, image = Boutros Ghali Pasha.jpg , order = 9th

Prime Minister of Egypt The prime minister of Egypt () is the head of the Egyptian government. A direct translation of the Arabic-language title is "Minister-President of Egypt" and "President of the Government". The Arabic title can also be translated as "President of ...

, monarch = Abbas II , birth_date = , birth_place = Kiman-al-'Arus,

Beni Suef Beni Suef ( ar, بني سويف, Baniswēf the capital city of the Beni Suef Governorate in Egypt. Beni Suef is the location of Beni Suef University. An important agricultural trade centre on the west bank of the Nile River, the city is located ...

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University ...

, death_date = , death_place =

Cairo Cairo ( ; ar, القاهرة, al-Qāhirah, ) is the capital of Egypt and its largest city, home to 10 million people. It is also part of the largest urban agglomeration in Africa, the Arab world and the Middle East: The Greater Cairo metr ...

Khedivate of Egypt The Khedivate of Egypt ( or , ; ota, خدیویت مصر ') was an autonomous tributary state of the Ottoman Empire, established and ruled by the Muhammad Ali Dynasty following the defeat and expulsion of Napoleon Bonaparte's forces which br ...

, term_start = 8 November 1908 , term_end = 21 February 1910 , predecessor = Mustafa Fahmi Pasha , successor =

Muhammad Said Pasha Mohamed Said Pasha ( ar, محمد سعيد باشا) (19 January 1863 - 1928), was Prime Minister of Egypt from 1910 to 1914, and again in 1919. He was born in Alexandria to a family of Turkish origin. He was the father of the artist Mahmoud Sa ...

, party = Boutros Ghali (12 May 1846 – 21 February 1910; , ar, ; styled Boutros Ghali Bey later Boutros Ghali Pasha) was the prime minister of

Egypt Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning the North Africa, northeast corner of Africa and Western Asia, southwest corner of Asia via a land bridg ...

from 1908 to 1910.

Early life

Boutros Ghali was born on 12 May 1846 to a Coptic

Christian Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words ''Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χρι� ...

family in Kiman-al-'Arus, a village of

, Egypt, in 1846. His father was Ghali Nayruz, the steward of Prince Mustafa Fadil. Boutros Ghali studied

Arabic Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C. E.Watson; Walter ...

Ottoman Turkish Ottoman Turkish ( ota, لِسانِ عُثمانى, Lisân-ı Osmânî, ; tr, Osmanlı Türkçesi) was the standardized register of the Turkish language used by the citizens of the Ottoman Empire (14th to 20th centuries CE). It borrowed extens ...

, Persian,

English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England ** English national ...

and

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Career

After graduation, Ghali became a teacher at the patriarchal school. Ghali's public career began in 1875 with this appointment to the post of clerk in the newly constituted Mixed Court by Sharif Pasha. Next he became the representative of the Egyptian government on the Commission of the Public Debt. Ghali began to work in the justice ministry in 1879 and was appointed secretary general of the ministry with the title of Bey. His following post was as first secretary of the council of ministers to which he was appointed in September 1881. However, in October 1881 he again began to work in the justice ministry. Upon the request of Mahmoud Sami al-Barudi, Ghali was awarded the rank of

Pasha Pasha, Pacha or Paşa ( ota, پاشا; tr, paşa; sq, Pashë; ar, باشا), in older works sometimes anglicized as bashaw, was a higher rank in the Ottoman political and military system, typically granted to governors, generals, dignita ...

, being the first Coptic recipient of such an honour in Egypt. In 1886, he was appointed head of a commission for the selection of Sharia court judges, which was an unusual appointment due to his religious background, leading to protests by Muslims. Ghali's first ministerial portfolio was the minister of finance in 1893. Then he was made foreign minister in 1894. In 1901 he was decorated as the 650th Grand-Cross of the Royal Military Order of Our Lady of the Concepcion of Vila Viçosa of

Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of th ...

. The same year Ghali joined the freemason lodge of Egypt. He was appointed prime minister on 8 November 1908, replacing Mustafa Fahmi Pasha in the post. He also retained the post of foreign minister during his premiership. Ghali remained in office until 21 February 1910 and was replaced by

Death

Ghali was accused of favouring the British in the Denshawai incident. On 20 February 1910, Ghali was shot by Ibrahim Nassif al-Wardani, a twenty-three-year-old

pharmacology Pharmacology is a branch of medicine, biology and pharmaceutical sciences concerned with drug or medication action, where a drug may be defined as any artificial, natural, or endogenous (from within the body) molecule which exerts a biochemica ...

graduate, who had just returned from

Britain Britain most often refers to: * The United Kingdom, a sovereign state in Europe comprising the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands * Great Britain, the largest island in the United King ...

. Ghali was leaving the ministry of foreign affairs when Wardani fired five shots, three of which lodged in the premier's body. Ghali died a day later, on 21 February. The assassin, who confessed to the killing of Ghali, had been educated in

Lausanne , neighboring_municipalities= Bottens, Bretigny-sur-Morrens, Chavannes-près-Renens, Cheseaux-sur-Lausanne, Crissier, Cugy, Écublens, Épalinges, Évian-les-Bains (FR-74), Froideville, Jouxtens-Mézery, Le Mont-sur-Lausanne, Lugrin (FR ...

Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. Si ...

, and

London London is the capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary dow ...

and was a member of Mustafa Kamil Pasha's Watani Party. His father was a

governor A governor is an administrative leader and head of a polity or political region, ranking under the head of state and in some cases, such as governors-general, as the head of state's official representative. Depending on the type of political ...

and his uncle was a

. Wardani was executed on 28 June 1910. The assassination of Ghali was the first of a series of assassinations that continued until 1915. It was also the first public assassination of a senior statesman in Egypt in more than a century.

Family

Ghali had "many sons", the most notable being: * Yusuf Butros Ghali ** Father of

Boutros Boutros-Ghali Boutros Boutros-Ghali (; , ar, بطرس بطرس غالي ', ; 14 November 1922 – 16 February 2016) was an Egyptian politician and diplomat who served as the sixth Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN) from 1992 to 1996. An academic ...

, who was named after his grandfather and served as deputy prime minister of Egypt and as

United Nations Secretary-General The secretary-general of the United Nations (UNSG or SG) is the chief administrative officer of the United Nations and head of the United Nations Secretariat, one of the six principal organs of the United Nations. The role of the secretary- ...

. ** grandfather of internet entrepreneur

Teymour Boutros-Ghali Teymour Boutros-Ghali is an investor and entrepreneur. He earned his BA in Electrical Engineering from Cambridge University, a PhD in Plasma Physics from MIT and a SM in Management from the Sloan School of Management. After starting his career ...

** grandfather of

Youssef Boutros Ghali Youssef Raouf Boutros-Ghali or YBG ( ar, يوسف رؤوف بطرس غالي; born 20 August 1952) is an Egyptian economist who served in the government of Egypt as Minister of Finance from 2004 to 2011. He was succeeded by Samir Radwan on 31 ...

, Minister of Finance from 2004 to 2011 * Wasif Butrus Pasha Ghali or Wasif Butrus Ghali Pasha (1878–1958), legislator and diplomat, foreign minister. * Najib Boutros Ghali, agriculture minister in 1921. * Mirrit Boutros-Ghali, writer, businessman, and lawyerGoldschmidt 1993, p. 188 Boutros Ghali's brother Amin Ghali (1865–1933) was a public prosecutor; Amin's son Ibrahim Amin Ghali was a diplomat who worked to rehabilitate his uncle's reputation.Goldschmidt 1993, p. 187

Honours

Egyptian national honours

Foreign honors

References

Sources

Citations

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ghali, Boutros 1846 births 1910 deaths 20th-century prime ministers of Egypt Egyptian people of Coptic descent Coptic politicians Egyptian pashas Foreign ministers of Egypt Prime Ministers of Egypt Assassinated Egyptian politicians Assassinated heads of government Deaths by firearm in Egypt People murdered in Egypt Honorary Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order Recipients of the Order of the Crown (Italy) Boutros Ghali family 1910 murders in Egypt Egyptian Freemasons