Haplogroup Q-M3 (Y-DNA) is a
Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. Haplogroup Q-M3 is a
subclade of
Haplogroup Q-L54. Haplogroup Q-M3 was previously known as Haplogroup Q3; currently Q-M3 is Q1b1a1a below
Q1b-M346.
In 1996 the research group at
Stanford University
Stanford University, officially Leland Stanford Junior University, is a private research university in Stanford, California. The campus occupies , among the largest in the United States, and enrolls over 17,000 students. Stanford is conside ...
headed by Dr. Peter Underhill first discovered the SNP that was to become known as M3. At the time, it was called DYS191. Later studies completed the genetic bridge by determining that Q-M3 was related to Q-M242-bearing populations who traveled through Central Asia to East Asia.
Origin and distribution
Haplogroup Q-M3 is one of the
Y-Chromosome
The Y chromosome is one of two sex chromosomes ( allosomes) in therian mammals, including humans, and many other animals. The other is the X chromosome. Y is normally the sex-determining chromosome in many species, since it is the presence or ...
haplogroups linked to the indigenous peoples of the Americas (over 90% of indigenous people in Meso & South America). Today, such lineages also include other Q-M242 branches (
Q-M346,
Q-L54,
Q-P89.1,
Q-NWT01, and
Q-Z780), haplogroup C-M130 branches (
C-M217 and
C-P39), and
R-M207, which are almost exclusively found in the North America. Haplogroup Q-M3 is defined by the presence of the (M3)
single-nucleotide polymorphism
In genetics, a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP ; plural SNPs ) is a germline substitution of a single nucleotide at a specific position in the genome. Although certain definitions require the substitution to be present in a sufficiently ...
(SNP). Q-M3 occurred on the Q-L54 lineage roughly 10-15 thousand years ago as the migration into the Americas was underway. There is some debate as to on which side of the Bering Strait this mutation occurred, but it definitely happened in the ancestors of the indigenous peoples of the Americas.
The Americas
Populations carrying Q-M3 are widespread throughout the Americas. Since the discovery of Q-M3, several subclades of Q-M3 bearing populations have been discovered in the Americas as well. An example is in South America where some populations have a high prevalence of SNP M19 which defines subclade Q-M19. M19 has been detected in 59% of Amazonian
Ticuna men and in 10% of
Wayuu men.
Subclades Q-M19 and Q-M199 appear to be unique to South American populations and suggests that population isolation and perhaps even the establishment of tribes began soon after migration into the Americas.
The
Kennewick Man
Kennewick Man and Ancient One are the names generally given to the skeletal remains of a prehistoric Paleoamerican man found on a bank of the Columbia River in Kennewick, Washington, on July 28, 1996. It is one of the most complete ancient ske ...
has a Y chromosome that belongs to the most common sub-clade Q1b1a1a-M3 while the Anzick's Y chromosome belongs to the minor Q1b1a2-M971 lineage.
Asia
Q-M3 is present in some
Siberian
Siberia ( ; rus, Сибирь, r=Sibir', p=sʲɪˈbʲirʲ, a=Ru-Сибирь.ogg) is an extensive geographical region, constituting all of North Asia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. It has been a part of ...
populations in Asia. It is unclear whether these are remnants of the founding lineage or evidence of back-migrations from Beringia to East Asia.
Europe
The Q-M3 lineage has not been detected in the European population.
Subclade distribution
Q-M19 M19 This lineage is found among
Indigenous South Americans
The Indigenous peoples of South America or South American Indigenous peoples, are the pre-Colombian peoples of South America and their descendants. These peoples contrast with South Americans of European ancestry and those of African descent ...
, such as the
Ticuna and the
Wayuu.
[ Origin: South America approximately 5,000 to 10,000 years ago.
Q-M194 It has only been found in South American populations.][(2003]
"Y-Chromosome Evidence for Differing Ancient Demographic Histories in the Americas,"
(pdf) Maria-Catira Bortolini, Francisco M. Salzano
Q-M199 This lineage has only been found in South American populations.
Q-PAGES104 This lineage was discovered by the research group at the Whitehead Institute
Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research is a non-profit research institute located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States that is dedicated to improving human health through basic biomedical research. It was founded as a fiscally indepe ...
headed by Dr. David C. Page. Only limited demographic information is known.
Q-PAGES131 This lineage was discovered by the research group at the Whitehead Institute headed by Dr. David C. Page. Only limited demographic information is known.
Q-L663 This lineage was discovered by citizen scientists. It is linked to indigenous populations in West Central Mexico.
Q-SA01 This lineages was discovered by the research group headed by Dr. Theodore G. Schurr
Theodore may refer to:
Places
* Theodore, Alabama, United States
* Theodore, Australian Capital Territory
* Theodore, Queensland, a town in the Shire of Banana, Australia
* Theodore, Saskatchewan, Canada
* Theodore Reservoir, a lake in Saskatche ...
.
Associated SNPs
Q-M3 is defined by the SNPs M3 and L341.2.
Q-M3 Phylogeny and Subgroups
Current status of the polygentic tree for Q-M3 is published by pinotti et al. in the article ''Y Chromosome Sequences Reveal a Short Beringian Standstill, Rapid Expansion, and early Population structure of Native American Founders'' (2018). Calibrated phylogeny of Y haplogroup for Q-M3 and its relation to the branches within Q-L54.
Proposed Tree
for haplogroup Q-M3.
* L54
** M3, L341.2
*** M19
*** M194
*** M199, P106, P292
*** PAGES104, PAGES126
*** PAGES131
*** L663
*** SA01
*** L766, L767
*** L883, L884, L885, L886, L887
*** L888, L889, L890, L891
Popular culture
American actress Jessica Alba
Jessica Marie Alba ( ; born April 28, 1981) is an American actress and businesswoman. She began her television and movie appearances at age 13 in '' Camp Nowhere'' and '' The Secret World of Alex Mack'' (1994), and rose to prominence at age 19 ...
's father, who is of Mexican descent, belongs to Haplogroup Q-M3. Her father partook in Henry Louis Gates' genealogy series ''Finding Your Roots
''Finding Your Roots with Henry Louis Gates, Jr.'' is a documentary television series hosted by Henry Louis Gates Jr. that premiered on March 25, 2012, on PBS. In each episode, celebrities are presented with a "book of life" that is compiled wi ...
''.[Stated on '']Finding Your Roots
''Finding Your Roots with Henry Louis Gates, Jr.'' is a documentary television series hosted by Henry Louis Gates Jr. that premiered on March 25, 2012, on PBS. In each episode, celebrities are presented with a "book of life" that is compiled wi ...
'', PBS, February 5, 2015
See also
*Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
In human genetics, a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup is a haplogroup defined by mutations in the non- recombining portions of DNA from the male-specific Y chromosome (called Y-DNA). Many people within a haplogroup share similar numbers of ...
Y-DNA Q-M242 subclades
Y-DNA backbone tree
References
External links
The Y-DNA Haplogroup Q1a3a American Indian ProjectThe Y-DNA Haplogroup Q ProjectLearn about Y-DNA Haplogroup Q
{{DEFAULTSORT:Haplogroup Q-M3 (Y-DNA)
Q-M3