ''ubiquitously''. It was discovered in 1975 by Gideon Goldstein and further characterized throughout the late 1970s and 1980s. Fo ...
-mediated
protein degradation Proteolysis is the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids. Uncatalysed, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds is extremely slow, taking hundreds of years. Proteolysis is typically catalysed by cellular enzymes called proteases, ...
*Kurt Hirschhorn (born 1926), Viennese-born American pediatrician, medical geneticist, cytogeneticist; described Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome *Mahlon Hoagland (1921–2009), US physician and biochemist, co-discovered tRNA with Paul Zamecnik *Dorothy Hodgkin (1910–1994), British founder of
protein Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, respo ...
crystallography and
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
winner *Robert W. Holley (1922–1993), US biochemist, structure of transfer RNA,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
*Leroy Hood (born 1938), US molecular biotechnologist, created DNA and
protein Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, respo ...
sequencers and Biosynthesis, synthesizers *Norman Horowitz (geneticist), Norman Horowitz (1915–2005), US geneticist, one gene-one enzyme, chemical
evolution Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. These characteristics are the expressions of genes, which are passed on from parent to offspring during reproduction. Variation ...
, space biology *H. Robert Horvitz (born 1947), US cell biologist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
for programmed cell death *David E. Housman, US molecular biologist, genetic basis of trinucleotide repeat diseases and cancer *Martha M. Howe, US
phage A bacteriophage (), also known informally as a ''phage'' (), is a duplodnaviria virus that infects and replicates within bacteria and archaea. The term was derived from "bacteria" and the Greek φαγεῖν ('), meaning "to devour". Bacterio ...
geneticist, notable contributions to the study of phage Mu *T. C. Hsu (1917–2003), distinguished Chinese-American cell biologist, geneticist, cytogeneticist *Thomas J. Hudson (born 1961), Canadian genome scientist, maps of human and mouse genomes *David Hungerford (1927–1993), US co-discoverer of Philadelphia chromosome in BCR gene, CML *Tim Hunt (born 1943), UK biochemist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
for discovery of cyclins in cell cycle control *Charles Leonard Huskins (1897–1953), English-born Canadian cytogeneticist at McGill University and University of Wisconsin–Madison


I

*Harvey Itano (1920–2010), American biochemist and pioneer in the study of sickle cell disease


J

*François Jacob (1920–2013), French biologist, won
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
for bacterial gene control *Patricia A. Jacobs (born 1934), Scottish human geneticist and cytogeneticist *Albert Jacquard (1925–2013), French geneticist, essayist, humanist, activist *Rudolf Jaenisch (born 1942), German cell biologist, created transgenic mice, leader in therapeutic cloning *Richard Anthony Jefferson, Richard Jefferson (born 1956), US molecular plant biologist in Australia, GUS reporter system, reporter gene system GUS *Alec Jeffreys (born 1950), British geneticist, developed DNA fingerprinting and DNA profiling techniques *Niels Kaj Jerne (1911–1994), Danish, greatest theoretician in modern immunology,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
*Elizabeth W. Jones (1939–2008) US yeast geneticist, first to complete the University of Washington graduate genetics program *Wilhelm Johannsen (1857–1927), Danish botanist who in 1909 coined the word "gene" *Jonathan D. G. Jones (born 1954), British plant molecular biologist *Steve Jones (biologist), Steve Jones (born 1944), British evolutionary geneticist and malacologist *Christian Jung (born 1956), German plant geneticist and molecular biologist


K

*Dronamraju Krishna Rao (1937–2020), Indian born geneticist, founder of Foundation of Genetic Research *Elvin Kabat (1914–2000) US immunochemist, a founder of modern immunology, antibody-combining sites *Henrik Kacser (1918–1995), Romanian-born UK biochemist and geneticist, worked on metabolic control *Axel Kahn (1944–2021), French scientist and geneticist, known for work on genetically modified plants *Patricia Kailis (1933–2020), Australian geneticist *Franz Josef Kallmann (1897–1965), German-US psychiatrist, pioneer in genetics of psychiatric diseases *Wojciech Karlowski (born 1966), Polish molecular biologist specializing in molecular genetics and genomics *Gopinath Kartha (1927–1984), Indian biophysicist, co-discovered triple-helix structure of collagen *Berwind P. Kaufmann (1897–1975), US botanist, did research in basic plant and animal
cytogenetics Cytogenetics is essentially a branch of genetics, but is also a part of cell biology/cytology (a subdivision of human anatomy), that is concerned with how the chromosomes relate to cell behaviour, particularly to their behaviour during mitosis an ...
*John Kendrew (1917–1997), UK crystallographer, won
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
for structure of myoglobin *Cynthia Kenyon (born c. 1955), US molecular biologist, genetics of aging in the worm
C. elegans ''Caenorhabditis elegans'' () is a free-living transparent nematode about 1 mm in length that lives in temperate soil environments. It is the type species of its genus. The name is a blend of the Greek ''caeno-'' (recent), ''rhabditis'' (r ...
*Warwick Estevam Kerr (1922–2018) Brazilian expert in the genetics and sex determination of bees *Bernard Kettlewell (1907–1979), UK physician, lepidopterist, ecological geneticist, peppered moth *Seymour Kety (1915–2000), US neuroscientist, essential involvement of genetic factors in schizophrenia *Gobind Khorana (1922–2011), Indian-US molecular biologist, synthesized nucleic acids,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
*Motoo Kimura (1924–1994), influential Japanese mathematical biologist in theoretical population genetics *Mary-Claire King (born 1946), US human geneticist and social activist, identified breast cancer genes *David Klein (ophthalmologist), David Klein, (1908–1993), Swiss ophthalmologist and human geneticist *Harold Klinger (1929–2004), US pioneer on human chromosomes, founded journal ''Cytogenetics'' *Aaron Klug (1926–2018), Lithuania/South Africa/UK,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
for developing electron crystallography *Alfred G. Knudson, Al Knudson (1922–2016), US pediatric oncologist, geneticist, formulated Knudson hypothesis, two hit hypothesis of cancer *Georges J. F. Köhler (1946–1995), German,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
for hybridomas making monoclonal antibodies *Arthur Kornberg (1918–2007), US biochemist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
on DNA synthesis, father of Roger Kornberg *Roger Kornberg (born 1947), US biologist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
on eukaryotic Transcription (genetics), transcription *Hans Kornberg (1928–2019), German-UK biologist, studies of carbohydrate transport *Edwin Krebs, Ed Krebs (1918–2009), US biochemist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
for
phosphorylation In chemistry, phosphorylation is the attachment of a phosphate group to a molecule or an ion. This process and its inverse, dephosphorylation, are common in biology and could be driven by natural selection. Text was copied from this source, wh ...
as switch activating
protein Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, respo ...
s *Martin Kreitman, US geneticist known for the McDonald–Kreitman test that is used to infer adaptive evolution in population genetic studies *Eric Kremer, US molecular biologist, found trinucleotide repeat in fragile X, research now in
gene therapy Gene therapy is a medical field which focuses on the genetic modification of cells to produce a therapeutic effect or the treatment of disease by repairing or reconstructing defective genetic material. The first attempt at modifying human DN ...
*Shrawan Kumar, Indian-American geneticist, gene mapping and cloning, discovered Branchio-oto-renal syndrome, Branchio-Oto-Renal syndrome and Polycystic kidney disease, ADPKD2 genes *Henry G. Kunkel, Henry Kunkel (1916–1983), US immunologist, created starch gel electrophoresis to separate
protein Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, respo ...
s


L

*Bruce Lahn (born 1969), Chinese-born geneticist specializing in evolutionary changes of the human brain *Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744–1829), French naturalist, evolutionist, "inheritance of acquired traits" *Eric Lander (born 1957), US molecular geneticist, major contributor to
Human Genome Project The Human Genome Project (HGP) was an international scientific research project with the goal of determining the base pairs that make up human DNA, and of identifying, mapping and sequencing all of the genes of the human genome from both a ...
*Karl Landsteiner (1868–1943), Austrian-American pathologist, won
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
for Human blood group systems, blood group discoveries *André Langaney, French evolutionary geneticist *Derald Langham (1913–1991), US agricultural geneticist, the "father of sesame" *Samuel A. Latt, Sam Latt (1938–1988), US pioneer in molecular cytogenetics, fluorescent DNA chromosome probes *Philip Leder (1934–2020), US geneticist, method to decode genetic code, transgenic animals to study cancer *Esther Lederberg (1922–2006), US microbiologist and bacterial genetics pioneer *Joshua Lederberg (1925–2008), US molecular biologist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
, headed Rockefeller University *Jérôme Lejeune (1926–1994), French pediatrician, geneticist, discovered trisomy 21 in Down syndrome *Richard Lenski (born 1956), US biologist and
phage A bacteriophage (), also known informally as a ''phage'' (), is a duplodnaviria virus that infects and replicates within bacteria and archaea. The term was derived from "bacteria" and the Greek φαγεῖν ('), meaning "to devour". Bacterio ...
worker, did long-term
E. coli ''Escherichia coli'' (),Wells, J. C. (2000) Longman Pronunciation Dictionary. Harlow ngland Pearson Education Ltd. also known as ''E. coli'' (), is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped, coliform bacterium of the genus ''Escher ...
evolution experiment *Fritz Lenz (1887–1976), German geneticist and eugenicist, ideas influenced Nazi racial hygiene policies *Widukind Lenz (1919–1995), eminent German medical geneticist who recognized thalidomide syndrome *Leonard Lerman (1925–2012), US molecular biologist,
phage A bacteriophage (), also known informally as a ''phage'' (), is a duplodnaviria virus that infects and replicates within bacteria and archaea. The term was derived from "bacteria" and the Greek φαγεῖν ('), meaning "to devour". Bacterio ...
worker, mentor of
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
-winner
Sidney Altman Sidney Altman (May 7, 1939 – April 5, 2022) was a Canadian-American molecular biologist, who was the Sterling Professor of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and Chemistry at Yale University. In 1989, he shared the Nobel Prize in ...
*I. Michael Lerner (1910–1977), Russian-US contributor to population, quantitative and evolutionary genetics *Albert Levan (1905–1998), Swedist geneticist, co-authored report that humans have 46 chromosomes *Cyrus Levinthal (1922–1990), US molecular geneticist,
DNA replication In molecular biology, DNA replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule. DNA replication occurs in all living organisms acting as the most essential part for biological inheritanc ...
, mRNA, molecular graphics *Edward B. Lewis (1918–2004), US founder of developmental genetics and
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
-winner *Richard Lewontin (1929–2021), US evolutionary biologist,
geneticist A geneticist is a biologist or physician who studies genetics, the science of genes, heredity, and variation of organisms. A geneticist can be employed as a scientist or a lecturer. Geneticists may perform general research on genetic processe ...
and social commentator *C. C. Li (1912–2003), eminent Chinese American population genetics, population geneticist and human genetics, human geneticist *Wen-Hsiung Li (born 1942), Taiwanese-American, molecular evolution, population genetics, genomics *David Linder (1923–1999), US pathologist and geneticist, used G6PD as X-linked clonal tumor marker *Susan Lindquist (1949–2016), US molecular biologist studying effects of protein folding and heat-shock proteins *Jan Lindsten (born 1935), eminent Swedish medical geneticist, secretary general of the Nobel Assembly *Fritz Lipmann (1899–1986), German-American biochemist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
for co-discovery of coenzyme A *C. C. Little (1888–1971), US pioneer mouse geneticist, founded Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine *Richard Losick (born 1943), US molecular biologist, RNA polymerase, Transcription (genetics), gene transcription, bacterial development *Herbert A. Lubs, Jr., Herbert Lubs (born c. 1928), US internist, medical geneticist, described "marker X" (fragile X
chromosome A chromosome is a long DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism. In most chromosomes the very long thin DNA fibers are coated with packaging proteins; in eukaryotic cells the most important of these proteins are ...
) *Salvador Luria (1912–1991), Italian-American molecular biologist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
for bacteriophage genetics *Jay Lush (1896–1982), US animal geneticist who pioneered modern scientific animal breeding *Michael Lynch (geneticist), Michael Lynch (born 1951), US quantitative geneticist studying evolution, population genetics, and genomics *Mary F. Lyon (1925–2014), English mouse geneticist, noted
X-inactivation X-inactivation (also called Lyonization, after English geneticist Mary Lyon) is a process by which one of the copies of the X chromosome is inactivated in therian female mammals. The inactive X chromosome is silenced by being packaged into ...
and proposed Lyon hypothesis *David T. Lykken (1928–2006), US psychologist and behavioral geneticist known for twin studies *Trofim Lysenko (1898–1976), Soviet scientist, led vicious political campaign against genetics in USSR


M

*R. Ellen Magenis, Ellen Magenis (1925–2014), US medical geneticist and cytogeneticist, Smith–Magenis syndrome *Phyllis McAlpine (1941–1998), Canadian human geneticist and gene mapper *Maclyn McCarty (1911–2005), US co-discoverer that DNA is the genetic material *Barbara McClintock (1902–1992), US cytogeneticist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
for genetic transposons, transposition *William McGinnis, US molecular geneticist, found homeobox (Hox) genes responsible for basic body plan *Victor A. McKusick (1921–2008), US internist and clinical geneticist, organized human genetic knowledge *Colin Munro MacLeod, Colin MacLeod (1909–1972), Canadian-American co-discoverer that DNA is the genetic material *Tak Wah Mak (born 1946), Chinese-Canadian molecular biologist, co-discovered human T cell receptor genes *Gustave Malécot (1911–1998), French mathematician who influenced population genetics *Tom Maniatis (born 1943), US molecular biologist, gene cloning, regulation of gene expression *Clement Markert (1917–1999), eminent US biologist, discovered isozymes *Joan Marks, US social worker, principal architect of the profession of genetic counselor *Marco Marra (born 1966), Canadian scientist *Richard E. Marshall (1933–2016), US paediatrician, Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome, Greig's syndrome I, Marshall–Smith syndrome *John Maynard Smith (1920–2004), British evolutionary biologist and population geneticist *Ernst Mayr (1904–2005), leading German-born American evolutionary biologist *Peter Medawar (1915–1987), Brazilian-born English scientist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
for
immunological tolerance Immune tolerance, or immunological tolerance, or immunotolerance, is a state of unresponsiveness of the immune system to substances or tissue that would otherwise have the capacity to elicit an immune response in a given organism. It is induced by ...
*Craig C. Mello (born 1960), US geneticist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
for discovery of
RNA interference RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which RNA molecules are involved in sequence-specific suppression of gene expression by double-stranded RNA, through translational or transcriptional repression. Historically, RNAi was known by o ...
*Gregor Mendel (1822–1884), Bohemian monk who discovered laws of Mendelian inheritance *Carole Meredith, US geneticist who pioneered DNA typing to differentiate between grape varieties *Matthew Meselson (born 1930), US molecular geneticist, work on DNA replication, recombination, repair *Peter Michaelis (1900–1975), German plant geneticist, focused on cytoplasmic inheritance *Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin (1855–1935), Russian plant geneticist, scientific agricultural selection *Friedrich Miescher (1844–1895), Swiss biologist, found weak acid in white blood cells now called DNA *Margareta Mikkelsen (1923–2004), eminent German-born Danish human geneticist and cytogeneticist *Lois K. Miller (1945–1999), entomologist and molecular geneticist, studied insect viruses *O. J. Miller, US physician, human and mammalian genetics and chromosome structure and function *César Milstein (1927–2002), Argentine-UK,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
for hybridomas making monoclonal antibodies *Aubrey Milunsky (born c. 1936), South African-US physician, medical geneticist, writer, prenatal diagnosis *Alfred Mirsky (1900–1974), US pioneer in molecular biology, hemoglobin structure, constancy of DNA *Felix Mitelman (born 1940), Swedish cancer geneticist and cytogeneticist, catalog of chromosomes in cancer *Jan Mohr (1921–2009), eminent Norwegian-Danish pioneer in human gene mapping *Jacques Monod (1910–1976), French molecular biologist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
-winner *Lilian Vaughan Morgan (1870–1952), wife of T. H. Morgan and a fine geneticist in her own right *T. H. Morgan (1866–1945), head of the "fly room," first geneticist to win the
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
* Newton Morton, Newton E. Morton (1929–2018), population geneticist and genetic epidemiologist *Arno Motulsky (1923–2018), German-US
hematologist Hematology (American and British English spelling differences#ae and oe, always spelled haematology in British English) is the branch of medicine concerned with the study of the cause, prognosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases related to ...
who influenced
medical genetics Medical genetics is the branch tics in that human genetics is a field of scientific research that may or may not apply to medicine, while medical genetics refers to the application of genetics to medical care. For example, research on the caus ...
and founded pharmacogenetics *Arthur Mourant (1904–1994), British
hematologist Hematology (American and British English spelling differences#ae and oe, always spelled haematology in British English) is the branch of medicine concerned with the study of the cause, prognosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases related to ...
, first to examine worldwide Human blood group systems, blood group distributions *H. J. Muller (1890–1967), US
Drosophila ''Drosophila'' () is a genus of flies, belonging to the family Drosophilidae, whose members are often called "small fruit flies" or (less frequently) pomace flies, vinegar flies, or wine flies, a reference to the characteristic of many species ...
geneticist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
for producing mutations by X-rays *Hans J. Müller-Eberhard (1927–1998), German-US immunogeneticist, immunoglobulins and complement (biology), complement *Kary Mullis (1944–2019), US biochemist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) * Stefan Mundlos (born 1958), German geneticist, discovered genes responsible for skeletal development, and particularly effects of gene expression induced by abnormal gene position in a topologically associating domain


N

*Walter E. Nance (born 1933), US internist and geneticist, research on twins and genetics of deafness *Daniel Nathans (1928–1999), US microbiologist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
for
restriction endonuclease A restriction enzyme, restriction endonuclease, REase, ENase or'' restrictase '' is an enzyme that cleaves DNA into fragments at or near specific recognition sites within molecules known as restriction sites. Restriction enzymes are one class o ...
s *James V. Neel (1915–2000), distinguished human geneticist, founded first genetics clinic in the US *Fred Neidhardt, US microbiologist, pioneer in molecular physiology and proteomics of ''
E. coli ''Escherichia coli'' (),Wells, J. C. (2000) Longman Pronunciation Dictionary. Harlow ngland Pearson Education Ltd. also known as ''E. coli'' (), is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped, coliform bacterium of the genus ''Escher ...
'' *Oliver Evans Nelson, Jr., Oliver Nelson (1920–2001), US
maize Maize ( ; ''Zea mays'' subsp. ''mays'', from es, maíz after tnq, mahiz), also known as corn (North American and Australian English), is a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago. Th ...
geneticist, profound impact on agriculture and basic genetics *Walter Nelson-Rees (1929–2009), US cytogeneticist, confirmed HeLa cells contamination of other cell lines *Eugene W. Nester, US microbial geneticist, genetics of ''Agrobacterium'' (crown gall formation) *Carl Neuberg (1877–1956), early pioneer of the study of metabolism. *Hans Neurath (1909–2002), Austrian-US
protein Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, respo ...
chemist, helped set stage for proteomics *Marshall W. Nirenberg (1927–2010), US geneticist, biochemist and
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
-winner *Eva Nogales, Spanish biophysicist studying eukaryotic Transcription (genetics), transcription and translation initiation complexes *Edward Novitski (1918–2006), eminent US ''
Drosophila ''Drosophila'' () is a genus of flies, belonging to the family Drosophilidae, whose members are often called "small fruit flies" or (less frequently) pomace flies, vinegar flies, or wine flies, a reference to the characteristic of many species ...
'' geneticist, pioneer in chromosome mechanics *Paul Nurse (born 1949), UK biochemist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
for work on Cyclin-dependent kinase, CDK, a key regulator of the cell cycle *Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard (born 1942), German developmental biologist and
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
-winner *William Nyhan (born 1926), US pediatrician and biochemical geneticist, described Lesch–Nyhan syndrome


O

*Severo Ochoa (1905–1993), Spanish-American biochemist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
for work on the synthesis of
RNA Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation and expression of genes. RNA and deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA) are nucleic acids. Along with lipids, proteins, and carbohydra ...
*Susumu Ohno (1928–2000), Japanese-US biologist, evolutionary cytogenetics and molecular evolution *Tomoko Ohta (born 1933), Japanese scientist in molecular evolution, the nearly neutral theory of evolution *Clarence Paul Oliver, Pete Oliver (1898–1991), US geneticist, switched from
Drosophila ''Drosophila'' () is a genus of flies, belonging to the family Drosophilidae, whose members are often called "small fruit flies" or (less frequently) pomace flies, vinegar flies, or wine flies, a reference to the characteristic of many species ...
to human genetics *Olufunmilayo Olopade (born 1957), oncologist known for research on genetics of breast cancer and health disparities *Jane M. Olson (1952–2004), US genetic epidemiologist and biostatistician *Maynard Olson (born 1943), US geneticist, pioneered map of yeast genome and
Human Genome Project The Human Genome Project (HGP) was an international scientific research project with the goal of determining the base pairs that make up human DNA, and of identifying, mapping and sequencing all of the genes of the human genome from both a ...
*John M. Opitz, John Opitz (born 1935), German-American medical geneticist, expert on dysmorphology and syndromes *Harry Ostrer, US medical geneticist, studies origins of Jewish peoples *Ray D. Owen, Ray Owen (1915–2014), US geneticist, immunologist, found cattle blood groups and chimera (genetics), chimeric twin calves


P

*Svante Pääbo (born 1955), Swedish molecular anthropologist in Leipzig studying Neanderthal genome *David C. Page, David Page (born 1956), US physician and geneticist who mapped, cloned and sequenced the human Y chromosome *Theophilus Painter (1889–1969), US zoologist, studied fruit fly and human testis chromosomes *Arthur Pardee (1921–2019), US scientist who discovered restriction point in the cell cycle *Klaus Patau (1908–1975), German-American cytogeneticist, described trisomy 13 *John Thomas Patterson (geneticist), John Thomas Patterson (1878–1960), American embryologist and geneticist who studied isolating mechanisms *Andrew H. Paterson, US geneticist, research leader in plant genomics *Linus Pauling (1901–1994), eminent US chemist, won
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
s for chemical bonds and peace *Crodowaldo Pavan (1919–2009), Brazilian biologist, fly geneticist, and influential scientist in Brazil *Rose Payne (1909–1999), US transplant geneticist, key to discovery and development of HLA system *Raymond Pearl (1879–1940), US biologist, biostatistician, rejected eugenics *Karl Pearson (1857–1936), British statistician, made key contributions to genetic analysis *Caroline Pellew (1882–?), British geneticist *LS Penrose (1898–1972), British psychiatrist, human geneticist, pioneered genetics of mental retardation *Max Perutz (1914–2002), Austrian-British molecular biologist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
for structure of hemoglobin *Massimo Pigliucci (born 1964), Italian-US plant ecological and evolutionary geneticist. Winner of the Dobzhansky Prize. *Alfred Ploetz (1860–1940), German physician, biologist, eugenicist, introduced racial hygiene to Germany *Paul Polani (1914–2006), Trieste-born UK pediatrician, major catalyst of medical genetics in Britain *Charles M. Pomerat, Charles Pomerat (1905–1951), US cell biologist, pioneered the field of tissue culture *Guido Pontecorvo (1907–1999), Italian-born Scottish geneticist and pioneer molecular biologist *Alkes Price, American geneticist known for statistical methods to draw inference from genetic data, including genomic ancestry quantification and heritability estimation *George R. Price (1922–1975), brilliant but troubled US population geneticist and theoretical biologist *Peter Propping (1942–2016), German human geneticist, studies of epilepsy *Mark Ptashne (born 1940), US molecular biologist, studies of genetic switch,
phage A bacteriophage (), also known informally as a ''phage'' (), is a duplodnaviria virus that infects and replicates within bacteria and archaea. The term was derived from "bacteria" and the Greek φαγεῖν ('), meaning "to devour". Bacterio ...
lambda *Theodore Puck, Ted Puck (1916–2005), US physicist, work in mammalian and human cell culture, genetics, cytogenetics *R. C. Punnett, RC Punnett (1875–1967), early English geneticist, discovered linkage with
William Bateson William Bateson (8 August 1861 – 8 February 1926) was an English biologist who was the first person to use the term genetics to describe the study of heredity, and the chief populariser of the ideas of Gregor Mendel following their rediscove ...
, stimulated G. H. Hardy *Shaun Purcell, psychiatric geneticist who developed the PLINK genetic program


Q

*Lluis Quintana-Murci (born 1970), French-Spanish human population geneticist, human evolutionary genetics, evolution of immunity


R

*Michèle Ramsay, South African geneticist, single-gene disorders, epigenetics, complex diseases *Robert Race (1907–1984), British expert on blood groups, along with wife Ruth Sanger *Sheldon C. Reed (1910–2003), US pioneer in genetic counseling and behavioral genetics *G. N. Ramachandran (1922–2001) Indian biophysicist, co-discovered triple-helix structure of collagen *David Reich (geneticist), David Reich (born 1974), US, human population genetics and genomics, did humans and chimps interbreed? *Theodore Reich (1938–2003), Canadian-US psychiatrist, a founder of modern psychiatric genetics *Alexander Rich (1925–2015), US biologist, biophysicist, discovered Z-DNA and tRNA 3-dimensional structure *Rollin C. Richmond, US, evolutionary and pharmacogenetic studies of
Drosophila ''Drosophila'' () is a genus of flies, belonging to the family Drosophilidae, whose members are often called "small fruit flies" or (less frequently) pomace flies, vinegar flies, or wine flies, a reference to the characteristic of many species ...
, university administrator *Neil Risch, US human and population geneticist, studied torsion dystonia *Otto Renner (1883–1960), German plant geneticist, established maternal plastid inheritance *Marcus Rhoades (1903–1991), great maize (corn) geneticist and cytogeneticist *David L. Rimoin (1936–2012), Canadian–US medical geneticist, studied skeletal dysplasias *Richard J. Roberts, Richard Roberts (born 1943), British molecular biologist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
for introns and gene-splicing *Arthur Robinson (American pediatrician), Arthur Robinson (1914–2000), US pediatrician, geneticist, pioneer on sex chromosome anomalies *Herschel L. Roman (1914–1989), US geneticist, innovated in analysis in
maize Maize ( ; ''Zea mays'' subsp. ''mays'', from es, maíz after tnq, mahiz), also known as corn (North American and Australian English), is a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago. Th ...
and budding yeast *Irwin Rose (1926–2015), US biologist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
for
ubiquitin Ubiquitin is a small (8.6 kDa) regulatory protein found in most tissues of eukaryotic organisms, i.e., it is found ''ubiquitously''. It was discovered in 1975 by Gideon Goldstein and further characterized throughout the late 1970s and 1980s. Fo ...
-mediated
protein degradation Proteolysis is the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids. Uncatalysed, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds is extremely slow, taking hundreds of years. Proteolysis is typically catalysed by cellular enzymes called proteases, ...
*Leon E. Rosenberg, Leon Rosenberg (1933–2022), US physician-geneticist, molecular basis of inherited metabolic disease *David S Rosenblatt, Canadian geneticist *Peyton Rous (1879–1970), US tumor virologist and tissue culture expert,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
*Janet Rowley (1925–2013), US cancer cytogeneticist who found Ph chromosome due to Chromosomal translocation, translocation *Peter T. Rowley (1929–2006), US internist and geneticist, genetics of cancer and leukemia *Frank Ruddle (1929–2013), US biologist, somatic cell genetics, human gene mapping, paved way for transgenic mice *Ernst Rüdin (1874–1952), Swiss psychiatrist, geneticist and eugenicist who promoted racial hygiene *Elizabeth S. Russell (1913–2001), US mammalian geneticist, pioneering work on pigmentation, blood-forming cells, and germ cells *Liane B. Russell (1923–2019), Austrian-born US mouse geneticist and radiation biologist *William L. Russell (1910–2003), UK-US mouse geneticist, pioneered study of
mutagenesis Mutagenesis () is a process by which the genetic information of an organism is changed by the production of a mutation. It may occur spontaneously in nature, or as a result of exposure to mutagens. It can also be achieved experimentally using la ...
in mice


S

*Leo Sachs (1924–2013), German-Israeli molecular cancer biologist, colony-stimulating factors, interleukins *Ruth Sager (1918–1997), US geneticist, pioneer of cytoplasmic genetics, tumor suppressor genes *Joseph Sambrook (1939–2019), British viral geneticist *Avery A. Sandberg (1921–2016), US internist, discovered XYY in 1961, expert on chromosomes in cancer *Lodewijk A. Sandkuijl (1953–2002), Dutch expert on genetic epidemiology and statistical genetics *Laurence Sandler, Larry Sandler (1929–1987), US
Drosophila ''Drosophila'' () is a genus of flies, belonging to the family Drosophilidae, whose members are often called "small fruit flies" or (less frequently) pomace flies, vinegar flies, or wine flies, a reference to the characteristic of many species ...
geneticist, chromosome mechanics, devoted teacher *John C. Sanford (born 1950), US horticultural geneticist and intelligent design advocate *Frederick Sanger, Fred Sanger (1918–2013), UK biochemist, two
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
s, sequence of insulin, DNA sequencing method *Ruth Sanger (1918–2001), Australian expert on Human blood group systems, blood groups, along with husband Robert Race *Karl Sax (1892–1973), US botanist and cytogeneticist, effects of radiation on
chromosome A chromosome is a long DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism. In most chromosomes the very long thin DNA fibers are coated with packaging proteins; in eukaryotic cells the most important of these proteins are ...
s *Paul Schedl (born 1947), US molecular biologist, genetic regulation of developmental pathways in fruit fly *Albert Schinzel (born 1944), Austrian human geneticist, clinical genetics, karyotype-phenotype correlations *Werner Schmid (geneticist), Werner Schmid (1930–2002), Swiss pioneer in human cytogenetics, described cat eye syndrome *Gertrud Schüpbach (born 1950), Swiss-US biologist, molecular and genetic mechanisms in oogenesis *Charles Scriver (born 1930), Canadian pediatrician, biochemical genetics, biochemical geneticist, newborn metabolic screening *Ernie Sears (1910–1991), Wheat Geneticist who pioneered methods of transferring desirable genes from wild relatives to cultivated wheat in order to increase wheat's resistance to various insects and diseases *J. Edwin Seegmiller, Jay Seegmiller (1920–2006), US human biochemical geneticist, found cause of Lesch–Nyhan syndrome *Fred Sherman (scientist), Fred Sherman (1932–2013), US geneticist, one of the "fathers" and mentors of modern yeast genetics *Pak Sham, geneticist known for his work in psychiatric genomics *Larry Shapiro, US pediatric geneticist, lysosomal storage disorders, X chromosome inactivation *Lucy Shapiro (born 1940), US molecular geneticist, gene expression during the cell cycle, bacterium Caulobacter *Phillip Allen Sharp, Phillip Sharp (born 1944), US geneticist and molecular biologist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
for co-discovery of gene splicing *Philip Sheppard (biologist), Philip Sheppard (1921–1976), UK population geneticist, lepidopterist, human Human blood group systems, blood group researcher *G. H. Shull (1874–1954), US geneticist, made key discoveries including heterosis *Torsten Sjögren *Mark Skolnick (born 1946), US geneticist, developed Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs) for gene mapping, genetic mapping, and founded Myriad Genetics *Obaid Siddiqi (1932–2013), Indian neurogeneticist, pioneer on olfactory sense of fruit fly
Drosophila ''Drosophila'' () is a genus of flies, belonging to the family Drosophilidae, whose members are often called "small fruit flies" or (less frequently) pomace flies, vinegar flies, or wine flies, a reference to the characteristic of many species ...
*David Sillence (born 1944), Australian clinical geneticist, pioneered training of Australian geneticists, research in bone dysplasias, classified osteogenesis imperfecta *Norman Simmons (1915–2004), US, forgotten donor of pure DNA to Rosalind Franklin in
double helix A double is a look-alike or doppelgänger; one person or being that resembles another. Double, The Double or Dubble may also refer to: Film and television * Double (filmmaking), someone who substitutes for the credited actor of a character * ...
saga *Piotr Słonimski (1922–2009), Polish-Parisian yeast geneticist, pioneer of mitochondrial heredity *William S. Sly (born 1932), US biochemical geneticist, mucopolysaccharidosis type VII (Sly syndrome) *Cedric Smith (statistician), Cedric A. B. Smith (1917–2002), British statistician, made key contributions to statistical genetics *David Weyhe Smith, David W. Smith (1926–1981), US pediatrician, influential dysmorphologist, named fetal alcohol syndrome *Hamilton O. Smith, Hamilton Smith (born 1931), US microbiologist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
for
restriction endonuclease A restriction enzyme, restriction endonuclease, REase, ENase or'' restrictase '' is an enzyme that cleaves DNA into fragments at or near specific recognition sites within molecules known as restriction sites. Restriction enzymes are one class o ...
s *Michael Smith (chemist), Michael Smith (1932–2000), UK-born Canadian biochemist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
for site-directed mutagenesis *Oliver Smithies (1925–2017), UK/US molecular geneticist, inventor, gel electrophoresis, knockout mice *George Davis Snell, George Snell (1903–1996), US mouse geneticist, pioneer Organ transplant, transplant immunologist, won
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
*Lawrence H. Snyder (1901–1986), US pioneer in medical genetics, studied Human blood group systems, blood groups *Robert R. Sokal (1925–2012), Austrian-born US biological anthropologist and biostatistician. *Tracy M. Sonneborn (1905–1981), protozoan biologist and geneticist *Edwin Southern, Ed Southern (born 1938), UK molecular biologist, invented Southern blot and DNA microarray technologies *Hans Spemann (1869–1941) German embryologist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
for discovery of embryonic induction *David Stadler, US geneticist, mechanisms of mutation and recombination in
Neurospora ''Neurospora'' is a genus of Ascomycete fungi. The genus name, meaning "nerve spore" refers to the characteristic striations on the spores that resemble axons. The best known species in this genus is ''Neurospora crassa'', a common model organi ...
*Lewis Stadler, L. J. Stadler (1896–1954), eminent Us
maize Maize ( ; ''Zea mays'' subsp. ''mays'', from es, maíz after tnq, mahiz), also known as corn (North American and Australian English), is a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago. Th ...
geneticist, father of David Stadler *Franklin Stahl, Frank Stahl (born 1929), US molecular biologist, the Stahl half of the Meselson-Stahl experiment *David States, US geneticist and bioinformatician, computational study of human genome and proteome *G. Ledyard Stebbins (1906–2000), US botanist, geneticist and evolutionary biologist *Michael Stebbins, US geneticist, science writer, editor and activist *Emmy Stein (1879–1954), German botanist and geneticist *Joan A. Steitz (born 1941), US molecular biologist, pioneering studies of snRNAs and snRNPs (snurps) *Gunther Stent (1924–2008), German-born US molecular geneticist,
phage A bacteriophage (), also known informally as a ''phage'' (), is a duplodnaviria virus that infects and replicates within bacteria and archaea. The term was derived from "bacteria" and the Greek φαγεῖν ('), meaning "to devour". Bacterio ...
worker, philosopher of science *Curt Stern (1902–1981), German-born US
Drosophila ''Drosophila'' () is a genus of flies, belonging to the family Drosophilidae, whose members are often called "small fruit flies" or (less frequently) pomace flies, vinegar flies, or wine flies, a reference to the characteristic of many species ...
and human geneticist, great teacher *Nettie Stevens (1861–1912), US geneticist, studied chromosomal basis of sex and discovered XY basis *Miodrag Stojković (born 1964), Serbian geneticist, working in Europe on mammalian cloning *George Streisinger (1927–1984), US geneticist, work on bacterial viruses, frameshift mutations *Leonell Strong (1894–1982), US geneticist, mouse geneticist and cancer researcher *Alfred Sturtevant (1891–1970), constructed first genetic map of a
chromosome A chromosome is a long DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism. In most chromosomes the very long thin DNA fibers are coated with packaging proteins; in eukaryotic cells the most important of these proteins are ...
*John Sulston (1942–2018), UK molecular biologist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
for programmed cell death in
C. elegans ''Caenorhabditis elegans'' () is a free-living transparent nematode about 1 mm in length that lives in temperate soil environments. It is the type species of its genus. The name is a blend of the Greek ''caeno-'' (recent), ''rhabditis'' (r ...
*James B. Sumner (1887–1955), US biochemist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
, found enzymes can be crystallized *Maurice Super (1936–2006), South African-born UK pediatric geneticist, studied cystic fibrosis *Andrea Superti-Furga (born 1959), Swiss and Italian paediatrician and geneticist, studied disorder of connective tissue, skeletal dysplasias and malformation syndromes *Grant Sutherland (born 1945), Australian molecular cytogeneticist, pioneer on human fragile sites, human genome *Walter Sutton (1877–1916), US surgeon and scientist, proved chromosomes contained genes *David Suzuki (born 1936), Canadian
Drosophila ''Drosophila'' () is a genus of flies, belonging to the family Drosophilidae, whose members are often called "small fruit flies" or (less frequently) pomace flies, vinegar flies, or wine flies, a reference to the characteristic of many species ...
geneticist, science broadcaster and environmental activist *M. S. Swaminathan (born 1925), Indian agricultural scientist, geneticist, leader of Green Revolution in India *Bryan Sykes (1947–2020), British human geneticist, discovered ways to extract DNA from fossilized bones *Jack Szostak (born 1952), Anglo-US geneticist, worked on recombination, artificial chromosomes, and on
telomere A telomere (; ) is a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences associated with specialized proteins at the ends of linear chromosomes. Although there are different architectures, telomeres, in a broad sense, are a widespread genetic feature mos ...
s. He has been awarded a
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
for its work on telomeres.


T

*Jantina Tammes (1871–1947), Dutch geneticist, one of the first Dutch scientists to report on variability and evolution *Edward Tatum (1909–1975), showed genes control individual steps in metabolism *Joyce Taylor-Papadimitriou (born 1932), British molecular biologist and geneticist *Howard Temin (1934–1994), US geneticist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
for discovery of
reverse transcriptase A reverse transcriptase (RT) is an enzyme used to generate complementary DNA (cDNA) from an RNA template, a process termed reverse transcription. Reverse transcriptases are used by viruses such as HIV and hepatitis B to replicate their genomes, ...
*Alan Templeton (born c. 1948), US geneticist and biostatistician, molecular evolution, evolutionary biology *Joseph R. Testa (born 1947), US cancer geneticist and malignant mesothelioma biologist whose team cloned AKT genes and co-discovered the BAP1 tumor predisposition syndrome *Eeva Therman (1916–2004), Finnish-born US geneticist who helped characterize and find the molecular basis for trisomy 13 and
trisomy 18 A trisomy is a type of polysomy in which there are three instances of a particular chromosome, instead of the normal two. A trisomy is a type of aneuploidy (an abnormal number of chromosomes). Description and causes Most organisms that reprodu ...
*E. Donnall Thomas, Donnall Thomas (1920–2012), US physician,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
for bone marrow transplantation for leukemia *Nikolay Timofeev-Ressovsky (1900–1981), Russian radiation and evolution geneticist *Alfred Tissières (1917–2003), Swiss molecular geneticist who pioneered molecular biology in Geneva *Joe Hin Tjio (1919–2001), Java-born geneticist who first discovered humans have 46 chromosomes *Susumu Tonegawa (born 1939), Japanese molecular biologist;
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
for genetics of antibody diversity *Erich von Tschermak (1871–1962), Austrian agronomist and one of the re-discoverers of Mendel's laws *Lap-chee Tsui (born 1950), Chinese geneticist who sequenced first human gene (for cystic fibrosis) with
Francis Collins Francis Sellers Collins (born April 14, 1950) is an American physician-geneticist who discovered the genes associated with a number of diseases and led the Human Genome Project. He is the former director of the National Institutes of Health ( ...
*Elena J. Tucker, Elena Jane Tucker, Australian geneticist investigating mitochondrial disease *Raymond Turpin (1895–1988), French pediatrician, geneticist, Jérôme Lejeune, Lejeune's co-discoverer of trisomy 21


U

*Axel Ullrich (born 1943), German molecular biologist, signal transduction, discovered oncogene, Herceptin *Irene Ayako Uchida (1917–2013), one of the first Canadian geneticists and cytogeneticists. Down syndrome


V

*Harold Varmus (born 1939), US
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
-winner for
oncogenes An oncogene is a gene that has the potential to cause cancer. In tumor cells, these genes are often mutated, or expressed at high levels.
, head of
NIH The National Institutes of Health, commonly referred to as NIH (with each letter pronounced individually), is the primary agency of the United States government responsible for biomedical and public health research. It was founded in the late ...
*Rajeev Kumar Varshney (born 1973), Indian geneticist, principal scientist at ICRISAT and theme leader a
Generation Challenge Programme
*Nikolai Vavilov (1887–1943), eminent Russian botanist and geneticist, anti-Trofim Lysenko, Lysenko, died in prison *Craig Venter (born 1946), US molecular biologist and entrepreneur, raced to sequence (biology), sequence the genome *Jerome Vinograd (1913–1976), US, leader in biochemistry and molecular biology of
nucleic acid Nucleic acids are biopolymers, macromolecules, essential to all known forms of life. They are composed of nucleotides, which are the monomers made of three components: a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base. The two main cl ...
s *Peter Visscher, Dutch Australian geneticist who works on the genetic architecture of complex traits *Friedrich Vogel (human geneticist), Friedrich Vogel (1925–2006), German, leader in human genetics, coined term "pharmacogenetics" *Bert Vogelstein (born 1949), US pediatrician and cancer geneticist, series of
mutation In biology, a mutation is an alteration in the nucleic acid sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA. Viral genomes contain either DNA or RNA. Mutations result from errors during DNA or viral replication, mi ...
s in colorectal cancer *Erik Adolf von Willebrand (1870–1949), Finnish internist who found commonest von Willebrand's disease, bleeding disorder


W

*Petrus Johannes Waardenburg (1886–1979), Dutch ophthalmologist, geneticist, Waardenburg syndrome *C. H. Waddington (1905–1975), British developmental biologist, paleontologist, geneticist, embryologist *Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913), Welsh, proposed natural selection theory independent of Charles Darwin, Darwin *Douglas C. Wallace (born 1946), US mitochondrial geneticist, pioneered the use of human mtDNA as a molecular marker *Peter Walter (born 1954), German-US molecular biologist studying protein folding and
protein targeting :''This article deals with protein targeting in eukaryotes unless specified otherwise.'' Protein targeting or protein sorting is the biological mechanism by which proteins are transported to their appropriate destinations within or outside the ce ...
*Richard H. Ward (1943–2003), English-born New Zealand human and anthropological geneticist *James D. Watson (born 1928), US molecular geneticist,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
for discovery of the
double helix A double is a look-alike or doppelgänger; one person or being that resembles another. Double, The Double or Dubble may also refer to: Film and television * Double (filmmaking), someone who substitutes for the credited actor of a character * ...
*David Weatherall (1933–2018), distinguished UK physician, geneticist, pioneer in hemoglobin and molecular medicine *Robert Weinberg (biologist), Robert Weinberg (born 1942), US, discovered first human oncogene and first tumor suppressor gene *Wilhelm Weinberg (1862–1937), German physician, formulated Hardy–Weinberg law, basic law of population genetics *Spencer Wells (born 1969), US genetic anthropologist, head of Genographic Project to map past migrations *Susan R. Wessler (born 1953), US plant molecular geneticist, transposable elements re genetic diversity *Raymond L. White (1943–2018), US cancer geneticist, cloned APC colon cancer gene and neurofibromatosis gene *Glayde Whitney (1939–2002), US behavioral geneticist, accused of supporting scientific racism *Reed Wickner (born c. 1942), US molecular geneticist, yeast phenotypes due to prion forms of native
protein Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, respo ...
s *Alexander S. Wiener (1907–1976), U.S. immunologist, discovered Rhesus blood group system, Rh Human blood group systems, blood groups with Landsteiner *Eric F. Wieschaus (born 1947), US developmental biologist and
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
-winner *Maurice Wilkins (1916–2004), New Zealand-born British
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
-winner with James Watson, Watson and Francis Crick, Crick *Huntington Willard (born c. 1953), US human geneticist, X chromosome inactivation, gene silencing *Harold G. Williams (born 1929), US, Oklahoma cattle geneticist pioneer *Robley Williams (1908–1995), US virologist, recreated tobacco mosaic virus from its
RNA Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation and expression of genes. RNA and deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA) are nucleic acids. Along with lipids, proteins, and carbohydra ...
+ protein coat *Ian Wilmut (born 1944), UK reproductive biologist who first cloned a mammal (lamb named Dolly (sheep), Dolly) *Allan Wilson (biologist), Allan Wilson (1934–1991), New Zealand-US innovator in molecular study of human evolution *David Sloan Wilson (born 1949), US evolutionary biologist and geneticist *Edmund Beecher Wilson (1856–1939), US zoologist, geneticist, discovered XY and XX sex chromosomes *Øjvind Winge (1886–1964), Danish biologist and pioneer in yeast genetics *Chester B. Whitley (born 1950), US geneticist, pioneered treatment of lysosomal diseases *Carl Woese (1928–2012), US biologist, defined Archaea as new domain of life, rRNA phylogenetic tool *Ulrich Wolf (1933–2017), German cytogeneticist, found chromosome 4p deletion in Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome *Melaku Worede (born 1936), Ethiopian conservationist and geneticist *Naomi Wray, Australian geneticist known for her work on genetics of complex traits *Sewall Wright (1889–1988), eminent US geneticist who, with Ronald Fisher, united genetics &
evolution Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. These characteristics are the expressions of genes, which are passed on from parent to offspring during reproduction. Variation ...


Y

*Jian Yang (geneticist), Jian Yang, Chinese geneticist, known for his work on the missing heritability of complex traits *Charles Yanofsky (1925–2018), US molecular geneticist, colinearity of gene and its protein product


Z

*Floyd Zaiger (1926–2020), fruit geneticist and entrepreneur *Hans Zellweger (1909–1990) Swiss-US pediatrician and clinical geneticist, described Zellweger syndrome *Norton Zinder (1928–2012), US biologist and
phage A bacteriophage (), also known informally as a ''phage'' (), is a duplodnaviria virus that infects and replicates within bacteria and archaea. The term was derived from "bacteria" and the Greek φαγεῖν ('), meaning "to devour". Bacterio ...
worker who discovered Transduction (genetics), genetic transduction *Rolf M. Zinkernagel (born 1944), Swiss scientist, won
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
for immune recognition of
antigen In immunology, an antigen (Ag) is a molecule or molecular structure or any foreign particulate matter or a pollen grain that can bind to a specific antibody or T-cell receptor. The presence of antigens in the body may trigger an immune response. ...


Fictional geneticists

*Lizard (comics), Curt Connors in the ''Peter Parker: Spider-Man, Spider-Man'' comics *Moira MacTaggert in the ''Uncanny X-Men, X-Men'' comics *Andrew Wells in the television series ''Buffy the Vampire Slayer'' *Dr. Henry Wu in the movie ''Jurassic World''


See also

* List of biochemists {{DEFAULTSORT:Geneticists Lists of biologists Geneticists, Genetics-related lists, G Evolutionary biologists, Population geneticists,