De Tretten (The Group of Thirteen), also De Tretten Kunstnere (The Thirteen Artists), was a grouping of young Danish artists who arranged their own exhibitions in
Copenhagen
Copenhagen ( or .; da, København ) is the capital and most populous city of Denmark, with a proper population of around 815.000 in the last quarter of 2022; and some 1.370,000 in the urban area; and the wider Copenhagen metropolitan ar ...
from 1909 to 1912 in order to display works which would not have been accepted for exhibition by the then rather traditional
Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts
The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts ( da, Det Kongelige Danske Kunstakademi - Billedkunst Skolerne) has provided education in the arts for more than 250 years, playing its part in the development of the art of Denmark.
History
The Royal Dan ...
.
Background
Based on the French model of the
Salon des Refusés
The Salon des Refusés, French for "exhibition of rejects" (), is generally known as an exhibition of works rejected by the jury of the official Paris Salon, but the term is most famously used to refer to the Salon des Refusés of 1863.
Today, b ...
, De Tretten was founded on the initiative of
Olaf Rude
Olaf Rude (26 April 1886 – 17 June 1957) was a Danish painter. He was a professor at the Royal Danish Academy of Art from 1953 to 1956. He is remembered in particular for his paintings of oak trees at Skejten on Lolland, two of which can be se ...
(who exhibited there in 1909 and 1910) and the critic
Jens Pedersen Jens may refer to:
* Jens (given name), a list of people with the name
* Jens (surname), a list of people
* Jens, Switzerland, a municipality
* 1719 Jens, an asteroid
See also
* Jensen (disambiguation) Jensen may refer to:
People
*Jensen (surn ...
. Rude had managed to obtain financial guarantees for the enterprise from those who had recently established themselves in the seaside resort of
Marielyst
Marielyst is a small town and seaside resort some south of Nykøbing on the Danish island of Falster. Its long sandy beach has led to an extensive summer house development with some 6,000 holiday homes. As of 2022, it has a population of 726. ...
on Falster which had been promoted as an artists colony along the lines of
Skagen
Skagen () is Denmark's northernmost town, on the east coast of the Skagen Odde peninsula in the far north of Jutland, part of Frederikshavn Municipality in Nordjylland, north of Frederikshavn and northeast of Aalborg. The Port of Skage ...
. Several, including Rude himself, had studied at the
Kunstnernes Frie Studieskoler
Kunstnernes Frie Studieskoler was an art school established in Copenhagen in 1882 as a protest against the policies of the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts and to provide an alternative to its educational program. It existed until 1912 and was a c ...
under
Kristian Zahrtmann
Peder Henrik Kristian Zahrtmann, known as Kristian Zahrtmann, (31 March 1843 – 22 June 1917) was a Denmark, Danish Painting, painter. He was a part of the Danish artistic generation in the late 19th century, along with Peder Severin Krøyer and ...
who had broken away from the Academy into the developing trends of Naturalism and
Realism
Realism, Realistic, or Realists may refer to:
In the arts
*Realism (arts), the general attempt to depict subjects truthfully in different forms of the arts
Arts movements related to realism include:
*Classical Realism
*Literary realism, a move ...
. Paintings exhibited at De Tretten were often in line with movements of the times such as Futurism and
Post-Impressionism
Post-Impressionism (also spelled Postimpressionism) was a predominantly French art movement that developed roughly between 1886 and 1905, from the last Impressionist exhibition to the birth of Fauvism. Post-Impressionism emerged as a reaction a ...
.
Exhibiting artists
De Tretten also included:Lars Kærulf Møller, "Olaf Rude" ''Kunstindeks Danmark & Weilbachs kunstnerleksikon''. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
* Folmer Bonnén (1885–1960), exhibited in 1909, 1910 and 1912
* Niels Peter Bolt (1886-1965), exhibited in 1909 and 1912
*
Anton Hansen
Anton Hansen (1891–1960) was a Danish cartoonist and painter. Like Storm P. and Aksel Jørgensen, he illustrated local newspapers with satirical sketches, especially of Copenhagen's poor. He had met both as a member of De Tretten where he exhib ...
(1891–1960), exhibited in 1910 and 1912Hanne Abildgaard, "Anton Hansen" ''Kunstindeks Danmark & Weilbachs kunstnerleksikon''. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
*
Harald Henriksen
Harald Nikolaj Kampmann Henriksen (1883–1960) was a Danish painter whose landscapes combine a rather traditional style with the new trends in French painting.
Biography
Born in Odense, he first worked in a Copenhagen bank (1903–1911) before t ...
(1883–1960), exhibited in 1909 and 1910
*
Axel P. Jensen
Axel Peder Jensen (28 September 1885 – 12 June 1972) was a Danish painter who is remembered above all for his landscapes which added new subjects and stronger colouring to earlier works by the Funen Painters.Carl Jensen (1887–1961), exhibited in 1909 and 1910
* Aksel Jørgensen (1883-1957), exhibited in 1909 and 1910
*
Hans Jespersen Koefoed
Hans Jespersen Koefoed (1884–1975) was a Danish painter. Born in Odensjö, Sweden, he studied painting under Johan Rohde and exhibited with De Tretten in 1912.
(1884–1975), exhibited in 1912
*
Jais Nielsen
Johannes Knud Ove Jais-Nielsen (23 April 1885 – 8 November 1961) was a Danish painter, designer and ceramist, best known for the religious figure groups that he designed for the Royal Copenhagen pottery.
Biography
Nielsen was born in Copenhage ...
(1885–1961), exhibited in 1909 and 1910
* Storm Petersen (1882–1949), better known as Storm P., exhibited in 1909
* William Scharff (1886–1959), exhibited in 1909 and 1910
*
Einar Utzon-Frank
Aksel (Axel) Einar (Ejnar) Utzon-Frank (30 March 1888 – 15 July 1955) was a Danish sculptor and professor at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts. During his lifetime, he produced many sculptures, some of which stand as public monuments. ...
(1888–1955), exhibited in 1909
*
Edvard Weie
Viggo Thorvald Edvard Weie (18 November 1879 - 9 April 1943) was a Danish Modernist painter.
He was a recipient of Eckersberg Medal in 1925. He died during 1943 in Frederiksberg.
Biography
Weie was born in Copenhagen, Denmark. His father went ...
(1879-1943), exhibited in 1909.
Similar Danish initiatives
De Tretten was not the only attempt to exhibit outside the Academy.
Den Frie Udstilling
Den Frie Udstilling ('The Free Exhibition') is a Danish artists' association, founded in 1891 by artists in protest against the admission requirements for the Kunsthal Charlottenborg. Modeled on the Salon des Refusés, it is Denmark's oldest ass ...
(The Free Exhibition) was established in 1891 and continues to exhibit today.
Grønningen
Grønningen is a Danish artists cooperative whose members arrange exhibitions and similar events. Founded in 1915, it is one of the oldest and most important groupings of its kind in Denmark and currently has 54 members. It is named after the stree ...