List of classical music sub-titles, nicknames and non-numeric titles
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This is an alphabetically ordered list of sub-titles, nicknames and non-numeric titles that have been applied to classical music compositions of types that are normally identified only by some combination of number, key and catalogue number. These types of compositions include: symphony, concerto, sonata, and standard chamber music combinations (string strio, quartet, quintet, sextet, etc.; piano trio, quartet, quintet, sextet, etc.), among others. A sub-title is a subsidiary name given to a work by the composer, and considered part of its formal title, such as: * ''
The Age of Anxiety ''The Age of Anxiety: A Baroque Eclogue'' (1947; first UK edition, 1948) is a long poem in six parts by W. H. Auden, written mostly in a modern version of Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse. The poem deals, in eclogue form, with man's quest to fin ...
'', the sub-title of Bernstein's Symphony No. 2 * '' Pathétique'', the sub-title of
Tchaikovsky Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky , group=n ( ; 7 May 1840 – 6 November 1893) was a Russian composer of the Romantic period. He was the first Russian composer whose music would make a lasting impression internationally. He wrote some of the most popu ...
's Symphony No. 6 in B minor, Op. 74. A
nickname A nickname is a substitute for the proper name of a familiar person, place or thing. Commonly used to express affection, a form of endearment, and sometimes amusement, it can also be used to express defamation of character. As a concept, it is ...
is a name that is ''not'' part of the title given by the composer, but has come to be popularly associated with the work, such as: * ''
Emperor An emperor (from la, imperator, via fro, empereor) is a monarch, and usually the sovereignty, sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. Empress, the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife (empress consort), ...
'', the nickname of
Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. Beethoven remains one of the most admired composers in the history of Western music; his works rank amongst the most performed of the classic ...
's Piano Concerto No. 5 in E-flat major, Op. 73 * ''
Jupiter Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest in the Solar System. It is a gas giant with a mass more than two and a half times that of all the other planets in the Solar System combined, but slightly less than one-thousandth t ...
'', the nickname of Mozart's Symphony No. 41 in C major, K. 551. A non-numeric title is a formal title that departs from the usual sequential numbering of works of the same type, such as: * '' Symphonie fantastique'' by Berlioz and * ''
Warsaw Concerto The ''Warsaw Concerto'' is a short work for piano and orchestra by Richard Addinsell, written for the 1941 British film '' Dangerous Moonlight'', which is about the Polish struggle against the 1939 invasion by Nazi Germany. In performance it norma ...
'' by Addinsell.


Background

Many classical compositions belong to a numbered series of works of a similar type by the same composer. For example,
Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. Beethoven remains one of the most admired composers in the history of Western music; his works rank amongst the most performed of the classic ...
wrote 9 symphonies, 10 violin sonatas, 32 piano sonatas, 5 piano concertos, 16 string quartets, 7 piano trios and other works, all of which are numbered sequentially within their genres and generally referred to by their sequence numbers, keys and opus numbers. For example, the 6th of his violin sonatas is referred to as: ''Violin Sonata No. 6 in A major, Op. 30, No. 1''. However, some of these works were also given descriptive sub-titles by Beethoven himself: for example, he sub-titled the 3rd Symphony "Eroica", and the 6th Symphony "Pastoral". Others were given nicknames by publishers or others: for example, the Piano Sonata No. 14 is called "Moonlight" and the Piano Trio No. 7 is known as the "Archduke". In other cases, a composer gives a work a title without any number, even though he may have written other works of that type with numbers. For example,
Tchaikovsky Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky , group=n ( ; 7 May 1840 – 6 November 1893) was a Russian composer of the Romantic period. He was the first Russian composer whose music would make a lasting impression internationally. He wrote some of the most popu ...
wrote 6 numbered symphonies, but he also wrote the unnumbered ''
Manfred Symphony ''Manfred'' is a ''"Symphony in Four Scenes"'' in B minor by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, his Opus 58, but unnumbered. It was written between May and September 1885 to a program based upon the eponymous 1817 poem by Byron, coming after the composer' ...
'' between the 4th and 5th symphonies. A listing of all Tchaikovsky's symphonies would be incomplete without mention of the ''Manfred Symphony''.


Special cases

Works such as
Vaughan Williams Ralph Vaughan Williams, (; 12 October 1872– 26 August 1958) was an English composer. His works include operas, ballets, chamber music, secular and religious vocal pieces and orchestral compositions including nine symphonies, written over ...
's first three symphonies (''
A Sea Symphony ''A Sea Symphony'' is an hour-long work for soprano, baritone, chorus and large orchestra written by Ralph Vaughan Williams between 1903 and 1909. The first and longest of his nine symphonies, it was first performed at the Leeds Festival in ...
'', '' A London Symphony'' and '' A Pastoral Symphony'') fit into more than one camp. These are true titles, as Vaughan Williams commenced the numbering of his symphonies only from his 4th Symphony. The first three symphonies were, however, retrospectively given numbers by cataloguers. Hence, ''A Sea Symphony'', for example, is often referred to as his "Symphony No. 1", with the original title being relegated to a sub-title, although that was never Vaughan Williams's own intention or practice.


Other named works excluded

There are vast numbers of other named compositions that do not qualify for this list. Symphonic poems, concert overtures, suites, variations, operas, ballets, most vocal and choral music, and miscellaneous other works are normally given titles that exclude numbers. Examples of such works would include: * ''
Thus Spoke Zarathustra ''Thus Spoke Zarathustra: A Book for All and None'' (german: Also sprach Zarathustra: Ein Buch für Alle und Keinen), also translated as ''Thus Spake Zarathustra'', is a work of philosophical fiction written by German philosopher Friedrich Niet ...
'', symphonic poem by Richard Strauss * ''
Tragic Overture The ''Tragic Overture'' (german: Tragische Ouvertüre, link=no), Op. 81, is a concert overture for orchestra written by Johannes Brahms during the summer of 1880. It premiered, under Hans Richter, on 26 December 1880 in Vienna. Most perfor ...
'' by
Brahms Johannes Brahms (; 7 May 1833 – 3 April 1897) was a German composer, pianist, and conductor of the mid-Romantic period. Born in Hamburg into a Lutheran family, he spent much of his professional life in Vienna. He is sometimes grouped with ...
* ''
Schelomo ''Schelomo: Rhapsodie Hébraïque for Violoncello and Orchestra'' was the final work of composer Ernest Bloch's ''Jewish Cycle''. ''Schelomo'', which was written in 1915 to 1916, premiered on May 3, 1917, played by cellist Hans Kindler. Artur Boda ...
'', Hebraic rhapsody by Bloch * ''
The Planets ''The Planets'', Op. 32, is a seven- movement orchestral suite by the English composer Gustav Holst, written between 1914 and 1917. In the last movement the orchestra is joined by a wordless female chorus. Each movement of the suite is name ...
'', Suite by
Holst Gustav Theodore Holst (born Gustavus Theodore von Holst; 21 September 1874 – 25 May 1934) was an English composer, arranger and teacher. Best known for his orchestral suite ''The Planets'', he composed many other works across a range ...
* ''
Sea Pictures ''Sea Pictures, Op. 37'' is a song cycle by Sir Edward Elgar consisting of five songs written by various poets. It was set for contralto and orchestra, though a distinct version for piano was often performed by Elgar. Many mezzo-sopranos have su ...
'', song cycle by
Elgar Sir Edward William Elgar, 1st Baronet, (; 2 June 1857 – 23 February 1934) was an English composer, many of whose works have entered the British and international classical concert repertoire. Among his best-known compositions are orchestr ...
* ''
Messiah In Abrahamic religions, a messiah or messias (; , ; , ; ) is a saviour or liberator of a group of people. The concepts of '' mashiach'', messianism, and of a Messianic Age originated in Judaism, and in the Hebrew Bible, in which a ''mashiach ...
'', oratorio by Handel * ''
La bohème ''La bohème'' (; ) is an opera in four acts,Puccini called the divisions '' quadri'', '' tableaux'' or "images", rather than ''atti'' (acts). composed by Giacomo Puccini between 1893 and 1895 to an Italian libretto by Luigi Illica and Giusep ...
'', opera by
Puccini Giacomo Puccini ( Lucca, 22 December 1858Bruxelles, 29 November 1924) was an Italian composer known primarily for his operas. Regarded as the greatest and most successful proponent of Italian opera after Verdi, he was descended from a long ...
* '' Carnaval'', a set of piano pieces by
Schumann Robert Schumann (; 8 June 181029 July 1856) was a German composer, pianist, and influential music critic. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest composers of the Romantic era. Schumann left the study of law, intending to pursue a career a ...


List of sub-titles, nicknames and non-numeric titles


A

* A: Joseph Haydn, Symphony No. 107 in B-flat major, Hob. I/107 * Adagio: **
Karl Amadeus Hartmann Karl Amadeus Hartmann (2 August 1905 – 5 December 1963) was a German composer. Sometimes described as the greatest German symphonist of the 20th century, he is now largely overlooked, particularly in English-speaking countries. Life Born in ...
, Symphony No. 2 **
Krzysztof Penderecki Krzysztof Eugeniusz Penderecki (; 23 November 1933 – 29 March 2020) was a Polish composer and conductor. His best known works include ''Threnody to the Victims of Hiroshima'', Symphony No. 3, his '' St Luke Passion'', '' Polish Requiem'', ' ...
, Symphony No. 4 * Adélaïde:
Marius Casadesus Marius Casadesus (24 October 1892 – 13 October 1981) was a French violinist and composer. He was the brother of Henri Casadesus, uncle of the famed pianist Robert Casadesus, and grand-uncle to Jean Casadesus. Marius Casadesus achieved perhaps h ...
(attrib.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition r ...
), Violin Concerto in D * L'Adieu: Frédéric Chopin, Waltz No. 9 in A flat major, Op. posth. 69/1 * Adieu: the second of
Karlheinz Stockhausen Karlheinz Stockhausen (; 22 August 1928 – 5 December 2007) was a German composer, widely acknowledged by critics as one of the most important but also controversial composers of the 20th-century classical music, 20th and early 21st-century ...
's three unnumbered wind quintets * Aeolian Harp: Frédéric Chopin, Étude in A flat, Op. 25/1 * Afro-American:
William Grant Still William Grant Still Jr. (May 11, 1895 – December 3, 1978) was an American composer of nearly two hundred works, including five symphonies, four ballets, nine operas, over thirty choral works, plus art songs, chamber music and works fo ...
, Symphony No. 1 * Age of Anxiety: Leonard Bernstein, Symphony No. 2 * Agiochook:
Alan Hovhaness Alan Hovhaness (; March 8, 1911 – June 21, 2000) was an American- Armenian composer. He was one of the most prolific 20th-century composers, with his official catalog comprising 67 numbered symphonies (surviving manuscripts indicate over 70) a ...
, Symphony No. 64, Op. 422 * Air Russe:
Franz Schubert Franz Peter Schubert (; 31 January 179719 November 1828) was an Austrian composer of the late Classical and early Romantic eras. Despite his short lifetime, Schubert left behind a vast ''oeuvre'', including more than 600 secular vocal wo ...
, Moment musical No. 3 in F minor, D. 780/3 * Albinoni's Adagio:
Remo Giazotto Remo Giazotto (4 September 1910, Rome – 26 August 1998, Pisa) was an Italian musicologist, music critic, and composer, mostly known through his systematic catalogue of the works of Tomaso Albinoni. He wrote biographies of Albinoni and other ...
,
Adagio in G minor Adagio in G minor for strings and organ, also known as Adagio in Sol minore per archi e organo su due spunti tematici e su un basso numerato di Tomaso Albinoni (Mi 26), is a neo-Baroque composition commonly attributed to the 18th-century Veneti ...
* All Men are Brothers:
Alan Hovhaness Alan Hovhaness (; March 8, 1911 – June 21, 2000) was an American- Armenian composer. He was one of the most prolific 20th-century composers, with his official catalog comprising 67 numbered symphonies (surviving manuscripts indicate over 70) a ...
, Symphony No. 11, Op. 186 * Alla Marcia: Boris Tishchenko, ''Concerto Alla Marcia'' for sixteen soloists * Alla Veneziana: Arthur Butterworth, Trumpet Concerto, Op. 93 * L'Allegro ed il Penseroso:
Charles Villiers Stanford Sir Charles Villiers Stanford (30 September 1852 – 29 March 1924) was an Anglo-Irish composer, music teacher, and conductor of the late Romantic era. Born to a well-off and highly musical family in Dublin, Stanford was educated at the ...
, Symphony No. 5, Op. 56 * Alleluia: Joseph Haydn, Symphony No. 30 in C major, Hob. I/30 * Alpine: Richard Strauss, '' Symphony No. 4 in A major'' * American: ** ''American Quartet'' – Antonín Dvořák, String Quartet No. 12 in F major, Op. 96 ** ''American Quintet'' – Antonín Dvořák, String Quintet No. 3 in E-flat major, Op. 97 ** ''American Suite'' - Antonín Dvořák, Suite in A major, Op. 98b ** ''American Symphony, An'' - Don Gillis, Symphony No. 1 * Angel of Light:
Einojuhani Rautavaara Einojuhani Rautavaara (; 9 October 1928 – 27 July 2016) was a Finnish composer of classical music. Among the most notable Finnish composers since Jean Sibelius (1865–1957), Rautavaara wrote a great number of works spanning various styles. ...
, Symphony No. 7 * Ani:
Alan Hovhaness Alan Hovhaness (; March 8, 1911 – June 21, 2000) was an American- Armenian composer. He was one of the most prolific 20th-century composers, with his official catalog comprising 67 numbered symphonies (surviving manuscripts indicate over 70) a ...
, Symphony No. 23, Op. 249 * Antar: Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Symphony No. 2 (later renamed ''symphonic suite'') * Antarctic Symphony:
Peter Maxwell Davies Sir Peter Maxwell Davies (8 September 1934 – 14 March 2016) was an English composer and conductor, who in 2004 was made Master of the Queen's Music. As a student at both the University of Manchester and the Royal Manchester College of Musi ...
, Symphony No. 8: ''Antarctic'' Symphony * Antartica: Ralph Vaughan Williams, Symphony No. 7 ''Sinfonia Antartica'' * Antígona:
Carlos Chávez Carlos Antonio de Padua Chávez y Ramírez (13 June 1899 – 2 August 1978) was a Mexican composer, conductor, music theorist, educator, journalist, and founder and director of the Mexican Symphonic Orchestra. He was influenced by nativ ...
, Symphony No. 1 '' Sinfonía de Antígona'' * Antique: **
Friedrich Witt Friedrich Jeremias Witt (November 8, 1770 – January 3, 1836) was a German composer and cellist. He is perhaps best known as the likely author of a Symphony in C major known as the Jena Symphony, once attributed to Ludwig van Beethoven. Bio ...
attrib., ''Symphonie antique'' **
Charles-Marie Widor Charles-Marie-Jean-Albert Widor (21 February 1844 – 12 March 1937) was a French organist, composer and teacher of the mid-Romantic era, most notable for his ten organ symphonies. His Toccata from the fifth organ symphony has become one of th ...
, Symphonie Antique, Op. 83 * Antretter:
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition r ...
, Serenade No. 3 in D major, K. 185 * Apocalyptic: Anton Bruckner, Symphony No. 8 in C minor * Appalachian Mountains, To the:
Alan Hovhaness Alan Hovhaness (; March 8, 1911 – June 21, 2000) was an American- Armenian composer. He was one of the most prolific 20th-century composers, with his official catalog comprising 67 numbered symphonies (surviving manuscripts indicate over 70) a ...
, Symphony No. 60, Op. 396 * Appassionata:
Ludwig van Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. Beethoven remains one of the most admired composers in the history of Western music; his works rank amongst the most performed of the classic ...
, Piano Sonata No. 23 in F minor, Op. 57 * Apponyi: Joseph Haydn, String Quartets, Opp. 71, 74 * Aquerò:
Malcolm Williamson Malcolm Benjamin Graham Christopher Williamson, (21 November 19312 March 2003) was an Australian composer. He was the Master of the Queen's Music from 1975 until his death. Biography Williamson was born in Sydney in 1931; his father was an A ...
, Symphony No. 5 * Arabescata:
Einojuhani Rautavaara Einojuhani Rautavaara (; 9 October 1928 – 27 July 2016) was a Finnish composer of classical music. Among the most notable Finnish composers since Jean Sibelius (1865–1957), Rautavaara wrote a great number of works spanning various styles. ...
, Symphony No. 4 * Ararat:
Alan Hovhaness Alan Hovhaness (; March 8, 1911 – June 21, 2000) was an American- Armenian composer. He was one of the most prolific 20th-century composers, with his official catalog comprising 67 numbered symphonies (surviving manuscripts indicate over 70) a ...
, Symphony No. 14, Op. 194 * Archduke:
Ludwig van Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. Beethoven remains one of the most admired composers in the history of Western music; his works rank amongst the most performed of the classic ...
, Piano Trio No. 7 in B-flat major, Op. 97 * Ardent Song:
Alan Hovhaness Alan Hovhaness (; March 8, 1911 – June 21, 2000) was an American- Armenian composer. He was one of the most prolific 20th-century composers, with his official catalog comprising 67 numbered symphonies (surviving manuscripts indicate over 70) a ...
, Symphony No. 13, Op. 190 * Arjuna:
Alan Hovhaness Alan Hovhaness (; March 8, 1911 – June 21, 2000) was an American- Armenian composer. He was one of the most prolific 20th-century composers, with his official catalog comprising 67 numbered symphonies (surviving manuscripts indicate over 70) a ...
, Symphony No. 8, Op. 179 * Arthurus Rex: William T. Blows, Symphony No. 10 * Artstakh:
Alan Hovhaness Alan Hovhaness (; March 8, 1911 – June 21, 2000) was an American- Armenian composer. He was one of the most prolific 20th-century composers, with his official catalog comprising 67 numbered symphonies (surviving manuscripts indicate over 70) a ...
, Symphony No. 65, Op. 427 * Ascension (Ascenção): Heitor Villa-Lobos, Symphony No. 2 * Atlantis: Jānis Ivanovs, Symphony No. 4 * Autumn (Efterår): Peter Lange-Müller, Symphony No. 1 in D minor, Op. 17 *L'autunno: Antonio Vivaldi, from ''Le quattro stagioni'', Violin Concerto RV 293, Op. 8 ''L'estro armonico'' third concerto (from ''The Four Seasons'': ''The Autumn'') * Aviation:
Nikolai Myaskovsky Nikolai Yakovlevich Myaskovsky or Miaskovsky or Miaskowsky (russian: Никола́й Я́ковлевич Мяско́вский; pl, Mikołaj Miąskowski, syn Jakóbowy; 20 April 18818 August 1950), was a Russian and Soviet composer. He is som ...
, Symphony No. 16 in F Major Op. 39


B

* B: Joseph Haydn, Symphony No. 108 in B-flat major, Hob. I/108 * Babi Yar: Dmitri Shostakovich, Symphony No. 13 in B-flat minor, Op. 113 * Battle (and variants): **
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition r ...
, Contredanse in C, K. 535, ''La Bataille'' **
Ludwig van Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. Beethoven remains one of the most admired composers in the history of Western music; his works rank amongst the most performed of the classic ...
, '' Battle Symphony'' * Bear: Joseph Haydn, Symphony No. 82 in C major, Hob. I/82 * Bee's Wedding: Felix Mendelssohn, Song without Words in C major, Op. 67/4 * Beethoven's Tenth: Johannes Brahms, Symphony No. 1 in C minor, Op. 68 * Bell: ** Sergei Rachmaninoff, Choral Symphony '' The Bells'', Op. 35 **
Aram Khachaturian Aram Ilyich Khachaturian (; rus, Арам Ильич Хачатурян, , ɐˈram ɨˈlʲjitɕ xətɕɪtʊˈrʲan, Ru-Aram Ilyich Khachaturian.ogg; hy, Արամ Խաչատրյան, ''Aram Xačʿatryan''; 1 May 1978) was a Soviet and Armenia ...
, Symphony No. 2, ''The Bell'' * The Bells of Zlonice: Antonín Dvořák, Symphony No. 1 in C minor, Op. 3 * Big Apple:
Johan de Meij Johannes Abraham "Johan" de Meij (; born November 23, 1953 in Voorburg) is a Dutch conductor, trombonist, and composer, best known for his '' Symphony No. 1'' for wind ensemble, nicknamed ''The Lord of the Rings'' symphony. Biography Johan de ...
, Symphony No. 2 * Bird Quartet: Joseph Haydn, String Quartet, Opus 33 No. 3 * Black Key: Frédéric Chopin, Etude in G flat, Op. 10/5 * Black Mass: Alexander Scriabin, Piano Sonata No. 9, Op. 68 * Boreale:
Vagn Holmboe Vagn Gylding Holmboe (, 20 December 1909 – 1 September 1996) was a Danish composer and teacher. Life Vagn Holmboe was born in Horsens, Jutland, into a merchant family of dedicated amateur musicians. Both parents played the piano. His fa ...
, Symphony No. 8, ''Boreale, Sinfonia'' * Borealis: Arthur Butterworth, Symphony No. 3, Op. 52, ''Sinfonia Borealis'' * Boreas:
David del Puerto David del Puerto is a Spanish composer. Biography Born in 1964 in Madrid, musically trained in the guitar, disciple of Francisco Guerrero and Luis de Pablo in his native city, David del Puerto emerged very early as one of the most talented compose ...
, Symphony No. 1 * Brasília: **
César Guerra-Peixe César Guerra-Peixe (March 18, 1914 – November 26, 1993) was a Brazilian violinist, composer, and conductor. Guerra-Peixe was born in Petrópolis, son of Portuguese immigrants with Romani origins. Throughout his lifetime, Guerra-Peixe held nume ...
, Symphony No. 2, ''Brasilia'' **
Cláudio Santoro Cláudio Franco de Sá Santoro (23 November 1919 – 27 March 1989) was an internationally renowned Brazilian composer, conductor and violinist. Biography Early life A native of Manaus, the capital of Amazonas, Santoro started to study violin ...
, Symphony No. 7, ''Sinfonia Brasilia'' * Breve/Brevis: **
Havergal Brian Havergal Brian (born William Brian; 29 January 187628 November 1972) was an English composer. He is best known for having composed 32 symphonies (an unusually high total for a 20th-century composer), most of them late in his life. His best-known ...
, Symphony No. 22, ''Symphonia Brevis'' **
Vincent d'Indy Paul Marie Théodore Vincent d'Indy (; 27 March 18512 December 1931) was a French composer and teacher. His influence as a teacher, in particular, was considerable. He was a co-founder of the Schola Cantorum de Paris and also taught at the P ...
, Symphony No. 3, ''Sinfonia Brevis de bello Gallico'' ** Gösta Nystroem, Symphony No. 1, ''Sinfonia Breve'' * Broken Wings:
Alan Hovhaness Alan Hovhaness (; March 8, 1911 – June 21, 2000) was an American- Armenian composer. He was one of the most prolific 20th-century composers, with his official catalog comprising 67 numbered symphonies (surviving manuscripts indicate over 70) a ...
, Symphony No. 32, Op. 296 * Butterfly: Frédéric Chopin, Etude in G flat, Op. 25/9


C

* Cambridge:
Hubert Parry Sir Charles Hubert Hastings Parry, 1st Baronet (27 February 18487 October 1918) was an English composer, teacher and historian of music. Born in Richmond Hill in Bournemouth, Parry's first major works appeared in 1880. As a composer he is be ...
, Symphony No. 2 * The Camp Meeting: Charles Ives, Symphony No. 3 * Capricieuse:
Franz Berwald Franz Adolf Berwald (23 July 1796 – 3 April 1868) was a Swedish Romantic composer. He made his living as an orthopedist and later as the manager of a saw mill and glass factory, and became more appreciated as a composer after his death than he ...
, Symphony No. 2 * Cat's Fugue: Domenico Scarlatti, Keyboard Sonata in G minor, Kk. 30 * St Cecilia: George Frideric Handel, Concerto Grosso in D major, HWV 323, ''St Cecilia's Concerto'' * Celestial Gate:
Alan Hovhaness Alan Hovhaness (; March 8, 1911 – June 21, 2000) was an American- Armenian composer. He was one of the most prolific 20th-century composers, with his official catalog comprising 67 numbered symphonies (surviving manuscripts indicate over 70) a ...
, Symphony No. 6, Op. 173 * Cévenole:
Vincent d'Indy Paul Marie Théodore Vincent d'Indy (; 27 March 18512 December 1931) was a French composer and teacher. His influence as a teacher, in particular, was considerable. He was a co-founder of the Schola Cantorum de Paris and also taught at the P ...
, '' Symphonie Cévenole'' ("
Cévennes The Cévennes ( , ; oc, Cevenas) is a cultural region and range of mountains in south-central France, on the south-east edge of the Massif Central. It covers parts of the ''départements'' of Ardèche, Gard, Hérault and Lozère. Rich in geogra ...
Symphony"), a.k.a. ''Symphonie sur un chant montagnard français'' ("Symphony on a French Mountain Air") * La chasse: Joseph Haydn, Symphony No. 73 in D major, Hob. I/73 * Children in the Streets:
Thomas Koppel Thomas Koppel (27 April 1944 – 25 February 2006) was a Danish classical music and avant-garde popular composer and musician. His father, Herman David Koppel (1908-1998), a composer and pianist of Jewish origin, fled the Nazis with his f ...
, ''Symphony for Children in the Streets'' (''Symfoni for gadens børn'') * Children's Games:
Peter Maxwell Davies Sir Peter Maxwell Davies (8 September 1934 – 14 March 2016) was an English composer and conductor, who in 2004 was made Master of the Queen's Music. As a student at both the University of Manchester and the Royal Manchester College of Musi ...
, ''Naxos'' String Quartet No. 4 * Choral: **
Ludwig van Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. Beethoven remains one of the most admired composers in the history of Western music; his works rank amongst the most performed of the classic ...
, Symphony No. 9 in D minor, Op. 125 ** Philip Glass, Symphony No. 5 **
Alan Hovhaness Alan Hovhaness (; March 8, 1911 – June 21, 2000) was an American- Armenian composer. He was one of the most prolific 20th-century composers, with his official catalog comprising 67 numbered symphonies (surviving manuscripts indicate over 70) a ...
, Symphony No. 12, Op. 188 * Chord: Frédéric Chopin, Prelude No. 20 in C minor, Op. 28/20 * Christmas: **
Alan Hovhaness Alan Hovhaness (; March 8, 1911 – June 21, 2000) was an American- Armenian composer. He was one of the most prolific 20th-century composers, with his official catalog comprising 67 numbered symphonies (surviving manuscripts indicate over 70) a ...
, Symphony No. 49, Op. 356 **
Krzysztof Penderecki Krzysztof Eugeniusz Penderecki (; 23 November 1933 – 29 March 2020) was a Polish composer and conductor. His best known works include ''Threnody to the Victims of Hiroshima'', Symphony No. 3, his '' St Luke Passion'', '' Polish Requiem'', ' ...
, Symphony No. 2 * Circe:
Alan Hovhaness Alan Hovhaness (; March 8, 1911 – June 21, 2000) was an American- Armenian composer. He was one of the most prolific 20th-century composers, with his official catalog comprising 67 numbered symphonies (surviving manuscripts indicate over 70) a ...
, Symphony No. 18, Op. 204a * City of Light:
Alan Hovhaness Alan Hovhaness (; March 8, 1911 – June 21, 2000) was an American- Armenian composer. He was one of the most prolific 20th-century composers, with his official catalog comprising 67 numbered symphonies (surviving manuscripts indicate over 70) a ...
, Symphony No. 22, Op. 236 * Classical:
Sergei Prokofiev Sergei Sergeyevich Prokofiev; alternative transliterations of his name include ''Sergey'' or ''Serge'', and ''Prokofief'', ''Prokofieff'', or ''Prokofyev''., group=n (27 April .S. 15 April1891 – 5 March 1953) was a Russian composer, ...
, Symphony No. 1 in D major, Op. 25 * Clock: Joseph Haydn, Symphony No. 101 in D major, Hob. I/101 * Cold Mountain:
Alan Hovhaness Alan Hovhaness (; March 8, 1911 – June 21, 2000) was an American- Armenian composer. He was one of the most prolific 20th-century composers, with his official catalog comprising 67 numbered symphonies (surviving manuscripts indicate over 70) a ...
, Symphony No. 57, Op. 381 * Colloredo:
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition r ...
, Serenade No. 4 in D major, K. 203 * Colour:
Arthur Bliss Sir Arthur Edward Drummond Bliss (2 August 189127 March 1975) was an English composer and conductor. Bliss's musical training was cut short by the First World War, in which he served with distinction in the army. In the post-war years he qu ...
, ''
A Colour Symphony ''A Colour Symphony'', Op. 24, F. 106, was written by Arthur Bliss in 1921–22. It was his first major work for orchestra, and is today one of his best-known compositions. Orchestration The symphony is scored for 3 flutes (one doubling on ...
'' * Comica:
Felix Draeseke Felix August Bernhard Draeseke (7 October 1835 – 26 February 1913) was a composer of the "New German School" admiring Franz Liszt and Richard Wagner. He wrote compositions in most forms including eight operas and stage works, four symphonies, ...
, Symphony No. 4 in E minor ''Symphonia Comica'', WoO 38 * Concerto funebre:
Karl Amadeus Hartmann Karl Amadeus Hartmann (2 August 1905 – 5 December 1963) was a German composer. Sometimes described as the greatest German symphonist of the 20th century, he is now largely overlooked, particularly in English-speaking countries. Life Born in ...
, Concerto for violin and string orchestra * Concerto without Orchestra: Robert Schumann, Piano Sonata No. 3 in F minor, Op. 14 * Concord: Charles Ives, Piano Sonata No. 2 * Connecticut:
Henry Kimball Hadley Henry Kimball Hadley (20 December 1871 – 6 September 1937) was an American composer and conductor.''Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians'', 8th edition, p. 692 Early life Hadley was born in Somerville, Massachusetts, to a musical ...
, Symphony No. 5 in C minor, Op. 140 * Copernican:
Henryk Górecki Henryk Mikołaj Górecki ( , ; 6 December 1933 – 12 November 2010) was a Polish composer of contemporary classical music. According to critic Alex Ross, no recent classical composer has had as much commercial success as Górecki. He became a l ...
, Symphony No. 2, Op. 31 * Coronation:
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition r ...
, Piano Concerto No. 26 in D major, K. 537 * Creation:
William Wallace Sir William Wallace ( gd, Uilleam Uallas, ; Norman French: ; 23 August 1305) was a Scottish knight who became one of the main leaders during the First War of Scottish Independence. Along with Andrew Moray, Wallace defeated an English army ...
, ''Creation Symphony'' * The Cuckoo and the Nightingale: George Frideric Handel, Organ Concerto in F, HWV 295 * Cuerdas:
Carlos Chávez Carlos Antonio de Padua Chávez y Ramírez (13 June 1899 – 2 August 1978) was a Mexican composer, conductor, music theorist, educator, journalist, and founder and director of the Mexican Symphonic Orchestra. He was influenced by nativ ...
, Symphony No. 5, ''Sinfonía para cuerdas''


D

* Dance: Don Gillis, Symphony No. 8, ''A Dance Symphony'' * Dante: Franz Liszt, '' Symphony No. 2 in D minor'' (full name: ''A symphony to Dante's "Divina Commedia"'') * Death and the Maiden:
Franz Schubert Franz Peter Schubert (; 31 January 179719 November 1828) was an Austrian composer of the late Classical and early Romantic eras. Despite his short lifetime, Schubert left behind a vast ''oeuvre'', including more than 600 secular vocal wo ...
, String Quartet No. 14 in D minor, D. 810 * Defiance:
Leoš Janáček Leoš Janáček (, baptised Leo Eugen Janáček; 3 July 1854 – 12 August 1928) was a Czech composer, musical theorist, folklorist, publicist, and teacher. He was inspired by Moravian and other Slavic musics, including Eastern European f ...
, Capriccio for piano left-hand and chamber ensemble * Deidre:
Rutland Boughton Rutland Boughton (23 January 187825 January 1960) was an English composer who became well known in the early 20th century as a composer of opera and choral music. He was also an influential communist activist within the Communist Party of Gre ...
, Symphony No. 2 (1926-7) * Deliciae basiliensis:
Arthur Honegger Arthur Honegger (; 10 March 1892 – 27 November 1955) was a Swiss composer who was born in France and lived a large part of his life in Paris. A member of Les Six, his best known work is probably ''Antigone'', composed between 1924 and 1927 t ...
, Symphony No. 4 * Deutsche:
Hanns Eisler Hanns Eisler (6 July 1898 – 6 September 1962) was an Austrian composer (his father was Austrian, and Eisler fought in a Hungarian regiment in World War I). He is best known for composing the national anthem of East Germany, for his long artisti ...
, '' Deutsche Sinfonie'' * Deux mondes: Pierre Kaelin, ''Symphonie des deux mondes'' (''Symphony of the Two Worlds'') * Devil's Trill:
Giuseppe Tartini Giuseppe Tartini (8 April 1692 – 26 February 1770) was an Italian composer and violinist of the Baroque era born in the Republic of Venice. Tartini was a prolific composer, composing over a hundred of pieces for the violin with the majority of ...
, Violin Sonata in G minor * Di tre re:
Arthur Honegger Arthur Honegger (; 10 March 1892 – 27 November 1955) was a Swiss composer who was born in France and lived a large part of his life in Paris. A member of Les Six, his best known work is probably ''Antigone'', composed between 1924 and 1927 t ...
, Symphony No. 5 * Dissonance:
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition r ...
, String Quartet No. 19 in C major, K. 465 * Il distratto: Joseph Haydn, Symphony No. 60 in C major, Hob. I/60 * The Divine Poem: Alexander Scriabin, Symphony No. 3 in C minor, Op. 43 * Dollar:
Kurt Atterberg Kurt Magnus Atterberg (, 12 December 188715 February 1974) was a Swedish composer and engineer. He is best known for his symphonies, operas, and ballets. Biography Atterberg was born in Gothenburg. His father was Anders Johan Atterberg, enginee ...
, Symphony No. 6 * Domestica: Richard Strauss, '' Symphony No. 3 in D minor'' * Donnerwetter:
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition r ...
, Contredanse in D, K. 534 * Dramatic:
Anton Rubinstein Anton Grigoryevich Rubinstein ( rus, Антон Григорьевич Рубинштейн, r=Anton Grigor'evič Rubinštejn; ) was a Russian pianist, composer and conductor who became a pivotal figure in Russian culture when he founded the Sa ...
, Symphony No. 4 in D minor, Op. 95 * Drum: Frédéric Chopin, Polonaise in A-flat major, Op. 53 * Drumroll: Joseph Haydn, Symphony No. 103 in E-flat major, Hob. I/103 * Duetto: Felix Mendelssohn, ''Song without Words'' in A-flat major, Op. 38/6 * Dumky: Antonín Dvořák, Piano Trio No. 4 in E minor, Op. 90


E

* Earthquake:
Anatol Vieru Anatol Vieru (; 8 June 1926 – 8 October 1998) was a Romanian-Jewish music theoretician, pedagogue, and composer. A pupil of Aram Khachaturian, he composed seven symphonies, eight string quartets, concertos, and chamber music. He also wrote t ...
: Symphony No. 3 * Echo: Joseph Haydn, Symphony No. 38 * Efterår (Autumn): Peter Lange-Müller, Symphony No. 1 in D minor, Op. 17 * Eine kleine Nachtmusik:
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition r ...
, Serenade No. 13 in G major, K. 525, ''Eine kleine Nachtmusik'' (''A Little Night Music'') * Elegiac:
Charles Villiers Stanford Sir Charles Villiers Stanford (30 September 1852 – 29 March 1924) was an Anglo-Irish composer, music teacher, and conductor of the late Romantic era. Born to a well-off and highly musical family in Dublin, Stanford was educated at the ...
, Symphony No. 2 in D minor * Elevamini:
Malcolm Williamson Malcolm Benjamin Graham Christopher Williamson, (21 November 19312 March 2003) was an Australian composer. He was the Master of the Queen's Music from 1975 until his death. Biography Williamson was born in Sydney in 1931; his father was an A ...
, Symphony No. 1 * Elvira Madigan:
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition r ...
, Piano Concerto No. 21 in C major, K. 467 * Emerson: Charles Ives, Piano Sonata No. 2 (first draft as a concerto) * Emperor:
Ludwig van Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. Beethoven remains one of the most admired composers in the history of Western music; his works rank amongst the most performed of the classic ...
, Piano Concerto No. 5 in E-flat major, Op. 73 * En la melancolía de tu recuerdo, Soria:
David del Puerto David del Puerto is a Spanish composer. Biography Born in 1964 in Madrid, musically trained in the guitar, disciple of Francisco Guerrero and Luis de Pablo in his native city, David del Puerto emerged very early as one of the most talented compose ...
, Symphony No. 3 * Energica: Jānis Ivanovs, Symphony No. 12 in C major, ''Sinfonia Energica'' * English:
Hubert Parry Sir Charles Hubert Hastings Parry, 1st Baronet (27 February 18487 October 1918) was an English composer, teacher and historian of music. Born in Richmond Hill in Bournemouth, Parry's first major works appeared in 1880. As a composer he is be ...
, Symphony No. 3 * Enigma: Edward Elgar, ''
Enigma Variations Edward Elgar composed his ''Variations on an Original Theme'', Op. 36, popularly known as the ''Enigma Variations'', between October 1898 and February 1899. It is an orchestral work comprising fourteen variations on an original theme. Elgar ...
'', Op. 36 (Note: The formal title is ''Variations on an Original Theme for orchestra'', with "Enigma" being a sub-title) * Erdödy: Joseph Haydn, String Quartets, Op. 76 * Eroica:
Ludwig van Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. Beethoven remains one of the most admired composers in the history of Western music; his works rank amongst the most performed of the classic ...
, Symphony No. 3 in E-flat major, Op. 55 * Espagnole:
Édouard Lalo Édouard-Victoire-Antoine Lalo (27 January 182322 April 1892) was a French composer. His most celebrated piece is the '' Symphonie espagnole'', a five-movement concerto for violin and orchestra, which remains a popular work in the standard repe ...
, '' Symphonie espagnole'' in D minor, Op. 21 (actually a violin concerto) * Espansiva:
Carl Nielsen Carl August Nielsen (; 9 June 1865 – 3 October 1931) was a Danish composer, conductor and violinist, widely recognized as his country's most prominent composer. Brought up by poor yet musically talented parents on the island of Funen, he ...
, Symphony No. 3, ''Sinfonia Espansiva'', Op. 27 *L'estate: Antonio Vivaldi, from ''Le quattro stagioni'', Violin Concerto RV 315, Op. 8 ''L'estro armonico'' second concerto (from ''The Four Seasons'': ''The summer'') * Etchmiadzin:
Alan Hovhaness Alan Hovhaness (; March 8, 1911 – June 21, 2000) was an American- Armenian composer. He was one of the most prolific 20th-century composers, with his official catalog comprising 67 numbered symphonies (surviving manuscripts indicate over 70) a ...
, Symphony No. 21, Op. 234 * Exile:
Alan Hovhaness Alan Hovhaness (; March 8, 1911 – June 21, 2000) was an American- Armenian composer. He was one of the most prolific 20th-century composers, with his official catalog comprising 67 numbered symphonies (surviving manuscripts indicate over 70) a ...
, Symphony No. 1, Op. 17/2 * Exodus:
Anatol Vieru Anatol Vieru (; 8 June 1926 – 8 October 1998) was a Romanian-Jewish music theoretician, pedagogue, and composer. A pupil of Aram Khachaturian, he composed seven symphonies, eight string quartets, concertos, and chamber music. He also wrote t ...
: Symphony No. 6


F

* Faith: Don Gillis, Symphony No. 2, ''Symphony of Faith'' * Fantaisie:
Franz Schubert Franz Peter Schubert (; 31 January 179719 November 1828) was an Austrian composer of the late Classical and early Romantic eras. Despite his short lifetime, Schubert left behind a vast ''oeuvre'', including more than 600 secular vocal wo ...
, Piano Sonata No. 18 in G major, D. 894 * Fantaisies Symphoniques: Bohuslav Martinů, Symphony No. 6 * Fantastique: Hector Berlioz, '' Symphonie fantastique'' * Farewell: Joseph Haydn, Symphony No. 45 * The Fate of a Man: Jivan Gurgeni Ter-T'at'evosian, Symphony No. 2, ''The Fate of a Man'' (''Sud'ba cheloveka'') * Faust: Franz Liszt, '' Symphony No. 1 in C minor'' * Feuer (Fire): Joseph Haydn, Symphony No. 59 in A major * Fire (Feuer): Joseph Haydn, Symphony No. 59 in A major * The First of May: Dmitri Shostakovich, Symphony No. 3 in E-flat, Op. 20 * Fishermen of Loch Neagh:
Charles Villiers Stanford Sir Charles Villiers Stanford (30 September 1852 – 29 March 1924) was an Anglo-Irish composer, music teacher, and conductor of the late Romantic era. Born to a well-off and highly musical family in Dublin, Stanford was educated at the ...
, Irish Rhapsody for orchestra No. 4 in A minor, Op. 141 * Folksong: **
Roy Harris Roy Ellsworth Harris (February 12, 1898 – October 1, 1979) was an American composer. He wrote music on American subjects, and is best known for his Symphony No. 3. Life Harris was born in Chandler, Oklahoma on February 12, 1898. His ancestr ...
, Symphony No. 4 ** Felix Mendelssohn, ''Song without Words'' in A-flat major, Op. 53/5 * Fortieth:
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition r ...
, Symphony No. 40 in G minor, K. 550 * The Four Seasons: ** Antonio Vivaldi first four (violin) concertos from Op. 8 L'estro armonico **
Henry Kimball Hadley Henry Kimball Hadley (20 December 1871 – 6 September 1937) was an American composer and conductor.''Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians'', 8th edition, p. 692 Early life Hadley was born in Somerville, Massachusetts, to a musical ...
, Symphony No. 2 in F minor, Op. 30, 1899 * The Four Temperaments:
Carl Nielsen Carl August Nielsen (; 9 June 1865 – 3 October 1931) was a Danish composer, conductor and violinist, widely recognized as his country's most prominent composer. Brought up by poor yet musically talented parents on the island of Funen, he ...
, Symphony No. 2, Op. 16 * Free Men: Don Gillis, Symphony No. 3, ''A Symphony for Free Men'' * French: Boris Tishchenko, ''A French Symphony'' * French Mountain Air:
Vincent d'Indy Paul Marie Théodore Vincent d'Indy (; 27 March 18512 December 1931) was a French composer and teacher. His influence as a teacher, in particular, was considerable. He was a co-founder of the Schola Cantorum de Paris and also taught at the P ...
, '' Symphonie Cévenole'' ("
Cévennes The Cévennes ( , ; oc, Cevenas) is a cultural region and range of mountains in south-central France, on the south-east edge of the Massif Central. It covers parts of the ''départements'' of Ardèche, Gard, Hérault and Lozère. Rich in geogra ...
Symphony"), a.k.a. ''Symphonie sur un chant montagnard français'' (''Symphony on a French Mountain Air'') * From My Life:
Bedřich Smetana Bedřich Smetana ( , ; 2 March 1824 – 12 May 1884) was a Czech composer who pioneered the development of a musical style that became closely identified with his people's aspirations to a cultural and political "revival." He has been regarded i ...
, String Quartet No. 1 in E minor * From the New World: Antonín Dvořák, Symphony No. 9 in E minor, Op. 95 * From the Street:
Leoš Janáček Leoš Janáček (, baptised Leo Eugen Janáček; 3 July 1854 – 12 August 1928) was a Czech composer, musical theorist, folklorist, publicist, and teacher. He was inspired by Moravian and other Slavic musics, including Eastern European f ...
,
Piano Sonata A piano sonata is a sonata written for a solo piano. Piano sonatas are usually written in three or four movements, although some piano sonatas have been written with a single movement ( Scarlatti, Liszt, Scriabin, Medtner, Berg), others with ...
(also known as ''1. X. 1905'') * From the Welsh Hills:
Rutland Boughton Rutland Boughton (23 January 187825 January 1960) was an English composer who became well known in the early 20th century as a composer of opera and choral music. He was also an influential communist activist within the Communist Party of Gre ...
, String Quartet in G (1923) * Fun: Don Gillis, Symphony No. 5½, ''A Symphony for Fun'' * Funèbre et triomphale: Hector Berlioz, '' Grande symphonie funèbre et triomphale'' * Funeral March: ** Frédéric Chopin, Piano Sonata No. 2 in B flat minor, Op. 35 ** Felix Mendelssohn, ''Song without Words'' in E minor, Op. 62/3


G

* Gaelic:
Amy Beach Amy Marcy Cheney Beach (September 5, 1867December 27, 1944) was an American composer and pianist. She was the first successful American female composer of large-scale art music. Her "Gaelic" Symphony, premiered by the Boston Symphony Orchestra in ...
Symphony in E minor, Op. 32 * Il gardellino: Antonio Vivaldi Flute Concerto RV 428 (''The Goldfinch''); * Gasteiner:
Franz Schubert Franz Peter Schubert (; 31 January 179719 November 1828) was an Austrian composer of the late Classical and early Romantic eras. Despite his short lifetime, Schubert left behind a vast ''oeuvre'', including more than 600 secular vocal wo ...
, Piano Sonata No. 17 in D major, D. 850 * Gettysburg:
Roy Harris Roy Ellsworth Harris (February 12, 1898 – October 1, 1979) was an American composer. He wrote music on American subjects, and is best known for his Symphony No. 3. Life Harris was born in Chandler, Oklahoma on February 12, 1898. His ancestr ...
, Symphony No. 6 * Ghost:
Ludwig van Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. Beethoven remains one of the most admired composers in the history of Western music; his works rank amongst the most performed of the classic ...
, Piano Trios No. 5 in D major, Op. 70/1 * Gothic: **
Havergal Brian Havergal Brian (born William Brian; 29 January 187628 November 1972) was an English composer. He is best known for having composed 32 symphonies (an unusually high total for a 20th-century composer), most of them late in his life. His best-known ...
, Symphony No. 1 in D minor **
Charles-Marie Widor Charles-Marie-Jean-Albert Widor (21 February 1844 – 12 March 1937) was a French organist, composer and teacher of the mid-Romantic era, most notable for his ten organ symphonies. His Toccata from the fifth organ symphony has become one of th ...
, Symphony for Organ No. 9 * Il Gran Mogul concerto Violin Concerto RV 431a (''The Grand Moghul)''); * Gran Partita:
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition r ...
, Serenade No. 10 in B-flat major, K. 361 * Grand Duo:
Franz Schubert Franz Peter Schubert (; 31 January 179719 November 1828) was an Austrian composer of the late Classical and early Romantic eras. Despite his short lifetime, Schubert left behind a vast ''oeuvre'', including more than 600 secular vocal wo ...
, Sonata in C major for piano 4-hands, D. 812 * Great C major:
Franz Schubert Franz Peter Schubert (; 31 January 179719 November 1828) was an Austrian composer of the late Classical and early Romantic eras. Despite his short lifetime, Schubert left behind a vast ''oeuvre'', including more than 600 secular vocal wo ...
, Symphony No. 9 in C major, D. 944 * Great G minor:
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition r ...
, Symphony No. 40 in G minor, K. 550 * Greek:
Rutland Boughton Rutland Boughton (23 January 187825 January 1960) was an English composer who became well known in the early 20th century as a composer of opera and choral music. He was also an influential communist activist within the Communist Party of Gre ...
, String Quartet in A (1923) * Green Mountains, To the:
Alan Hovhaness Alan Hovhaness (; March 8, 1911 – June 21, 2000) was an American- Armenian composer. He was one of the most prolific 20th-century composers, with his official catalog comprising 67 numbered symphonies (surviving manuscripts indicate over 70) a ...
, Symphony No. 46, Op. 347 * A Guerra (The War): Heitor Villa-Lobos, Symphony No. 3


H

* Haffner: **
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition r ...
: *** Serenade No. 7 in D major, K. 250 *** Symphony No. 35 in D major, K. 385 * Hammerklavier:
Ludwig van Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. Beethoven remains one of the most admired composers in the history of Western music; his works rank amongst the most performed of the classic ...
, Piano Sonata No. 29 in B-flat major, Op. 106 * The Harmonious Blacksmith: George Frideric Handel, first movement of Suite No. 5 in E major, HWV 430 * Harold in Italy: Hector Berlioz, ''
Harold en Italie ''Harold en Italie,'' ''symphonie avec un alto principal'' (English: ''Harold in Italy,'' ''symphony with viola obbligato''), as the manuscript calls and describes it, is a four-movement orchestral work by Hector Berlioz, his Opus number, Opus 1 ...
'' (Symphony for viola and orchestra) * Harp:
Ludwig van Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. Beethoven remains one of the most admired composers in the history of Western music; his works rank amongst the most performed of the classic ...
, String Quartet No. 10 in E-flat major, Op. 74 * '' Helicopter String Quartet'':
Karlheinz Stockhausen Karlheinz Stockhausen (; 22 August 1928 – 5 December 2007) was a German composer, widely acknowledged by critics as one of the most important but also controversial composers of the 20th-century classical music, 20th and early 21st-century ...
* Hen: Joseph Haydn, Symphony No. 83 in G minor, Hob. I/83 * Heroes: Philip Glass, Symphony No. 4 * Heroic (see also ''Eroica''): ** Frédéric Chopin, Polonaise in A-flat major, Op. 53 ** Eduard Tubin, Symphony No. 3 * Héroïde-élégiaque: Franz Liszt, Hungarian Rhapsody No. 5, S. 244/5 * Hoffmeister:
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition r ...
, String Quartet No. 20 in D major, K. 499 * '' Hoffnung'': a string trio by
Karlheinz Stockhausen Karlheinz Stockhausen (; 22 August 1928 – 5 December 2007) was a German composer, widely acknowledged by critics as one of the most important but also controversial composers of the 20th-century classical music, 20th and early 21st-century ...
, the "ninth hour" of his '' Klang'' cycle * Holidays: Charles Ives, '' Holidays Symphony'' (''A Symphony: New England Holidays'') * Hornsignal: Joseph Haydn, Symphony No. 31 in D major * Humana: Jānis Ivanovs, Symphony No. 13, ''Symphonia Humana'' * Hunt: **
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition r ...
, String Quartet No. 17 in B-flat major, K. 458 **
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition r ...
, Piano Sonata No. 18 in D major, K. 576 **
Ludwig van Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. Beethoven remains one of the most admired composers in the history of Western music; his works rank amongst the most performed of the classic ...
, Piano Sonata No. 18 in E-flat major, Op. 31, No. 3 * Hunting Song: Felix Mendelssohn, ''Song without Words'' in A major, Op. 19/3 * Hydriotaphia:
William Alwyn William Alwyn (born William Alwyn Smith; 7 November 1905 – 11 September 1985), was an English composer, conductor, and music teacher. Life and music William Alwyn was born William Alwyn Smith in Northampton, the son of Ada Tyler (Tompkins ...
, Symphony No. 5 * Hymn to Glacier Peak:
Alan Hovhaness Alan Hovhaness (; March 8, 1911 – June 21, 2000) was an American- Armenian composer. He was one of the most prolific 20th-century composers, with his official catalog comprising 67 numbered symphonies (surviving manuscripts indicate over 70) a ...
, Symphony No. 66, Op. 428 * Hymn to the Mountains:
Alan Hovhaness Alan Hovhaness (; March 8, 1911 – June 21, 2000) was an American- Armenian composer. He was one of the most prolific 20th-century composers, with his official catalog comprising 67 numbered symphonies (surviving manuscripts indicate over 70) a ...
, Symphony No. 67, Op. 429 * Hymn of Praise (
Lobgesang ''Lobgesang'' (''Hymn of Praise''), Op. 52 ( MWV A 18), is an 11-movement "Symphony-Cantata on Words of the Holy Bible for Soloists, Choir and Orchestra" by Felix Mendelssohn. After the composer's death it was published as his Symphony No. 2 ...
): Felix Mendelssohn (posthumously named Symphony No. 2 in B-flat major), Op. 52


I

* The Icy Mirror:
Malcolm Williamson Malcolm Benjamin Graham Christopher Williamson, (21 November 19312 March 2003) was an Australian composer. He was the Master of the Queen's Music from 1975 until his death. Biography Williamson was born in Sydney in 1931; his father was an A ...
, Symphony No. 3 * L'impériale: Joseph Haydn, Symphony No. 53 in D major, Hob. I/53 * O Imprevisto (The Unforeseen): Heitor Villa-Lobos, Symphony No. 1 * In Memoriam: ** ''In Memoriam'' - Don Gillis, Symphony No. 5 ** ''In Memoriam'' - Arthur Sullivan, Overture in C, "In Memoriam" ** ''In Memoriam G. F. Watts'' -
Charles Villiers Stanford Sir Charles Villiers Stanford (30 September 1852 – 29 March 1924) was an Anglo-Irish composer, music teacher, and conductor of the late Romantic era. Born to a well-off and highly musical family in Dublin, Stanford was educated at the ...
, Symphony No. 6 in E-flat major, Op. 94 * In nomine Domini: Joseph Haydn, Symphony No. 84 in E-flat major, Hob. I/84 * In the Steppes of Central Asia: Alexander Borodin, Musical Picture: ''In Central Asia'' * India:
Carlos Chávez Carlos Antonio de Padua Chávez y Ramírez (13 June 1899 – 2 August 1978) was a Mexican composer, conductor, music theorist, educator, journalist, and founder and director of the Mexican Symphonic Orchestra. He was influenced by nativ ...
, Symphony No. 2, '' Sinfonia india'' * Inextinguishable:
Carl Nielsen Carl August Nielsen (; 9 June 1865 – 3 October 1931) was a Danish composer, conductor and violinist, widely recognized as his country's most prominent composer. Brought up by poor yet musically talented parents on the island of Funen, he ...
, Symphony No. 4, Op. 29 * Intimate Letters:
Leoš Janáček Leoš Janáček (, baptised Leo Eugen Janáček; 3 July 1854 – 12 August 1928) was a Czech composer, musical theorist, folklorist, publicist, and teacher. He was inspired by Moravian and other Slavic musics, including Eastern European f ...
, String Quartet No. 2 *L'inverno: Antonio Vivaldi, from ''Le quattro stagioni'', Violin Concerto RV 297, Op. 8 ''L'estro armonico'' fourth concerto (from ''The Four Seasons'': ''The Winter'') * Ipsa: Jānis Ivanovs, Symphony No. 15, ''Sinfonia Ipsa'' * Irish: **
Charles Villiers Stanford Sir Charles Villiers Stanford (30 September 1852 – 29 March 1924) was an Anglo-Irish composer, music teacher, and conductor of the late Romantic era. Born to a well-off and highly musical family in Dublin, Stanford was educated at the ...
, Symphony No. 3 in F minor, Op. 28 ** Arthur Sullivan: Symphony in E * Iron and Steel:
Sergei Prokofiev Sergei Sergeyevich Prokofiev; alternative transliterations of his name include ''Sergey'' or ''Serge'', and ''Prokofief'', ''Prokofieff'', or ''Prokofyev''., group=n (27 April .S. 15 April1891 – 5 March 1953) was a Russian composer, ...
, Symphony No. 2 in D minor, Op. 40 * Italian/Italienne: ** ''Italian'' - Felix Mendelssohn, Symphony No. 4 in A major, Op. 90 ** ''Italienne'' -
Vincent d'Indy Paul Marie Théodore Vincent d'Indy (; 27 March 18512 December 1931) was a French composer and teacher. His influence as a teacher, in particular, was considerable. He was a co-founder of the Schola Cantorum de Paris and also taught at the P ...
, Symphony No. 1 (never published)


J

* Janiculum:
Vincent Persichetti Vincent Ludwig Persichetti (June 6, 1915 – August 14, 1987) was an American composer, teacher, and pianist. An important musical educator and writer, he was known for his integration of various new ideas in musical composition into his own wo ...
, Symphony No. 9, ''Sinfonia Janiculum'' * Jealousy:
Leoš Janáček Leoš Janáček (, baptised Leo Eugen Janáček; 3 July 1854 – 12 August 1928) was a Czech composer, musical theorist, folklorist, publicist, and teacher. He was inspired by Moravian and other Slavic musics, including Eastern European f ...
, discarded overture to ''
Jenůfa ''Její pastorkyňa'' (''Her Stepdaughter''; commonly known as ''Jenůfa'' ) is an opera in three acts by Leoš Janáček to a Czech libretto by the composer, based on the play ''Její pastorkyňa'' by Gabriela Preissová. It was first performed ...
'' * Jena:
Friedrich Witt Friedrich Jeremias Witt (November 8, 1770 – January 3, 1836) was a German composer and cellist. He is perhaps best known as the likely author of a Symphony in C major known as the Jena Symphony, once attributed to Ludwig van Beethoven. Bio ...
, '' Jena Symphony'' * Jeremiah: ** Leonard Bernstein, Symphony No. 1 **
Bertold Hummel Bertold Hummel (27 November 1925 – 9 August 2002) was a German composer of modern classical music. Life Bertold Hummel was born in Hüfingen, Baden. He studied at the Academy of Music in Freiburg from 1947 to 1954, taking composition with Ha ...
, Symphony No. 3, Op. 100 * Jeunehomme:
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition r ...
, Piano Concerto No. 9 in E-flat major, K. 271 * Joke: Joseph Haydn, String Quartet in E-flat major, Op. 33, No. 2 * Journey: ** ''The Journey'' -
Einojuhani Rautavaara Einojuhani Rautavaara (; 9 October 1928 – 27 July 2016) was a Finnish composer of classical music. Among the most notable Finnish composers since Jean Sibelius (1865–1957), Rautavaara wrote a great number of works spanning various styles. ...
, Symphony No. 8 ** ''Journey to Vega'' -
Alan Hovhaness Alan Hovhaness (; March 8, 1911 – June 21, 2000) was an American- Armenian composer. He was one of the most prolific 20th-century composers, with his official catalog comprising 67 numbered symphonies (surviving manuscripts indicate over 70) a ...
, Symphony No. 52, Op. 372 ** ''Journey without Distance'' -
Richard Danielpour Richard Danielpour (born January 28, 1956) is an American composer. Early life Danielpour was born in New York City of Persian Jewish descent and grew up in New York City and West Palm Beach, Florida. He studied at Oberlin College and the New E ...
, Symphony No. 3 * Jubilee:
Malcolm Williamson Malcolm Benjamin Graham Christopher Williamson, (21 November 19312 March 2003) was an Australian composer. He was the Master of the Queen's Music from 1975 until his death. Biography Williamson was born in Sydney in 1931; his father was an A ...
, Symphony No. 4 * Jupiter:
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition r ...
, Symphony No. 41 in C major, K. 551


K

* Kaddish: Leonard Bernstein, Symphony No. 3 * Kayagum:
Alan Hovhaness Alan Hovhaness (; March 8, 1911 – June 21, 2000) was an American- Armenian composer. He was one of the most prolific 20th-century composers, with his official catalog comprising 67 numbered symphonies (surviving manuscripts indicate over 70) a ...
, Symphony No. 16, Op. 202 * Kegelstatt:
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition r ...
, Trio for Clarinet, Viola and Piano in E-flat major, K. 498 * Kinderstück: Felix Mendelssohn, ''Song without Words'' in A major, Op. 102/5 * Klagegesang:
Karl Amadeus Hartmann Karl Amadeus Hartmann (2 August 1905 – 5 December 1963) was a German composer. Sometimes described as the greatest German symphonist of the 20th century, he is now largely overlooked, particularly in English-speaking countries. Life Born in ...
, Symphony (1944), later reworked as part of Symphony No. 3 * Kleetüden: Jason Wright Wingate, Symphony No. 2, ''Kleetüden'' * Korean:
Krzysztof Penderecki Krzysztof Eugeniusz Penderecki (; 23 November 1933 – 29 March 2020) was a Polish composer and conductor. His best known works include ''Threnody to the Victims of Hiroshima'', Symphony No. 3, his '' St Luke Passion'', '' Polish Requiem'', ' ...
, Symphony No. 5 * Kreutzer: ** ''Kreutzer'' -
Ludwig van Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. Beethoven remains one of the most admired composers in the history of Western music; his works rank amongst the most performed of the classic ...
, Violin Sonata No. 9 in A major, Op. 47 ** ''Kreutzer Sonata'' -
Leoš Janáček Leoš Janáček (, baptised Leo Eugen Janáček; 3 July 1854 – 12 August 1928) was a Czech composer, musical theorist, folklorist, publicist, and teacher. He was inspired by Moravian and other Slavic musics, including Eastern European f ...
, String Quartet No. 1 (not named directly after Beethoven's composition, but after the novella ''
The Kreutzer Sonata ''The Kreutzer Sonata'' (russian: Крейцерова соната, ) is a novella by Leo Tolstoy, named after Beethoven's Kreutzer Sonata. The novella was published in 1889, and was promptly censored by the Russian authorities. The work is a ...
'' by
Leo Tolstoy Count Lev Nikolayevich TolstoyTolstoy pronounced his first name as , which corresponds to the romanization ''Lyov''. () (; russian: link=no, Лев Николаевич Толстой,In Tolstoy's day, his name was written as in pre-refor ...
, which was in turn inspired by Beethoven)


L

* Lambach: attrib.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition r ...
, Symphony in G major, K. Anh 221 (K. 45a) (c. 1766. Generally believed to be Leopold Mozart's work) * Lament for the Son of Ossian:
Charles Villiers Stanford Sir Charles Villiers Stanford (30 September 1852 – 29 March 1924) was an Anglo-Irish composer, music teacher, and conductor of the late Romantic era. Born to a well-off and highly musical family in Dublin, Stanford was educated at the ...
, Irish Rhapsody for orchestra No. 2 in F minor, Op. 84 * Lamentatione: Joseph Haydn, Symphony No. 26 in D minor, Hob. I/26 * Lark: Joseph Haydn, Quartet No. 53 in D major, Op. 64, No. 5, FHE No. 35, Hoboken No. III:63 * Last:
Franz Schubert Franz Peter Schubert (; 31 January 179719 November 1828) was an Austrian composer of the late Classical and early Romantic eras. Despite his short lifetime, Schubert left behind a vast ''oeuvre'', including more than 600 secular vocal wo ...
, Symphony No. 10 in D major, D. 936a * Latgalian: Jānis Ivanovs, Symphony No. 6 * Laudon: Joseph Haydn, Symphony No. 69 in C major, Hob. I/69 * La Madre De Los Gatos: Brian Beck * Lebensstürme:
Franz Schubert Franz Peter Schubert (; 31 January 179719 November 1828) was an Austrian composer of the late Classical and early Romantic eras. Despite his short lifetime, Schubert left behind a vast ''oeuvre'', including more than 600 secular vocal wo ...
, Duo in A minor for piano 4-hands, D. 947 * Legendary: Eduard Tubin, Symphony No. 2 * Leningrad: **
Charles Camilleri Charles Camilleri (7 September 1931 – 3 January 2009) was a Maltese composer. Early life Camilleri was born in Ħamrun and, as a teenager, composed many works based on folk music and legends of his native Malta. Career Camilleri moved fro ...
, Piano Concerto No. 3 (1986) ** Dmitri Shostakovich, Symphony No. 7 in C major, Op. 60 * Letter V: Joseph Haydn, Symphony No. 88 in G major, Hob. I/88 * Das Lied von der Erde (The Song of the Earth): Gustav Mahler, ''
Das Lied von der Erde ''Das Lied von der Erde'' ("The Song of the Earth") is an orchestral song cycle for two voices and orchestra written by Gustav Mahler between 1908 and 1909. Described as a symphony when published, it comprises six songs for two singers who alte ...
'' (a symphony in the guise of a song cycle) * Lieder der Vergänglichkeit (Songs of Transience):
Krzysztof Penderecki Krzysztof Eugeniusz Penderecki (; 23 November 1933 – 29 March 2020) was a Polish composer and conductor. His best known works include ''Threnody to the Victims of Hiroshima'', Symphony No. 3, his '' St Luke Passion'', '' Polish Requiem'', ' ...
, Symphony No. 8 * Linz:
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition r ...
, Symphony No. 36 in C major, K. 425 * Little C major:
Franz Schubert Franz Peter Schubert (; 31 January 179719 November 1828) was an Austrian composer of the late Classical and early Romantic eras. Despite his short lifetime, Schubert left behind a vast ''oeuvre'', including more than 600 secular vocal wo ...
, Symphony No. 6 in C major, D. 589 * Little G minor:
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition r ...
, Symphony No. 25 in G minor, K. 183/173 dB * A Little Night Music:
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition r ...
, Serenade No. 13 in G major, ''Eine kleine Nachtmusik'', K. 525 * Little Russian:
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky , group=n ( ; 7 May 1840 – 6 November 1893) was a Russian composer of the Romantic period. He was the first Russian composer whose music would make a lasting impression internationally. He wrote some of the most pop ...
, Symphony No. 2 in C minor, Op. 17 * Liturgical/Liturgique/Liturgy: ** ''Liturgical'' -
Vincent Persichetti Vincent Ludwig Persichetti (June 6, 1915 – August 14, 1987) was an American composer, teacher, and pianist. An important musical educator and writer, he was known for his integration of various new ideas in musical composition into his own wo ...
, Symphony No. 7 ** ''Liturgique'' -
Arthur Honegger Arthur Honegger (; 10 March 1892 – 27 November 1955) was a Swiss composer who was born in France and lived a large part of his life in Paris. A member of Les Six, his best known work is probably ''Antigone'', composed between 1924 and 1927 t ...
, Symphony No. 3, H. 186 ** ''Liturgy of Homage to the
Australian Broadcasting Commission The Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) is the national broadcaster of Australia. It is principally funded by direct grants from the Australian Government and is administered by a government-appointed board. The ABC is a publicly-owned ...
in its Fiftieth Year as University to the Australian Nation'' -
Malcolm Williamson Malcolm Benjamin Graham Christopher Williamson, (21 November 19312 March 2003) was an Australian composer. He was the Master of the Queen's Music from 1975 until his death. Biography Williamson was born in Sydney in 1931; his father was an A ...
, Symphony No. 6 *
Lobgesang ''Lobgesang'' (''Hymn of Praise''), Op. 52 ( MWV A 18), is an 11-movement "Symphony-Cantata on Words of the Holy Bible for Soloists, Choir and Orchestra" by Felix Mendelssohn. After the composer's death it was published as his Symphony No. 2 ...
(Hymn of Praise): Felix Mendelssohn (posthumously named Symphony No. 2 in B-flat major), Op. 52 * Lobkowitz: Joseph Haydn, String Quartets, Op. 77 * Lodi:
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition r ...
, String Quartet No. 1 in G major, K. 80/73f * London: ** ''London'' - Joseph Haydn, Symphony No. 104 in D major, Hob. I/104 ** ''A London Symphony'' - Ralph Vaughan Williams, Symphony No. 2 * Loon Lake:
Alan Hovhaness Alan Hovhaness (; March 8, 1911 – June 21, 2000) was an American- Armenian composer. He was one of the most prolific 20th-century composers, with his official catalog comprising 67 numbered symphonies (surviving manuscripts indicate over 70) a ...
, Symphony No. 63, Op. 411 * The Lord of the Rings:
Johan de Meij Johannes Abraham "Johan" de Meij (; born November 23, 1953 in Voorburg) is a Dutch conductor, trombonist, and composer, best known for his '' Symphony No. 1'' for wind ensemble, nicknamed ''The Lord of the Rings'' symphony. Biography Johan de ...
, Symphony No. 1 * Los Angeles: Arvo Pärt, Symphony No. 4 * Low: Philip Glass, Symphony No. 1 * Lützow:
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition r ...
, Piano Concerto No. 8 in C major, K. 246 * Lyrical: Eduard Tubin, Symphony No. 4


M

* Madigan, Elvira:
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition r ...
, Piano Concerto No. 21 in C major, K. 467 * Majnun:
Alan Hovhaness Alan Hovhaness (; March 8, 1911 – June 21, 2000) was an American- Armenian composer. He was one of the most prolific 20th-century composers, with his official catalog comprising 67 numbered symphonies (surviving manuscripts indicate over 70) a ...
, Symphony No. 24, Op. 273 * Manfred:
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky , group=n ( ; 7 May 1840 – 6 November 1893) was a Russian composer of the Romantic period. He was the first Russian composer whose music would make a lasting impression internationally. He wrote some of the most pop ...
, Symphony No. 7 in B minor, Op. 58 * Maqam:
Charles Camilleri Charles Camilleri (7 September 1931 – 3 January 2009) was a Maltese composer. Early life Camilleri was born in Ħamrun and, as a teenager, composed many works based on folk music and legends of his native Malta. Career Camilleri moved fro ...
, Piano Concerto No. 2 (1967–68) * Maria Theresa: Joseph Haydn, Symphony No. 48 in C major, Hob. I/48 * Mathis der Maler:
Paul Hindemith Paul Hindemith (; 16 November 189528 December 1963) was a German composer, music theorist, teacher, violist and conductor. He founded the Amar Quartet in 1921, touring extensively in Europe. As a composer, he became a major advocate of the ' ...
, Symphony: ''Mathis der Maler'' * Le matin: Joseph Haydn, Symphony No. 6 in D major, Hob. I/6 * Mediterranean:
Charles Camilleri Charles Camilleri (7 September 1931 – 3 January 2009) was a Maltese composer. Early life Camilleri was born in Ħamrun and, as a teenager, composed many works based on folk music and legends of his native Malta. Career Camilleri moved fro ...
, Piano Concerto No. 1 (1948, rev. 1978) * Melancolía de tu recuerdo, Soria, En la:
David del Puerto David del Puerto is a Spanish composer. Biography Born in 1964 in Madrid, musically trained in the guitar, disciple of Francisco Guerrero and Luis de Pablo in his native city, David del Puerto emerged very early as one of the most talented compose ...
, Symphony No. 3 * Memoriam, In: see ''In Memoriam'' * Mercury: Joseph Haydn, Symphony No. 43 in E-flat major, Hob. I/43 * Metal Orchestra:
Alan Hovhaness Alan Hovhaness (; March 8, 1911 – June 21, 2000) was an American- Armenian composer. He was one of the most prolific 20th-century composers, with his official catalog comprising 67 numbered symphonies (surviving manuscripts indicate over 70) a ...
, Symphony No. 17, Op. 203, ''Symphony for Metal Orchestra'' * Metropolis: Michael Daugherty, '' Metropolis Symphony'' * Le midi: Joseph Haydn, Symphony No. 7 in C major, Hob. I/7 * Midsummer Vigil: Hugo Alfven, Swedish Rhapsody No. 1 in D Major Op. 19 * Military: ** Frédéric Chopin, Polonaise in A major, Op. 40/1 ** Joseph Haydn, Symphony No. 100 in G major, Hob. I/100 * Minute: Frédéric Chopin, Waltz No. 6 in D flat, Op. 64/1 * Miracle: Joseph Haydn, Symphony No. 96 in D major, Hob. I/96 * Miserae:
Karl Amadeus Hartmann Karl Amadeus Hartmann (2 August 1905 – 5 December 1963) was a German composer. Sometimes described as the greatest German symphonist of the 20th century, he is now largely overlooked, particularly in English-speaking countries. Life Born in ...
, Symphony No. 1 (later retitled simply 'Symphonic Poem') * Missions of California:
Meredith Willson Robert Reiniger Meredith Willson (May 18, 1902 – June 15, 1984) was an American flutist, composer, conductor, musical arranger, bandleader, playwright, and writer. He is perhaps best known for writing the book, music, and lyrics for the 19 ...
, Symphony No. 2 in E minor * Moonlight:
Ludwig van Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. Beethoven remains one of the most admired composers in the history of Western music; his works rank amongst the most performed of the classic ...
, Piano Sonata No. 14 in C-sharp minor, Op. 27 * Mount St. Helens:
Alan Hovhaness Alan Hovhaness (; March 8, 1911 – June 21, 2000) was an American- Armenian composer. He was one of the most prolific 20th-century composers, with his official catalog comprising 67 numbered symphonies (surviving manuscripts indicate over 70) a ...
, Symphony No. 50, Op. 360 * The Mountains of Brasil (Montanhas do Brasil): Heitor Villa-Lobos, Symphony No. 6 * Mountains and Rivers Without End:
Alan Hovhaness Alan Hovhaness (; March 8, 1911 – June 21, 2000) was an American- Armenian composer. He was one of the most prolific 20th-century composers, with his official catalog comprising 67 numbered symphonies (surviving manuscripts indicate over 70) a ...
, Chamber Symphony for 10 Players, Op. 225 * Mozartiana:
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky , group=n ( ; 7 May 1840 – 6 November 1893) was a Russian composer of the Romantic period. He was the first Russian composer whose music would make a lasting impression internationally. He wrote some of the most pop ...
, Orchestral Suite No. 4, Op. 61 * A Musical Joke:
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition r ...
, Divertimento for two horns and strings, K. 522 * Mysterious Mountain:
Alan Hovhaness Alan Hovhaness (; March 8, 1911 – June 21, 2000) was an American- Armenian composer. He was one of the most prolific 20th-century composers, with his official catalog comprising 67 numbered symphonies (surviving manuscripts indicate over 70) a ...
, Symphony No. 2, Op. 132


N

* Naïve:
Franz Berwald Franz Adolf Berwald (23 July 1796 – 3 April 1868) was a Swedish Romantic composer. He made his living as an orthopedist and later as the manager of a saw mill and glass factory, and became more appreciated as a composer after his death than he ...
, Symphony No. 4 in E-flat major * Nanga Parvat:
Alan Hovhaness Alan Hovhaness (; March 8, 1911 – June 21, 2000) was an American- Armenian composer. He was one of the most prolific 20th-century composers, with his official catalog comprising 67 numbered symphonies (surviving manuscripts indicate over 70) a ...
, Symphony No. 7, Op. 178 *
Naxos Quartets The Naxos Quartets are a series of ten string quartets by the English composer Peter Maxwell Davies. They were written between 2001 and 2007 to a commission from Naxos Records. In 2001 the Maggini Quartet was appointed to record all ten for the ...
:
Peter Maxwell Davies Sir Peter Maxwell Davies (8 September 1934 – 14 March 2016) was an English composer and conductor, who in 2004 was made Master of the Queen's Music. As a student at both the University of Manchester and the Royal Manchester College of Musi ...
, a set of ten string quartets * New England Holidays: Charles Ives, '' Holidays Symphony'' (''A Symphony: New England Holidays'') * New World: Antonín Dvořák, Symphony No. 9 in E minor, ''From the New World'', Op. 95 * New York:
Johan de Meij Johannes Abraham "Johan" de Meij (; born November 23, 1953 in Voorburg) is a Dutch conductor, trombonist, and composer, best known for his '' Symphony No. 1'' for wind ensemble, nicknamed ''The Lord of the Rings'' symphony. Biography Johan de ...
, Symphony No. 2, ''A New York Symphony'' * Nomine Domini, In: Joseph Haydn, Symphony No. 84 in E-flat major, Hob. I/84 * Nordic:
Howard Hanson Howard Harold Hanson (October 28, 1896 – February 26, 1981)''The New York Times'' – Obituaries. Harold C. Schonberg. February 28, 1981 p. 1011/ref> was an American composer, conductor, educator, music theorist, and champion of American class ...
, Symphony No. 1 * North, East, South, West:
Henry Kimball Hadley Henry Kimball Hadley (20 December 1871 – 6 September 1937) was an American composer and conductor.''Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians'', 8th edition, p. 692 Early life Hadley was born in Somerville, Massachusetts, to a musical ...
, Symphony No. 4 in D minor, Op. 64 * Norwich:
Edward German Sir Edward German (17 February 1862 – 11 November 1936) was an English musician and composer of Welsh descent, best remembered for his extensive output of incidental music for the stage and as a successor to Arthur Sullivan in the field of En ...
, Symphony No. 2 in A minor * La notte: Antonio Vivaldi, Bassoon Concerto RV 501 (''The Night'') * Die Nullte: Anton Bruckner, Symphony No. 0 in D minor * Nusantara:
David del Puerto David del Puerto is a Spanish composer. Biography Born in 1964 in Madrid, musically trained in the guitar, disciple of Francisco Guerrero and Luis de Pablo in his native city, David del Puerto emerged very early as one of the most talented compose ...
, Symphony No. 2


O

* Ocean:
Anton Rubinstein Anton Grigoryevich Rubinstein ( rus, Антон Григорьевич Рубинштейн, r=Anton Grigor'evič Rubinštejn; ) was a Russian pianist, composer and conductor who became a pivotal figure in Russian culture when he founded the Sa ...
, Symphony No. 2 in C major, Op. 42 * Ocean Etude: Frédéric Chopin, Etude Op 25 #12 * To October: Dmitri Shostakovich, Symphony No. 2 in B major, Op. 14 * Ode to Silence:
Anatol Vieru Anatol Vieru (; 8 June 1926 – 8 October 1998) was a Romanian-Jewish music theoretician, pedagogue, and composer. A pupil of Aram Khachaturian, he composed seven symphonies, eight string quartets, concertos, and chamber music. He also wrote t ...
: Symphony No. 1 * Odense: attrib.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition r ...
, Symphony in A minor, K. Anh 220 (K. 16a) (spurious) * Odysseus:
Alan Hovhaness Alan Hovhaness (; March 8, 1911 – June 21, 2000) was an American- Armenian composer. He was one of the most prolific 20th-century composers, with his official catalog comprising 67 numbered symphonies (surviving manuscripts indicate over 70) a ...
, Symphony No. 25, Op. 275 * L'Œuvre:
Karl Amadeus Hartmann Karl Amadeus Hartmann (2 August 1905 – 5 December 1963) was a German composer. Sometimes described as the greatest German symphonist of the 20th century, he is now largely overlooked, particularly in English-speaking countries. Life Born in ...
, Symphony (1937–38), material later re-worked in Symphony No. 6 * Oh Let Man Not Forget These Words Divine:
Alan Hovhaness Alan Hovhaness (; March 8, 1911 – June 21, 2000) was an American- Armenian composer. He was one of the most prolific 20th-century composers, with his official catalog comprising 67 numbered symphonies (surviving manuscripts indicate over 70) a ...
, Symphony No. 62, Op. 402 *
Oliver Cromwell Oliver Cromwell (25 April 15993 September 1658) was an English politician and military officer who is widely regarded as one of the most important statesmen in English history. He came to prominence during the 1639 to 1651 Wars of the Three K ...
:
Rutland Boughton Rutland Boughton (23 January 187825 January 1960) was an English composer who became well known in the early 20th century as a composer of opera and choral music. He was also an influential communist activist within the Communist Party of Gre ...
, Symphony No 1 (1904-5) * Organ: **
Aaron Copland Aaron Copland (, ; November 14, 1900December 2, 1990) was an American composer, composition teacher, writer, and later a conductor of his own and other American music. Copland was referred to by his peers and critics as "the Dean of American Com ...
, ''Organ Symphony'' (his Symphony No. 1 is an arrangement of this symphony without the organ) ** Camille Saint-Saëns, Symphony No. 3 in C minor, Op. 78 * Overture in the Italian Style:
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition r ...
, Symphony No. 32 in G major, K. 318 * Oxford: Joseph Haydn, Symphony No. 92 in G major, Hob. I/92


P

* Paganini: Jivan Gurgeni Ter-T'at'evosian, Symphony No. 5 * Palindrome: Joseph Haydn, Symphony No. 47 in G major, Hob. I/47 * Paris:
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition r ...
, Symphony No. 31 in D major, K. 297/300a * La passione: Joseph Haydn, Symphony No. 49 in F minor, Hob. I/49 * Pastoral: **
Ludwig van Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. Beethoven remains one of the most admired composers in the history of Western music; his works rank amongst the most performed of the classic ...
, Piano Sonata No. 15 in D major, Op. 28 **
Ludwig van Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. Beethoven remains one of the most admired composers in the history of Western music; his works rank amongst the most performed of the classic ...
, Symphony No. 6 in F major, Op. 68 ** Alexander Glazunov, Symphony No. 7 in F major, Op. 77 ** Ralph Vaughan Williams, Symphony No. 3, ''A Pastoral Symphony'' * La pastorella: Antonio Vivaldi, Recorder, oboe concerto RV 95/95a (''The Little Shepherdess'') * Pathétique: **
Ludwig van Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. Beethoven remains one of the most admired composers in the history of Western music; his works rank amongst the most performed of the classic ...
, Piano Sonata No. 8 in C minor, Op. 13 ** Franz Liszt,
Concerto pathétique The ''Concerto pathétique'' ( S.258/2), completed in 1866, is Franz Liszt's most substantial and ambitious two-piano work. At least three piano concerto arrangements of the work have been made by other composers, based on Liszt's suggestions. H ...
for 2 pianos, S. 258 **
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky , group=n ( ; 7 May 1840 – 6 November 1893) was a Russian composer of the Romantic period. He was the first Russian composer whose music would make a lasting impression internationally. He wrote some of the most pop ...
, Symphony No. 6 in B minor, Op. 74 * Pauses: Anton Bruckner, Symphony No. 2 in C minor, ''Symphony of Pauses'' * Peace: ** ''Peace, Symphony of'' (Sinfonia da Paz) -
Cláudio Santoro Cláudio Franco de Sá Santoro (23 November 1919 – 27 March 1989) was an internationally renowned Brazilian composer, conductor and violinist. Biography Early life A native of Manaus, the capital of Amazonas, Santoro started to study violin ...
, Symphony No. 4 ** ''The Peace'' (A Paz) - Heitor Villa-Lobos, Symphony No. 5 (lost) * Pesther Carneval: Franz Liszt, Hungarian Rhapsody No. 9, S. 244/9 * Philosopher: Joseph Haydn, Symphony No. 22 in E-flat major, Hob. I/22 * Pilgrim på Havet:
Malcolm Williamson Malcolm Benjamin Graham Christopher Williamson, (21 November 19312 March 2003) was an Australian composer. He was the Master of the Queen's Music from 1975 until his death. Biography Williamson was born in Sydney in 1931; his father was an A ...
, Symphony No. 2 * Pilgrimage of a Little Soul:
Leoš Janáček Leoš Janáček (, baptised Leo Eugen Janáček; 3 July 1854 – 12 August 1928) was a Czech composer, musical theorist, folklorist, publicist, and teacher. He was inspired by Moravian and other Slavic musics, including Eastern European f ...
,
Violin Concerto A violin concerto is a concerto for solo violin (occasionally, two or more violins) and instrumental ensemble (customarily orchestra). Such works have been written since the Baroque period, when the solo concerto form was first developed, up thro ...
(unfinished) * The Pioneers: Don Gillis, Symphony No. 6 * Les plaintes d'un troubadour:
Franz Schubert Franz Peter Schubert (; 31 January 179719 November 1828) was an Austrian composer of the late Classical and early Romantic eras. Despite his short lifetime, Schubert left behind a vast ''oeuvre'', including more than 600 secular vocal wo ...
, Moment musical No. 6 in A-flat major, D. 780/6 * Planet Earth:
Johan de Meij Johannes Abraham "Johan" de Meij (; born November 23, 1953 in Voorburg) is a Dutch conductor, trombonist, and composer, best known for his '' Symphony No. 1'' for wind ensemble, nicknamed ''The Lord of the Rings'' symphony. Biography Johan de ...
, Symphony No. 3 * Pleiades M45: William T. Blows, Symphony No. 2 * Plutonian Ode: Philip Glass, Symphony No. 6 * The Poem of Ecstasy: Alexander Scriabin, symphonic poem ''The Poem of Ecstasy'', Op. 54 (sometimes called "Symphony No. 4") * Poétique: William T. Blows, Symphony No. 9 * Polish:
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky , group=n ( ; 7 May 1840 – 6 November 1893) was a Russian composer of the Romantic period. He was the first Russian composer whose music would make a lasting impression internationally. He wrote some of the most pop ...
, Symphony No. 3 in D major, Op. 29 * Polyphonic: Arvo Pärt, Symphony No. 1 * Pomes Penyeach:
Michael Jeffrey Shapiro Michael Jeffrey Shapiro is an American composer, conductor, and author. The son of a Klezmer band clarinetist, Michael Shapiro spent most of his high school years in Baldwin, a Long Island suburb, where he was a music student of Consuelo Elsa ...
, Symphony No. 1 * Posthorn:
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition r ...
, Serenade No. 9 in D major, K. 320 * Prague: **
Dmitry Kabalevsky Dmitry Borisovich Kabalevsky (russian: Дми́трий Бори́сович Кабале́вский ; 14 February 1987) was a Soviet composer, conductor, pianist and pedagogue of Russian gentry descent. He helped set up the Union of Soviet Co ...
, Piano Concerto No. 4, Op. 99 **
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition r ...
, Symphony No. 38 in D major, K. 504 *La primavera: Antonio Vivaldi, from ''Le quattro stagioni'', Violin Concerto RV 269, Op. 8 ''L'estro armonico'' first concerto (from ''The Four Seasons'': ''The Spring'') * Prussian: ** Joseph Haydn, String Quartets, Op. 50 **
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition r ...
, String Quartets No. 21-23, K. 575, 589, 590 * Psalms: Igor Stravinsky, ''
Symphony of Psalms The ''Symphony of Psalms'' is a choral symphony in three movements composed by Igor Stravinsky in 1930 during his neoclassical period. The work was commissioned by Serge Koussevitzky to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Boston Symphony Orc ...
'' * Pushkin: Boris Tishchenko, ''A Pushkin Symphony''


Q

* Queen: **
Tolga Kashif Tolga Kashif (Tolga Kaşif) (born 1962) is a British born musical conductor, composer, orchestrator, producer and arranger of Turkish Cypriot descent. Early life Turkish-Cypriot Tolga Kashif was born in London. Before going on to further educat ...
, ''The Queen Symphony'' (based on the music of the pop group
Queen Queen or QUEEN may refer to: Monarchy * Queen regnant, a female monarch of a Kingdom ** List of queens regnant * Queen consort, the wife of a reigning king * Queen dowager, the widow of a king * Queen mother, a queen dowager who is the mother ...
) ** see also ''La Reine''


R

* Raindrop: Frédéric Chopin, Prelude No. 15 in D flat major, Op. 28/15 * Rákóczi March: Franz Liszt, Hungarian Rhapsody No. 15, S. 244/15 * Rasumovsky:
Ludwig van Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. Beethoven remains one of the most admired composers in the history of Western music; his works rank amongst the most performed of the classic ...
, String Quartets Nos. 7 – 9, Op. 59 * Rebirth:
Mieczysław Karłowicz Mieczysław Karłowicz (, 11 December 18768 February 1909) was a Polish composer and conductor. Life Mieczysław Karłowicz was born in Vishneva, in the Vilna Governorate of the Russian Empire (now in Belarus) into a noble family belonging to ...
, Symphony in E minor, Op. 7 * Reformation: Felix Mendelssohn, Symphony No. 5 in D major/minor, Op. 107 * La Reine (The Queen): Joseph Haydn, Symphony No. 85 in B-flat major, Hob. I/85 * Reliquie:
Franz Schubert Franz Peter Schubert (; 31 January 179719 November 1828) was an Austrian composer of the late Classical and early Romantic eras. Despite his short lifetime, Schubert left behind a vast ''oeuvre'', including more than 600 secular vocal wo ...
, Piano Sonata No. 15 in C major, D. 840 * Requiem: **
Benjamin Britten Edward Benjamin Britten, Baron Britten (22 November 1913 – 4 December 1976, aged 63) was an English composer, conductor, and pianist. He was a central figure of 20th-century British music, with a range of works including opera, other ...
, ''
Sinfonia da Requiem ''Sinfonia da Requiem'', Op. 20, for orchestra is a symphony written by Benjamin Britten in 1940 at the age of 26. It was one of several works commissioned from different composers by the Japanese government to mark Emperor Jimmu's 2600th annive ...
'' **
Howard Hanson Howard Harold Hanson (October 28, 1896 – February 26, 1981)''The New York Times'' – Obituaries. Harold C. Schonberg. February 28, 1981 p. 1011/ref> was an American composer, conductor, educator, music theorist, and champion of American class ...
, Symphony No. 4 **
Dmitry Kabalevsky Dmitry Borisovich Kabalevsky (russian: Дми́трий Бори́сович Кабале́вский ; 14 February 1987) was a Soviet composer, conductor, pianist and pedagogue of Russian gentry descent. He helped set up the Union of Soviet Co ...
, Symphony No. 3, Op. 22 * Resurrection: Gustav Mahler, Symphony No. 2 in C minor * Reverenza:
Bertold Hummel Bertold Hummel (27 November 1925 – 9 August 2002) was a German composer of modern classical music. Life Bertold Hummel was born in Hüfingen, Baden. He studied at the Academy of Music in Freiburg from 1947 to 1954, taking composition with Ha ...
, Symphony No. 2 * Revolutionary: Frédéric Chopin, Etude in C minor, Op. 10/12 * Rhapsodic: William T. Blows, Symphony No. 8 * Rhenish: Robert Schumann, Symphony No. 3 in E-flat major, Op. 97 * Robusta: Boris Tishchenko, ''Sinfonia Robusta'' * Roma: Georges Bizet, ''Roma'' Symphony * Roman:
Charles-Marie Widor Charles-Marie-Jean-Albert Widor (21 February 1844 – 12 March 1937) was a French organist, composer and teacher of the mid-Romantic era, most notable for his ten organ symphonies. His Toccata from the fifth organ symphony has become one of th ...
, Symphony for Organ No. 10 * Romantic/Romantica: ** ''Romantic'' - William T. Blows, Symphony No. 7 ** ''Romantic'' - Anton Bruckner, Symphony No. 4 in E-flat major ** ''Romantic'' -
Howard Hanson Howard Harold Hanson (October 28, 1896 – February 26, 1981)''The New York Times'' – Obituaries. Harold C. Schonberg. February 28, 1981 p. 1011/ref> was an American composer, conductor, educator, music theorist, and champion of American class ...
, Symphony No. 2 in D-flat major, Op. 30 ** ''Romantica'' -
Carlos Chávez Carlos Antonio de Padua Chávez y Ramírez (13 June 1899 – 2 August 1978) was a Mexican composer, conductor, music theorist, educator, journalist, and founder and director of the Mexican Symphonic Orchestra. He was influenced by nativ ...
, Symphony No. 4, ''Sinfonía romántica'' * Roméo et Juliette: Hector Berlioz, ''Roméo et Juliette'' Symphony * Rosamunde (
Franz Schubert Franz Peter Schubert (; 31 January 179719 November 1828) was an Austrian composer of the late Classical and early Romantic eras. Despite his short lifetime, Schubert left behind a vast ''oeuvre'', including more than 600 secular vocal wo ...
): ** String Quartet No. 13 in A minor, D. 804 ** Impromptu No. 3 in B-flat major, D. 935/3 * Rotary:
Karlheinz Stockhausen Karlheinz Stockhausen (; 22 August 1928 – 5 December 2007) was a German composer, widely acknowledged by critics as one of the most important but also controversial composers of the 20th-century classical music, 20th and early 21st-century ...
: '' Rotary Wind Quintet'' (the composer's third un-numbered wind quintet) * La Roxelane: Joseph Haydn, Symphony No. 63 in C major, Hob. I/63 * Russian: Joseph Haydn, String Quartets, Op. 33 * Rustic/Rustica: ** ''Rustic'' - William T. Blows, Symphony No. 6 ** ''Rustic Wedding'' -
Karl Goldmark Karl Goldmark (born Károly Goldmark, Keszthely, 18 May 1830 – Vienna, 2 January 1915) was a Hungarian-born Viennese composer.Peter Revers, Michael Cherlin, Halina Filipowicz, Richard L. Rudolph The Great Tradition and Its Legacy 2004; , p. ...
, '' Rustic Wedding Symphony'' (''Ländliche Hochzeit'', literally "Countryside Wedding") ** ''Rustica'' -
Vagn Holmboe Vagn Gylding Holmboe (, 20 December 1909 – 1 September 1996) was a Danish composer and teacher. Life Vagn Holmboe was born in Horsens, Jutland, into a merchant family of dedicated amateur musicians. Both parents played the piano. His fa ...
, Symphony No. 3, ''Sinfonia Rustica'' ** ''Alla rustica'' - Antonio Vivaldi Violin Concerto RV 151


S

* Sacra: ** ''Sinfonia Sacra'' -
Howard Hanson Howard Harold Hanson (October 28, 1896 – February 26, 1981)''The New York Times'' – Obituaries. Harold C. Schonberg. February 28, 1981 p. 1011/ref> was an American composer, conductor, educator, music theorist, and champion of American class ...
, Symphony No. 5 ** ''Sinfonia Sacra'' -
Andrzej Panufnik Sir Andrzej Panufnik (24 September 1914 – 27 October 1991) was a Poles, Polish composer and conductor. He became established as one of the leading Polish composers, and as a conductor he was instrumental in the re-establishment of the Warsaw ...
, Symphony No. 3 ** ''Sinfonia Sacra'' -
Charles-Marie Widor Charles-Marie-Jean-Albert Widor (21 February 1844 – 12 March 1937) was a French organist, composer and teacher of the mid-Romantic era, most notable for his ten organ symphonies. His Toccata from the fifth organ symphony has become one of th ...
, ''Sinfonia sacra'' for organ and orchestra ** ''Symphony Sacra'' -
Alan Hovhaness Alan Hovhaness (; March 8, 1911 – June 21, 2000) was an American- Armenian composer. He was one of the most prolific 20th-century composers, with his official catalog comprising 67 numbered symphonies (surviving manuscripts indicate over 70) a ...
, Symphony No. 58, Op. 389 * Sacrée:
Charles Tournemire Charles Arnould Tournemire (22 January 1870 – 3 or 4 November 1939) was a French composer and organist, notable partly for his improvisations, which were often rooted in the music of Gregorian chant. His compositions include eight symphoni ...
, ''Symphonie sacrée'' for organ * Saga of the Prairie School: Don Gillis, Symphony No. 7 * St. Anne:
Johann Sebastian Bach Johann Sebastian Bach (28 July 1750) was a German composer and musician of the late Baroque period. He is known for his orchestral music such as the '' Brandenburg Concertos''; instrumental compositions such as the Cello Suites; keyboard wo ...
, Prelude and Fuge in E flat Major BWV 552 for Organ * Saint Cecilia: George Frideric Handel, Concerto Grosso in D major, ''St Cecilia's Concerto'', HWV 323 * Saint Vartan:
Alan Hovhaness Alan Hovhaness (; March 8, 1911 – June 21, 2000) was an American- Armenian composer. He was one of the most prolific 20th-century composers, with his official catalog comprising 67 numbered symphonies (surviving manuscripts indicate over 70) a ...
, Symphony No. 9, Op. 80/180 * San Francisco: ** ''San Francisco'' -
Roy Harris Roy Ellsworth Harris (February 12, 1898 – October 1, 1979) was an American composer. He wrote music on American subjects, and is best known for his Symphony No. 3. Life Harris was born in Chandler, Oklahoma on February 12, 1898. His ancestr ...
, Symphony No. 8 ** ''A Symphony of San Francisco'' -
Meredith Willson Robert Reiniger Meredith Willson (May 18, 1902 – June 15, 1984) was an American flutist, composer, conductor, musical arranger, bandleader, playwright, and writer. He is perhaps best known for writing the book, music, and lyrics for the 19 ...
, Symphony No. 1 in F minor * The Schoolmaster: Joseph Haydn, Symphony No. 55 in E-flat major, Hob. I/55 * Scottish: Felix Mendelssohn, Symphony No. 3 in A minor, Op. 56 * Sea: **
Howard Hanson Howard Harold Hanson (October 28, 1896 – February 26, 1981)''The New York Times'' – Obituaries. Harold C. Schonberg. February 28, 1981 p. 1011/ref> was an American composer, conductor, educator, music theorist, and champion of American class ...
, Symphony No. 7, ''A Sea Symphony'' ** Ralph Vaughan Williams, Symphony No. 1, ''A Sea Symphony'' * Semplice (see also ''Simple''): **
Carl Nielsen Carl August Nielsen (; 9 June 1865 – 3 October 1931) was a Danish composer, conductor and violinist, widely recognized as his country's most prominent composer. Brought up by poor yet musically talented parents on the island of Funen, he ...
, Symphony No. 6, ''Sinfonia semplice'' ** Eduard Tubin, Symphony No. 9, ''Sinfonia semplice'' * Serenata Notturna:
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition r ...
, Serenade No. 6 in D major, K. 239 * Serious (and variants): ** ''Serioso'' -
Ludwig van Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. Beethoven remains one of the most admired composers in the history of Western music; his works rank amongst the most performed of the classic ...
, String Quartet No. 11 in F minor, Op. 95 ** ''Sérieuse'' -
Franz Berwald Franz Adolf Berwald (23 July 1796 – 3 April 1868) was a Swedish Romantic composer. He made his living as an orthopedist and later as the manager of a saw mill and glass factory, and became more appreciated as a composer after his death than he ...
, Symphony No. 1 * The Seven Gates of Jerusalem:
Krzysztof Penderecki Krzysztof Eugeniusz Penderecki (; 23 November 1933 – 29 March 2020) was a Polish composer and conductor. His best known works include ''Threnody to the Victims of Hiroshima'', Symphony No. 3, his '' St Luke Passion'', '' Polish Requiem'', ' ...
, Symphony No. 7 * Seven Stars: Charles Koechlin, ''Seven Stars Symphony'' * Short:
Aaron Copland Aaron Copland (, ; November 14, 1900December 2, 1990) was an American composer, composition teacher, writer, and later a conductor of his own and other American music. Copland was referred to by his peers and critics as "the Dean of American Com ...
, Symphony No. 2 * Der Sieg vom Helden Koburg:
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition r ...
, Contredanse in C, K. 587 * Siege Chronicles: Boris Tishchenko, ''The Siege Chronicles'', a symphony for full orchestra * Das Siegeslied:
Havergal Brian Havergal Brian (born William Brian; 29 January 187628 November 1972) was an English composer. He is best known for having composed 32 symphonies (an unusually high total for a 20th-century composer), most of them late in his life. His best-known ...
, Symphony No. 4 * Silver Pilgrimage:
Alan Hovhaness Alan Hovhaness (; March 8, 1911 – June 21, 2000) was an American- Armenian composer. He was one of the most prolific 20th-century composers, with his official catalog comprising 67 numbered symphonies (surviving manuscripts indicate over 70) a ...
, Symphony No. 15, Op. 199 * Simple (see also ''Semplice''): **
Benjamin Britten Edward Benjamin Britten, Baron Britten (22 November 1913 – 4 December 1976, aged 63) was an English composer, conductor, and pianist. He was a central figure of 20th-century British music, with a range of works including opera, other ...
, ''
Simple Symphony The ''Simple Symphony'', Op. 4, is a work for string orchestra or string quartet by Benjamin Britten. It was written between December 1933 and February 1934 in Lowestoft, using material that the composer had written as a young teenager, between 1 ...
'', Op. 4 * Sinfonia: see ''Symphony'' * Singulière:
Franz Berwald Franz Adolf Berwald (23 July 1796 – 3 April 1868) was a Swedish Romantic composer. He made his living as an orthopedist and later as the manager of a saw mill and glass factory, and became more appreciated as a composer after his death than he ...
, Symphony No. 3 * Six-minute: John McCabe, ''Six-minute Symphony'' * Slavic: Alexander Glazunov, Symphony No. 1 in E major, Op. 5 * Le soir: Joseph Haydn, Symphony No. 8 in G major, Hob. I/8 * The Song of the Earth: Gustav Mahler, ''
Das Lied von der Erde ''Das Lied von der Erde'' ("The Song of the Earth") is an orchestral song cycle for two voices and orchestra written by Gustav Mahler between 1908 and 1909. Described as a symphony when published, it comprises six songs for two singers who alte ...
'' (a symphony in the guise of a song cycle) * Song of the Night: Gustav Mahler, Symphony No. 7 * Sorrowful Songs:
Henryk Górecki Henryk Mikołaj Górecki ( , ; 6 December 1933 – 12 November 2010) was a Polish composer of contemporary classical music. According to critic Alex Ross, no recent classical composer has had as much commercial success as Górecki. He became a l ...
, Symphony No. 3, Op. 36, ''Symphony of Sorrowful Songs'' * Souvenir des Ming:
Jeffrey Ching Jeffrey Ching (, born 4 November 1965) is a contemporary classical composer. He was born in the Philippines, to Chinese parents. He is married with the operatic soprano Andión Fernández and has two children. His opera ' was given in the The ...
, Symphony No. 4, "Souvenir des Ming" * Spinning Song: Felix Mendelssohn, ''Song without Words'' in A major, Op. 67/4 * Spring: **
Ludwig van Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. Beethoven remains one of the most admired composers in the history of Western music; his works rank amongst the most performed of the classic ...
: Violin Sonata No. 5 in F major, Op. 24 **
Benjamin Britten Edward Benjamin Britten, Baron Britten (22 November 1913 – 4 December 1976, aged 63) was an English composer, conductor, and pianist. He was a central figure of 20th-century British music, with a range of works including opera, other ...
, ''
Spring Symphony The Spring Symphony is a choral symphony by Benjamin Britten, his Opus 44. It is dedicated to Serge Koussevitzky and the Boston Symphony Orchestra. It was premiered in the Concertgebouw, Amsterdam, on Thursday 14 July 1949 (not 9 July which is ...
'', Op. 44 **
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition r ...
, String Quartet No. 14 in G major, K. 387 ** Robert Schumann, Symphony No. 1 in B-flat major, Op. 38 * Spring Song: Felix Mendelssohn, ''Song without Words'' in A major, Op. 62/6 * Star Dawn:
Alan Hovhaness Alan Hovhaness (; March 8, 1911 – June 21, 2000) was an American- Armenian composer. He was one of the most prolific 20th-century composers, with his official catalog comprising 67 numbered symphonies (surviving manuscripts indicate over 70) a ...
, Symphony No. 53, Op. 377 * Steppes of Central Asia, In the: Alexander Borodin, Musical Picture: ''In Central Asia'' * Stonehenge: Paul W. Whear, Symphony No. 1 * Strings, Symphony for: **
Carlos Chávez Carlos Antonio de Padua Chávez y Ramírez (13 June 1899 – 2 August 1978) was a Mexican composer, conductor, music theorist, educator, journalist, and founder and director of the Mexican Symphonic Orchestra. He was influenced by nativ ...
, Symphony No. 5 **
Vincent Persichetti Vincent Ludwig Persichetti (June 6, 1915 – August 14, 1987) was an American composer, teacher, and pianist. An important musical educator and writer, he was known for his integration of various new ideas in musical composition into his own wo ...
, Symphony No. 5 **
Malcolm Williamson Malcolm Benjamin Graham Christopher Williamson, (21 November 19312 March 2003) was an Australian composer. He was the Master of the Queen's Music from 1975 until his death. Biography Williamson was born in Sydney in 1931; his father was an A ...
, Symphony No. 7 * Study: Anton Bruckner, '' Study Symphony'', aka ''Symphony No. 00'' * Sud'ba cheloveka (The Fate of a Man): Jivan Gurgeni Ter-T'at'evosian, Symphony No. 2 * Sumé Pater Patrium, Amerindia: Heitor Villa-Lobos, Symphony No. 10 * Sun: Joseph Haydn, String Quartets, Op. 20 * Surprise: Joseph Haydn, Symphony No. 94 in G major, Hob. I/94 * Symphonia/Symphonie: see ''Symphony'' * Symphony/ Symphonia/ Symphonie/ Sinfonia/ Symphonic: ** ''Antígona'':
Carlos Chávez Carlos Antonio de Padua Chávez y Ramírez (13 June 1899 – 2 August 1978) was a Mexican composer, conductor, music theorist, educator, journalist, and founder and director of the Mexican Symphonic Orchestra. He was influenced by nativ ...
, Symphony No. 1, '' Sinfonía de Antígona'' ** ''Antique'': attrib.
Friedrich Witt Friedrich Jeremias Witt (November 8, 1770 – January 3, 1836) was a German composer and cellist. He is perhaps best known as the likely author of a Symphony in C major known as the Jena Symphony, once attributed to Ludwig van Beethoven. Bio ...
, ''Symphonie antique'' for organ and orchestra, with choral finale ** ''Antique'':
Charles-Marie Widor Charles-Marie-Jean-Albert Widor (21 February 1844 – 12 March 1937) was a French organist, composer and teacher of the mid-Romantic era, most notable for his ten organ symphonies. His Toccata from the fifth organ symphony has become one of th ...
, ''Symphonie Antique'' for soloists, chorus, orchestra, and organ ** ''Antartica'': Ralph Vaughan Williams, Symphony No. 7, ''Sinfonia antartica'' ** ''Boreale'':
Vagn Holmboe Vagn Gylding Holmboe (, 20 December 1909 – 1 September 1996) was a Danish composer and teacher. Life Vagn Holmboe was born in Horsens, Jutland, into a merchant family of dedicated amateur musicians. Both parents played the piano. His fa ...
, Symphony No. 8, ''Sinfonia boreale'' ** ''Borealis'': Arthur Butterworth, Symphony No. 3, Op. 52, ''Sinfonia Borealis'' ** ''Brasilia'':
Cláudio Santoro Cláudio Franco de Sá Santoro (23 November 1919 – 27 March 1989) was an internationally renowned Brazilian composer, conductor and violinist. Biography Early life A native of Manaus, the capital of Amazonas, Santoro started to study violin ...
, Symphony No. 7, ''Sinfonia Brasilia'' ** ''Breve'': Gösta Nystroem, ''Sinfonia breve'' ** ''Brevis'': ***
Havergal Brian Havergal Brian (born William Brian; 29 January 187628 November 1972) was an English composer. He is best known for having composed 32 symphonies (an unusually high total for a 20th-century composer), most of them late in his life. His best-known ...
, Symphony No. 22, ''Symphonia Brevis'' ***
Vincent d'Indy Paul Marie Théodore Vincent d'Indy (; 27 March 18512 December 1931) was a French composer and teacher. His influence as a teacher, in particular, was considerable. He was a co-founder of the Schola Cantorum de Paris and also taught at the P ...
, Symphony No. 3, ''Sinfonia brevis de bello Gallico'' ** ''Cévenole'':
Vincent d'Indy Paul Marie Théodore Vincent d'Indy (; 27 March 18512 December 1931) was a French composer and teacher. His influence as a teacher, in particular, was considerable. He was a co-founder of the Schola Cantorum de Paris and also taught at the P ...
, '' Symphonie Cévenole'' (''
Cévennes The Cévennes ( , ; oc, Cevenas) is a cultural region and range of mountains in south-central France, on the south-east edge of the Massif Central. It covers parts of the ''départements'' of Ardèche, Gard, Hérault and Lozère. Rich in geogra ...
Symphony''), a.k.a. ''Symphonie sur un chant montagnard français'' (''Symphony on a French Mountain Air'') ** ''Children in the streets'':
Thomas Koppel Thomas Koppel (27 April 1944 – 25 February 2006) was a Danish classical music and avant-garde popular composer and musician. His father, Herman David Koppel (1908-1998), a composer and pianist of Jewish origin, fled the Nazis with his f ...
, ''Symphony for Children in the streets'' (''Symfoni for gadens børn'') ** ''Comica'':
Felix Draeseke Felix August Bernhard Draeseke (7 October 1835 – 26 February 1913) was a composer of the "New German School" admiring Franz Liszt and Richard Wagner. He wrote compositions in most forms including eight operas and stage works, four symphonies, ...
, Symphony No. 4, ''Symphonia Comica'' ** ''Concertante'':
Karl Amadeus Hartmann Karl Amadeus Hartmann (2 August 1905 – 5 December 1963) was a German composer. Sometimes described as the greatest German symphonist of the 20th century, he is now largely overlooked, particularly in English-speaking countries. Life Born in ...
, Symphony No. 5, ''Symphonie concertante'' ** ''Cuerdas'':
Carlos Chávez Carlos Antonio de Padua Chávez y Ramírez (13 June 1899 – 2 August 1978) was a Mexican composer, conductor, music theorist, educator, journalist, and founder and director of the Mexican Symphonic Orchestra. He was influenced by nativ ...
, Symphony No. 5, ''Sinfonía para cuerdas'' ** ''Deux mondes'': Pierre Kaelin, ''Symphonie des deux mondes'' (''Symphony of the Two Worlds'') ** ''Domestica'': Richard Strauss, ''
Symphonia Domestica ''Symphonia Domestica'', Opus number, Op. 53, is a tone poem for large orchestra by Richard Strauss. The work is a musical reflection of the secure domestic life so valued by the composer himself and, as such, harmoniously conveys daily events an ...
'', Op. 53 ** ''Energica'': Jānis Ivanovs, Symphony No. 12, ''Sinfonia energica'' ** ''Espagnole'':
Édouard Lalo Édouard-Victoire-Antoine Lalo (27 January 182322 April 1892) was a French composer. His most celebrated piece is the '' Symphonie espagnole'', a five-movement concerto for violin and orchestra, which remains a popular work in the standard repe ...
, '' Symphonie espagnole'' in D minor, Op. 21 (actually a violin concerto) ** ''Espansiva'':
Carl Nielsen Carl August Nielsen (; 9 June 1865 – 3 October 1931) was a Danish composer, conductor and violinist, widely recognized as his country's most prominent composer. Brought up by poor yet musically talented parents on the island of Funen, he ...
, Symphony No. 3, ''Sinfonia Espansiva'', Op. 27 ** ''Faith'': Don Gillis, Symphony No. 2, ''Symphony of Faith'' ** ''Fantasia'':
Hubert Parry Sir Charles Hubert Hastings Parry, 1st Baronet (27 February 18487 October 1918) was an English composer, teacher and historian of music. Born in Richmond Hill in Bournemouth, Parry's first major works appeared in 1880. As a composer he is be ...
, Symphony No. 5, ''Symphonic fantasia'' ** ''Fantastique'': Hector Berlioz, '' Symphonie fantastique'' ** ''Free Men'': Don Gillis, Symphony No. 3, ''A Symphony for Free Men'' ** ''French'': Boris Tishchenko, ''A French Symphony'' ** ''French Mountain Air'':
Vincent d'Indy Paul Marie Théodore Vincent d'Indy (; 27 March 18512 December 1931) was a French composer and teacher. His influence as a teacher, in particular, was considerable. He was a co-founder of the Schola Cantorum de Paris and also taught at the P ...
, ''
Symphony on a French Mountain Air The Symphony on a French Mountain Air (french: Symphonie sur un chant montagnard français ), Op. 25, is written in 1886 by Vincent d'Indy. As indicated by the title, d'Indy took the principal theme from a folk song he heard at Périer overlooki ...
'' (''Symphonie sur un chant montagnard français'') a.k.a. ''Symphonie Cévenole'' ("
Cévennes The Cévennes ( , ; oc, Cevenas) is a cultural region and range of mountains in south-central France, on the south-east edge of the Massif Central. It covers parts of the ''départements'' of Ardèche, Gard, Hérault and Lozère. Rich in geogra ...
Symphony") ** ''Fun'': Don Gillis, Symphony No. 5½, ''A Symphony for Fun'' ** ''Humana'': Jānis Ivanovs, Symphony No. 13, ''Symphonia humana'' ** ''India'':
Carlos Chávez Carlos Antonio de Padua Chávez y Ramírez (13 June 1899 – 2 August 1978) was a Mexican composer, conductor, music theorist, educator, journalist, and founder and director of the Mexican Symphonic Orchestra. He was influenced by nativ ...
, Symphony No. 2, '' Sinfonía india'' ** ''Ipsa'': Jānis Ivanovs, Symphony No. 15, ''Sinfonia Ipsa'' ** ''Janiculum'':
Vincent Persichetti Vincent Ludwig Persichetti (June 6, 1915 – August 14, 1987) was an American composer, teacher, and pianist. An important musical educator and writer, he was known for his integration of various new ideas in musical composition into his own wo ...
, Symphony No. 9, ''Sinfonia Janiculum'' ** ''Metal Orchestra'':
Alan Hovhaness Alan Hovhaness (; March 8, 1911 – June 21, 2000) was an American- Armenian composer. He was one of the most prolific 20th-century composers, with his official catalog comprising 67 numbered symphonies (surviving manuscripts indicate over 70) a ...
, Symphony No. 17, Op. 203, ''Symphony for Metal Orchestra'' ** ''Pauses'': Anton Bruckner, Symphony No. 2 in C minor, ''Symphony of Pauses'' ** ''Peace'':
Cláudio Santoro Cláudio Franco de Sá Santoro (23 November 1919 – 27 March 1989) was an internationally renowned Brazilian composer, conductor and violinist. Biography Early life A native of Manaus, the capital of Amazonas, Santoro started to study violin ...
, Symphony No. 4, ''Sinfonia da Paz'' (''Symphony of Peace'') ** ''Psalms'': Igor Stravinsky, ''
Symphony of Psalms The ''Symphony of Psalms'' is a choral symphony in three movements composed by Igor Stravinsky in 1930 during his neoclassical period. The work was commissioned by Serge Koussevitzky to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Boston Symphony Orc ...
'' ** ''Pushkin'': Boris Tishchenko, ''A Pushkin Symphony'' ** ''Requiem'':
Benjamin Britten Edward Benjamin Britten, Baron Britten (22 November 1913 – 4 December 1976, aged 63) was an English composer, conductor, and pianist. He was a central figure of 20th-century British music, with a range of works including opera, other ...
, ''
Sinfonia da Requiem ''Sinfonia da Requiem'', Op. 20, for orchestra is a symphony written by Benjamin Britten in 1940 at the age of 26. It was one of several works commissioned from different composers by the Japanese government to mark Emperor Jimmu's 2600th annive ...
'', Op. 20 ** ''Robusta'': Boris Tishchenko, ''Sinfonia Robusta'' ** ''Romantica'':
Carlos Chávez Carlos Antonio de Padua Chávez y Ramírez (13 June 1899 – 2 August 1978) was a Mexican composer, conductor, music theorist, educator, journalist, and founder and director of the Mexican Symphonic Orchestra. He was influenced by nativ ...
, Symphony No. 4, ''Sinfonía romántica'' ** ''Rustica'':
Vagn Holmboe Vagn Gylding Holmboe (, 20 December 1909 – 1 September 1996) was a Danish composer and teacher. Life Vagn Holmboe was born in Horsens, Jutland, into a merchant family of dedicated amateur musicians. Both parents played the piano. His fa ...
, Symphony No. 3, ''Sinfonia rustica'' ** ''Sacra'': ***
Howard Hanson Howard Harold Hanson (October 28, 1896 – February 26, 1981)''The New York Times'' – Obituaries. Harold C. Schonberg. February 28, 1981 p. 1011/ref> was an American composer, conductor, educator, music theorist, and champion of American class ...
, Symphony No. 5, ''Sinfonia Sacra'' ***
Alan Hovhaness Alan Hovhaness (; March 8, 1911 – June 21, 2000) was an American- Armenian composer. He was one of the most prolific 20th-century composers, with his official catalog comprising 67 numbered symphonies (surviving manuscripts indicate over 70) a ...
, Symphony No. 58, Op. 389, ''Symphony Sacra'' ***
Andrzej Panufnik Sir Andrzej Panufnik (24 September 1914 – 27 October 1991) was a Poles, Polish composer and conductor. He became established as one of the leading Polish composers, and as a conductor he was instrumental in the re-establishment of the Warsaw ...
, Symphony No. 3, ''Sinfonia Sacra'' ***
Charles-Marie Widor Charles-Marie-Jean-Albert Widor (21 February 1844 – 12 March 1937) was a French organist, composer and teacher of the mid-Romantic era, most notable for his ten organ symphonies. His Toccata from the fifth organ symphony has become one of th ...
, ''Sinfonia sacra'' for organ and orchestra ** ''Sacrée'':
Charles Tournemire Charles Arnould Tournemire (22 January 1870 – 3 or 4 November 1939) was a French composer and organist, notable partly for his improvisations, which were often rooted in the music of Gregorian chant. His compositions include eight symphoni ...
, ''Symphonie sacrée'' for organ ** ''San Francisco'':
Meredith Willson Robert Reiniger Meredith Willson (May 18, 1902 – June 15, 1984) was an American flutist, composer, conductor, musical arranger, bandleader, playwright, and writer. He is perhaps best known for writing the book, music, and lyrics for the 19 ...
, Symphony No. 1 in F minor, ''A Symphony of San Francisco'' ** ''Semplice'': ***
Carl Nielsen Carl August Nielsen (; 9 June 1865 – 3 October 1931) was a Danish composer, conductor and violinist, widely recognized as his country's most prominent composer. Brought up by poor yet musically talented parents on the island of Funen, he ...
, Symphony No. 6, ''Sinfonia semplice'' *** Eduard Tubin, Symphony No. 9, ''Sinfonia semplice'' ** ''Sorrowful Songs'':
Henryk Górecki Henryk Mikołaj Górecki ( , ; 6 December 1933 – 12 November 2010) was a Polish composer of contemporary classical music. According to critic Alex Ross, no recent classical composer has had as much commercial success as Górecki. He became a l ...
, Symphony No. 3, Op. 36, ''Symphony of Sorrowful Songs'' ** ''Strings'': ***
Vincent Persichetti Vincent Ludwig Persichetti (June 6, 1915 – August 14, 1987) was an American composer, teacher, and pianist. An important musical educator and writer, he was known for his integration of various new ideas in musical composition into his own wo ...
, Symphony No. 5, ''Symphony for Strings'' ***
Malcolm Williamson Malcolm Benjamin Graham Christopher Williamson, (21 November 19312 March 2003) was an Australian composer. He was the Master of the Queen's Music from 1975 until his death. Biography Williamson was born in Sydney in 1931; his father was an A ...
, Symphony No. 7, ''Symphony for Strings'' ** ''Thousand'': Gustav Mahler, Symphony No. 8 in E-flat major, ''Symphony of a Thousand'' ** ''Three Movements'': Igor Stravinsky, '' Symphony in Three Movements'' ** ''Trabalho'':
Francisco Mignone Francisco Paulo Mignone (September 3, 1897, São Paulo – February 19, 1986, Rio de Janeiro) was one of the most significant figures in Brazilian classical music, and one of the most significant Brazilian composers after Heitor Villa-Lobos. I ...
, ''Sinfonia do Trabalho'' ** ''Tragica'': ***
Havergal Brian Havergal Brian (born William Brian; 29 January 187628 November 1972) was an English composer. He is best known for having composed 32 symphonies (an unusually high total for a 20th-century composer), most of them late in his life. His best-known ...
, Symphony No. 6, ''Sinfonia Tragica'' ***
Felix Draeseke Felix August Bernhard Draeseke (7 October 1835 – 26 February 1913) was a composer of the "New German School" admiring Franz Liszt and Richard Wagner. He wrote compositions in most forms including eight operas and stage works, four symphonies, ...
, Symphony No. 3, ''Symphonia Tragica'' ***
Karl Amadeus Hartmann Karl Amadeus Hartmann (2 August 1905 – 5 December 1963) was a German composer. Sometimes described as the greatest German symphonist of the 20th century, he is now largely overlooked, particularly in English-speaking countries. Life Born in ...
, later reworked as part of Symphony No. 3 ** ''Transamazônica'':
Francisco Mignone Francisco Paulo Mignone (September 3, 1897, São Paulo – February 19, 1986, Rio de Janeiro) was one of the most significant figures in Brazilian classical music, and one of the most significant Brazilian composers after Heitor Villa-Lobos. I ...
, ''Sinfonia transamazônica'' ** ''Tropical'':
Francisco Mignone Francisco Paulo Mignone (September 3, 1897, São Paulo – February 19, 1986, Rio de Janeiro) was one of the most significant figures in Brazilian classical music, and one of the most significant Brazilian composers after Heitor Villa-Lobos. I ...
, ''Sinfonia tropical'' ** ''Two Worlds'': Pierre Kaelin, ''Symphonie des deux mondes'' (''Symphony of the Two Worlds'') ** ''1933'':
Roy Harris Roy Ellsworth Harris (February 12, 1898 – October 1, 1979) was an American composer. He wrote music on American subjects, and is best known for his Symphony No. 3. Life Harris was born in Chandler, Oklahoma on February 12, 1898. His ancestr ...
, Symphony No. 1, ''Symphony 1933''


T

* Tempest:
Ludwig van Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. Beethoven remains one of the most admired composers in the history of Western music; his works rank amongst the most performed of the classic ...
, Piano Sonata No. 17 in D minor, Op. 31/2 *La tempesta di mare: ** Antonio Vivaldi Violin concerto RV 253 (The Sea Tempest) ** Antonio Vivaldi Flute concerto RV 443 (The Sea Tempest) ** Antonio Vivaldi Flute, oboe, violin, bassoon concerto RV 98 and RV 570 (The Sea Tempest) * Tempora mutantur: Joseph Haydn, Symphony No. 64 in A major, Hob. I/64 * Thousand: Gustav Mahler, Symphony No. 8 in E-flat major, ''Symphony of a Thousand'' * Three Journeys to a Holy Mountain:
Alan Hovhaness Alan Hovhaness (; March 8, 1911 – June 21, 2000) was an American- Armenian composer. He was one of the most prolific 20th-century composers, with his official catalog comprising 67 numbered symphonies (surviving manuscripts indicate over 70) a ...
, Symphony No. 20, Op. 223 * Three Movements: Igor Stravinsky, '' Symphony in Three Movements'' * Titan: Gustav Mahler, Symphony No. 1 in D major * To the Appalachian Mountains:
Alan Hovhaness Alan Hovhaness (; March 8, 1911 – June 21, 2000) was an American- Armenian composer. He was one of the most prolific 20th-century composers, with his official catalog comprising 67 numbered symphonies (surviving manuscripts indicate over 70) a ...
, Symphony No. 60, Op. 396 * To the Green Mountains:
Alan Hovhaness Alan Hovhaness (; March 8, 1911 – June 21, 2000) was an American- Armenian composer. He was one of the most prolific 20th-century composers, with his official catalog comprising 67 numbered symphonies (surviving manuscripts indicate over 70) a ...
, Symphony No. 46, Op. 347 * To October: Dmitri Shostakovich, Symphony No. 2 in B major, Op. 14 * Toltec: Philip Glass, Symphony No. 7 * Tost: Joseph Haydn, String Quartets, Opp. 54, 55, 64 * Tragic/Tragica: **
Havergal Brian Havergal Brian (born William Brian; 29 January 187628 November 1972) was an English composer. He is best known for having composed 32 symphonies (an unusually high total for a 20th-century composer), most of them late in his life. His best-known ...
, Symphony No. 6, ''Sinfonia Tragica'' ** Frédéric Chopin, Polonaise No. 5 in F-sharp minor, ''Tragic'' **
Felix Draeseke Felix August Bernhard Draeseke (7 October 1835 – 26 February 1913) was a composer of the "New German School" admiring Franz Liszt and Richard Wagner. He wrote compositions in most forms including eight operas and stage works, four symphonies, ...
, Symphony No. 3, ''Symphonia Tragica'' ** Gustav Mahler, Symphony No. 6 in A minor, ''Tragic'' **
Franz Schubert Franz Peter Schubert (; 31 January 179719 November 1828) was an Austrian composer of the late Classical and early Romantic eras. Despite his short lifetime, Schubert left behind a vast ''oeuvre'', including more than 600 secular vocal wo ...
, Symphony No. 4 in C minor, D. 417, ''Tragic'' * Trauer: Joseph Haydn, Symphony No. 44 in E minor, Hob. I/44 * Trauermarsch (Funeral March): Felix Mendelssohn, ''Song without Words'' in E minor, Op. 62/3 * Trout:
Franz Schubert Franz Peter Schubert (; 31 January 179719 November 1828) was an Austrian composer of the late Classical and early Romantic eras. Despite his short lifetime, Schubert left behind a vast ''oeuvre'', including more than 600 secular vocal wo ...
, Piano Quintet in A major, D. 667 * Turangalîla: Olivier Messiaen, ''
Turangalîla-Symphonie The ''Turangalîla-Symphonie'' is the only symphony by Olivier Messiaen (1908–1992). It was written for an orchestra of large forces from 1946 to 1948 on a commission by Serge Koussevitzky in his wife's memory for the Boston Symphony Orchestr ...
'' * Twickenham:
Nikolai Kapustin Nikolai Girshevich Kapustin (russian: link=no, Никола́й Ги́ршевич Капу́стин ; 22 November 19372 July 2020) was a Soviet composer and pianist of Russian-Jewish descent. He played with early Soviet jazz bands such as the ...
, Piano Sonata No. 11, Op. 101 (2000) * Two Worlds: Pierre Kaelin, ''Symphonie des deux mondes'' (''Symphony of the Two Worlds'')


U

* Unfinished:
Franz Schubert Franz Peter Schubert (; 31 January 179719 November 1828) was an Austrian composer of the late Classical and early Romantic eras. Despite his short lifetime, Schubert left behind a vast ''oeuvre'', including more than 600 secular vocal wo ...
, Symphony No. 8 in B minor, D. 759 * The Unforeseen (O Improvisto): Heitor Villa-Lobos, Symphony No. 1 * Universe: Charles Ives, '' Universe Symphony''


V

* V, Letter: Joseph Haydn, Symphony No. 88 in G major, Hob. I/88 * Vahaken:
Alan Hovhaness Alan Hovhaness (; March 8, 1911 – June 21, 2000) was an American- Armenian composer. He was one of the most prolific 20th-century composers, with his official catalog comprising 67 numbered symphonies (surviving manuscripts indicate over 70) a ...
, Symphony No. 10, Op. 184 * Vartan, Saint:
Alan Hovhaness Alan Hovhaness (; March 8, 1911 – June 21, 2000) was an American- Armenian composer. He was one of the most prolific 20th-century composers, with his official catalog comprising 67 numbered symphonies (surviving manuscripts indicate over 70) a ...
, Symphony No. 9, Op. 80/180 * Venetian Boat Songs ( Felix Mendelssohn): ** No. 1: ''Song without Words'' in G minor, Op. 19/6 ** No. 2: ''Song without Words'' in F-sharp minor, Op. 30/6 ** No. 3: ''Song without Words'' in A minor, Op. 62/5 * Veneziana, Alla: Arthur Butterworth, Trumpet Concerto, Op. 93, ''Alla Veneziana'' * Versuch eines Requiem:
Karl Amadeus Hartmann Karl Amadeus Hartmann (2 August 1905 – 5 December 1963) was a German composer. Sometimes described as the greatest German symphonist of the 20th century, he is now largely overlooked, particularly in English-speaking countries. Life Born in ...
, Symphony No. 1 * The Victory (A Vitória): Heitor Villa-Lobos, Symphony No. 4 * Vincentiana:
Einojuhani Rautavaara Einojuhani Rautavaara (; 9 October 1928 – 27 July 2016) was a Finnish composer of classical music. Among the most notable Finnish composers since Jean Sibelius (1865–1957), Rautavaara wrote a great number of works spanning various styles. ...
, Symphony No. 6 * Vishnu:
Alan Hovhaness Alan Hovhaness (; March 8, 1911 – June 21, 2000) was an American- Armenian composer. He was one of the most prolific 20th-century composers, with his official catalog comprising 67 numbered symphonies (surviving manuscripts indicate over 70) a ...
, Symphony No. 19, Op. 217 * Vision of Andromeda:
Alan Hovhaness Alan Hovhaness (; March 8, 1911 – June 21, 2000) was an American- Armenian composer. He was one of the most prolific 20th-century composers, with his official catalog comprising 67 numbered symphonies (surviving manuscripts indicate over 70) a ...
, Symphony No. 48, Op. 355 * Voces intimae:
Jean Sibelius Jean Sibelius ( ; ; born Johan Julius Christian Sibelius; 8 December 186520 September 1957) was a Finnish composer of the late Romantic and early-modern periods. He is widely regarded as his country's greatest composer, and his music is often ...
, String Quartet, Op. 56 * Volkslied (Folksong): Felix Mendelssohn, ''Song without Words'' in A-flat major, Op. 53/5


W

* Wagner: Anton Bruckner, Symphony No. 3 in D minor, ''Wagner Symphony'' * Waldstein:
Ludwig van Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. Beethoven remains one of the most admired composers in the history of Western music; his works rank amongst the most performed of the classic ...
, Piano Sonata No. 21 in C major, Op. 53 * Walla Walla, Land of Many Waters:
Alan Hovhaness Alan Hovhaness (; March 8, 1911 – June 21, 2000) was an American- Armenian composer. He was one of the most prolific 20th-century composers, with his official catalog comprising 67 numbered symphonies (surviving manuscripts indicate over 70) a ...
, Symphony No. 47, Op. 348 * Wanderer:
Franz Schubert Franz Peter Schubert (; 31 January 179719 November 1828) was an Austrian composer of the late Classical and early Romantic eras. Despite his short lifetime, Schubert left behind a vast ''oeuvre'', including more than 600 secular vocal wo ...
, Fantasy in C major, D. 760 * The Wandering of a Little Soul:
Leoš Janáček Leoš Janáček (, baptised Leo Eugen Janáček; 3 July 1854 – 12 August 1928) was a Czech composer, musical theorist, folklorist, publicist, and teacher. He was inspired by Moravian and other Slavic musics, including Eastern European f ...
, Violin Concerto (unfinished) * The War (A Guerra): Heitor Villa-Lobos, Symphony No. 3 * Warsaw:
Richard Addinsell Richard Stewart Addinsell (13 January 190414 November 1977) was an English composer, best known for film music, primarily his '' Warsaw Concerto'', composed for the 1941 film '' Dangerous Moonlight'' (also known under the later title ''Suicide S ...
, ''
Warsaw Concerto The ''Warsaw Concerto'' is a short work for piano and orchestra by Richard Addinsell, written for the 1941 British film '' Dangerous Moonlight'', which is about the Polish struggle against the 1939 invasion by Nazi Germany. In performance it norma ...
'' * White Mass: Alexander Scriabin, Piano Sonata No. 7, Op. 64 * Wine of Summer:
Havergal Brian Havergal Brian (born William Brian; 29 January 187628 November 1972) was an English composer. He is best known for having composed 32 symphonies (an unusually high total for a 20th-century composer), most of them late in his life. His best-known ...
, Symphony No. 5 * Winter Daydreams:
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky , group=n ( ; 7 May 1840 – 6 November 1893) was a Russian composer of the Romantic period. He was the first Russian composer whose music would make a lasting impression internationally. He wrote some of the most pop ...
, Symphony No. 1 in G minor, Op. 13 * Winter Wind: Frédéric Chopin, Etude in A minor, Op. 25/11


Y

* The Year 1905: Dmitri Shostakovich, Symphony No. 11 in G minor, Op. 103 * The Year 1917: Dmitri Shostakovich, Symphony No. 12 in D minor, Op. 112 * Year of the Silent Sun:
Anatol Vieru Anatol Vieru (; 8 June 1926 – 8 October 1998) was a Romanian-Jewish music theoretician, pedagogue, and composer. A pupil of Aram Khachaturian, he composed seven symphonies, eight string quartets, concertos, and chamber music. He also wrote t ...
: Symphony No. 7 * Youth:
Dmitry Kabalevsky Dmitry Borisovich Kabalevsky (russian: Дми́трий Бори́сович Кабале́вский ; 14 February 1987) was a Soviet composer, conductor, pianist and pedagogue of Russian gentry descent. He helped set up the Union of Soviet Co ...
, Piano Concerto No. 3 in D major, Op. 50 * Youth and Life:
Henry Kimball Hadley Henry Kimball Hadley (20 December 1871 – 6 September 1937) was an American composer and conductor.''Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians'', 8th edition, p. 692 Early life Hadley was born in Somerville, Massachusetts, to a musical ...
, Symphony No. 1 in D minor, Op. 25


Z

* ''
Zeitmaße ''Zeitmaße'' (; German for "Time Measures") is a chamber-music work for five woodwinds (flute, oboe, cor anglais, clarinet, and bassoon) composed in 1955–1956 by German composer Karlheinz Stockhausen; it is Number 5 in the composer's catalog. ...
'': the first of
Karlheinz Stockhausen Karlheinz Stockhausen (; 22 August 1928 – 5 December 2007) was a German composer, widely acknowledged by critics as one of the most important but also controversial composers of the 20th-century classical music, 20th and early 21st-century ...
's three unnumbered wind quintets


Numeric

* 00: Anton Bruckner, Symphony No. 00, aka ''Study Symphony'' * 1812 Overture:
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky , group=n ( ; 7 May 1840 – 6 November 1893) was a Russian composer of the Romantic period. He was the first Russian composer whose music would make a lasting impression internationally. He wrote some of the most pop ...
* 1. X. 1905:
Leoš Janáček Leoš Janáček (, baptised Leo Eugen Janáček; 3 July 1854 – 12 August 1928) was a Czech composer, musical theorist, folklorist, publicist, and teacher. He was inspired by Moravian and other Slavic musics, including Eastern European f ...
,
Piano Sonata A piano sonata is a sonata written for a solo piano. Piano sonatas are usually written in three or four movements, although some piano sonatas have been written with a single movement ( Scarlatti, Liszt, Scriabin, Medtner, Berg), others with ...
(aka ''From the Street'') * The Year 1905: Dmitri Shostakovich, Symphony No. 11 in G minor, Op. 103 * The Year 1917: Dmitri Shostakovich, Symphony No. 12 in D minor, Op. 112 * 1933:
Roy Harris Roy Ellsworth Harris (February 12, 1898 – October 1, 1979) was an American composer. He wrote music on American subjects, and is best known for his Symphony No. 3. Life Harris was born in Chandler, Oklahoma on February 12, 1898. His ancestr ...
, Symphony No. 1, ''Symphony 1933'' {{DEFAULTSORT:Sub-titles, Nicknames and Non-numeric Titles Nicknames in classical music Classical music lists