Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan (born Robert Allen Zimmerman; May 24, 1941) is an American
singer-songwriter, author, poet, and visual artist who has been a
major figure in popular culture for more than fifty years. Much of his
most celebrated work dates from the 1960s, when songs such as "Blowin'
in the Wind" (1963) and "The Times They Are a-Changin'" (1964) became
anthems for the
Civil Rights Movement
Civil Rights Movement and anti-war movement. His
lyrics during this period incorporated a wide range of political,
social, philosophical, and literary influences, defied pop-music
conventions and appealed to the burgeoning counterculture.
Following his self-titled debut album in 1962, which mainly comprised
traditional folk songs, Dylan made his breakthrough as a songwriter
with the release of
The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan
The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan the following year. The
album featured "Blowin' in the Wind" and the thematically complex "A
Hard Rain's a-Gonna Fall". For many of these songs he adapted the
tunes and sometimes phraseology of older folk songs. He went on to
release the politically charged The Times They Are a-Changin' and the
more lyrically abstract and introspective
Another Side of Bob Dylan
Another Side of Bob Dylan in
1964. In 1965 and 1966, Dylan encountered controversy when he adopted
electrically amplified rock instrumentation, and in the space of 15
months recorded three of the most important and influential rock
albums of the 1960s:
Bringing It All Back Home
Bringing It All Back Home (1965), Highway 61
Revisited (1965) and
Blonde on Blonde
Blonde on Blonde (1966). The six-minute single
"Like a Rolling Stone" (1965) radically expanded what a pop song could
convey.
In July 1966, Dylan withdrew from touring after being injured in a
motorcycle accident. During this period he recorded a large body of
songs with members of the Band, who had previously backed him on tour.
These recordings were released as the collaborative album The Basement
Tapes, in 1975. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Dylan explored
country music and rural themes in John Wesley Harding (1967),
Nashville Skyline
Nashville Skyline (1969), and
New Morning
New Morning (1970). In 1975, he released
Blood on the Tracks, which many saw as a return to form. In the late
1970s, he became a born-again Christian and released a series of
albums of contemporary gospel music before returning to his more
familiar rock-based idiom in the early 1980s. The major works of his
later career include Time Out of Mind (1997),
"Love and Theft"
"Love and Theft" (2001),
Modern Times (2006) and Tempest (2012). His most recent recordings
have comprised versions of traditional American standards, especially
songs recorded by Frank Sinatra. Backed by a changing lineup of
musicians, he has toured steadily since the late 1980s on what has
been dubbed the Never Ending Tour.
Since 1994, Dylan has published eight books of drawings and paintings,
and his work has been exhibited in major art galleries. He has sold
more than 100 million records, making him one of the best-selling
music artists of all time. He has also received numerous awards
including ten Grammy Awards, a Golden Globe Award, and an Academy
Award. Dylan has been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame,
Minnesota Music Hall of Fame, Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame, and
the Songwriters Hall of Fame. The
Pulitzer Prize
Pulitzer Prize jury in 2008 awarded
him a special citation for "his profound impact on popular music and
American culture, marked by lyrical compositions of extraordinary
poetic power". In 2012, Dylan received the Presidential Medal of
Freedom, and in 2016, he was awarded the
Nobel Prize
Nobel Prize in Literature
"for having created new poetic expressions within the great American
song tradition".[3]
Contents
1 Life and career
1.1 1941–1959: Origins and musical beginnings
1.2 1960s
1.2.1 Relocation to New York and record deal
1.2.2 Protest and Another Side
1.2.3 Going electric
1.2.4
Highway 61 Revisited
Highway 61 Revisited and Blonde on Blonde
1.2.5 Motorcycle accident and reclusion
1.3 1970s
1.3.1 Return to touring
1.3.2 Christian period
1.4 1980s
1.5 1990s
1.6 2000s
1.6.1 Modern Times
1.6.2
Together Through Life
Together Through Life and Christmas in the Heart
1.7 2010s
1.7.1 Tempest
1.7.2 Shadows in the Night, Fallen Angels and Triplicate
2 Never Ending Tour
3 Visual artist
4 Discography
5 Bibliography
6 Personal life
6.1 Romantic relationships
6.1.1 Suze Rotolo
6.1.2 Joan Baez
6.1.3 Sara Dylan
6.1.4 Carolyn Dennis
6.2 Home
6.3 Religious beliefs
7 Accolades
7.1
Nobel Prize
Nobel Prize in Literature
8 Legacy
8.1 Archives and tributes
9 See also
10 Notes
11 References
11.1 Footnotes
11.2 Sources
12 External links
Life and career[edit]
1941–1959: Origins and musical beginnings[edit]
The Zimmerman family home in Hibbing, Minnesota
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan was born Robert Allen Zimmerman (Hebrew: .mw-parser-output
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font-size:1.15em;font-family:"Ezra SIL","Ezra SIL SR","Keter Aram
Tsova","Taamey Ashkenaz","Taamey David CLM","Taamey Frank CLM","Frank
Ruehl CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple
CLM","Nachlieli","SBL BibLit","SBL Hebrew",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif
Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New
Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans שבתאי זיסל בן
אברהם Shabtai Zisl ben Avraham)[4][5][6]
in St. Mary's Hospital on May 24, 1941, in Duluth,
Minnesota,[7][8] and raised in Hibbing, Minnesota, on
the
Mesabi Range
Mesabi Range west of Lake Superior. He has a younger brother,
David. Dylan's paternal grandparents, Zigman and Anna Zimmerman,
emigrated from Odessa, in the
Russian Empire
Russian Empire (now Ukraine), to the
United States following the anti-Semitic pogroms of
1905.[9][10] His maternal grandparents, Ben and
Florence Stone, were
Lithuanian Jews
Lithuanian Jews who arrived in the United States
in 1902.[9][10] In his autobiography, Chronicles:
Volume One, Dylan wrote that his paternal grandmother's maiden name
was Kirghiz and her family originated from the
Kağızman
Kağızman district of
Kars Province
Kars Province in northeastern Turkey.[11]
Dylan's father, Abram Zimmerman – an electric-appliance shop owner
– and mother, Beatrice "Beatty" Stone, were part of a small,
close-knit Jewish community.[12][13][14] They
lived in Duluth until Dylan was six, when his father had polio and the
family returned to his mother's hometown, Hibbing, where they lived
for the rest of Dylan's childhood. In his early years he listened to
the radio—first to blues and country stations from Shreveport,
Louisiana, and later, when he was a teenager, to rock and
roll.[15][16]
Dylan formed several bands while attending Hibbing High School. In the
Golden Chords, he performed covers of songs by Little
Richard[17] and Elvis Presley.[18] Their performance
of Danny & the Juniors' "Rock and Roll Is Here to Stay" at their
high school talent show was so loud that the principal cut the
microphone.[19] In 1959, Dylan's high school yearbook carried
the caption "Robert Zimmerman: to join 'Little
Richard'."[17][20] That year, as Elston Gunnn, he
performed two dates with Bobby Vee, playing piano and
clapping.[21][22][23] In September 1959, Dylan
moved to
Minneapolis
Minneapolis and enrolled at the University of
Minnesota.[24] His focus on rock and roll gave way to American
folk music, as he explained in a 1985 interview:
.mw-parser-output .templatequote overflow:hidden;margin:1em
0;padding:0 40px .mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite
line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0 The
thing about rock'n'roll is that for me anyway it wasn't enough...
There were great catch-phrases and driving pulse rhythms... but the
songs weren't serious or didn't reflect life in a realistic way. I
knew that when I got into folk music, it was more of a serious type of
thing. The songs are filled with more despair, more sadness, more
triumph, more faith in the supernatural, much deeper
feelings.[25]
Living at the Jewish-centric fraternity
Sigma Alpha Mu
Sigma Alpha Mu house, Dylan
began to perform at the Ten O'Clock Scholar, a coffeehouse a few
blocks from campus, and became involved in the
Dinkytown
Dinkytown folk music
circuit.[26][27] During this period, he began
introducing himself as "Bob Dylan".[28][a 1] In his
memoir, he said he hit upon using this less common variant for Dillon
– a surname he had considered adopting – when he unexpectedly saw
poems by Dylan Thomas.[29] Explaining his change of name in a
2004 interview, he said, "You're born, you know, the wrong names,
wrong parents. I mean, that happens. You call yourself what you want
to call yourself. This is the land of the free."[30]
1960s[edit]
Relocation to New York and record deal[edit]
In May 1960, Dylan dropped out of college at the end of his first
year. In January 1961, he traveled to New York City to perform there
and visit his musical idol Woody Guthrie,[31] who was
seriously ill with
Huntington's disease
Huntington's disease in Greystone Park Psychiatric
Hospital.[32] Guthrie had been a revelation to Dylan and
influenced his early performances. Describing Guthrie's impact, he
wrote: "The songs themselves had the infinite sweep of humanity in
them... [He] was the true voice of the American spirit. I said to
myself I was going to be Guthrie's greatest disciple."[33] As
well as visiting Guthrie in hospital, Dylan befriended Guthrie's
protégé Ramblin' Jack Elliott. Much of Guthrie's repertoire was
channeled through Elliott, and Dylan paid tribute to Elliott in
Chronicles: Volume One.[34]
From February 1961, Dylan played at clubs around Greenwich Village,
befriending and picking up material from folk singers there, including
Dave Van Ronk, Fred Neil, Odetta, the
New Lost City Ramblers and
Irish musicians the Clancy Brothers and Tommy Makem.[35] On
April 11, Dylan commenced a two-week engagement at Gerde's Folk City,
supporting John Lee Hooker.[36] New York Times critic Robert
Shelton first considered Dylan in a review of Izzy Young's production
for WRVR of a live twelve-hour Hootenanny on July 29, 1961: "Among the
newer promising talents deserving mention are a 20-year-old latter-day
Guthrie disciple named Bob Dylan, with a curiously arresting mumbling,
country-steeped manner". This was Dylan's first radio
performance.[37] In September, Shelton boosted Dylan's career
with an enthusiastic review of his performance at Gerde's Folk
City.[38] That month, Dylan played harmonica on folk singer
Carolyn Hester's third album. This brought him to the attention of the
album's producer, John Hammond,[39] who signed Dylan to
Columbia Records.[40]
Dylan's first album, Bob Dylan, released March 19, 1962,[41]
consisted of familiar folk, blues and gospel with two original
compositions. The album sold only 5,000 copies in its first year, just
enough to break even.[42] Within Columbia Records, some
referred to Dylan as "Hammond's Folly"[43] and suggested
dropping his contract, but Hammond defended him and was supported by
songwriter Johnny Cash.[42] In March 1962, Dylan contributed
harmonica and backup vocals to the album Three Kings and the Queen,
accompanying
Victoria Spivey and
Big Joe Williams
Big Joe Williams on a recording for
Spivey Records.[44] While working for Columbia, Dylan recorded
under the pseudonym Blind Boy Grunt[45] for Broadside, a folk
magazine and record label.[46] Dylan used the pseudonym Bob
Landy to record as a piano player on The
Blues
Blues Project, a 1964
anthology album by Elektra Records.[45] As Tedham Porterhouse,
Dylan played harmonica on Ramblin' Jack Elliott's 1964 album Jack
Elliott.[45]
Dylan with
Joan Baez
Joan Baez during the civil rights "March on Washington
for Jobs and Freedom", August 28, 1963Dylan made two important career
moves in August 1962: he legally changed his name to Bob
Dylan,[47][48] and signed a management contract with
Albert Grossman.[49] (In June 1961, Dylan had signed an
agreement with Roy Silver. In 1962, Grossman paid Silver $10,000 to
become sole manager.)[50] Grossman remained Dylan's manager
until 1970, and was known for his sometimes confrontational
personality and protective loyalty.[51] Dylan said, "He was
kind of like a
Colonel Tom Parker
.jpg)
Colonel Tom Parker figure ... you could smell him
coming."[27] Tension between Grossman and John Hammond led to
the latter suggesting Dylan work with the young African-American jazz
producer, Tom Wilson, who produced several tracks for the second album
without formal credit. Wilson produced the next three albums Dylan
recorded.[52][53]
Dylan made his first trip to the United Kingdom from December 1962 to
January 1963.[54] He had been invited by television director
Philip Saville
Philip Saville to appear in a drama, Madhouse on Castle Street, which
Saville was directing for BBC Television.[55] At the end of
the play, Dylan performed "Blowin' in the Wind", one of its first
public performances.[55] The film recording of Madhouse on
Castle Street was discarded by the BBC in 1968.[55] While in
London, Dylan performed at London folk clubs, including the
Troubadour, Les Cousins, and Bunjies.[54] He also learned
material from UK performers, including Martin Carthy.[55]
By the release of Dylan's second album, The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan, in
May 1963, he had begun to make his name as a singer-songwriter. Many
songs on the album were labeled protest songs, inspired partly by
Guthrie and influenced by Pete Seeger's passion for topical
songs.[56] "Oxford Town", for example, was an account of James
Meredith's ordeal as the first black student to risk enrollment at the
University of Mississippi.[57] The first song on the album,
"Blowin' in the Wind", partly derived its melody from the traditional
slave song, "No More Auction Block",[58] while its lyrics
questioned the social and political status quo. The song was widely
recorded by other artists and became a hit for Peter, Paul and
Mary.[59] Another song, "A Hard Rain's a-Gonna Fall" was based
on the folk ballad "Lord Randall". With veiled references to an
impending apocalypse, it gained resonance when the Cuban Missile
Crisis developed a few weeks after Dylan began performing
it.[60][a 2] Like "Blowin' in the Wind", "A Hard
Rain's a-Gonna Fall" marked a new direction in songwriting, blending a
stream-of-consciousness, imagist lyrical attack with traditional folk
form.[61]
Dylan's topical songs led to his being viewed as more than just a
songwriter.
Janet Maslin wrote in 1980[62] of
Freewheelin': "These were the songs that established [Dylan] as
the voice of his generation—someone who implicitly understood how
concerned young Americans felt about nuclear disarmament and the
growing Civil Rights Movement: his mixture of moral authority and
nonconformity was perhaps the most timely of his
attributes."[63][a 3] Freewheelin' also included
love songs and surreal talking blues. Humor was an important part of
Dylan's persona,[64] and the range of material on the album
impressed listeners, including the Beatles.
George Harrison
George Harrison said of
the album: "We just played it, just wore it out. The content of the
song lyrics and just the attitude—it was incredibly original and
wonderful."[65]
The rough edge of Dylan's singing was unsettling to some but an
attraction to others. Novelist
Joyce Carol Oates
Joyce Carol Oates wrote: "When we first
heard this raw, very young, and seemingly untrained voice, frankly
nasal, as if sandpaper could sing, the effect was dramatic and
electrifying."[66] Many early songs reached the public through
more palatable versions by other performers, such as Joan Baez, who
became Dylan's advocate and lover.[67] Baez was influential in
bringing Dylan to prominence by recording several of his early songs
and inviting him on stage during her concerts.[68][69]
"It didn't take long before people got it, that he was pretty damned
special," says Baez.[70]
Others who had hits with Dylan's songs in the early 1960s included the
Byrds, Sonny & Cher, the Hollies, Peter, Paul and Mary, the
Association,
Manfred Mann
Manfred Mann and the Turtles. Most attempted a pop feel
and rhythm, while Dylan and Baez performed them mostly as sparse folk
songs. The covers became so ubiquitous that
CBS
CBS promoted him with the
slogan "Nobody Sings Dylan Like Dylan".[71]
"Mixed-Up Confusion", recorded during the Freewheelin' sessions with a
backing band, was released as a single but quickly withdrawn. In
contrast to the mostly solo acoustic performances on the album, the
single showed a willingness to experiment with a rockabilly sound.
Cameron Crowe
Cameron Crowe described it as "a fascinating look at a folk artist
with his mind wandering towards
Elvis Presley
.png/46px-Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom_(ribbon).png)
Elvis Presley and Sun
Records".[72]
Protest and Another Side[edit]
"The Times They Are a-Changin'"
Dylan said of "The Times They Are a-Changin'": "This was definitely a
song with a purpose. I wanted to write a big song, some kind of theme
song, with short concise verses that piled up on each other in a
hypnotic way. The civil rights movement and the folk music movement
were pretty close and allied together at that time."[25]
Problems playing this file? See media help.
In May 1963, Dylan's political profile rose when he walked out of The
Ed Sullivan Show. During rehearsals, Dylan had been told by CBS
television's head of program practices that "Talkin' John Birch
Paranoid Blues" was potentially libelous to the John Birch Society.
Rather than comply with censorship, Dylan refused to
appear.[73]
By this time, Dylan and Baez were prominent in the civil rights
movement, singing together at the March on Washington on August 28,
1963.[74] Dylan's third album, The Times They Are a-Changin',
reflected a more politicized Dylan.[75] The songs often took
as their subject matter contemporary stories, with "Only a Pawn in
Their Game" addressing the murder of civil rights worker Medgar Evers;
and the Brechtian "The Lonesome Death of Hattie Carroll" the death of
black hotel barmaid Hattie Carroll, at the hands of young white
socialite William Zantzinger.[76] On a more general theme,
"Ballad of Hollis Brown" and "North Country Blues" addressed despair
engendered by the breakdown of farming and mining communities. This
political material was accompanied by two personal love songs, "Boots
of Spanish Leather" and "One Too Many Mornings".[77]
By the end of 1963, Dylan felt both manipulated and constrained by the
folk and protest movements.[78] Accepting the "Tom Paine
Award" from the
National Emergency Civil Liberties Committee shortly
after the assassination of John F. Kennedy, an intoxicated Dylan
questioned the role of the committee, characterized the members as old
and balding, and claimed to see something of himself and of every man
in Kennedy's assassin, Lee Harvey Oswald.[79]
Bobby Dylan, as the college yearbook lists him: St. Lawrence
University, upstate New York, November 1963
Another Side of Bob Dylan, recorded in a single evening on June 9,
1964,[80] had a lighter mood. The humorous Dylan reemerged on
"I Shall Be Free No. 10" and "Motorpsycho Nightmare". "Spanish
Harlem Incident" and "To Ramona" are passionate love songs, while
"Black Crow Blues" and "I Don't Believe You (She Acts Like We Never
Have Met)" suggest the rock and roll soon to dominate Dylan's music.
"It Ain't Me Babe", on the surface a song about spurned love, has been
described as a rejection of the role of political spokesman thrust
upon him.[81] His newest direction was signaled by two lengthy
songs: the impressionistic "Chimes of Freedom", which sets social
commentary against a metaphorical landscape in a style characterized
by
Allen Ginsberg
Allen Ginsberg as "chains of flashing images,"[82] and "My
Back Pages", which attacks the simplistic and arch seriousness of his
own earlier topical songs and seems to predict the backlash he was
about to encounter from his former champions as he took a new
direction.[83]
In the latter half of 1964 and into 1965, Dylan moved from folk
songwriter to folk-rock pop-music star. His jeans and work shirts were
replaced by a
Carnaby Street
Carnaby Street wardrobe, sunglasses day or night, and
pointed "Beatle boots". A London reporter wrote: "Hair that would set
the teeth of a comb on edge. A loud shirt that would dim the neon
lights of Leicester Square. He looks like an undernourished
cockatoo."[84] Dylan began to spar with interviewers.
Appearing on the
Les Crane
Les Crane television show and asked about a movie he
planned, he told Crane it would be a cowboy horror movie. Asked if he
played the cowboy, Dylan replied, "No, I play my mother."[85]
Going electric[edit]
Main articles:
Electric Dylan controversy
Electric Dylan controversy and Folk rock
Dylan's late March 1965 album
Bringing It All Back Home
Bringing It All Back Home was another
leap,[86] featuring his first recordings with electric
instruments, under producer Tom Wilson's guidance.[87] The
first single, "Subterranean Homesick Blues", owed much to Chuck
Berry's "Too Much Monkey Business";[88] its free association
lyrics described as harkening back to the energy of beat poetry and as
a forerunner of rap and hip-hop.[89] The song was provided
with an early video, which opened D. A. Pennebaker's cinéma vérité
presentation of Dylan's 1965 tour of Great Britain, Dont Look
Back.[90] Instead of miming, Dylan illustrated the lyrics by
throwing cue cards containing key words from the song on the ground.
Pennebaker said the sequence was Dylan's idea, and it has been
imitated in music videos and advertisements.[91]
The second side of
Bringing It All Back Home
Bringing It All Back Home contained four long songs
on which Dylan accompanied himself on acoustic guitar and
harmonica.[92] "Mr. Tambourine Man" became one of his
best-known songs when the Byrds recorded an electric version that
reached number one in the US and UK.[93][94] "It's All
Over Now, Baby Blue" and "It's Alright Ma (I'm Only Bleeding)" were
two of Dylan's most important compositions.[92][95]
In 1965, headlining the Newport Folk Festival, Dylan performed his
first electric set since high school with a pickup group featuring
Mike Bloomfield
Mike Bloomfield on guitar and
Al Kooper
Al Kooper on organ.[96] Dylan
had appeared at Newport in 1963 and 1964, but in 1965 met with
cheering and booing and left the stage after three songs. One version
has it that the boos were from folk fans whom Dylan had alienated by
appearing, unexpectedly, with an electric guitar. Murray Lerner, who
filmed the performance, said: "I absolutely think that they were
booing Dylan going electric."[97] An alternative account
claims audience members were upset by poor sound and a short set. This
account is supported by Kooper and one of the directors of the
festival, who reports his recording proves the only boos were in
reaction to the MC's announcement that there was only enough time for
a short set.[98][99]
Nevertheless, Dylan's performance provoked a hostile response from the
folk music establishment.[100][101] In the September
issue of Sing Out!,
Ewan MacColl wrote: "Our traditional songs and
ballads are the creations of extraordinarily talented artists working
inside disciplines formulated over time ...'But what of Bobby
Dylan?' scream the outraged teenagers ... Only a completely
non-critical audience, nourished on the watery pap of pop music, could
have fallen for such tenth-rate drivel."[102] On July 29, four
days after Newport, Dylan was back in the studio in New York,
recording "Positively 4th Street". The lyrics contained images of
vengeance and paranoia,[103] and it has been interpreted as
Dylan's put-down of former friends from the folk community—friends
he had known in clubs along West 4th Street.[104]
Highway 61 Revisited
Highway 61 Revisited and Blonde on Blonde[edit]
"Like a Rolling Stone"
Dylan's 1965 hit single, which appeared on the album Highway 61
Revisited. In 2004, it was chosen as the greatest song of all time by
Rolling Stone
Rolling Stone magazine.[105]
Problems playing this file? See media help.
In July 1965, the single "Like a Rolling Stone" peaked at two in the
U.S. and at four in the UK charts. At over six minutes, the song
altered what a pop single could convey. Bruce Springsteen, in his
speech for Dylan's inauguration into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame,
said that on first hearing the single, "that snare shot sounded like
somebody'd kicked open the door to your mind".[106] In 2004
and in 2011,
Rolling Stone
Rolling Stone listed it as number one of "The 500
Greatest Songs of All Time".[105][107] The song opened
Dylan's next album, Highway 61 Revisited, named after the road that
led from Dylan's Minnesota to the musical hotbed of New
Orleans.[108] The songs were in the same vein as the hit
single, flavored by Mike Bloomfield's blues guitar and Al Kooper's
organ riffs. "Desolation Row", backed by acoustic guitar and
understated bass,[109] offers the sole exception, with Dylan
alluding to figures in Western culture in a song described by Andy
Gill as "an 11-minute epic of entropy, which takes the form of a
Fellini-esque parade of grotesques and oddities featuring a huge cast
of celebrated characters, some historical (Einstein, Nero), some
biblical (Noah, Cain and Abel), some fictional (Ophelia, Romeo,
Cinderella), some literary (
T. S. Eliot
T. S. Eliot and Ezra Pound), and some who
fit into none of the above categories, notably Dr. Filth and his
dubious nurse."[110]
In support of the album, Dylan was booked for two U.S. concerts with
Al Kooper
Al Kooper and Harvey Brooks from his studio crew and Robbie Robertson
and Levon Helm, former members of Ronnie Hawkins's backing band the
Hawks.[111] On August 28 at Forest Hills Tennis Stadium, the
group was heckled by an audience still annoyed by Dylan's electric
sound. The band's reception on September 3 at the
Hollywood Bowl
Hollywood Bowl was
more favorable.[112]
From September 24, 1965, in Austin, Texas, Dylan toured the U.S. and
Canada for six months, backed by the five musicians from the Hawks who
became known as the Band.[113] While Dylan and the Hawks met
increasingly receptive audiences, their studio efforts floundered.
Producer
Bob Johnston
Bob Johnston persuaded Dylan to record in Nashville in
February 1966, and surrounded him with top-notch session men. At
Dylan's insistence, Robertson and Kooper came from New York City to
play on the sessions.[114] The Nashville sessions produced the
double album
Blonde on Blonde
Blonde on Blonde (1966), featuring what Dylan called
"that thin wild mercury sound".[115] Kooper described it as
"taking two cultures and smashing them together with a huge
explosion": the musical world of Nashville and the world of the
"quintessential New York hipster" Bob Dylan.[116]
On November 22, 1965, Dylan secretly married 25-year-old former model
Sara Lownds.[117] Robertson writes in his memoir about
receiving a phone call that morning to accompany the couple to the
court, and then later to a reception hosted by Al Grossman at the
Algonquin Hotel. Some of Dylan's friends, including Ramblin' Jack
Elliott, say that, immediately after the event, Dylan denied he was
married.[117] Journalist
Nora Ephron
Nora Ephron made the news public in
the
New York Post
New York Post in February 1966 with the headline "Hush! Bob Dylan
is wed."[118]
Dylan toured Australia and Europe in April and May 1966. Each show was
split in two. Dylan performed solo during the first half, accompanying
himself on acoustic guitar and harmonica. In the second, backed by the
Hawks, he played electrically amplified music. This contrast provoked
many fans, who jeered and slow handclapped.[119] The tour
culminated in a raucous confrontation between Dylan and his audience
at the Manchester
Free Trade Hall
Free Trade Hall in England on May 17,
1966.[120] A recording of this concert was released in 1998:
The Bootleg Series Vol. 4:
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan Live 1966. At the climax of the
evening, a member of the audience, angered by Dylan's electric
backing, shouted: "Judas!" to which Dylan responded, "I don't believe
you ... You're a liar!" Dylan turned to his band and said, "Play
it fucking loud!"[121] as they launched into the final song of
the night—"Like a Rolling Stone".
During his 1966 tour, Dylan was described as exhausted and acting "as
if on a death trip".[122] D. A. Pennebaker, the film maker
accompanying the tour, described Dylan as "taking a lot of amphetamine
and who-knows-what-else."[123] In a 1969 interview with Jann
Wenner, Dylan said, "I was on the road for almost five years. It wore
me down. I was on drugs, a lot of things ... just to keep going,
you know?"[124] In 2011,
BBC Radio 4
BBC Radio 4 reported that, in an
interview that Robert Shelton taped in 1966, Dylan said he had kicked
heroin in New York City: "I got very, very strung out for a
while ... I had about a $25-a-day habit and I kicked
it."[125] Some journalists questioned the validity of this
confession, pointing out that Dylan had "been telling journalists wild
lies about his past since the earliest days of his
career."[126][127]
Motorcycle accident and reclusion[edit]
After his tour, Dylan returned to New York, but the pressures
increased. ABC Television had paid an advance for a TV
show.[128] His publisher, Macmillan, was demanding a
manuscript of the poem/novel Tarantula. Manager
Albert Grossman had
scheduled a concert tour for the latter part of the year.
On July 29, 1966, Dylan crashed his 500cc
Triumph Tiger 100
Triumph Tiger 100 motorcycle
near his home in Woodstock, New York, and was thrown to the ground.
Though the extent of his injuries was never disclosed, Dylan said that
he broke several vertebrae in his neck.[129] Mystery still
surrounds the circumstances of the accident since no ambulance was
called to the scene and Dylan was not
hospitalized.[129][130] Dylan's biographers have
written that the crash offered Dylan the chance to escape the
pressures around him.[129][131] Dylan confirmed this
interpretation in his autobiography: "I had been in a motorcycle
accident and I'd been hurt, but I recovered. Truth was that I wanted
to get out of the rat race."[132] Dylan withdrew from public
and, apart from a few appearances, did not tour again for almost eight
years.[130][133]
Once Dylan was well enough to resume creative work, he began to edit
D. A. Pennebaker's film of his 1966 tour. A rough cut was shown to ABC
Television, which rejected it as incomprehensible to a mainstream
audience.[134] The film was subsequently titled Eat the
Document on bootleg copies, and it has been screened at a handful of
film festivals.[135] In 1967 he began recording with the Hawks
at his home and in the basement of the Hawks' nearby house, "Big
Pink".[136] These songs, initially demos for other artists to
record, provided hits for
Julie Driscoll
.jpg/400px-Julie_Driscoll_(1968).jpg)
Julie Driscoll and the Brian Auger Trinity
("This Wheel's on Fire"),
The Byrds
The Byrds ("You Ain't Goin' Nowhere",
"Nothing Was Delivered"), and
Manfred Mann
Manfred Mann ("Mighty Quinn"). Columbia
released selections in 1975 as The Basement Tapes. Over the years,
more songs recorded by Dylan and his band in 1967 appeared on bootleg
recordings, culminating in a five-CD set titled The Genuine Basement
Tapes, containing 107 songs and alternative takes.[137] In the
coming months, the Hawks recorded the album
Music from Big Pink
Music from Big Pink using
songs they worked on in their basement in Woodstock, and renamed
themselves the Band,[138] beginning a long recording and
performing career of their own.
In October and November 1967, Dylan returned to
Nashville.[139] Back in the studio after 19 months, he was
accompanied by
Charlie McCoy
Charlie McCoy on bass,[139]
Kenny Buttrey on
drums,[139] and
Pete Drake on steel guitar.[139] The
result was John Wesley Harding, a contemplative record of shorter
songs, set in a landscape that drew on the
American West
American West and the
Bible. The sparse structure and instrumentation, with lyrics that took
the
Judeo-Christian tradition seriously, departed from Dylan's own
work and from the psychedelic fervor of the 1960s.[140] It
included "All Along the Watchtower", with lyrics derived from the Book
of Isaiah (21:5–9). The song was later recorded by Jimi Hendrix,
whose version Dylan acknowledged as definitive.[25] Woody
Guthrie died on October 3, 1967, and Dylan made his first live
appearance in twenty months at a Guthrie memorial concert held at
Carnegie Hall
Carnegie Hall on January 20, 1968, where he was backed by the
Band.[141]
"Lay Lady Lay"
"Lay Lady Lay", on the country album Nashville Skyline, has been one
of Dylan's biggest hits, reaching No. 7 in the U.S.[142]
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Dylan's next release,
Nashville Skyline
Nashville Skyline (1969), was mainstream country
featuring Nashville musicians, a mellow-voiced Dylan, a duet with
Johnny Cash, and the hit single "Lay Lady Lay".[143] Variety
wrote, "Dylan is definitely doing something that can be called
singing. Somehow he has managed to add an octave to his
range."[144] During one recording session, Dylan and Cash
recorded a series of duets but only their version of Dylan's "Girl
from the North Country" was released on the
album.[145][146]
In May 1969, Dylan appeared on the first episode of Johnny Cash's
television show and sang a duet with Cash of "Girl from the North
Country", with solos of "Living the Blues" and "I Threw It All
Away".[147] Dylan next traveled to England to top the bill at
the
Isle of Wight
Isle of Wight festival on August 31, 1969, after rejecting
overtures to appear at the
Woodstock Festival
Woodstock Festival closer to his
home.[148]
1970s[edit]
In the early 1970s, critics charged that Dylan's output was varied and
unpredictable.
Rolling Stone
Rolling Stone writer
Greil Marcus
Greil Marcus asked "What is this
shit?" on first listening to Self Portrait, released in June
1970.[149][150] It was a double LP including few
original songs, and was poorly received.[151] In October 1970,
Dylan released New Morning, considered a return to form.[152]
This album included "Day of the Locusts", a song in which Dylan gave
an account of receiving an honorary degree from Princeton University
on June 9, 1970.[153] In November 1968, Dylan had co-written
"I'd Have You Anytime" with George Harrison;[154] Harrison
recorded "I'd Have You Anytime" and Dylan's "If Not for You" for his
1970 solo triple album All Things Must Pass. Dylan's surprise
appearance at Harrison's 1971
Concert for Bangladesh
Concert for Bangladesh attracted media
coverage, reflecting that Dylan's live appearances had become
rare.[155]
Between March 16 and 19, 1971, Dylan reserved three days at Blue Rock,
a small studio in Greenwich Village, to record with Leon Russell.
These sessions resulted in "Watching the
River
River Flow" and a new
recording of "When I Paint My Masterpiece".[156] On November
4, 1971, Dylan recorded "George Jackson", which he released a week
later. For many, the single was a surprising return to protest
material, mourning the killing of Black Panther George Jackson in San
Quentin State Prison that year.[157] Dylan contributed piano
and harmony to Steve Goodman's album, Somebody Else's Troubles, under
the pseudonym Robert Milkwood Thomas (referencing
Under Milk Wood
Under Milk Wood by
Dylan Thomas
Dylan Thomas and his own previous name) in September
1972.[158]
In 1972, Dylan signed to Sam Peckinpah's film Pat Garrett and Billy
the Kid, providing songs and backing music for the movie, and playing
"Alias", a member of Billy's gang with some historical
basis.[159] Despite the film's failure at the box office, the
song "Knockin' on Heaven's Door" became one of Dylan's most covered
songs.[160][161]
Also in 1972, Dylan protested the move to deport
John Lennon
John Lennon and Yoko
Ono, who had been convicted of possessing cannabis, by sending a
letter to the U.S. Immigration Service, in part: "Hurray for John
& Yoko. Let them stay and live here and breathe. The country's got
plenty of room and space. Let John and Yoko stay!"[162]
Return to touring[edit]
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan and the Band touring in Chicago, 1974
Dylan began 1973 by signing with a new label, David Geffen's Asylum
Records (and Island in the UK), when his contract with Columbia
Records expired. On his next album, Planet Waves, he used the Band as
backing group, while rehearsing for a tour. The album included two
versions of "Forever Young", which became one of his most popular
songs.[163] As one critic described it, the song projected
"something hymnal and heartfelt that spoke of the father in
Dylan",[164] and Dylan himself commented: "I wrote it thinking
about one of my boys and not wanting to be too
sentimental."[25]
Columbia Records
Columbia Records simultaneously released Dylan, a collection of studio
outtakes (almost exclusively covers), widely interpreted as a churlish
response to Dylan's signing with a rival record label.[165] In
January 1974, Dylan returned to touring after seven years; backed by
the Band, he embarked on a North American tour of 40 concerts. A live
double album, Before the Flood, was on Asylum Records. Soon, according
to Clive Davis,
Columbia Records
Columbia Records sent word they "will spare nothing to
bring Dylan back into the fold".[166] Dylan had second
thoughts about Asylum, miffed that while there had been millions of
unfulfilled ticket requests for the 1974 tour, Geffen had sold only
700,000 copies of Planet Waves.[166] Dylan returned to
Columbia Records, which reissued his two Asylum albums.
"Tangled Up in Blue"
Dylan said of the opening song from Blood on the Tracks: "I was trying
to deal with the concept of time, and the way the characters change
from the first person to the third person, and you're never sure if
the first person is talking or the third person. But as you look at
the whole thing it really doesn't matter."[25]
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After the tour, Dylan and his wife became estranged. He filled a small
red notebook with songs about relationships and ruptures, and recorded
an album entitled
Blood on the Tracks
Blood on the Tracks in September 1974.[167]
Dylan delayed the release and re-recorded half the songs at Sound 80
Studios in
Minneapolis
Minneapolis with production assistance from his brother,
David Zimmerman.[168]
Released in early 1975,
Blood on the Tracks
Blood on the Tracks received mixed reviews. In
the NME,
Nick Kent
Nick Kent described "the accompaniments [as] often so trashy
they sound like mere practice takes."[169] In Rolling Stone,
Jon Landau wrote that "the record has been made with typical
shoddiness."[169] Over the years critics came to see it as one
of Dylan's greatest achievements. For the Salon website, journalist
Bill Wyman wrote: "
Blood on the Tracks
Blood on the Tracks is his only flawless album and
his best produced; the songs, each of them, are constructed in
disciplined fashion. It is his kindest album and most dismayed, and
seems in hindsight to have achieved a sublime balance between the
logorrhea-plagued excesses of his mid-1960s output and the
self-consciously simple compositions of his post-accident
years."[170] Novelist
Rick Moody
Rick Moody called it "the truest, most
honest account of a love affair from tip to stern ever put down on
magnetic tape."[171]
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan with
Allen Ginsberg
Allen Ginsberg on the
Rolling Thunder Revue
Rolling Thunder Revue in 1975.
Photo: Elsa Dorfman
In the middle of that year, Dylan wrote a ballad championing boxer
Rubin "Hurricane" Carter, imprisoned for a triple murder in Paterson,
New Jersey, in 1966. After visiting Carter in jail, Dylan wrote
"Hurricane", presenting the case for Carter's innocence. Despite its
length—over eight minutes—the song was released as a single,
peaking at 33 on the U.S. Billboard chart, and performed at every 1975
date of Dylan's next tour, the Rolling Thunder Revue.[a
4][172] The tour featured about one hundred performers and
supporters from the
Greenwich Village
Greenwich Village folk scene, including T-Bone
Burnett, Ramblin' Jack Elliott, Joni
Mitchell,[173][174] David Mansfield, Roger McGuinn,
Mick Ronson, Joan Baez, and Scarlet Rivera, whom Dylan discovered
walking down the street, her violin case on her back.[175]
Allen Ginsberg
Allen Ginsberg accompanied the troupe, staging scenes for the film
Dylan was shooting.
Sam Shepard
Sam Shepard was hired to write the screenplay, but
ended up accompanying the tour as informal chronicler.[176]
Running through late 1975 and again through early 1976, the tour
encompassed the release of the album Desire, with many of Dylan's new
songs featuring a travelogue-like narrative style, showing the
influence of his new collaborator, playwright Jacques
Levy.[177][178] The 1976 half of the tour was
documented by a TV concert special, Hard Rain, and the LP Hard Rain;
no concert album from the better-received and better-known opening
half of the tour was released until 2002's Live 1975.[179]
A documentary of the 1975 leg of the Rolling Thunder Revue, Rolling
Thunder Revue: A
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan Story by
Martin Scorsese
.jpg/440px-Martin_Scorsese_Berlinale_2010_(cropped).jpg)
Martin Scorsese was released by
Netflix
Netflix on June 12, 2019, with a fourteen-CD box set of rehearsals and
five complete recordings of Dylan's performances from the Revue
released on June 7, 2019, as The Rolling Thunder Revue: The 1975 Live
Recordings. The documentary features participants interviewed by Jeff
Rosen over decades and it was assembled by
Martin Scorsese
Martin Scorsese and editor
David Tedeschi.[180]
Dylan performing in the Feyenoord Football Club Stadium, Rotterdam,
June 23, 1978
The 1975 tour with the Revue provided the backdrop to Dylan's nearly
four-hour film Renaldo and Clara, a sprawling narrative mixed with
concert footage and reminiscences. Released in 1978, the movie
received poor, sometimes scathing, reviews.[181][182]
Later in that year, a two-hour edit, dominated by the concert
performances, was more widely released.[183]
In November 1976, Dylan appeared at the Band's "farewell" concert,
with Eric Clapton, Joni Mitchell, Muddy Waters,
Van Morrison
Van Morrison and Neil
Young. Martin Scorsese's cinematic chronicle, The Last Waltz, in 1978
included about half of Dylan's set.[184] In 1976, Dylan wrote
and duetted on "Sign Language" for Eric Clapton's No Reason To
Cry.[185]
In 1978, Dylan embarked on a year-long world tour, performing 114
shows in Japan, the Far East, Europe and the US, to a total audience
of two million. Dylan assembled an eight-piece band and three backing
singers. Concerts in Tokyo in February and March were released as the
live double album,
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan At Budokan.[186] Reviews were
mixed.
Robert Christgau
Robert Christgau awarded the album a C+ rating, giving the
album a derisory review,[187] while
Janet Maslin defended it
in Rolling Stone, writing: "These latest live versions of his old
songs have the effect of liberating
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan from the
originals."[188] When Dylan brought the tour to the U.S. in
September 1978, the press described the look and sound as a 'Las Vegas
Tour'.[189] The 1978 tour grossed more than $20 million,
and Dylan told the
Los Angeles Times
Los Angeles Times that he had debts because "I had
a couple of bad years. I put a lot of money into the movie, built a
big house ... and it costs a lot to get divorced in
California."[186]
In April and May 1978, Dylan took the same band and vocalists into
Rundown Studios in Santa Monica, California, to record an album of new
material: Street-Legal.[190] It was described by Michael Gray
as, "after Blood On The Tracks, arguably Dylan's best record of the
1970s: a crucial album documenting a crucial period in Dylan's own
life".[191] However, it had poor sound and mixing (attributed
to Dylan's studio practices), muddying the instrumental detail until a
remastered CD release in 1999 restored some of the songs'
strengths.[192]
Christian period[edit]
Further information:
Slow Train Coming
Slow Train Coming § Conversion to
Christianity
"Gotta Serve Somebody"
Dylan took five months off at the beginning of 1979 to attend Bible
school.[25] His subsequent album
Slow Train Coming
Slow Train Coming reached No.
3 on the U.S.
Billboard 200
Billboard 200 chart and included this Grammy-winning
song.
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In the late 1970s, Dylan converted to Evangelical
Christianity,[193][194] undertaking a three-month
discipleship course run by the Association of Vineyard
Churches;[195][196] and released two albums of
contemporary gospel music.
Slow Train Coming
Slow Train Coming (1979) featured the
guitar accompaniment of
Mark Knopfler
Mark Knopfler (of Dire Straits) and was
produced by veteran R&B producer Jerry Wexler. Wexler said that
Dylan had tried to evangelize him during the recording. He replied:
"Bob, you're dealing with a 62-year-old Jewish atheist. Let's just
make an album."[197] Dylan won the
Grammy Award
Grammy Award for Best Male
Rock Vocal Performance for the song "Gotta Serve Somebody". His second
Christian-themed album, Saved (1980), received mixed reviews,
described by Michael Gray as "the nearest thing to a follow-up album
Dylan has ever made,
Slow Train Coming
Slow Train Coming II and inferior"[198]
When touring in late 1979 and early 1980, Dylan would not play his
older, secular works, and he delivered declarations of his faith from
the stage, such as:
Years ago they ... said I was a prophet. I used to say, "No I'm
not a prophet" they say "Yes you are, you're a prophet." I said, "No
it's not me." They used to say "You sure are a prophet." They used to
convince me I was a prophet. Now I come out and say Jesus Christ is
the answer. They say, "Bob Dylan's no prophet." They just can't handle
it.[199]
Dylan's Christianity was unpopular with some fans and
musicians.[200] Shortly before his murder, John Lennon
recorded "Serve Yourself" in response to Dylan's "Gotta Serve
Somebody".[201] By 1981,
Stephen Holden wrote in The New York
Times that "neither age (he's now 40) nor his much-publicized
conversion to born-again Christianity has altered his essentially
iconoclastic temperament."[202]
1980s[edit]
Dylan in Toronto April 18, 1980
In late 1980, Dylan briefly played concerts billed as "A Musical
Retrospective", restoring popular 1960s songs to the repertoire. Shot
of Love, recorded early the next year, featured his first secular
compositions in more than two years, mixed with Christian songs.
"Every Grain of Sand" reminded some of William Blake's
verses.[203]
In the 1980s, reception of Dylan's recordings varied, from the
well-regarded Infidels in 1983 to the panned
Down in the Groove
Down in the Groove in
1988. Michael Gray condemned Dylan's 1980s albums for carelessness in
the studio and for failing to release his best songs.[204] As
an example of the latter, the Infidels recording sessions, which again
employed Knopfler on lead guitar and also as the album's producer,
resulted in several notable songs that Dylan left off the album. Best
regarded of these were "Blind Willie McTell", a tribute to the dead
blues musician and an evocation of African American
history,[205] "Foot of Pride" and "Lord Protect My Child".
These three songs were released on The Bootleg Series Volumes 1–3
(Rare & Unreleased) 1961–1991.[206]
Between July 1984 and March 1985, Dylan recorded Empire
Burlesque.[207] Arthur Baker, who had remixed hits for Bruce
Springsteen and Cyndi Lauper, was asked to engineer and mix the album.
Baker said he felt he was hired to make Dylan's album sound "a little
bit more contemporary".[207]
In 1985 Dylan sang on USA for Africa's famine relief single "We Are
the World". He also joined
Artists United Against Apartheid providing
vocals for their single "Sun City".[208] On July 13, 1985, he
appeared at the climax at the
Live Aid
Live Aid concert at JFK Stadium,
Philadelphia. Backed by
Keith Richards
Keith Richards and Ronnie Wood, he performed a
ragged version of "Hollis Brown", his ballad of rural poverty, and
then said to the worldwide audience exceeding one billion people: "I
hope that some of the money ... maybe they can just take a little
bit of it, maybe ... one or two million, maybe ... and use
it to pay the mortgages on some of the farms and, the farmers here,
owe to the banks."[209] His remarks were widely criticized as
inappropriate, but they did inspire
Willie Nelson
Willie Nelson to organize a series
of events, Farm Aid, to benefit debt-ridden American
farmers.[210]
In April 1986, Dylan made a foray into rap music when he added vocals
to the opening verse of "Street Rock", featured on Kurtis Blow's album
Kingdom Blow.[211] Dylan's next studio album, Knocked Out
Loaded, in July 1986 contained three covers (by Little Junior Parker,
Kris Kristofferson
_jm34701.jpg/440px-Kris_Kristofferson_(ZMF_2017)_jm34701.jpg)
Kris Kristofferson and the gospel hymn "Precious Memories"), plus
three collaborations (with Tom Petty,
Sam Shepard
Sam Shepard and Carole Bayer
Sager), and two solo compositions by Dylan. One reviewer commented
that "the record follows too many detours to be consistently
compelling, and some of those detours wind down roads that are
indisputably dead ends. By 1986, such uneven records weren't entirely
unexpected by Dylan, but that didn't make them any less
frustrating."[212] It was the first Dylan album since
Freewheelin' (1963) to fail to make the Top 50.[213] Since
then, some critics have called the 11-minute epic that Dylan co-wrote
with Sam Shepard, "Brownsville Girl", a work of genius.[214]
In 1986 and 1987, Dylan toured with
Tom Petty
.jpg/440px-Tom_Petty_Live_in_Horsens_(cropped2).jpg)
Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers,
sharing vocals with Petty on several songs each night. Dylan also
toured with the
Grateful Dead
.png/600px-Grateful_Dead_(1970).png)
Grateful Dead in 1987, resulting in a live album Dylan
& The Dead. This received negative reviews;
AllMusic
AllMusic said it was
"Quite possibly the worst album by either
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan or the Grateful
Dead".[215] Dylan then initiated what came to be called the
Never Ending Tour
Never Ending Tour on June 7, 1988, performing with a back-up band
featuring guitarist G. E. Smith. Dylan continued to tour with a small,
evolving band for the next 20 years.[216]
Dylan in Barcelona, Spain, 1984
In 1987, Dylan starred in Richard Marquand's movie Hearts of Fire, in
which he played Billy Parker, a washed-up rock star turned chicken
farmer whose teenage lover (Fiona) leaves him for a jaded English
synth-pop sensation played by Rupert Everett.[217] Dylan also
contributed two original songs to the soundtrack—"Night After
Night", and "I Had a Dream About You, Baby", as well as a cover of
John Hiatt's "The Usual". The film was a critical and commercial
flop.[218]
Dylan was inducted into the
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in January
1988, with Bruce Springsteen's introduction declaring, "Bob freed your
mind the way Elvis freed your body. He showed us that just because
music was innately physical did not mean that it was
anti-intellectual."[219]
The album
Down in the Groove
Down in the Groove in May 1988 sold even more unsuccessfully
than his previous studio album.[220] Michael Gray wrote: "The
very title undercuts any idea that inspired work may lie within. Here
was a further devaluing of the notion of a new
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan album as
something significant."[221] The critical and commercial
disappointment of that album was swiftly followed by the success of
the Traveling Wilburys. Dylan co-founded the band with George
Harrison, Jeff Lynne, Roy Orbison, and Tom Petty, and in late 1988
their multi-platinum
Traveling Wilburys
Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1 reached three on the US
album chart,[220] featuring songs that were described as
Dylan's most accessible compositions in years.[222] Despite
Orbison's death in December 1988, the remaining four recorded a second
album in May 1990 with the title
Traveling Wilburys
Traveling Wilburys Vol.
3.[223]
Dylan finished the decade on a critical high note with Oh Mercy
produced by Daniel Lanois. Michael Gray wrote that the album was:
"Attentively written, vocally distinctive, musically warm, and
uncompromisingly professional, this cohesive whole is the nearest
thing to a great
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan album in the
1980s."[221][224] The track "Most of the Time", a lost
love composition, was later prominently featured in the film High
Fidelity, while "What Was It You Wanted?" has been interpreted both as
a catechism and a wry comment on the expectations of critics and
fans.[225] The religious imagery of "Ring Them Bells" struck
some critics as a re-affirmation of faith.[226]
1990s[edit]
Dylan's 1990s began with
Under the Red Sky
Under the Red Sky (1990), an about-face from
the serious Oh Mercy. The album contained several apparently simple
songs, including "Under the Red Sky" and "Wiggle Wiggle". The album
was dedicated to "Gabby Goo Goo", a nickname for the daughter of Dylan
and Carolyn Dennis, Desiree Gabrielle Dennis-Dylan, who was
four.[227]
Sidemen
Sidemen on the album included George Harrison,
Slash from Guns N' Roses, David Crosby, Bruce Hornsby, Stevie Ray
Vaughan, and Elton John. Despite the line-up, the record received bad
reviews and sold poorly.[228]
In 1991, Dylan received a
Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award from
American actor Jack Nicholson.[229] The event coincided with
the start of the
Gulf War
Gulf War against Saddam Hussein, and Dylan performed
"Masters of War". Dylan then made a short speech, saying "My daddy
once said to me, he said, 'Son, it is possible for you to become so
defiled in this world that your own mother and father will abandon
you. If that happens, God will believe in your ability to mend your
own ways.'"[229][230] This sentiment was subsequently
revealed to be a quote from 19th-century German Jewish intellectual,
Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch.[231]
Over the next few years Dylan returned to his roots with two albums
covering folk and blues numbers:
Good as I Been to You
Good as I Been to You (1992) and
World Gone Wrong
World Gone Wrong (1993), featuring interpretations and acoustic guitar
work. Many critics and fans commented on the quiet beauty of the song
"Lone Pilgrim",[232] written by a 19th-century teacher. In
November 1994 Dylan recorded two live shows for MTV Unplugged. He said
his wish to perform traditional songs was overruled by
Sony
Sony executives
who insisted on hits.[233] The album from it, MTV Unplugged,
included "John Brown", an unreleased 1962 song of how enthusiasm for
war ends in mutilation and disillusionment.[234]
Dylan performs during the 1996 Lida Festival in Stockholm
Dylan's longtime road manager
Victor Maymudes
Victor Maymudes has claimed that the
singer quit drinking alcohol in 1994.[235] Maymudes felt that
Dylan sobering up made him "more introverted and a little less
social."[235]
With a collection of songs reportedly written while snowed in on his
Minnesota ranch,[236] Dylan booked recording time with Daniel
Lanois at Miami's
Criteria Studios
Criteria Studios in January 1997. The subsequent
recording sessions were, by some accounts, fraught with musical
tension.[237] Before the album's release Dylan was
hospitalized with a life-threatening heart infection, pericarditis,
brought on by histoplasmosis. His scheduled European tour was
cancelled, but Dylan made a speedy recovery and left the hospital
saying, "I really thought I'd be seeing Elvis soon."[238] He
was back on the road by mid-year, and performed before Pope John Paul
II at the World Eucharistic Conference in Bologna, Italy. The Pope
treated the audience of 200,000 people to a homily based on Dylan's
lyric "Blowin' in the Wind".[239]
In September Dylan released the new Lanois-produced album, Time Out of
Mind. With its bitter assessment of love and morbid ruminations,
Dylan's first collection of original songs in seven years was highly
acclaimed. One critic wrote: "the songs themselves are uniformly
powerful, adding up to Dylan's best overall collection in
years."[240] This collection of complex songs won him his
first solo "Album of the Year" Grammy Award.[241]
In December 1997, U.S. President
Bill Clinton
Bill Clinton presented Dylan with a
Kennedy Center
Kennedy Center Honor in the East Room of the White House, paying this
tribute: "He probably had more impact on people of my generation than
any other creative artist. His voice and lyrics haven't always been
easy on the ear, but throughout his career
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan has never aimed
to please. He's disturbed the peace and discomforted the
powerful."[242]
In 1999, Dylan embarked on a North American tour with Paul Simon,
where each alternated as headline act with a "middle" section where
they performed together, starting on the first of June and ending
September 18. The collaboration was generally well received.
2000s[edit]
"Things Have Changed"
Dylan's Oscar-winning song was featured in the movie Wonder Boys. The
line "sapphire-tinted skies" echoes the verse of Shelley[243]
while "forty miles of bad road" echoes Duane Eddy's hit single.
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Dylan commenced the 2000s by winning the
Polar Music Prize
Polar Music Prize in May 2000
and his first Oscar; his song "Things Have Changed", written for the
film Wonder Boys, won an
Academy Award
Academy Award in March 2001.[244] The
Oscar, by some reports a facsimile, tours with him, presiding over
shows perched atop an amplifier.[245]
"Love and Theft"
"Love and Theft" was released on September 11, 2001. Recorded with his
touring band, Dylan produced the album himself under the pseudonym
Jack Frost.[246] The album was critically well received and
earned nominations for several Grammy awards.[247] Critics
noted that Dylan was widening his musical palette to include
rockabilly, Western swing, jazz, and even lounge ballads.[248]
"Love and Theft"
"Love and Theft" generated controversy when The Wall Street Journal
pointed out similarities between the album's lyrics and Japanese
author Junichi Saga's book Confessions of a
Yakuza.[249][250]
In 2003, Dylan revisited the evangelical songs from his Christian
period and participated in the CD project Gotta Serve Somebody: The
Gospel Songs of Bob Dylan. That year Dylan also released the film
Masked & Anonymous, which he co-wrote with director Larry Charles
under the alias Sergei Petrov.[251] Dylan played the central
character in the film, Jack Fate, alongside a cast that included Jeff
Bridges,
Penélope Cruz
Penélope Cruz and John Goodman. The film polarised critics:
many dismissed it as an "incoherent mess";[252][253] a
few treated it as a serious work of art.[254][255]
In October 2004, Dylan published the first part of his autobiography,
Chronicles: Volume One. Confounding expectations,[256] Dylan
devoted three chapters to his first year in New York City in
1961–1962, virtually ignoring the mid-1960s when his fame was at its
height. He also devoted chapters to the albums
New Morning
New Morning (1970) and
Oh Mercy
Oh Mercy (1989). The book reached number two on The New York Times'
Hardcover Non-Fiction best seller list in December 2004 and was
nominated for a National
Book
Book Award.[257]
No Direction Home, Martin Scorsese's acclaimed film biography of
Dylan,[258] was first broadcast on September 26–27, 2005, on
BBC Two
BBC Two in the UK and
PBS
PBS in the US.[259] The documentary
focuses on the period from Dylan's arrival in New York in 1961 to his
motorcycle crash in 1966, featuring interviews with Suze Rotolo, Liam
Clancy, Joan Baez, Allen Ginsberg, Pete Seeger, Mavis Staples, and
Dylan himself. The film received a
Peabody Award
Peabody Award in April
2006[260] and a Columbia-duPont Award in January
2007.[261] The accompanying soundtrack featured unreleased
songs from Dylan's early career.[262]
Dylan earned yet another distinction in a 2007 study of US legal
opinions and briefs that found his lyrics were quoted by judges and
lawyers more than those of any other songwriter, 186 times versus 74
by the Beatles, who were second. Among those quoting Dylan were US
Supreme Court
Chief Justice John Roberts
Chief Justice John Roberts and Justice Antonin Scalia,
both conservatives. The most widely cited lines included "you don't
need a weatherman to know which way the wind blows" from "Subterranean
Homesick Blues" and "when you ain't got nothing, you got nothing to
lose" from "Like a Rolling Stone".[263][264]
Modern Times[edit]
May 3, 2006, was the premiere of Dylan's radio presenting career,
hosting a weekly radio program, Theme Time Radio Hour, for XM
Satellite Radio, with song selections revolving around a chosen
theme.[265][266] Dylan played classic and obscure
records from the 1930s to the present day, including contemporary
artists as diverse as Blur, Prince,
L.L. Cool J
L.L. Cool J and the Streets. The
show was praised by fans and critics as "great radio," as Dylan told
stories and made eclectic references with his sardonic humor, while
achieving a thematic beauty with his musical
choices.[267][268] In April 2009, Dylan broadcast the
100th show in his radio series; the theme was "Goodbye" and the final
record played was Woody Guthrie's "So Long, It's Been Good to Know
Yuh". This led to speculation that Dylan's radio excursion had
ended.[269]
Dylan, the Spectrum, 2007
On August 29, 2006, Dylan released his Modern Times album. Despite
some coarsening of Dylan's voice (a critic for The Guardian
characterised his singing on the album as "a catarrhal death
rattle"[270]) most reviewers praised the album, and many
described it as the final installment of a successful trilogy,
embracing Time Out of Mind and "Love and Theft".[271] Modern
Times entered the U.S. charts at number one, making it Dylan's first
album to reach that position since 1976's Desire.[272] The New
York Times published an article exploring similarities between some of
Dylan's lyrics in Modern Times and the work of the Civil War poet
Henry Timrod.[273]
Nominated for three Grammy Awards, Modern Times won Best Contemporary
Folk/Americana Album and
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan also won Best Solo Rock Vocal
Performance for "Someday Baby". Modern Times was named Album of the
Year, 2006, by
Rolling Stone
Rolling Stone magazine,[274] and by Uncut in
the UK.[275] On the same day that Modern Times was released
the iTunes Music Store released Bob Dylan: The Collection, a digital
box set containing all of his albums (773 tracks in total), along with
42 rare and unreleased tracks.[276]
In August 2007, the award-winning film biography of Dylan I'm Not
There, written and directed by Todd Haynes, was released—bearing the
tagline "inspired by the music and many lives of Bob
Dylan".[277][278] The movie used six different actors
to represent different aspects of Dylan's life: Christian Bale, Cate
Blanchett, Marcus Carl Franklin, Richard Gere,
Heath Ledger
Heath Ledger and Ben
Whishaw.[278][279] Dylan's previously unreleased 1967
recording from which the film takes its name[280] was released
for the first time on the film's original soundtrack; all other tracks
are covers of Dylan songs, specially recorded for the movie by a
diverse range of artists, including Sonic Youth, Eddie Vedder, Mason
Jennings, Stephen Malkmus, Jeff Tweedy, Karen O, Willie Nelson, Cat
Power, Richie Havens, and Tom Verlaine.[281]
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan performs at Air Canada Centre, Toronto, November 7, 2006
On October 1, 2007,
Columbia Records
Columbia Records released the triple CD
retrospective album Dylan, anthologising his entire career under the
Dylan 07 logo.[282] As part of this campaign, Mark Ronson
produced a re-mix of Dylan's 1966 tune "Most Likely You Go Your Way
and I'll Go Mine", which was released as a maxi-single. This was the
first time Dylan had sanctioned a re-mix of one of his classic
recordings.[283]
The sophistication of the Dylan 07 marketing campaign was a reminder
that Dylan's commercial profile had risen considerably since the
1990s. This first became evident in 2004, when Dylan appeared in a TV
advertisement for
Victoria's Secret
Victoria's Secret lingerie.[284] Three years
later, in October 2007, he participated in a multi-media campaign for
the 2008 Cadillac Escalade.[285][286] Then, in 2009,
he gave the highest profile endorsement of his career, appearing with
rapper will.i.am in a
Pepsi
Pepsi ad that debuted during the telecast of
Super Bowl XLIII.[287] The ad, broadcast to a record audience
of 98 million viewers, opened with Dylan singing the first verse of
"Forever Young" followed by will.i.am doing a hip hop version of the
song's third and final verse.[288]
In October 2008, Columbia released The Bootleg Series Vol. 8 –
Tell Tale Signs as both a two-CD set and a three-CD version with a
150-page hardcover book. The set contains live performances and
outtakes from selected studio albums from
Oh Mercy
Oh Mercy to Modern Times, as
well as soundtrack contributions and collaborations with David
Bromberg and Ralph Stanley.[289] The pricing of the
album—the two-CD set went on sale for $18.99 and the three-CD
version for $129.99—led to complaints about "rip-off packaging" from
some fans and commentators.[290][291] The release was
widely acclaimed by critics.[292] The abundance of alternative
takes and unreleased material suggested to one reviewer that this
volume of old outtakes "feels like a new
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan record, not only
for the astonishing freshness of the material, but also for the
incredible sound quality and organic feeling of everything
here."[293]
Together Through Life
Together Through Life and Christmas in the Heart[edit]
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan released his album
Together Through Life
Together Through Life on April 28, 2009.
In a conversation with music journalist Bill Flanagan, published on
Dylan's website, Dylan explained that the genesis of the record was
when French film director
Olivier Dahan
Olivier Dahan asked him to supply a song for
his new road movie, My Own Love Song; initially only intending to
record a single track, "Life Is Hard," "the record sort of took its
own direction".[294] Nine of the ten songs on the album are
credited as co-written by
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan and Robert Hunter.[295]
The album received largely favorable reviews,[296] although
several critics described it as a minor addition to Dylan's canon of
work. Andy Gill wrote in
The Independent
The Independent that the record "features
Dylan in fairly relaxed, spontaneous mood, content to grab such
grooves and sentiments as flit momentarily across his radar. So while
it may not contain too many landmark tracks, it's one of the most
naturally enjoyable albums you'll hear all year."[297]
In its first week of release, the album reached number one in the
Billboard 200
Billboard 200 chart in the U.S.,[298] making
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan (67
years of age) the oldest artist to ever debut at number one on that
chart.[298] It also reached number one on the UK album chart,
39 years after Dylan's previous
UK album chart
.jpg/440px-Official_Albums_Chart_(UK).jpg)
UK album chart topper New Morning.
This meant that Dylan currently holds the record for the longest gap
between solo number one albums in the UK chart.[299]
On October 13, 2009, Dylan released a Christmas album, Christmas in
the Heart, comprising such Christmas standards as "Little Drummer
Boy", "Winter Wonderland" and "Here Comes Santa Claus".[300]
Dylan's royalties from the sale of this album will benefit the
charities
Feeding America
Feeding America in the USA, Crisis in the UK, and the World
Food Programme.[301]
The album received generally favorable reviews.[302] The New
Yorker commented that Dylan had welded a pre-rock musical sound to
"some of his croakiest vocals in a while", and speculated that Dylan's
intentions might be ironic: "Dylan has a long and highly publicized
history with Christianity; to claim there's not a wink in the childish
optimism of 'Here Comes Santa Claus' or 'Winter Wonderland' is to
ignore a half-century of biting satire."[303] In USA Today,
Edna Gundersen pointed out that Dylan was "revisiting yuletide styles
popularized by Nat King Cole, Mel Tormé, and the Ray Conniff
Singers." Gundersen concluded that Dylan "couldn't sound more
sentimental or sincere".[304]
In an interview published in The Big Issue, journalist Bill Flanagan
asked Dylan why he had performed the songs in a straightforward style,
and Dylan responded: "There wasn't any other way to play it. These
songs are part of my life, just like folk songs. You have to play them
straight too."[305]
2010s[edit]
Tempest[edit]
On October 18, 2010, Dylan released Volume 9 of his Bootleg Series,
The Witmark Demos. This comprised 47 demo recordings of songs taped
between 1962 and 1964 for Dylan's earliest music publishers: Leeds
Music in 1962, and Witmark Music from 1962 to 1964. One reviewer
described the set as "a hearty glimpse of young
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan changing the
music business, and the world, one note at a time."[306] The
critical aggregator website
Metacritic
Metacritic awarded the album a Metascore
of 86, indicating "universal acclaim".[307] In the same week,
Sony
Sony Legacy released Bob Dylan: The Original Mono Recordings, a box
set that for the first time presented Dylan's eight earliest albums,
from
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan (1962) to John Wesley Harding (1967), in their original
mono mix in the CD format. The CDs were housed in miniature facsimiles
of the original album covers, replete with original liner notes. The
set was accompanied by a booklet featuring an essay by music critic
Greil Marcus.[308][309]
On April 12, 2011,
Legacy Recordings
Legacy Recordings released
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan in
Concert –
Brandeis University
Brandeis University 1963, taped at Brandeis
University on May 10, 1963, two weeks prior to the release of The
Freewheelin' Bob Dylan. The tape was discovered in the archive of
music writer Ralph J. Gleason, and the recording carries liner notes
by Michael Gray, who says it captures Dylan "from way back when
Kennedy was President and the Beatles hadn't yet reached America. It
reveals him not at any Big Moment but giving a performance like his
folk club sets of the period... This is the last live performance we
have of
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan before he becomes a star."[310]
The extent to which his work was studied at an academic level was
demonstrated on Dylan's 70th birthday on May 24, 2011, when three
universities organized symposia on his work. The University of
Mainz,[311] the University of Vienna,[312] and the
University of Bristol[313] invited literary critics and
cultural historians to give papers on aspects of Dylan's work. Other
events, including tribute bands, discussions and simple singalongs,
took place around the world, as reported in The Guardian: "From Moscow
to Madrid, Norway to Northampton and Malaysia to his home state of
Minnesota, self-confessed 'Bobcats' will gather today to celebrate the
70th birthday of a giant of popular music."[314]
Dylan and the Obamas at the White House, after a performance
celebrating music from the civil rights movement (February 9, 2010)
On October 4, 2011, Dylan's label, Egyptian Records, released an album
of previously unheard
Hank Williams
Hank Williams songs, The Lost Notebooks of Hank
Williams. Dylan had helped to curate this project, in which songs
unfinished when Williams died in 1953 were completed and recorded by a
variety of artists, including Dylan himself, his son Jakob Dylan,
Levon Helm, Norah Jones, Jack White, and
others.[315][316]
On May 29, 2012, U.S. President
Barack Obama
Barack Obama awarded Dylan a
Presidential Medal of Freedom
Presidential Medal of Freedom in the White House. At the ceremony,
Obama praised Dylan's voice for its "unique gravelly power that
redefined not just what music sounded like but the message it carried
and how it made people feel".[317]
On September 11, 2012, Dylan released his 35th studio album,
Tempest.[318] The album features a tribute to John Lennon,
"Roll On John", and the title track is a 14-minute song about the
sinking of the Titanic.[319] Reviewing Tempest for Rolling
Stone, Will Hermes gave the album five out of five stars, writing:
"Lyrically, Dylan is at the top of his game, joking around, dropping
wordplay and allegories that evade pat readings and quoting other
folks' words like a freestyle rapper on fire." Hermes called Tempest
"one of [Dylan's] weirdest albums ever", and opined, "It may also be
the single darkest record in Dylan's catalog."[320] The
critical aggregator website
Metacritic
Metacritic awarded the album a score of 83
out of 100, indicating "universal acclaim".[321]
On August 27, 2013,
Columbia Records
Columbia Records released Volume 10 of Dylan's
Bootleg Series, Another Self Portrait (1969–1971).[322] The
album contained 35 previously unreleased tracks, including alternative
takes and demos from Dylan's 1969–1971 recording sessions during the
making of the Self Portrait and
New Morning
New Morning albums. The box set also
included a live recording of Dylan's performance with the Band at the
Isle of Wight
Isle of Wight Festival in 1969. Another Self Portrait received
favorable reviews, earning a score of 81 on the critical aggregator,
Metacritic, indicating "universal acclaim".[323] AllMusic
critic Thom Jurek wrote, "For fans, this is more than a curiosity,
it's an indispensable addition to the catalog."[324]
On November 4, 2013,
Columbia Records
Columbia Records released Bob Dylan: Complete
Album Collection: Vol. One, a boxed set containing all 35 of Dylan's
studio albums, six albums of live recordings, and a collection,
entitled Sidetracks, of singles, songs from films and non-album
material.[325] The box includes new album-by-album liner notes
written by
Clinton Heylin with an introduction by Bill Flanagan. On
the same date, Columbia released a compilation, The Very Best of Bob
Dylan, which is available in both single CD and double CD
formats.[326] To publicize the 35 album box set, an innovative
video of the song "Like a Rolling Stone" was released on Dylan's
website. The interactive video, created by director Vania Heymann,
allowed viewers to switch between 16 simulated TV channels, all
featuring characters who are lip-synching the lyrics of the
48-year-old song.[327][328]
On February 2, 2014, Dylan appeared in a commercial for the Chrysler
200 car which was screened during the 2014 Super Bowl American
football game. At the end of the commercial, Dylan says: "So let
Germany brew your beer, let Switzerland make your watch, let Asia
assemble your phone. We will build your car." Dylan's Super Bowl
commercial generated controversy and op-ed pieces discussing the
protectionist implications of his words, and whether the singer had
"sold out" to corporate
interests.[329][330][331][332][333]
In 2013 and 2014, auction house sales demonstrated the high cultural
value attached to Dylan's mid-1960s work, and the record prices that
collectors were willing to pay for artefacts from this period. In
December 2013, the
Fender Stratocaster
Fender Stratocaster which Dylan had played at the
1965
Newport Folk Festival
Newport Folk Festival fetched $965,000, the second highest price
paid for a guitar.[334][335] In June 2014, Dylan's
hand-written lyrics of "Like a Rolling Stone", his 1965 hit single,
fetched $2 million dollars at auction, a record for a popular music
manuscript.[336][337]
On October 28, 2014, Simon & Schuster published a massive 960
page, thirteen and a half pound edition of Dylan's lyrics, The Lyrics:
Since 1962. The book was edited by literary critic Christopher Ricks,
Julie Nemrow and Lisa Nemrow, to offer variant versions of Dylan's
songs, sourced from out-takes and live performances. A limited edition
of 50 books, signed by Dylan, was priced at $5,000. "It's the biggest,
most expensive book we've ever published, as far as I know," said
Jonathan Karp, Simon & Schuster's president and
publisher.[338][339]
On November 4, 2014, Columbia Records/
Legacy Recordings
Legacy Recordings released The
Basement Tapes Complete by
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan and the Band. These 138 tracks in
a six-CD box form Volume 11 of Dylan's Bootleg Series. The 1975 album,
The Basement Tapes, contained some of the songs which Dylan and the
Band recorded in their homes in Woodstock, New York, in 1967.
Subsequently, over 100 recordings and alternate takes have circulated
on bootleg records. The sleeve notes for the new box set are by Sid
Griffin, American musician and author of Million Dollar Bash: Bob
Dylan, the Band, and the Basement Tapes.[340][341]
Shadows in the Night, Fallen Angels and Triplicate[edit]
On February 3, 2015, Dylan released Shadows in the Night, featuring
ten songs written between 1923 and 1963,[342][343]
which have been described as part of the Great American
Songbook.[344] All the songs on the album were recorded by
Frank Sinatra
Frank Sinatra but both critics and Dylan himself cautioned against
seeing the record as a collection of "Sinatra
covers".[342][345] Dylan explained, "I don't see
myself as covering these songs in any way. They've been covered
enough. Buried, as a matter a fact. What me and my band are basically
doing is uncovering them. Lifting them out of the grave and bringing
them into the light of day."[346] In an interview, Dylan said
he had been thinking about making this record since hearing Willie
Nelson's 1978 album Stardust.[347] Dylan's first foray into
this material was in 2001 when he recorded Dean Martin's "Return to
Me" for the third season of The Sopranos.[348]
Shadows In the Night received favorable reviews, scoring 82 on the
critical aggregator Metacritic, which indicates "universal
acclaim".[349] Critics praised the restrained instrumental
backings and Dylan's singing, saying that the material had elicited
his best vocal performances in recent years.[344][350]
Bill Prince in GQ commented: "A performer who's had to hear his
influence in virtually every white pop recording made since he debuted
his own self-titled album back in 1962 imagines himself into the songs
of his pre-rock'n'roll early youth."[345] In The Independent,
Andy Gill wrote that the recordings "have a lingering, languid charm,
which... help to liberate the material from the rusting manacles of
big-band and cabaret mannerisms."[351] The album debuted at
number one in the
UK Albums Chart in its first week of
release.[352]
On October 5, 2015,
IBM
IBM launched a marketing campaign for its Watson
computer system which featured Dylan. Dylan is seen conversing with
the computer which says it has read all his lyrics and reports: "My
analysis shows that your major themes are that time passes and love
fades." Dylan replies: "That sounds about right."[353]
On November 6, 2015,
Sony
Sony Music released The Bootleg Series Vol. 12:
The Cutting Edge 1965–1966. This work consists of previously
unreleased material from the three albums Dylan recorded between
January 1965 and March 1966: Bringing It All Back Home, Highway 61
Revisited and Blonde on Blonde. The records have been released in
three formats: a 2-CD "Best Of" version, a 6-CD "Deluxe edition", and
an 18-CD "Collector's Edition" in a limited edition of 5,000 units. On
Dylan's website the "Collector's Edition" was described as containing
"every single note recorded by
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan in the studio in
1965/1966".[354][355] The critical aggregator website
Metacritic
Metacritic awarded Cutting Edge a score of 99, indicating universal
acclaim.[356] The Best of the Cutting Edge entered the
Billboard Top Rock Albums chart at number one on November 18, based on
its first-week sales.[357]
On March 2, 2016, it was announced that Dylan had sold an extensive
archive of about 6,000 items to the
George Kaiser Family Foundation
and the University of Tulsa. It was reported that the sale price was
"an estimated $15 million to $20 million", and the archive comprises
notebooks, drafts of Dylan lyrics, recordings, and
correspondence.[358] Filmed material in the collection
includes 30 hours of outtakes from the 1965 tour documentary Dont Look
Back, 30 hours of footage shot on Dylan's legendary 1966 electric
tour, and 50 hours shot on the 1975 Rolling Thunder Revue. The archive
will be housed at Helmerich Center for American Research, a facility
at the Gilcrease Museum.[359]
On May 20, Dylan released Fallen Angels, which was described as "a
direct continuation of the work of 'uncovering' the Great Songbook
that he began on last year's Shadows In the Night."[360] The
album contained twelve songs by classic songwriters such as Harold
Arlen,
Sammy Cahn
Sammy Cahn and Johnny Mercer, eleven of which had been recorded
by Sinatra.[360] Jim Farber wrote in Entertainment Weekly:
"Tellingly, [Dylan] delivers these songs of love lost and cherished
not with a burning passion but with the wistfulness of experience.
They're memory songs now, intoned with a present sense of commitment.
Released just four days ahead of his 75th birthday, they couldn't be
more age-appropriate."[361] The album received a score of 79
on critical aggregator website Metacritic, denoting "generally
favorable reviews".[362]
On October 13, the
Nobel Prize
Nobel Prize committee announced it had awarded
Dylan the
Nobel Prize in Literature
Nobel Prize in Literature "for having created new poetic
expressions within the great American song
tradition".[3][363]
On November 11, 2016,
Legacy Recordings
Legacy Recordings released a 36-CD set, The 1966
Live Recordings, including every known recording of Bob Dylan's 1966
concert tour.
Legacy Recordings
Legacy Recordings President Adam Block said: "While
doing the archival research for The Cutting Edge 1965–1966, last
year's box set of Dylan's mid-'60s studio sessions, we were
continually struck by how great his 1966 live recordings really
are."[364] The recordings commence with the concert in White
Plains New York on February 5, 1966, and end with the Royal Albert
Hall concert in London on May 27,[365] whilst sequencing them
differently in the CD package. The liner notes for the set are by
Clinton Heylin, author of the book, Judas!: From Forest Hills to the
Free Trade Hall: A Historical View of Dylan's Big Boo, a study of the
1966 tour.[366]
The New York Times
The New York Times reported most of the
concerts had "never been heard in any form", and described the set as
"a monumental addition to the corpus".[367]
On March 31, 2017, Dylan released his triple album, Triplicate,
comprising 30 new recordings of classic American songs, including "As
Time Goes By" by
Herman Hupfeld and "Stormy Weather" by Harold Arlen
and Ted Koehler. Dylan's 38th studio album was recorded in Hollywood's
Capitol Studios
Capitol Studios and features his touring band.[368] Dylan
posted a long interview on his website to promote the album, and was
asked if this material was an exercise in nostalgia. "Nostalgic? No I
wouldn't say that. It's not taking a trip down memory lane or longing
and yearning for the good old days or fond memories of what's no more.
A song like "Sentimental Journey" is not a way back when song, it
doesn't emulate the past, it's attainable and down to earth, it's in
the here and now."[369] The album was awarded a score of 84 on
critical aggregator website Metacritic, signifying "universal
acclaim". Critics praised the thoroughness of Dylan's exploration of
the great American songbook, though, in the opinion of Uncut: "For all
its easy charms, Triplicate labours its point to the brink of
overkill. After five albums' worth of croon toons, this feels like a
fat full stop on a fascinating chapter."[370]
Conor McPherson's play Girl from the North Country, where dramatic
action is broken up by 20 Dylan songs, opened in London's The Old Vic
on July 26, 2017. The project began when Dylan's office approached
McPherson and suggested creating a play using Dylan songs. The drama
received favorable reviews.[371][372]
On November 3,
Sony
Sony Music released The Bootleg Series Vol. 13: Trouble
No More 1979–1981, comprising 8 CDs and 1 DVD.[373] Trouble
No More documents what
Rolling Stone
Rolling Stone described as Dylan's "Born Again
Christian period of 1979 to 1981 – an intense, wildly controversial
time that produced three albums and some of the most confrontational
concerts of his long career."[373] Reviewing the box set in
The New York Times,
Jon Pareles wrote, "Decades later, what comes
through these recordings above all is Mr. Dylan's unmistakable fervor,
his sense of mission. The studio albums are subdued, even tentative,
compared with what the songs became on the road. Mr. Dylan's voice is
clear, cutting and ever improvisational; working the crowds, he was
emphatic, committed, sometimes teasingly combative. And the band tears
into the music."[374] Trouble No More includes a DVD of a film
directed by Jennifer Lebeau consisting of live footage of Dylan's
gospel performances interspersed with sermons delivered by actor
Michael Shannon. The box set album received an aggregate score of 84
on the critical website Metacritic, indicating "universal
acclaim".[375]
On April 5, 2018, Dylan contributed to the compilation EP Universal
Love, a collection of reimagined wedding songs for the LGBT
community.[376] The album was funded by MGM Resorts
International and the songs are intended to function as "wedding
anthems for same-sex couples".[377] Dylan recorded the 1929
song "She's Funny That Way", changing the gender pronoun to "He's
Funny That Way". The song has previously been recorded by Billie
Holiday and Frank Sinatra.[377][378]
Also in April 2018,
The New York Times
The New York Times announced that Dylan was
launching Heaven's Door, a range of three whiskeys: a straight rye, a
straight bourbon and a "double-barreled" whiskey. Dylan has been
involved in both the creation and the marketing of the range. The
Times described the venture as "Mr. Dylan's entry into the booming
celebrity-branded spirits market, the latest career twist for an
artist who has spent five decades confounding
expectations."[379]
On November 2, 2018, Dylan released More Blood, More Tracks as Volume
14 in the Bootleg Series. The set comprises all Dylan's recordings for
his 1975 album Blood On the Tracks, and was issued as a single CD and
also as a six-CD Deluxe Edition.[380] The box set album
received an aggregate score of 93 on the critical website Metacritic,
indicating "universal acclaim".[381]
On June 12, 2019,
Netflix
Netflix released "Rolling Thunder Revue: A Bob Dylan
Story by Martin Scorsese, describing the film as "Part documentary,
part concert film, part fever dream".[382][180] The
documentary was released on
Netflix
Netflix with concurrent extended
theatrical schedules in Los Angeles and New York so that the film will
qualify for award consideration.[180] The Scorsese film
received an aggregate score of 88 on critical website Metacritic,
indicating "universal acclaim".[383] The film sparked
controversy because of the way it deliberately mixed documentary
footage filmed during the
Rolling Thunder Revue
Rolling Thunder Revue in the fall of 1975
with fictitious characters and invented stories.[384]
Coinciding with the film release, a box set of 14 CDs, The Rolling
Thunder Revue: The 1975 Live Recordings, was released by Columbia
Records on June 7. The set comprises five full Dylan performances from
the tour and recently discovered tapes from Dylan's tour
rehearsals.[385] The box set received an aggregate score of 89
on the critical website Metacritic, indicating "universal
acclaim".[386]
Never Ending Tour[edit]
Main article: Never Ending Tour
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan performing at Finsbury Park, London, June 18, 2011
The
Never Ending Tour
Never Ending Tour commenced on June 7, 1988,[387] and
Dylan has played roughly 100 dates a year for the entirety of the
1990s and 2000s—a heavier schedule than most performers who started
out in the 1960s.[388] By May 2013, Dylan and his band had
played more than 2,500 shows,[389][390] anchored by
long-time bassist Tony Garnier, drummer George Recile,
multi-instrumentalist Donnie Herron, and guitarist Charlie
Sexton.[391] To the dismay of some of his
audience,[392] Dylan's performances remain unpredictable as he
alters his arrangements and changes his vocal approach night after
night.[393] Critical opinion about Dylan's shows remains
divided. Critics such as Richard Williams and Andy Gill have argued
that Dylan has found a successful way to present his rich legacy of
material.[394][395] Others have criticized his live
performances for mangling and spitting out "the greatest lyrics ever
written so that they are effectively unrecognisable", and giving so
little to the audience that "it is difficult to understand what he is
doing on stage at all."[396]
Dylan's performances in China in April 2011 generated controversy.
Some criticised him for not making any explicit comment on the
political situation in China, and for, allegedly, allowing the Chinese
authorities to censor his set list.[397][398] Others
defended Dylan's performances, arguing that such criticism represented
a misunderstanding of Dylan's art, and that no evidence for the
censorship of Dylan's set list existed.[399][400] In
response to these allegations, Dylan posted a statement on his
website: "As far as censorship goes, the Chinese government had asked
for the names of the songs that I would be playing. There's no logical
answer to that, so we sent them the set lists from the previous 3
months. If there were any songs, verses or lines censored, nobody ever
told me about it and we played all the songs that we intended to
play."[401]
In February 2019, Dylan's touring company announced that he would
undertake two tours in Europe. The first tour commenced in
Düsseldorf, Germany, on March 31, and ended in Valencia, Spain, on
May 7. He played his 3000th show of the
Never Ending Tour
Never Ending Tour on April 19,
2019, in Innsbruck, Austria.[402] Dylan's second tour began
in Bergen, Norway, on June 21, and ended in Kilkenny, Ireland, on July
14.[403][404]
Visual artist[edit]
The cover of Dylan's album Self Portrait (1970) is a reproduction of a
painting of a face by Dylan.[405] Another of his paintings is
reproduced on the cover of the 1974 album Planet Waves. In 1994 Random
House published Drawn Blank, a book of Dylan's drawings.[406]
In 2007, the first public exhibition of Dylan's paintings, The Drawn
Blank Series, opened at the Kunstsammlungen in Chemnitz,
Germany;[407] it showcased more than 200 watercolors and
gouaches made from the original drawings. The exhibition coincided
with the publication of Bob Dylan: The Drawn Blank Series, which
includes 170 reproductions from the series.[407][408]
From September 2010 until April 2011, the National Gallery of Denmark
exhibited 40 large-scale acrylic paintings by Dylan, The Brazil
Series.[409]
In July 2011, a leading contemporary art gallery, Gagosian Gallery,
announced their representation of Dylan's paintings.[410] An
exhibition of Dylan's art, The Asia Series, opened at the Gagosian
Madison Avenue Gallery on September 20, displaying Dylan's paintings
of scenes in China and the Far East.[411] The New York Times
reported that "some fans and Dylanologists have raised questions about
whether some of these paintings are based on the singer's own
experiences and observations, or on photographs that are widely
available and were not taken by Mr. Dylan." The Times pointed to close
resemblances between Dylan's paintings and historic photos of Japan
and China, and photos taken by
Dmitri Kessel and Henri
Cartier-Bresson.[412] Art critic
Blake Gopnik has defended
Dylan's artistic practice, arguing: "Ever since the birth of
photography, painters have used it as the basis for their works: Edgar
Degas and
Edouard Vuillard
Edouard Vuillard and other favorite artists—even Edvard
Munch—all took or used photos as sources for their art, sometimes
barely altering them."[413] The Magnum photo agency confirmed
that Dylan had licensed the reproduction rights of these
photographs.[414]
Dylan's second show at the Gagosian Gallery, Revisionist Art, opened
in November 2012. The show consisted of thirty paintings, transforming
and satirizing popular magazines, including
Playboy
Playboy and
Babytalk.[415][416] In February 2013, Dylan exhibited
the
New Orleans
New Orleans Series of paintings at the Palazzo Reale in
Milan.[417] In August 2013, Britain's National Portrait
Gallery in London hosted Dylan's first major UK exhibition, Face
Value, featuring twelve pastel portraits.[418]
In November 2013, the
Halcyon Gallery
.jpg/440px-Spiderman_at_the_Halcyon_Gallery_London_(17620097548).jpg)
Halcyon Gallery in London mounted Mood Swings,
an exhibition in which Dylan displayed seven wrought iron gates he had
made. In a statement released by the gallery, Dylan said, "I've been
around iron all my life ever since I was a kid. I was born and raised
in iron ore country, where you could breathe it and smell it every
day. Gates appeal to me because of the negative space they allow. They
can be closed but at the same time they allow the seasons and breezes
to enter and flow. They can shut you out or shut you in. And in some
ways there is no difference."[419][420]
In November 2016, the
Halcyon Gallery
Halcyon Gallery featured a collection of
drawings, watercolors and acrylic works by Dylan. The exhibition, The
Beaten Path, depicted American landscapes and urban scenes, inspired
by Dylan's travels across the USA.[421] The show was reviewed
by Vanity Fair and Asia Times
Online.[422][423][424] In October 2018, the
Halcyon Gallery
Halcyon Gallery mounted an exhibition of Dylan's drawings, Mondo
Scripto. The works consisted of Dylan hand-written lyrics of his
songs, with each song illustrated by a drawing.[425]
Since 1994, Dylan has published eight books of paintings and
drawings.[426]
Discography[edit]
Main articles:
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan discography and List of songs written by Bob
Dylan
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan (1962)
The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan
The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan (1963)
The Times They Are a-Changin' (1964)
Another Side of Bob Dylan
Another Side of Bob Dylan (1964)
Bringing It All Back Home
Bringing It All Back Home (1965)
Highway 61 Revisited
Highway 61 Revisited (1965)
Blonde on Blonde
Blonde on Blonde (1966)
John Wesley Harding (1967)
Nashville Skyline
Nashville Skyline (1969)
Self Portrait (1970)
New Morning
New Morning (1970)
Pat Garrett & Billy the Kid (1973)
Dylan (1973)
Planet Waves
Planet Waves (1974)
Blood on the Tracks
Blood on the Tracks (1975)
The Basement Tapes
The Basement Tapes (1975)
Desire (1976)
Street Legal (1978)
Slow Train Coming
Slow Train Coming (1979)
Saved (1980)
Shot of Love
Shot of Love (1981)
Infidels (1983)
Empire Burlesque
Empire Burlesque (1985)
Knocked Out Loaded
Knocked Out Loaded (1986)
Down in the Groove
Down in the Groove (1988)
Oh Mercy
Oh Mercy (1989)
Under the Red Sky
Under the Red Sky (1990)
Good as I Been to You
Good as I Been to You (1992)
World Gone Wrong
World Gone Wrong (1993)
Time Out of Mind (1997)
"Love and Theft"
"Love and Theft" (2001)
Modern Times (2006)
Together Through Life
Together Through Life (2009)
Christmas in the Heart
Christmas in the Heart (2009)
Tempest (2012)
Shadows in the Night
Shadows in the Night (2015)
Fallen Angels (2016)
Triplicate (2017)
Bibliography[edit]
Main article:
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan bibliography
Dylan has published Tarantula, a work of prose poetry; Chronicles:
Volume One, the first part of his memoirs; several books of the lyrics
of his songs, and eight books of his art. He has also been the subject
of numerous biographies and critical studies.
Personal life[edit]
Romantic relationships[edit]
Suze Rotolo[edit]
Dylan's first serious relationship was with artist Suze Rotolo, a
daughter of
American Communist Party
American Communist Party radicals. According to Dylan,
"She was the most erotic thing I'd ever seen... The air was suddenly
filled with banana leaves. We started talking and my head started to
spin."[427] Rotolo was photographed arm-in-arm with Dylan on
the cover of his album The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan. Critics have
connected Rotolo to some of Dylan's early love songs, including "Don't
Think Twice It's All Right". The relationship ended in
1964.[428] In 2008, Rotolo published a memoir about her life
in
Greenwich Village
Greenwich Village and relationship with Dylan in the 1960s, A
Freewheelin' Time.[429]
Joan Baez[edit]
When
Joan Baez
Joan Baez first met Dylan in April 1961, she had already released
her first album and was acclaimed as the "Queen of Folk".[430]
On hearing Dylan perform his song "With God on Our Side," Baez later
said, "I never thought anything so powerful could come out of that
little toad".[431] In July 1963, Baez invited Dylan to join
her on stage at the Newport Folk Festival, setting the scene for
similar duets over the next two years.[432] By the time of
Dylan's 1965 tour of the U.K, their romantic relationship had begun to
fizzle out, as captured in D. A. Pennebaker's documentary film Dont
Look Back.[432] Baez later toured with Dylan as a performer on
his
Rolling Thunder Revue
Rolling Thunder Revue in 1975–76, and sang four songs with Dylan
on the live album of the tour,
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan Live 1975, The Rolling
Thunder Revue. Baez appeared with Dylan in the one-hour TV special
Hard Rain, filmed at Fort Collins, Colorado, in May 1976. Baez also
starred as 'The Woman In White' in the film
Renaldo and Clara
Renaldo and Clara (1978),
directed by Dylan and filmed during the Rolling Thunder Revue. Dylan
and Baez toured together again in 1984 with Carlos
Santana.[432]
Baez recalled her relationship with Dylan in Martin Scorsese's
documentary film
No Direction Home
No Direction Home (2005). Baez wrote about Dylan in
two autobiographies—admiringly in Daybreak (1968), and less
admiringly in And A Voice to Sing With (1987). Baez's relationship
with Dylan is the subject of her song "Diamonds & Rust", which has
been described as "an acute portrait" of Dylan.[432]
Sara Dylan[edit]
Dylan married Sara Lownds, who had worked as a model and a secretary
to Drew Associates, on November 22, 1965.[433] Their first
child, Jesse Byron Dylan, was born on January 6, 1966, and they had
three more children: Anna Lea (born July 11, 1967), Samuel Isaac Abram
(born July 30, 1968), and Jakob Luke (born December 9, 1969). Dylan
also adopted Sara's daughter from a prior marriage, Maria Lownds
(later Dylan, born October 21, 1961).
Sara Dylan played the role of
Clara in Dylan's film
Renaldo and Clara
Renaldo and Clara (1978). Bob and Sara Dylan
were divorced on June 29, 1977.[433]
Maria married musician
Peter Himmelman
Peter Himmelman in 1988.[434] Jakob
became well known as the lead singer of the band the Wallflowers in
the 1990's. Jesse is a film director and a successful businessman.
Carolyn Dennis[edit]
Dylan married his backup singer
Carolyn Dennis (often professionally
known as Carol Dennis) on June 4, 1986. Desiree Gabrielle
Dennis-Dylan, their daughter, was born on January 31,
1986.[435] The couple divorced in October 1992. Their marriage
and child remained a closely guarded secret until the publication of
Howard Sounes' biography Down the Highway: The Life of Bob Dylan, in
2001.[436]
Home[edit]
When not touring, Dylan is believed to live primarily in Point Dume, a
promontory on the coast of Malibu, California, though he also owns
property around the world.[437][438]
Religious beliefs[edit]
Growing up in Hibbing, Minnesota, Dylan and his family were part of
the area's small but close-knit Jewish community, and in May 1954
Dylan had his Bar Mitzvah.[439][14] Around the time of
his 30th birthday, in 1971, Dylan visited Israel, and also met Rabbi
Meir Kahane, founder of the New York-based Jewish Defense
League.[440] Time magazine quoted him saying about Kahane,
"He's a really sincere guy. He's really put it all
together."[441] Subsequently, Dylan downplayed the extent of
his contact with Kahane.[442]
Dylan performs in Rotterdam Ahoy, the Netherlands, June 4, 1984
During the late 1970s, Dylan converted to Christianity. In November
1978, guided by his friend Mary Alice Artes, Dylan made contact with
the Vineyard School of Discipleship.[194] Vineyard Pastor Kenn
Gulliksen has recalled: "Larry Myers and Paul Emond went over to Bob's
house and ministered to him. He responded by saying, 'Yes he did in
fact want Christ in his life.' And he prayed that day and received the
Lord."[443][444] From January to March 1979, Dylan
attended the Vineyard Bible study classes in Reseda,
California.[194][445]
By 1984, Dylan was distancing himself from the "born again" label. He
told
Kurt Loder of
Rolling Stone
Rolling Stone magazine: "I've never said I'm born
again. That's just a media term. I don't think I've been an agnostic.
I've always thought there's a superior power, that this is not the
real world and that there's a world to come." In response to Loder's
asking whether he belonged to any church or synagogue, Dylan
laughingly replied, "Not really. Uh, the Church of the Poison
Mind."[446]
When it was asked of Dylan in a 1986 press conference in Australia
"How much do you feel you are a vessel, a medium for a higher power,
for God, that it [the music] flows through you... for Him?" Dylan
replied, "Well I feel that way about most of the stuff that I
do."[447]
In 1997, he told David Gates of Newsweek:
Here's the thing with me and the religious thing. This is the flat-out
truth: I find the religiosity and philosophy in the music. I don't
find it anywhere else. Songs like "Let Me Rest on a Peaceful Mountain"
or "I Saw the Light"—that's my religion. I don't adhere to rabbis,
preachers, evangelists, all of that. I've learned more from the songs
than I've learned from any of this kind of entity. The songs are my
lexicon. I believe the songs.[448]
In an interview published in
The New York Times
The New York Times on September 28, 1997,
journalist
Jon Pareles reported that "Dylan says he now subscribes to
no organized religion."[449]
Dylan has supported the
Chabad
Chabad Lubavitch movement,[450] and
has privately participated in Jewish religious events, including the
Bar Mitzvahs of his sons and attending Hadar Hatorah, a Chabad
Lubavitch yeshiva. In September 1989 and September 1991, he appeared
on the
Chabad
Chabad telethon.[451] On
Yom Kippur
Yom Kippur in 2007 he attended
Congregation Beth Tefillah, in Atlanta, Georgia, where he was called
to the
Torah
Torah for the sixth aliyah.[452]
Dylan has continued to perform songs from his gospel albums in
concert, occasionally covering traditional religious songs. He has
also made passing references to his religious faith—such as in a
2004 interview with 60 Minutes, when he told
Ed Bradley
Ed Bradley that "the only
person you have to think twice about lying to is either yourself or to
God." He also explained his constant touring schedule as part of a
bargain he made a long time ago with the "chief commander—in this
earth and in the world we can't see."[30]
In a 2009 interview with
Bill Flanagan
Bill Flanagan promoting Dylan's Christmas LP,
Christmas in the Heart, Flanagan commented on the "heroic performance"
Dylan gave of "O Little Town of Bethlehem" and that he "delivered the
song like a true believer". Dylan replied: "Well, I am a true
believer."[305]
Accolades[edit]
Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Bob Dylan
President Obama presents Dylan with a Medal of Freedom, May 2012
Play media
Sara Danius
Sara Danius announces the
Nobel Prize in Literature
Nobel Prize in Literature 2016.
Dylan has won many awards throughout his career including the 2016
Nobel Prize
Nobel Prize in Literature, ten Grammy Awards,[453] one Academy
Award and one Golden Globe Award. He has been inducted into the Rock
and Roll Hall of Fame, Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame, and
Songwriters Hall of Fame. In May 2000, Dylan received the Polar Music
Prize from Sweden's King Carl XVI.[454]
In June 2007, Dylan received the Prince of Asturias Award in the Arts
category.[455] Dylan received the Presidential Medal of
Freedom in May 2012.[456][457] In February 2015, Dylan
accepted the
MusiCares Person of the Year
MusiCares Person of the Year award from the National
Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences, in recognition of his
philanthropic and artistic contributions to society.[458] In
November 2013, Dylan received the accolade of
Légion d'Honneur
Légion d'Honneur from
the French education minister Aurélie Filippetti.[459]
Nobel Prize
Nobel Prize in Literature[edit]
The
Nobel Prize
Nobel Prize committee announced on October 13, 2016, that it would
be awarding Dylan the
Nobel Prize in Literature
Nobel Prize in Literature "for having created
new poetic expressions within the great American song
tradition".[3][460]
The New York Times
The New York Times reported: "Mr.
Dylan, 75, is the first musician to win the award, and his selection
on Thursday is perhaps the most radical choice in a history stretching
back to 1901."[363] Dylan and
George Bernard Shaw
George Bernard Shaw are the only
two people who have received both a
Nobel Prize
Nobel Prize and an Academy
Award.[461]
On October 21, a member of the Swedish Academy, writer Per Wästberg,
termed Dylan "impolite and arrogant" for ignoring the Nobel
Committee's attempts to contact him.[462] Academy permanent
secretary
Sara Danius
Sara Danius answered, "The
Swedish Academy
Swedish Academy has never held a
view on a prizewinner's decision in this context, neither will it
now."[463]
After two weeks of speculation about Dylan's silence concerning the
Nobel Prize,[464] he said in an interview with Edna Gundersen
that getting the award was: "amazing, incredible. Whoever dreams about
something like that?"[465]
On November 17, 2016, the
Swedish Academy
Swedish Academy announced that Dylan would
not travel to
Stockholm
.jpg/700px-Stockholm-Storkyrkan_(St.Georg).jpg)
Stockholm for the
Nobel Prize
Nobel Prize Ceremony due to
"pre-existing commitments".[466] At the
Nobel Banquet
Nobel Banquet in
Stockholm
Stockholm on December 10, 2016, Dylan's banquet speech was given by
Azita Raji, U.S. Ambassador to Sweden. The speech stated: "From an
early age, I've been familiar with and reading and absorbing the works
of those who were deemed worthy of such a distinction: Kipling, Shaw,
Thomas Mann, Pearl Buck, Albert Camus, Hemingway. These giants of
literature whose works are taught in the schoolroom, housed in
libraries around the world and spoken of in reverent tones have always
made a deep impression. That I now join the names on such a list is
truly beyond words."[467]
Patti Smith
Patti Smith accepted Dylan's Nobel
with a "transcendent performance" of his song "A Hard Rain's A-Gonna
Fall" to orchestral accompaniment.[468]
On April 2, 2017, the Academy secretary Danius said: "Earlier today
the
Swedish Academy
Swedish Academy met with
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan for a private ceremony [with no
media present] in Stockholm, during which Dylan received his gold
medal and diploma. Twelve members of the Academy were present. Spirits
were high. Champagne was had. Quite a bit of time was spent looking
closely at the gold medal, in particular the beautifully crafted back,
an image of a young man sitting under a laurel tree who listens to the
Muse. Taken from Virgil's Aeneid, the inscription reads: Inventas
vitam iuvat excoluisse per artes, loosely translated as "And they who
bettered life on earth by their newly found mastery."[469]
On June 5, 2017, Dylan's Nobel Lecture was posted on the Nobel prize
website.[470]
The New York Times
The New York Times pointed out that, in order to
collect the prize's 8 million Swedish krona ($900,000), the Swedish
Academy's rules stipulate the laureate "must deliver a lecture within
six months of the official ceremony, which would have made Mr. Dylan's
deadline June 10."[471] Academy secretary Danius commented:
"The speech is extraordinary and, as one might expect, eloquent. Now
that the lecture has been delivered, the Dylan adventure is coming to
a close."[472] In his essay, Dylan writes about the impact
that three important books made on him: Herman Melville's Moby-Dick,
Erich Maria Remarque's
All Quiet on the Western Front
All Quiet on the Western Front and Homer's The
Odyssey. He concludes: "Our songs are alive in the land of the living.
But songs are unlike literature. They're meant to be sung, not read.
The words in Shakespeare's plays were meant to be acted on the stage.
Just as lyrics in songs are meant to be sung, not read on a page. And
I hope some of you get the chance to listen to these lyrics the way
they were intended to be heard: in concert or on record or however
people are listening to songs these days. I return once again to
Homer, who says, 'Sing in me, oh Muse, and through me tell the
story'."[473]
Alan Pasqua provided the uncredited piano
accompaniment for the recorded speech.[474]
Legacy[edit]
Dylan has been described as one of the most influential figures of the
20th century, musically and culturally. He was included in the Time
100: The Most Important People of the Century where he was called
"master poet, caustic social critic and intrepid, guiding spirit of
the counterculture generation".[475] In 2008, the Pulitzer
Prize jury awarded him a special citation for "his profound impact on
popular music and American culture, marked by lyrical compositions of
extraordinary poetic power."[476]
President
Barack Obama
Barack Obama said of Dylan in 2012, "There is not a bigger
giant in the history of American music."[317] For 20 years,
academics lobbied the
Swedish Academy
Swedish Academy to give Dylan the
Nobel Prize
Nobel Prize in
Literature.[477][478][479][480] He
received the award in 2016,[363] making Dylan the first
musician to be awarded the Literature Prize.[363] Horace
Engdahl, a member of the Nobel Committee, described Dylan's place in
literary history:
...a singer worthy of a place beside the Greek bards, beside Ovid,
beside the Romantic visionaries, beside the kings and queens of the
blues, beside the forgotten masters of brilliant
standards.[481]
Rolling Stone
Rolling Stone has ranked Dylan at number one in its 2015 list of the
100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time,[482] and listed "Like A
Rolling Stone" as the "Greatest Song of all Time" in their 2011
list.[483] In 2008, it was estimated that Dylan had sold about
120 million albums worldwide.[484]
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I loved him because he wrote some beautiful stuff. I used to love his
so-called protest things. But I like the sound of him. I didn't have
to listen to his words. He used to come with his acetate and say,
"Listen to this, John. Did you hear the words?" And I said, "That
doesn't matter, just the sound is what counts."...I respected him, I
respected him a lot.
John Lennon, 1970[485]
Initially modeling his writing style on the songs of Woody
Guthrie,[486] the blues of Robert Johnson,[487] and
what he termed the "architectural forms" of Hank Williams
songs,[488] Dylan added increasingly sophisticated lyrical
techniques to the folk music of the early 1960s, infusing it "with the
intellectualism of classic literature and poetry".[489] Paul
Simon suggested that Dylan's early compositions virtually took over
the folk genre: "[Dylan's] early songs were very rich ... with
strong melodies. 'Blowin' in the Wind' has a really strong melody. He
so enlarged himself through the folk background that he incorporated
it for a while. He defined the genre for a while."[490]
When Dylan made his move from acoustic folk and blues music to a rock
backing, the mix became more complex. For many critics, his greatest
achievement was the cultural synthesis exemplified by his mid-1960s
trilogy of albums—Bringing It All Back Home, Highway 61 Revisited
and Blonde on Blonde. In Mike Marqusee's words:
Between late 1964 and the middle of 1966, Dylan created a body of work
that remains unique. Drawing on folk, blues, country, R&B,
rock'n'roll, gospel, British beat, symbolist, modernist and Beat
poetry, surrealism and Dada, advertising jargon and social commentary,
Fellini and Mad magazine, he forged a coherent and original artistic
voice and vision. The beauty of these albums retains the power to
shock and console.[491]
Dylan's lyrics began to receive detailed scrutiny from academics and
poets as early as 1998, when Stanford University sponsored the first
international academic conference on
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan to be held in the
United States.[492] In 2004, Richard F. Thomas, Classics
professor at Harvard University, created a freshman seminar titled
"Dylan" "to put the artist in context of not just popular culture of
the last half-century, but the tradition of classical poets like
Virgil
Virgil and Homer."[493]
Literary critic
Christopher Ricks published Dylan's Visions of Sin, a
500-page analysis of Dylan's work,[494] and has said: "I'd not
have written a book about Dylan, to stand alongside my books on Milton
and Keats, Tennyson and T.S. Eliot, if I didn't think Dylan a genius
of and with language.[495] Former British poet laureate Andrew
Motion suggested his lyrics should be studied in schools.[496]
The critical consensus that Dylan's song writing was his outstanding
creative achievement was articulated by
Encyclopædia Britannica
Encyclopædia Britannica where
his entry stated: "Hailed as the
Shakespeare
.jpg/360px-FORBES,_James_Esq._(1834).jpg)
Shakespeare of his generation,
Dylan... set the standard for lyric writing."[497]
Dylan's voice also received critical attention. Robert Shelton
described his early vocal style as "a rusty voice suggesting Guthrie's
old performances, etched in gravel like Dave Van Ronk's".[498]
David Bowie, in his tribute, "Song for Bob Dylan", described Dylan's
singing as "a voice like sand and glue". His voice continued to
develop as he began to work with rock'n'roll backing bands; critic
Michael Gray described the sound of Dylan's vocal work on "Like a
Rolling Stone" as "at once young and jeeringly cynical".[499]
As Dylan's voice aged during the 1980s, for some critics, it became
more expressive. Christophe Lebold writes in the journal Oral
Tradition, "Dylan's more recent broken voice enables him to present a
world view at the sonic surface of the songs—this voice carries us
across the landscape of a broken, fallen world. The anatomy of a
broken world in "Everything is Broken" (on the album Oh Mercy) is but
an example of how the thematic concern with all things broken is
grounded in a concrete sonic reality."[500]
Dylan is considered a seminal influence on many musical genres. As
Edna Gundersen stated in USA Today: "Dylan's musical DNA has informed
nearly every simple twist of pop since 1962."[501] Punk
musician
Joe Strummer
Joe Strummer praised Dylan for having "laid down the template
for lyric, tune, seriousness, spirituality, depth of rock
music."[502] Other major musicians who acknowledged Dylan's
importance include Johnny Cash,[503] Jerry
Garcia,[504] John Lennon,[505] Paul
McCartney,[506] Pete Townshend,[507] Neil
Young,[508] Bruce Springsteen,[105] David
Bowie,[509] Bryan Ferry,[510] Nick
Cave,[511][512] Patti Smith,[513] Syd
Barrett,[514] Joni Mitchell,[515] Tom
Waits[516] and Leonard Cohen.[517] Dylan significantly
contributed to the initial success of both the Byrds and the Band: the
Byrds achieved chart success with their version of "Mr. Tambourine
Man" and the subsequent album, while the Band were Dylan's backing
band on his 1966 tour, recorded
The Basement Tapes
The Basement Tapes with him in
1967,[518] and featured three previously unreleased Dylan
songs on their debut album.[519]
Some critics have dissented from the view of Dylan as a visionary
figure in popular music. In his book Awopbopaloobop Alopbamboom, Nik
Cohn objected: "I can't take the vision of Dylan as seer, as teenage
messiah, as everything else he's been worshipped as. The way I see
him, he's a minor talent with a major gift for
self-hype."[520] Australian critic
Jack Marx credited Dylan
with changing the persona of the rock star: "What cannot be disputed
is that Dylan invented the arrogant, faux-cerebral posturing that has
been the dominant style in rock since, with everyone from Mick Jagger
to
Eminem
.jpg/490px-Eminem_live_at_D.C._2014_(cropped).jpg)
Eminem educating themselves from the Dylan handbook."[521]
Fellow musicians have also presented dissenting views. Joni Mitchell
described Dylan as a "plagiarist" and his voice as "fake" in a 2010
interview in the Los Angeles Times, despite the fact that Mitchell had
toured with Dylan in the past, and both artists have covered each
others songs.[522][523] Mitchell's comment led to
discussions of Dylan's use of other people's material, both supporting
and criticizing him.[524] Talking to
Mikal Gilmore in Rolling
Stone in 2012, Dylan responded to the allegation of plagiarism,
including his use of Henry Timrod's verse in his album Modern
Times,[273] by saying that it was "part of the
tradition".[525][a 5]
If Dylan's work in the 1960s was seen as bringing intellectual
ambition to popular music,[491] critics in the 21st century
described him as a figure who had greatly expanded the folk culture
from which he initially emerged. Following the release of Todd Haynes'
Dylan biopic I'm Not There,
J. Hoberman wrote in his 2007 Village
Voice review:
Elvis might never have been born, but someone else would surely have
brought the world rock 'n' roll. No such logic accounts for Bob Dylan.
No iron law of history demanded that a would-be Elvis from Hibbing,
Minnesota, would swerve through the
Greenwich Village
Greenwich Village folk revival to
become the world's first and greatest rock 'n' roll beatnik bard and
then—having achieved fame and adoration beyond reckoning—vanish
into a folk tradition of his own making.[526]
When Dylan was awarded the
Nobel Prize
Nobel Prize in Literature, The New York
Times commented: "In choosing a popular musician for the literary
world's highest honor, the Swedish Academy, which awards the prize,
dramatically redefined the boundaries of literature, setting off a
debate about whether song lyrics have the same artistic value as
poetry or novels."[363] Responses varied from the sarcasm of
Irvine Welsh, who described it as "an ill conceived nostalgia award
wrenched from the rancid prostates of senile, gibbering
hippies",[527] to the enthusiasm of
Salman Rushdie
Salman Rushdie who
tweeted: "From
Orpheus
_-_Foto_G._Dall'Orto.jpg/440px-DSC00355_-_Orfeo_(epoca_romana)_-_Foto_G._Dall'Orto.jpg)
Orpheus to Faiz, song & poetry have been closely
linked. Dylan is the brilliant inheritor of the bardic tradition.
Great choice."[528]
Archives and tributes[edit]
Dylan's archive, comprising notebooks, song drafts, business
contracts, recordings and movie out-takes, is held at the Gilcrease
Museum's Helmerich Center for American Research in Tulsa, Oklahoma,
which is also the home of the papers of Woody
Guthrie.[358][529] In 2017, the
George Kaiser Family
Foundation announced a design competition for a major
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan Center
in Tulsa's Arts District.[530][531] In 2018, the
foundation announced that it had selected
Olson Kundig Architects to
design the building.[532] The center is expected to open in
2021, and be located next to the facility dedicated to
Guthrie.[533]
In 2005, 7th Avenue East in Hibbing, Minnesota, the street on which
Dylan lived from ages 6 to 18, received the honorary name Bob Dylan
Drive.[534][535][536] In the town Hibbing, a
walk of fame-styled "star" is embedded in a sidewalk with the words
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan as well as a cursive-Z for Dylan's nickname Zimmy in
youth.[537] In 2006 a cultural pathway,
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan Way, was
inaugurated in Duluth, Minnesota, the city where Dylan was born. The
1.8 mile path links "cultural and historically significant areas of
downtown for the tourists".[538][539]
In 2015, a massive
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan mural was unveiled in downtown
Minneapolis, the city where Dylan attended university for a year. The
mural was designed by Brazilian street artist Eduardo
Kobra.[540]
See also[edit]
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan – book
Notes[edit]
^ According to Dylan biographer Robert Shelton, the singer first
confided his change of name to his high school girlfriend, Echo
Helstrom, in 1958, telling her that he had found a "great name, Bob
Dillon". Shelton surmises that Dillon had two sources: Marshal Matt
Dillon was the hero of the TV western Gunsmoke; Dillon was also the
name of one of Hibbing's principal families. While Shelton was writing
Dylan's biography in the 1960s, Dylan told him, "Straighten out in
your book that I did not take my name from Dylan Thomas. Dylan
Thomas's poetry is for people that aren't really satisfied in their
bed, for people who dig masculine romance." At the University of
Minnesota, the singer told a few friends that Dillon was his mother's
maiden name, which was untrue. He later told reporters that he had an
uncle named Dillon. Shelton added that only when he reached New York
in 1961 did the singer begin to spell his name "Dylan", by which time
he was acquainted with the life and work of Dylan Thomas. Shelton
(2011), pp. 44–45.
^ In a May 1963 interview with Studs Terkel, Dylan broadened the
meaning of the song, saying "the pellets of poison flooding the
waters" refers to "the lies people are told on their radios and in
their newspapers". Cott (2006), p. 8.
^ The title "Spokesman of a Generation" was viewed by Dylan with
disgust in later years. He came to feel it was a label the media had
pinned on him, and in his autobiography, Chronicles, Dylan wrote: "The
press never let up. Once in a while I would have to rise up and offer
myself for an interview so they wouldn't beat the door down. Later an
article would hit the streets with the headline "Spokesman Denies That
He's A Spokesman". I felt like a piece of meat that someone had thrown
to the dogs." Dylan (2004), p.119
^ According to Shelton, Dylan named the tour Rolling Thunder and then
"appeared pleased when someone told him to native Americans, rolling
thunder means speaking the truth." A
Cherokee
Cherokee medicine man named
Rolling Thunder appeared on stage at Providence, RI, "stroking a
feather in time to the music". Shelton (2011), p. 310.
^ Dylan told Gilmore: "As far as
Henry Timrod
Henry Timrod is concerned, have you
even heard of him? Who's been reading him lately? And who's pushed him
to the forefront?... And if you think it's so easy to quote him and it
can help your work, do it yourself and see how far you can get.
Wussies and pussies complain about that stuff. It's an old
thing—it's part of the tradition."
References[edit]
Footnotes[edit]
^ Ktorza, Ari (November 2018). Ben Zvi, Shlomo (ed.). "Gefilte Jazz".
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^ Bob Dylan. The
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum
^ a b c "The
Nobel Prize in Literature
Nobel Prize in Literature 2016" (PDF). Nobelprize.org.
October 13, 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 20,
2017. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
^ Sounes, p. 14, gives his Hebrew name as Shabtai Zisel ben Avraham
^ A
Chabad
Chabad news service gives the variant Zushe ben Avraham, which may
be a
Yiddish
Yiddish variant "Singer/Songwriter
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan Joins Yom Kippur
Services in Atlanta". Chabad.org News. September 24, 2007. Retrieved
September 11, 2008.
^ Preskovsky, Ilan (March 12, 2016). "Bob Dylan's Jewish Odyssey".
Aish.com. Retrieved May 20, 2018.
^ Sounes, p. 14
^ "Robert Allen Zimmerman". Minnesota Birth Index, 1935–2002.
Ancestry.com. Retrieved September 6, 2011. Name: Robert Allen
Zimmerman; Birth Date: May 24, 1941; Birth County: Saint Louis;
Father: Abram H. Zimmerman; Mother: Beatrice Stone(subscription
required)
^ a b Sounes, pp. 12–13.
^ a b "Down the Highway – The Life of Bob Dylan". The New York
Times. Retrieved May 20, 2018.
^ Dylan, pp. 92–93.
^ Gluck, Robert (May 21, 2012). "Bob Dylan: 'Prophet' and Medal of
Freedom recipient". Jewish Journal. Retrieved May 20, 2018.
^ Kamin, Debra (April 13, 2016). "Bob Dylan's life and work examined
in new exhibit". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Retrieved May 20, 2018.
^ a b Green, David B. (May 21, 2015). "This Day in Jewish History –
1954: Shabtai Zissel Is Bar Mitzvahed, and Turns Out to Be Bob Dylan".
Haaretz. Retrieved June 5, 2018.
^ Shelton, pp. 38–40.
^ "Hibbing". hibbing.yolasite.com.
^ a b Gray, Michael (May 22, 2011). "One of a kind:
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan at 70".
Japan Times. Retrieved December 30, 2011.
^ Heylin (1996), pp. 4–5.
^ Sounes, pp. 29–37.
^ LIFE Books, "Bob Dylan, Forever Young, 50 Years of Song", Time Home
Entertainment, Vol. 2, No 2, February 10, 2012, p. 15.
^ An interview with Vee suggests Zimmerman may have been eccentric in
spelling his early pseudonym: "[Dylan] was in the Fargo/Moorhead
area ... Bill [Velline] was in a record shop in Fargo, Sam's
Record Land, and this guy came up to him and introduced himself as
Elston Gunnn—with three n's, G-U-N-N-N."
Bobby Vee
.jpg/440px-Bobby_Vee_(1962).jpg)
Bobby Vee Interview, July
1999, Goldmine Reproduced online: "Early alias for Robert Zimmerman".
Expecting Rain. August 11, 1999. Retrieved September 11, 2008.
^ Sounes, pp. 41–42.
^ Heylin (2000), pp. 26–27.
^ "
University of Minnesota
University of Minnesota Scholars Walk: Nobel Prize". University of
Minnesota. Retrieved December 15, 2016.
^ a b c d e f Biograph, 1985, Liner notes & text by Cameron Crowe.
^ Shelton, pp. 65–82.
^ a b This is related in the documentary film No Direction Home,
directed by Martin Scorsese. broadcast September 26, 2005,
PBS
PBS &
BBC Two.
^ Heylin (1996), p. 7.
^ Dylan, pp. 78–79.
^ a b Leung, Rebecca (June 12, 2005). " "Dylan Looks Back".
CBS
CBS News.
Retrieved February 25, 2009.
^ Sounes, p. 72
^ Dylan, p. 98.
^ Dylan, pp. 244–246.
^ Dylan, pp. 250–252.
^ Shelton (2011), pp. 74–78.
^ Heylin, 1996, Bob Dylan: A Life In Stolen Moments, p. 35.
^ Shelton, Robert (July 29, 1961). "Folk Music Heard on 12-Hour Show".
The New York Times. Retrieved April 3, 2017.
^ Shelton, Robert (September 21, 1961). The New York Times, "Bob
Dylan: A Distinctive Stylist" reproduced online: Shelton, Robert
(September 21, 1961). "Bob Dylan: A Distinctive Stylist". Bob Dylan
Roots. Archived from the original on April 21, 2008. Retrieved
September 11, 2008.
^ Unterberger, Richie (October 8, 2003). "
Carolyn Hester biography".
AllMusic. Retrieved December 8, 2016.
^ Shelton (2011), No Direction Home, p. 87
^ Greene, Andy (March 19, 2012). "50 years ago today: Bob Dylan
released his debut album". CNN. Retrieved March 4, 2017.
^ a b Scaduto, p. 110.
^ Gilliland 1969, show 31, track 3, 5:12.
^ A photo of Dylan with Spivey at this session was on the cover of his
1970 album, New Morning. See Gray (2006), pp. 630–631.
^ a b c Unterberger, Richie. "Blind Boy Grunt". AllMusic. Retrieved
February 12, 2011.
^ Shelton, pp. 157–158.
^ Sounes, p. 121.
^ Heylin (2011), p. 97.
^ Sounes, p. 116.
^ Sounes, pp. 94–95, 115. An interview with Silver on DVD,
filmed for the documentary
No Direction Home
No Direction Home but not used, was
included with the album Together Through Life.
^ Gray (2006), pp. 283–284.
^ Heylin (2000), pp. 115–116.
^ Shelton (1986), p. 154.
^ a b Heylin (1996), pp. 35–39.
^ a b c d Llewellyn-Smith, Caspar (September 18, 2005). "Flash-back".
The Observer. London. Retrieved June 17, 2012.
^ Shelton, pp. 138–142.
^ Shelton, p. 156.
^ The booklet by
John Bauldie accompanying Dylan's The Bootleg Series
Volumes 1–3 (Rare & Unreleased) 1961–1991 (1991) says: "Dylan
acknowledged the debt in 1978 to journalist Marc Rowland: Blowin' In
The Wind' has always been a spiritual. I took it off a song called 'No
More Auction Block'—that's a spiritual and 'Blowin' In The Wind
follows the same feeling.'" pp. 6–8.
^ Eder, Bruce. "
Peter, Paul and Mary
Peter, Paul and Mary biography". Billboard. Retrieved
June 5, 2015.
^ Heylin (2000), pp. 101–103.
^ Ricks, pp. 329–344.
^ "New &..." The Washington Post. December 23, 1980. Retrieved
June 20, 2019.
^ Maslin, Janet in Miller, Jim (ed.) (1981), The
Rolling Stone
Rolling Stone History
of Rock & Roll, 1981, p. 220
^ Scaduto, p. 35.
^ Mojo magazine, December 1993. p. 97
^ Hedin, p. 259.
^ Sounes, pp. 136–138.
^
Joan Baez
Joan Baez entry, Gray (2006), pp. 28–31.
^ Prague36 (December 26, 2014). "
Joan Baez
Joan Baez Discusses
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan / 2009"
– via YouTube.
^ Prague36 (December 26, 2014). "
Joan Baez
Joan Baez Discusses
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan / 2009"
– via YouTube.
^ Meacham, Steve (August 15, 2007). "It ain't me babe but I like how
it sounds". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved September 24, 2008.
^ Biograph, 1985, Liner notes & text by Cameron Crowe. Musicians
on "Mixed Up Confusion": George Barnes & Bruce Langhorne
(guitars);
Dick Wellstood (piano);
Gene Ramey (bass); Herb Lovelle
(drums)
^ Dylan had recorded "Talkin'
John Birch Society
John Birch Society Blues" for his
Freewheelin album, but the song was replaced by later compositions,
including "Masters of War". See Heylin (2000), pp. 114–115.
^ Dylan performed "Only a Pawn in Their Game" and "When the Ship Comes
In"; see Heylin (1996), p. 49.
^ Gill, pp. 37–41.
^ Ricks, pp. 221–233.
^ Williams, p. 56.
^ Shelton, pp. 200–205.
^ Part of Dylan's speech went: "There's no black and white, left and
right to me any more; there's only up and down and down is very close
to the ground. And I'm trying to go up without thinking of anything
trivial such as politics."; see, Shelton, pp. 200–205.
^ Heylin (1996), p. 60.
^ Shelton, p. 222.
^ In an interview with Seth Goddard for Life (July 5, 2001) Ginsberg
said Dylan's technique had been inspired by Jack Kerouac: "(Dylan)
pulled Mexico City
Blues
Blues from my hand and started reading it and I
said, 'What do you know about that?' He said, 'Somebody handed it to
me in '59 in St. Paul and it blew my mind.' So I said 'Why?' He said,
'It was the first poetry that spoke to me in my own language.' So
those chains of flashing images you get in Dylan, like 'the motorcycle
black Madonna two-wheeled gypsy queen and her silver studded phantom
lover,' they're influenced by Kerouac's chains of flashing images and
spontaneous writing, and that spreads out into the people." Reproduced
online: "Online Interviews With Allen Ginsberg". University of
Illinois at Urbana Champaign. October 8, 2004. Retrieved September 11,
2008.
^ Shelton, pp. 219–222.
^ Shelton, pp. 267–271; pp. 288–291.
^ Heylin (2000), pp. 178–181.
^ Heylin (2000), pp. 181–182.
^ Michael Hall (January 6, 2014). "The Greatest Music Producer You've
Never Heard of Is..." Texas Monthly. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
^ Heylin (2009), pp. 220–222.
^ Marqusee, p. 144.
^ Gill, pp. 68–69.
^ Lee, p. 18.
^ a b Sounes, pp. 168–169.
^ Warwick, N.; Brown, T.; Kutner, J. (2004). The Complete
Book
Book of the
British Charts (Third ed.). Omnibus Press. p. 6.
ISBN 978-1-84449-058-5.
^ Whitburn, J. (2008). Top Pop Singles 1955–2006. Record Research
Inc. p. 130. ISBN 978-0-89820-172-7.
^ Shelton, pp. 276–277.
^ Heylin (2000), pp. 208–216.
^ "Exclusive: Dylan at Newport—Who Booed?". Mojo. October 25, 2007.
Archived from the original on April 12, 2009. Retrieved September 7,
2008.
^ "
Al Kooper
Al Kooper talks Dylan, Conan, Hendrix, and lifetime in the music
business". City Pages. Village Voice Media. April 28, 2010. p. 3.
Archived from the original on April 29, 2010. Retrieved May 1, 2010.
^ Jackson, Bruce (August 26, 2002). "The myth of Newport '65: It
wasn't
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan they were booing". Buffalo Report. Archived from the
original on February 23, 2008. Retrieved May 8, 2010.
^ Shelton, pp. 305–314.
^ A year earlier, Irwin Silber, editor of Sing Out!, had published an
"Open Letter to Bob Dylan", criticizing Dylan's stepping away from
political songwriting: "I saw at Newport how you had somehow lost
contact with people. Some of the paraphernalia of fame were getting in
your way." Sing Out!, November 1964, quoted in Shelton, p. 313. This
letter has been mistakenly described as a response to Dylan's 1965
Newport appearance.
^ Sing Out!, September 1965, quoted in Shelton, p. 313.
^ "You got a lotta nerve/To say you are my friend/When I was down/You
just stood there grinning" Reproduced online:Dylan, Bob. "Positively
4th Street". bobdylan.com. Retrieved April 21, 2015.
^ Sounes, p. 186.
^ a b c "The
Rolling Stone
Rolling Stone 500 Greatest Songs of All Time". Rock List
Music. Retrieved May 2, 2010.
^ Springsteen's Speech during Dylan's induction into the Rock and Roll
Hall of Fame, January 20, 1988 Quoted in Bauldie, p. 191.
^ "500 Greatest Songs Of All Time". Rolling Stone. May 31, 2011.
Retrieved June 1, 2011.
^ Gill, pp. 87–88.
^ Polizzotti identifies
Charlie McCoy
Charlie McCoy on guitar and
Russ Savakus on
bass as the musicians, see Polizzotti, Highway 61 Revisited, p. 133
^ Gill, p. 89.
^ Heylin (1996), pp. 80–81
^ Sounes, pp. 189–90.
^ Heylin (1996), pp. 82–94
^ Heylin (2000), pp. 238–243.
^ "The closest I ever got to the sound I hear in my mind was on
individual bands in the
Blonde on Blonde
Blonde on Blonde album. It's that thin, that
wild mercury sound. It's metallic and bright gold, with whatever that
conjures up." Dylan Interview, Playboy, March 1978; reprinted in Cott,
Dylan on Dylan: The Essential Interviews, p. 204.
^ Gill, p. 95.
^ a b Sounes, p. 193.
^ Shelton, p. 325.
^ Heylin (2000), pp. 244–261.
^ "Live 1966". NME. UK. September 6, 1998. Retrieved May 2, 2010.
^ Dylan's dialogue with the Manchester audience is recorded (with
subtitles) in Martin Scorsese's documentary No Direction Home
^ Heylin (2011), p. 251.
^ Heylin (2011), p. 250.
^ Rolling Stone, November 29, 1969. Reprinted in Cott (ed.), Dylan on
Dylan: The Essential Interviews, p. 140.
^ Jones, Rebecca (May 23, 2011). "Dylan tapes reveal heroin
addiction". BBC Radio 4. Retrieved May 26, 2011.
^ Greene, Andy (May 23, 2011). "Questions About Bob Dylan's Claim That
He was Once a Heroin Addict". Rolling Stone. Retrieved May 26, 2011.
^ Brown, Mick (May 23, 2011). "Bob Dylan: finally an admission about
his heroin use, but is it the truth?". The Daily Telegraph. London.
Retrieved May 26, 2011.
^ Sounes, p. 215.
^ a b c Sounes, pp. 217–219.
^ a b Scherman, Tony (July 29, 2006). "The
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan Motorcycle-Crash
Mystery". American Heritage. Archived from the original on November 6,
2006. Retrieved June 18, 2014.
^ Heylin (2000), p. 268.
^ Dylan, p. 114.
^ Heylin (1996), p. 143.
^ Sounes, p. 216.
^ Lee, pp. 39–63.
^ Sounes, pp. 222–225.
^ Marcus, pp. 236–265.
^ Helm, Levon and Davis, This Wheel's on Fire, p. 164; p. 174.
^ a b c d "Columbia Studio A, Nashville, Tennessee, John Wesley
Harding sessions". Bjorner's Still On the Road. Retrieved November 10,
2008.
^ Heylin (2000), pp. 282–288.
^ Heylin (2011), p. 289.
^ Shelton, p. 463.
^ Gill, p. 140.
^ Shelton (2011), p. 273.
^ Bjorner, Olof (November 21, 2015). "5th
Nashville Skyline
Nashville Skyline session,
18 February 1969". bjorner.com. Retrieved October 31, 2016.
^ "
Johnny Cash
Johnny Cash and
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan record 'One Too Many Mornings'". YouTube.
February 18, 1969. Retrieved October 31, 2016.
^ NoRosesForMe (November 27, 2011). "
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan ~ I Threw It All Away~
Live on The
Johnny Cash
Johnny Cash Show 1969" – via YouTube.
^ Sounes, pp. 248–253.
^ Ford, Mark (May 14, 2011). "Bob Dylan: Writings 1968–2010 by Greil
Marcus". The Guardian. London. Retrieved August 20, 2011.
^ Male, Andrew (November 26, 2007). "Bob Dylan—Disc of the Day: Self
Portrait". Mojo. Archived from the original on January 13, 2009.
Retrieved September 24, 2008.
^ Christgau, Robert. "Self Portrait". robertchristgau.com. Retrieved
May 2, 2010.
^ Shelton, p. 482.
^ Heylin, 2009, Revolution In The Air, The Songs of Bob Dylan: Volume
One, pp. 414–415.
^ Heylin (2009), pp. 391–392.
^ Heylin (2000), pp. 328–331.
^ Heylin (1996), p. 128.
^ Gray (2006), pp. 342–343.
^ Gray (2006), p. 267.
^ C. P. Lee wrote: "In Garrett's ghost-written memoir, The Authentic
Life of Billy, the Kid, published within a year of Billy's death, he
wrote that 'Billy's partner doubtless had a name which was his legal
property, but he was so given to changing it that it is impossible to
fix on the right one. Billy always called him Alias.'" Lee, pp.
66–67.
^ Björner, Olof. "Dylan covers sorted by song name: k". bjorner.com.
Retrieved June 11, 2012.
^ Artists to have covered the song include Bryan Ferry, Wyclef Jean
and Guns N' Roses. "Dylan's Legacy Keeps Growing, Cover By Cover". NPR
Music. June 26, 2007. Retrieved October 1, 2008.
^ "Letters of Note" Archived October 31, 2016, at the Wayback Machine,
November 18, 2010
^ Sounes, pp. 273–274.
^ Heylin (2000), p. 354.
^ Heylin (2000), p. 358.
^ a b Shelton, p. 378.
^ Heylin (2000), pp. 368–383.
^ Heylin (2000), pp. 369–387.
^ a b Heylin (2000), p. 383.
^ "Bob Dylan". Salon. May 5, 2001. Retrieved September 7, 2008.
^ Hedin, p. 109.
^ "Log of every performance of "Hurricane"". Bjorner's Still on the
Road. August 20, 2006. Retrieved July 7, 2013.
^ Kokay, Les via
Olof Björner (2000). "Songs of the Underground: a
collector's guide to the
Rolling Thunder Revue
Rolling Thunder Revue 1975–1976". Retrieved
February 18, 2007.
^ Sloman, Larry (2002). On The Road with Bob Dylan. Three Rivers
Press. ISBN 978-1-4000-4596-9.
^ Gray (2006), p. 579.
^ Shepard, pp. 2–49.
^ Heylin (2000), pp. 386–401,
^ Gray (2006), p. 408.
^ Erlewine, Stephen (December 12, 2002). "
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan Live 1975—The
Rolling Thunder Revue". AllMusic. Retrieved September 25, 2008.
^ a b c Willman, Chris (April 25, 2019). "Martin Scorsese's Rolling
Thunder
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan Doc Hits
Netflix
Netflix June 12 (Exclusive)". Variety.
Retrieved May 24, 2019 – via news.yahoo.com.
^ Maslin, Janet (January 26, 1978). "Renaldo and Clara, Film by Bob
Dylan: Rolling Thunder". The New York Times. Retrieved May 24, 2019.
^ Sounes, p. 313.
^ Lee, pp. 115–116.
^ "Reviews of The Last Waltz". Metacritic. October 8, 2007. Retrieved
July 11, 2018.
^ Bream, Jon (May 22, 1991). "50 fascinating facts for Bob Dylan's
50th birthday". Star Tribune. Retrieved September 28, 2008.
^ a b Sounes, pp. 314–316.
^ Christgau, Robert. "Robert Christgau: Bob Dylan".
Robertchristgau.com. Retrieved August 4, 2010.
^ Maslin, Janet (July 12, 1979). "
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upon the sacred cow', it's safe to assume that the sacred cow here is
the biblical metaphor for all false gods. For Dylan, the world will
eventually know that there is only one God." Marshall, Restless
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Pointing with inconstant motion/ From the altar of dark ocean/ To the
sapphire-tinted skies", ll.67–71 from Lines Written Among the
Euganean Hills by Percy Bysshe Shelley, October 1818.
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Petrov, taken from an actor in the silent movie era; Larry Charles
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the music, its wash of half-heard, half-formed words and the
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nasty record, certainly the nastiest 'Christian' album I've ever come
across." Mojo, January 1997
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Bob Dylan or
The Who
The Who wasn't marketing, to get rich, or
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Irvine Welsh slams
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Bob Dylan Archive Opens in
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The 30th Anniversary Concert Celebration
MTV Unplugged
Live 1961–2000: Thirty-Nine Years of Great Concert Performances
Live at The Gaslight 1962
Live at
Carnegie Hall
Carnegie Hall 1963
In Concert –
Brandeis University
Brandeis University 1963
The 1966 Live Recordings
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan – The Rolling Thunder Revue: The 1975 Live Recordings
Compilations
Bob Dylan's Greatest Hits
Bob Dylan's Greatest Hits
Bob Dylan's Greatest Hits Vol. II
Dylan
The Basement Tapes
Masterpieces
Biograph
Bob Dylan's Greatest Hits
Bob Dylan's Greatest Hits Volume 3
The Best of
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan (1997)
The Best of Bob Dylan, Vol. 2
The Essential Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan: The Collection
The Best of
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan (2005)
Blues
Dylan
The Original Mono Recordings
The 50th Anniversary Collection
Bob Dylan: The Complete Album Collection Vol. One
The 50th Anniversary Collection
The 50th Anniversary Collection 1963
The 50th Anniversary Collection
The 50th Anniversary Collection 1964
The Bootleg Series
The Bootleg Series Volumes 1–3 (Rare & Unreleased) 1961–1991
Volume 4: The
Royal Albert Hall
Royal Albert Hall concert
Vol. 5:
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan Live 1975, The Rolling Thunder Revue
Vol. 6:
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan Live 1964, Concert at Philharmonic Hall
Vol. 7: No Direction Home: The Soundtrack
Vol. 8: Tell Tale Signs: Rare and Unreleased 1989–2006
Vol. 9: The Witmark Demos: 1962–1964
Vol. 10: Another Self Portrait (1969–1971)
Vol. 11:
The Basement Tapes
The Basement Tapes Complete
Vol. 12: The Cutting Edge 1965–1966
Vol. 13: Trouble No More 1979–1981
Vol. 14: More Blood, More Tracks
Bootlegs
Great White Wonder
List of Basement Tapes songs (1967,1975)
Concert tours
England Tour (1965)
World Tour (1966)
Tour with
The Band
The Band (1974)
Rolling Thunder Revue
Rolling Thunder Revue (1975–1976)
World Tour (1978)
Gospel Tour (1979–1980)
World Tour (1981)
European Tour (1984)
True Confessions Tour (1986)
Tour with the
Grateful Dead
Grateful Dead (1987)
Temples in Flames Tour (1987)
Never Ending Tour
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
Films
Dont Look Back
Eat the Document
Renaldo and Clara
Hard to Handle
The 30th Anniversary Concert Celebration
Masked and Anonymous
No Direction Home
I'm Not There
65 Revisited
The Other Side of the Mirror:
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan Live at the Newport Folk
Festival 1963–1965
Trouble No More - A Musical Film
Writings
Tarantula
Writings and Drawings
Chronicles: Volume One
Books about Dylan
The
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan Encyclopedia
Bob Dylan, Performing Artist
Invisible Republic
The Cambridge Companion to Bob Dylan
Related
Recording Sessions
The Band
Traveling Wilburys
Electric Dylan controversy
Artists who have covered Dylan songs
Joan Baez
Suze Rotolo
The Telegraph magazine
Festival
The Concert for Bangladesh
Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid
Hearts of Fire
Theme Time Radio Hour
Gotta Serve Somebody: The Gospel Songs of Bob Dylan
Chimes of Freedom (album)
The Lost Notebooks of Hank Williams
Lost on the River: The New Basement Tapes
Family
Sara Dylan (first wife)
Carolyn Dennis (second wife)
Jesse Dylan
Jesse Dylan (son)
Jakob Dylan
Jakob Dylan (son)
Book
Category
vte
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan singles discography1962
"Mixed-Up Confusion" / "Corrina, Corrina"
1963
"Blowin' in the Wind" / "Don't Think Twice, It's All Right"
1965
"The Times They Are a-Changin'" / "Honey, Just Allow Me One More
Chance"
"Maggie's Farm" / "On the Road Again"
"Subterranean Homesick Blues" / "She Belongs to Me"
"Like a Rolling Stone" / "Gates of Eden
"Positively 4th Street" / "From a Buick 6"
"Can You Please Crawl Out Your Window?" / "Highway 61 Revisited"
1966
"One of Us Must Know (Sooner or Later)" / "Queen Jane Approximately"
"Rainy Day Women ♯12 & 35" / "Pledging My Time"
"I Want You" / "Just Like Tom Thumb's Blues" (live with The Hawks)
"Just Like a Woman" / "Obviously 5 Believers"
1967
"Leopard-Skin Pill-Box Hat" / "Most Likely You Go Your Way And I'll Go
Mine"
"If You Gotta Go, Go Now" / "To Ramona" (only in Europe)
1968
"Drifter's Escape" / "John Wesley Harding"
"All Along the Watchtower" / "I'll Be Your Baby Tonight"
1969
"I Threw It All Away" / "Drifter's Escape"
"Lay Lady Lay" / "Peggy Day"
"Tonight I'll Be Staying Here with You" / "Country Pie"
1970
"If Not for You" / "New Morning"
"Wigwam" / "Copper Kettle"
1971
"Watching the
River
River Flow" / "Spanish is the Loving Tongue"
"George Jackson" (band version) / "George Jackson" (acoustic version)
1973
"Knockin' on Heaven's Door" / "Turkey Chase" (instrumental from Pat
Garrett and Billy the Kid)
"A Fool Such as I" / "Lily of the West"
1974
"On a Night Like This" / "You Angel You"
"Something There Is About You" / "Tough Mama"
"Most Likely You Go Your Way (And I'll Go Mine)" (live with The Band)
"All Along the Watchtower" / "It Ain't Me Babe"
1975
"Tangled Up in Blue" / "If You See Her, Say Hello"
"Million Dollar Bash" / "Tears of Rage"
"Hurricane" (Part 1) / "Hurricane" (Part 2)
1976
"Mozambique" / "Oh Sister"
"Stuck Inside of Mobile With the Memphis
Blues
Blues Again" (live) / "Rita
May"
1978
"Baby, Stop Crying" / "We Better
Talk
Talk This Over"
"Changing of the Guards" / "Señor (Tales of Yankee Power)"
"Is Your Love In Vain?" / "We Better
Talk
Talk This Over"
1979
"
Maggie's Farm
Maggie's Farm (live) / "All Along the Watchtower"
"Forever Young" (live) / "All Along the Watchtower" / "I Want You"
"Man Gave Names to All the Animals" / "When You Gonna Wake Up?"
"Gotta Serve Somebody" / "Trouble in Mind"
"Precious Angel" / "Trouble in Mind"
1980
"Slow Train" / "Do Right to Me Baby"
"Solid Rock" / "Covenant Woman"
"Saved" / "Are You Ready?"
1981
"Heart of Mine" / "Let It Be Me"
"Dead Man, Dead Man" / "Lenny Bruce"
1983
"Union Sundown" / "Angel Flying too Close to the Ground"
"I and I" / "Angel Flying too Close to the Ground"
"Sweetheart Like You" / "Union Sundown"
1984
"Jokerman" / "Isis"
1985
"Tight Connection to My Heart (Has Anybody Seen My Love)" / "We Better
Talk
Talk this Over"
"When the Night Comes Falling from the Sky" / "Emotionally Yours"
1986
"Band of the Hand" / "Joe's Death" (Michael Rubini)
"Got My Mind Made Up" / "The Usual"
1988
"Silvio" / "Driftin' too Far from the Shore"
1989
"Everything Is Broken" / "Death is Not the End"
"Slow Train" (live with The Grateful Dead)
1990
"Political World" / "Ring Them Bells" (only in the UK and Australia)
"Most of the Time" / "
Most of the Time
Most of the Time (edit piece)
"Unbelievable" / "10,000 Men"
1991
"Series of Dreams" / "Seven Curses"
"Blind Willie McTell" / "It Takes a Lot to Laugh, It Takes a Train to
Cry" (from The Bootleg Series Volumes 1-3)
"Step it Up and Go" — (no b-side)
1993
"My Back Pages" (with Roger McGuinn, Tom Petty, Neil Young, Eric
Clapton, George Harrison) — (no b-side)
1995
"Dignity" (live on MTV Unplugged) / "A Hard Rain's a-Gonna Fall" (live
version)
"Knockin' on Heaven's Door" / "John Brown" (both live on MTV
Unplugged)
1998
"Not Dark Yet" / "Tombstone Blues" (live) / "Ballad of a Thin Man"
(live) / "Boots of Spanish Leather" (live)
"Love Sick" / "Tombstone Blues" (live)
2000
"Things Have Changed" / "Make You Feel My Love" (live) / "Hurricane" /
"Song to Woody" (live)
2006
"Someday Baby" / "Someday Baby" (edit piece)
"Rollin' and Tumblin'" / "Not Dark Yet" / "High Water (for Charley
Patton)"
2007
"Most Likely You Go Your Way (And I'll Go Mine)" (
Mark Ronson
.jpg)
Mark Ronson remix
version) / "Most Likely You Go Your Way (And I'll Go Mine)" (album
version)
2008
"Dreamin' of You" (edit piece) / "Dreamin' of You" (album version)
2009
"Beyond Here Lies Nothin'" / "Down Along the Cove" (live)
"I Feel a Change Comin' On" / "I Feel a Change Comin' On" (edit piece)
"Must Be Santa" / "'Twas the Night Before Christmas"
2010
"The Times They Are a-Changin'" (demo version) / "Like a Rolling
Stone"
2012
"Duquesne Whistle"
2013
"Wigwam" (demo version) / "Thirsty Boots"
Awards for Bob Dylan
vte
Academy Award
Academy Award for Best Original Song1934–1940
"The Continental"
Music: Con Conrad
Lyrics:
Herb Magidson (1934)
"Lullaby of Broadway"
Music: Harry Warren
Lyrics:
Al Dubin (1935)
"The Way You Look Tonight"
Music: Jerome Kern
Lyrics:
Dorothy Fields
Dorothy Fields (1936)
"Sweet Leilani"
Music and lyrics:
Harry Owens
Harry Owens (1937)
"Thanks for the Memory"
Music: Ralph Rainger
Lyrics:
Leo Robin (1938)
"Over the Rainbow"
Music: Harold Arlen
Lyrics: E. Y. Harburg (1939)
"When You Wish Upon a Star"
Music: Leigh Harline
Lyrics:
Ned Washington (1940)
1941–1950
"The Last Time I Saw Paris"
Music: Jerome Kern
Lyrics:
Oscar Hammerstein II
Oscar Hammerstein II (1941)
"White Christmas"
Music and lyrics:
Irving Berlin
Irving Berlin (1942)
"You'll Never Know"
Music: Harry Warren
Lyrics:
Mack Gordon
Mack Gordon (1943)
"Swinging on a Star"
Music: Jimmy Van Heusen
Lyrics: Johnny Burke (1944)
"It Might as Well Be Spring"
Music: Richard Rodgers
Lyrics:
Oscar Hammerstein II
Oscar Hammerstein II (1945)
"On the Atchison, Topeka and the Santa Fe"
Music: Harry Warren
Lyrics:
Johnny Mercer
.jpg/440px-Johnny_Mercer,_New_York,_N.Y.,_between_1946_and_1948_(William_P._Gottlieb_06121).jpg)
Johnny Mercer (1946)
"Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah"
Music: Allie Wrubel
Lyrics:
Ray Gilbert (1947)
"Buttons and Bows"
Music: Jay Livingston
Lyrics:
Ray Evans (1948)
"Baby, It's Cold Outside"
Music and lyrics:
Frank Loesser
Frank Loesser (1949)
"Mona Lisa"
Music and lyrics:
Ray Evans and
Jay Livingston
Jay Livingston (1950)
1951–1960
"In the Cool, Cool, Cool of the Evening"
Music: Hoagy Carmichael
Lyrics:
Johnny Mercer
Johnny Mercer (1951)
"High Noon (Do Not Forsake Me, Oh My Darlin')"
Music: Dimitri Tiomkin
Lyrics:
Ned Washington (1952)
"Secret Love"
Music: Sammy Fain
Lyrics:
Paul Francis Webster (1953)
"Three Coins in the Fountain"
Music: Jule Styne
Lyrics:
Sammy Cahn
Sammy Cahn (1954)
"Love Is a Many Splendored Thing"
Music: Sammy Fain
Lyrics:
Paul Francis Webster (1955)
"Que Sera, Sera (Whatever Will Be, Will Be)"
Music and lyrics:
Jay Livingston
Jay Livingston and
Ray Evans (1956)
"All the Way"
Music: Jimmy Van Heusen
Lyrics:
Sammy Cahn
Sammy Cahn (1957)
"Gigi"
Music: Frederick Loewe
Lyrics:
Alan Jay Lerner
Alan Jay Lerner (1958)
"High Hopes"
Music: Jimmy Van Heusen
Lyrics:
Sammy Cahn
Sammy Cahn (1959)
"Never on Sunday"
Music and lyrics:
Manos Hatzidakis
Manos Hatzidakis (1960)
1961–1970
"Moon River"
Music: Henry Mancini
Lyrics:
Johnny Mercer
Johnny Mercer (1961)
"Days of Wine and Roses"
Music: Henry Mancini
Lyrics:
Johnny Mercer
Johnny Mercer (1962)
"Call Me Irresponsible"
Music: Jimmy Van Heusen
Lyrics:
Sammy Cahn
Sammy Cahn (1963)
"Chim Chim Cher-ee"
Music and lyrics:
Richard M. Sherman
Richard M. Sherman and
Robert B. Sherman
Robert B. Sherman (1964)
"The Shadow of Your Smile"
Music: Johnny Mandel
Lyrics:
Paul Francis Webster (1965)
"Born Free"
Music: John Barry
Lyrics: Don Black (1966)
"
Talk
Talk to the Animals"
Music and lyrics:
Leslie Bricusse (1967)
"The Windmills of Your Mind"
Music: Michel Legrand
Lyrics:
Alan and Marilyn Bergman (1968)
"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head"
Music: Burt Bacharach
Lyrics:
Hal David
Hal David (1969)
"For All We Know"
Music: Fred Karlin
Lyrics:
Robb Royer
Robb Royer and
Jimmy Griffin (1970)
1971–1980
"Theme from Shaft"
Music and lyrics:
Isaac Hayes
Isaac Hayes (1971)
"The Morning After"
Music and lyrics:
Al Kasha and
Joel Hirschhorn (1972)
"The Way We Were"
Music: Marvin Hamlisch
Lyrics:
Alan and Marilyn Bergman (1973)
"We May Never Love Like This Again"
Music and lyrics:
Al Kasha and
Joel Hirschhorn (1974)
"I'm Easy"
Music and lyrics:
Keith Carradine
Keith Carradine (1975)
"Evergreen (Love Theme from A Star Is Born)"
Music: Barbra Streisand
Lyrics: Paul Williams (1976)
"You Light Up My Life"
Music and lyrics: Joseph Brooks (1977)
"Last Dance"
Music and lyrics:
Paul Jabara
Paul Jabara (1978)
"It Goes Like It Goes"
Music: David Shire
Lyrics:
Norman Gimbel (1979)
"Fame"
Music: Michael Gore
Lyrics:
Dean Pitchford (1980)
1981–1990
"Arthur's Theme (Best That You Can Do)"
Music and lyrics: Burt Bacharach, Carole Bayer Sager, Christopher
Cross and Peter Allen (1981)
"Up Where We Belong"
Music:
Jack Nitzsche
Jack Nitzsche and Buffy Sainte-Marie
Lyrics:
Will Jennings (1982)
"Flashdance... What a Feeling"
Music: Giorgio Moroder
Lyrics:
Keith Forsey and
Irene Cara (1983)
"I Just Called to Say I Love You"
Music and lyrics:
Stevie Wonder
Stevie Wonder (1984)
"Say You, Say Me"
Music and lyrics:
Lionel Richie
Lionel Richie (1985)
"Take My Breath Away"
Music: Giorgio Moroder
Lyrics:
Tom Whitlock (1986)
"(I've Had) The Time of My Life"
Music: Franke Previte,
John DeNicola and Donald Markowitz
Lyrics:
Franke Previte (1987)
"Let the
River
River Run"
Music and lyrics:
Carly Simon
Carly Simon (1988)
"Under the Sea"
Music: Alan Menken
Lyrics:
Howard Ashman (1989)
"Sooner or Later (I Always Get My Man)"
Music and lyrics:
Stephen Sondheim
Stephen Sondheim (1990)
1991–2000
"Beauty and the Beast"
Music: Alan Menken
Lyrics:
Howard Ashman (1991)
"A Whole New World"
Music: Alan Menken
Lyrics:
Tim Rice
Tim Rice (1992)
"Streets of Philadelphia"
Music and lyrics:
Bruce Springsteen
Bruce Springsteen (1993)
"Can You Feel the Love Tonight"
Music: Elton John
Lyrics:
Tim Rice
Tim Rice (1994)
"Colors of the Wind"
Music: Alan Menken
Lyrics: Stephen Schwartz (1995)
"You Must Love Me"
Music: Andrew Lloyd Webber
Lyrics:
Tim Rice
Tim Rice (1996)
"My Heart Will Go On"
Music: James Horner
Lyrics:
Will Jennings (1997)
"When You Believe"
Music and lyrics: Stephen Schwartz (1998)
"You'll Be in My Heart"
Music and lyrics:
Phil Collins
Phil Collins (1999)
"Things Have Changed"
Music and lyrics:
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan (2000)
2001–2010
"If I Didn't Have You"
Music and lyrics:
Randy Newman
.png/440px-Randy_Newman_(1972).png)
Randy Newman (2001)
"Lose Yourself"
Music: Eminem,
Jeff Bass and Luis Resto
Lyrics:
Eminem
Eminem (2002)
"Into the West"
Music and lyrics: Fran Walsh,
Howard Shore
Howard Shore and
Annie Lennox
Annie Lennox (2003)
"Al otro lado del río"
Music and lyrics:
Jorge Drexler
Jorge Drexler (2004)
"It's Hard out Here for a Pimp"
Music and lyrics: Juicy J,
Frayser Boy and
DJ Paul
.jpg/560px-DJ_Paul_of_Three_6_Máfia_(37670774406).jpg)
DJ Paul (2005)
"I Need to Wake Up"
Music and lyrics:
Melissa Etheridge
Melissa Etheridge (2006)
"Falling Slowly"
Music and lyrics:
Glen Hansard
Glen Hansard and
Markéta Irglová
Markéta Irglová (2007)
"Jai Ho"
Music: A. R. Rahman
Lyrics:
Gulzar
Gulzar (2008)
"The Weary Kind"
Music and lyrics:
Ryan Bingham
Ryan Bingham and
T Bone Burnett
T Bone Burnett (2009)
"We Belong Together"
Music and lyrics:
Randy Newman
Randy Newman (2010)
2011–present
"Man or Muppet"
Music and lyrics:
Bret McKenzie
.jpg/440px-Bret_McKenzie_Muppets_Most_Wanted_Premiere_(cropped).jpg)
Bret McKenzie (2011)
"Skyfall"
Music and lyrics:
Adele
Adele Adkins and
Paul Epworth (2012)
"Let It Go"
Music and lyrics:
Kristen Anderson-Lopez and
Robert Lopez
Robert Lopez (2013)
"Glory"
Music and lyrics: John Stephens and Lonnie Lynn (2014)
"Writing's on the Wall"
Music and lyrics: James Napier and Sam Smith (2015)
"City of Stars"
Music: Justin Hurwitz
Lyrics: Benj Pasek and
Justin Paul
Justin Paul (2016)
"Remember Me"
Music and lyrics:
Kristen Anderson-Lopez and
Robert Lopez
Robert Lopez (2017)
"Shallow"
Music and lyrics: Lady Gaga, Mark Ronson,
Anthony Rossomando and
Andrew Wyatt
Andrew Wyatt (2018)
vte
Golden Globe Award
Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song1960s
"Town Without Pity" Lyrics by Ned Washington, Music by Dimitri Tiomkin
(1961)
"Circus World" Lyrics by Ned Washington, Music by Dimitri Tiomkin
(1964)
"Forget Domani" Lyrics by Norman Newell, Music by Riz Ortolani
(1965)
"Strangers in the Night" Lyrics by Charles Singleton & Eddie
Snyder, Music by
Bert Kaempfert
Bert Kaempfert (1966)
"If Ever I Would Leave You" Lyrics by Alan Jay Lerner, Music by
Frederick Loewe (1967)
"The Windmills of Your Mind" Lyrics by Alan and Marilyn Bergman, Music
by
Michel Legrand (1968)
"Jean" Music & Lyrics by
Rod McKuen
Rod McKuen (1969)
1970s
"Whistling Away the Dark" Lyrics by Johnny Mercer, Music by Henry
Mancini (1970)
"Life Is What You Make It" Lyrics by Johnny Mercer, Music by Marvin
Hamlisch (1971)
"Ben" Lyrics by Don Black, Music by
Walter Scharf (1972)
"The Way We Were" Lyrics by Alan and Marilyn Bergman, Music by Marvin
Hamlisch (1973)
"I Feel Love" Lyrics by Betty Box, Music by
Euel Box (1974)
"I'm Easy" Music & Lyrics by
Keith Carradine
Keith Carradine (1975)
"Evergreen" Lyrics by Paul Williams, Music by
Barbra Streisand
Barbra Streisand (1976)
"You Light Up My Life" Music & Lyrics by Joseph Brooks (1977)
"Last Dance" Music & Lyrics by
Paul Jabara
Paul Jabara (1978)
"The Rose" Music & Lyrics by
Amanda McBroom
Amanda McBroom (1979)
1980s
"Fame" Lyrics by Dean Pitchford, Music by
Michael Gore (1980)
"Arthur's Theme (Best That You Can Do)" Music & Lyrics by Peter
Allen, Burt Bacharach, Christopher Cross, & Carole Bayer Sager
(1981)
"Up Where We Belong" Lyrics by Wilbur Jennings, Music by Jack
Nitzsche &
Buffy Sainte-Marie
.JPG/440px-Buffy_Ste._Marie_-_Truth_and_Reconciliation_Commission_Concert_-_Ottawa_-_2015_(cropped).JPG)
Buffy Sainte-Marie (1982)
"Flashdance... What a Feeling" Lyrics by
Irene Cara & Keith
Forsey, Music by
Giorgio Moroder
Giorgio Moroder (1983)
"I Just Called to Say I Love You" Music & Lyrics by Stevie Wonder
(1984)
"Say You, Say Me" Music & Lyrics by
Lionel Richie
Lionel Richie (1985)
"Take My Breath Away" Lyrics by Tom Whitlock, Music by Giorgio Moroder
(1986)
"(I've Had) The Time of My Life" Lyrics by Franke Previte, Music by
John DeNicola & Donald Markowitz (1987)
"Let the
River
River Run" Music & Lyrics by Carly Simon/"Two Hearts"
Lyrics by Phil Collins, Music by
Lamont Dozier
Lamont Dozier (1988)
"Under the Sea" Lyrics by Howard Ashman, Music by
Alan Menken
.jpg/440px-Alan_Menken_2013_(cropped).jpg)
Alan Menken (1989)
1990s
"Blaze of Glory" Music & Lyrics by
Jon Bon Jovi
Jon Bon Jovi (1990)
"Beauty and the Beast" Lyrics by Howard Ashman, Music by Alan Menken
(1991)
"A Whole New World" Lyrics by Tim Rice, Music by
Alan Menken
Alan Menken (1992)
"Streets of Philadelphia" Music & Lyrics by Bruce Springsteen
(1993)
"Can You Feel the Love Tonight" Lyrics by Tim Rice, Music by Elton
John (1994)
"Colors of the Wind" Lyrics by Stephen Schwartz, Music by Alan Menken
(1995)
"You Must Love Me" Lyrics by Tim Rice, Music by Andrew Lloyd Webber
(1996)
"My Heart Will Go On" Lyrics by Wilbur Jennings, Music by James Horner
(1997)
"The Prayer" Music & Lyrics by David Foster, Tony Renis, Carole
Bayer Sager & Alberto Testa (1998)
"You'll Be in My Heart" Music & Lyrics by
Phil Collins
Phil Collins (1999)
2000s
"Things Have Changed" Music & Lyrics by
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan (2000)
"Until..." Music & Lyrics by Sting (2001)
"The Hands That Built America" Music & Lyrics by Bono, Adam
Clayton,
The Edge
The Edge &
Larry Mullen Jr.
Larry Mullen Jr. (2002)
"Into the West" Music & Lyrics by Annie Lennox,
Howard Shore
Howard Shore &
Frances Walsh (2003)
"Old Habits Die Hard" Music & Lyrics by
Mick Jagger
Mick Jagger & David A.
Stewart (2004)
"A Love That Will Never Grow Old" Lyrics by Bernie Taupin, Music by
Gustavo Santaolalla
Gustavo Santaolalla (2005)
"The Song of the Heart" Music & Lyrics by Prince Rogers Nelson
(2006)
"Guaranteed" Music & Lyrics by
Eddie Vedder
Eddie Vedder (2007)
"The Wrestler" Music & Lyrics by
Bruce Springsteen
Bruce Springsteen (2008)
"The Weary Kind" Music & Lyrics by
Ryan Bingham
Ryan Bingham & T Bone
Burnett (2009)
2010s
"You Haven't Seen the Last of Me" Music & Lyrics by Diane Warren
(2010)
"Masterpiece" Music & Lyrics by Madonna,
Julie Frost & Jimmy
Harry (2011)
"Skyfall" Music & Lyrics by
Adele
Adele Adkins &
Paul Epworth (2012)
"Ordinary Love" Music & Lyrics by Bono, Adam Clayton, The Edge,
Larry Mullen Jr.
Larry Mullen Jr. & Danger Mouse (2013)
"Glory" Music & Lyrics by Common &
John Legend
John Legend (2014)
"Writing's on the Wall" Music & Lyrics by Sam Smith & Jimmy
Napes (2015)
"City of Stars" Lyrics by Benj Pasek & Justin Paul, Music by
Justin Hurwitz
_(cropped).jpg)
Justin Hurwitz (2016)
"This Is Me" Music & Lyrics by Benj Pasek &
Justin Paul
Justin Paul (2017)
"Shallow" Music & Lyrics by Lady Gaga, Mark Ronson, Anthony
Rossomando &
Andrew Wyatt
Andrew Wyatt (2018)
Complete List
(1960s)
(1970s)
(1980s)
(1990s)
(2000s)
(2010s)
vte
Grammy Award
Grammy Award for Album of the Year1959–1979
The Music from Peter Gunn
The Music from Peter Gunn –
Henry Mancini
Henry Mancini (1959)
Come Dance with Me! –
Frank Sinatra
Frank Sinatra (1960)
The Button-Down Mind of Bob Newhart
The Button-Down Mind of Bob Newhart –
Bob Newhart
Bob Newhart (1961)
Judy at
Carnegie Hall
Carnegie Hall –
Judy Garland
Judy Garland (1962)
The First Family –
Vaughn Meader
Vaughn Meader (1963)
The
Barbra Streisand
Barbra Streisand Album –
Barbra Streisand
Barbra Streisand (1964)
Getz/Gilberto
Getz/Gilberto –
Stan Getz
Stan Getz &
João Gilberto
João Gilberto (1965)
September of My Years –
Frank Sinatra
Frank Sinatra (1966)
A Man and His Music –
Frank Sinatra
Frank Sinatra (1967)
Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band
Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band –
The Beatles
The Beatles (1968)
By the Time I Get to Phoenix –
Glen Campbell
Glen Campbell (1969)
Blood, Sweat & Tears – Blood, Sweat & Tears (1970)
Bridge over Troubled Water
.png)
Bridge over Troubled Water – Simon & Garfunkel (1971)
Tapestry –
Carole King
Carole King (1972)
The
Concert for Bangladesh
Concert for Bangladesh –
George Harrison
George Harrison & Friends (1973)
Innervisions
Innervisions –
Stevie Wonder
Stevie Wonder (1974)
Fulfillingness' First Finale
Fulfillingness' First Finale –
Stevie Wonder
Stevie Wonder (1975)
Still Crazy After All These Years
Still Crazy After All These Years –
Paul Simon
.jpg/440px-Paul_Simon_at_the_9-30_Club_(b).jpg)
Paul Simon (1976)
Songs in the Key of Life
Songs in the Key of Life –
Stevie Wonder
Stevie Wonder (1977)
Rumours –
Fleetwood Mac
.jpg/415px-Fleetwood_Mac_(1977).jpg)
Fleetwood Mac (1978)
Saturday Night Fever – Various Artists (1979)
1980–2000
52nd Street –
Billy Joel
Billy Joel (1980)
Christopher Cross
.jpg/440px-Christopher_Cross_in_beaumont_ca_(2637703689).jpg)
Christopher Cross –
Christopher Cross
Christopher Cross (1981)
Double Fantasy
Double Fantasy –
John Lennon
John Lennon &
Yoko Ono
Yoko Ono (1982)
Toto IV
Toto IV – Toto (1983)
Thriller –
Michael Jackson
Michael Jackson (1984)
Can't Slow Down –
Lionel Richie
Lionel Richie (1985)
No Jacket Required
No Jacket Required –
Phil Collins
Phil Collins (1986)
Graceland –
Paul Simon
Paul Simon (1987)
The Joshua Tree
The Joshua Tree – U2 (1988)
Faith –
George Michael
George Michael (1989)
Nick of Time –
Bonnie Raitt
Bonnie Raitt (1990)
Back on the Block
Back on the Block –
Quincy Jones
Quincy Jones and Various Artists (1991)
Unforgettable... with Love –
Natalie Cole
Natalie Cole (1992)
Unplugged –
Eric Clapton
Eric Clapton (1993)
The Bodyguard –
Whitney Houston
Whitney Houston (1994)
MTV Unplugged
MTV Unplugged –
Tony Bennett
Tony Bennett (1995)
Jagged Little Pill
Jagged Little Pill –
Alanis Morissette
Alanis Morissette (1996)
Falling into You
Falling into You –
Celine Dion
Celine Dion (1997)
Time Out of Mind –
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan (1998)
The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill
The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill –
Lauryn Hill
Lauryn Hill (1999)
Supernatural – Santana (2000)
2001–present
Two Against Nature
Two Against Nature –
Steely Dan
Steely Dan (2001)
O Brother, Where Art Thou? – Various Artists (2002)
Come Away with Me
Come Away with Me –
Norah Jones
Norah Jones (2003)
Speakerboxxx/The Love Below
Speakerboxxx/The Love Below –
Outkast
Outkast (2004)
Genius Loves Company
Genius Loves Company –
Ray Charles
Ray Charles & Various Artists (2005)
How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb
.png)
How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb – U2 (2006)
Taking the Long Way
Taking the Long Way –
Dixie Chicks
Dixie Chicks (2007)
River: The Joni Letters –
Herbie Hancock
Herbie Hancock (2008)
Raising Sand
Raising Sand –
Robert Plant
Robert Plant &
Alison Krauss
Alison Krauss (2009)
Fearless –
Taylor Swift
Taylor Swift (2010)
The Suburbs
The Suburbs –
Arcade Fire
Arcade Fire (2011)
21 –
Adele
Adele (2012)
Babel – Mumford & Sons (2013)
Random Access Memories
Random Access Memories –
Daft Punk
Daft Punk (2014)
Morning Phase
Morning Phase –
Beck
.jpg/440px-Beck_2018_(cropped).jpg)
Beck (2015)
1989 –
Taylor Swift
Taylor Swift (2016)
25 –
Adele
Adele (2017)
24K Magic –
Bruno Mars
.jpg/440px-BrunoMars24KMagicWorldTourLive_(cropped).jpg)
Bruno Mars (2018)
Golden Hour –
Kacey Musgraves
Kacey Musgraves (2019)
‹ The template below (Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award) is
being considered for deletion. See templates for discussion to help
reach a consensus. ›
vteGrammy Lifetime Achievement Award1960s
1963
Bing Crosby
1965
Frank Sinatra
1966
Duke Ellington
1967
Ella Fitzgerald
1968
Irving Berlin
1970s
1971
Elvis Presley
1972
Louis Armstrong
Mahalia Jackson
1980s
1984
Chuck Berry
Charlie Parker
1985
Leonard Bernstein
1986
Benny Goodman
The Rolling Stones
Andrés Segovia
1987
Roy Acuff
Benny Carter
Enrico Caruso
Ray Charles
Fats Domino
Woody Herman
Billie Holiday
B.B. King
Isaac Stern
Igor Stravinsky
Arturo Toscanini
Hank Williams
1989
Fred Astaire
Pablo Casals
Dizzy Gillespie
Jascha Heifetz
Lena Horne
Leontyne Price
Bessie Smith
Art Tatum
Sarah Vaughan
1990s
1990
Nat King Cole
Miles Davis
Vladimir Horowitz
Paul McCartney
1991
Marian Anderson
Bob Dylan
John Lennon
Kitty Wells
1992
James Brown
John Coltrane
Jimi Hendrix
Muddy Waters
1993
Chet Atkins
Little Richard
Thelonious Monk
Bill Monroe
Pete Seeger
Fats Waller
1994
Bill Evans
Aretha Franklin
Arthur Rubinstein
1995
Patsy Cline
Peggy Lee
Henry Mancini
Curtis Mayfield
Barbra Streisand
1996
Dave Brubeck
Marvin Gaye
Georg Solti
Stevie Wonder
1997
Bobby "Blue" Bland
The Everly Brothers
Judy Garland
Stéphane Grappelli
Buddy Holly
Charles Mingus
Oscar Peterson
Frank Zappa
1998
Bo Diddley
The Mills Brothers
Roy Orbison
Paul Robeson
1999
Johnny Cash
Sam Cooke
Otis Redding
Smokey Robinson
Mel Tormé
2000s
2000
Harry Belafonte
Woody Guthrie
John Lee Hooker
Mitch Miller
Willie Nelson
2001
The Beach Boys
Tony Bennett
Sammy Davis Jr.
Bob Marley
The Who
2002
Count Basie
Rosemary Clooney
Perry Como
Al Green
Joni Mitchell
2003
Etta James
Johnny Mathis
Glenn Miller
Tito Puente
Simon & Garfunkel
2004
Van Cliburn
The Funk Brothers
Ella Jenkins
Sonny Rollins
Artie Shaw
Doc Watson
2005
Eddy Arnold
Art Blakey
The Carter Family
Morton Gould
Janis Joplin
Led Zeppelin
Jerry Lee Lewis
Jelly Roll Morton
Pinetop Perkins
The Staple Singers
2006
David Bowie
Cream
Merle Haggard
Robert Johnson
Jessye Norman
Richard Pryor
The Weavers
2007
Joan Baez
Booker T. & the M.G.'s
Maria Callas
Ornette Coleman
The Doors
The Grateful Dead
Bob Wills
2008
Burt Bacharach
The Band
Cab Calloway
Doris Day
Itzhak Perlman
Max Roach
Earl Scruggs
2009
Gene Autry
The Blind Boys of Alabama
The Four Tops
Hank Jones
Brenda Lee
Dean Martin
Tom Paxton
2010s
2010
Leonard Cohen
Bobby Darin
David "Honeyboy" Edwards
Michael Jackson
Loretta Lynn
André Previn
Clark Terry
2011
Julie Andrews
Roy Haynes
Juilliard String Quartet
The Kingston Trio
Dolly Parton
Ramones
George Beverly Shea
2012
The Allman Brothers Band
Glen Campbell
Antônio Carlos Jobim
George Jones
The Memphis Horns
Diana Ross
Gil Scott-Heron
2013
Glenn Gould
Charlie Haden
Lightnin' Hopkins
Carole King
Patti Page
Ravi Shankar
The Temptations
2014
The Beatles
Clifton Chenier
The Isley Brothers
Kraftwerk
Kris Kristofferson
Armando Manzanero
Maud Powell
2015
Bee Gees
Pierre Boulez
Buddy Guy
George Harrison
Flaco Jiménez
The Louvin Brothers
Wayne Shorter
2016
Ruth Brown
Celia Cruz
Earth, Wind & Fire
Herbie Hancock
Jefferson Airplane
Linda Ronstadt
Run-DMC
2017
Shirley Caesar
Ahmad Jamal
Charley Pride
Jimmie Rodgers
Nina Simone
Sly Stone
The Velvet Underground
2018
Hal Blaine
Neil Diamond
Emmylou Harris
Louis Jordan
The Meters
Queen
Tina Turner
2019
Black Sabbath
George Clinton and Parliament-Funkadelic
Billy Eckstine
Donny Hathaway
Julio Iglesias
Sam & Dave
Dionne Warwick
vte
Kennedy Center
Kennedy Center Honorees (1990s)1990
Dizzy Gillespie
Katharine Hepburn
Risë Stevens
Jule Styne
Billy Wilder
1991
Roy Acuff
Betty Comden
Betty Comden and Adolph Green
Fayard and Harold Nicholas
Gregory Peck
Robert Shaw
1992
Lionel Hampton
Paul Newman
Paul Newman and Joanne Woodward
Ginger Rogers
Mstislav Rostropovich
Paul Taylor
1993
Johnny Carson
Arthur Mitchell
Sir Georg Solti
Stephen Sondheim
Marion Williams
1994
Kirk Douglas
Aretha Franklin
Morton Gould
Harold Prince
Pete Seeger
1995
Jacques d'Amboise
Marilyn Horne
B.B. King
Sidney Poitier
Neil Simon
1996
Edward Albee
Benny Carter
Johnny Cash
Jack Lemmon
Maria Tallchief
1997
Lauren Bacall
Bob Dylan
Charlton Heston
Jessye Norman
Edward Villella
1998
Fred Ebb
Fred Ebb and John Kander
Willie Nelson
André Previn
Shirley Temple
Shirley Temple Black
1999
Victor Borge
Sean Connery
Judith Jamison
Jason Robards
Stevie Wonder
Complete list
1970s
1980s
1990s
2000s
2010s
vteMusiCares Person of the Year
David Crosby
.jpg/440px-DavidCrosbyCarmel041117-33_(38289127851).jpg)
David Crosby (1991)
Bonnie Raitt
Bonnie Raitt (1992)
Natalie Cole
Natalie Cole (1993)
Gloria Estefan
Gloria Estefan (1994)
Tony Bennett
Tony Bennett (1995)
Quincy Jones
Quincy Jones (1996)
Phil Collins
Phil Collins (1997)
Luciano Pavarotti
Luciano Pavarotti (1998)
Stevie Wonder
Stevie Wonder (1999)
Elton John
Elton John (2000)
Paul Simon
Paul Simon (2001)
Billy Joel
Billy Joel (2002)
Bono
Bono (2003)
Sting (2004)
Brian Wilson
_(tall).jpg/440px-Brian_Wilson_(7314673472)_(tall).jpg)
Brian Wilson (2005)
James Taylor
James Taylor (2006)
Don Henley
Don Henley (2007)
Aretha Franklin
Aretha Franklin (2008)
Neil Diamond
Neil Diamond (2009)
Neil Young
Neil Young (2010)
Barbra Streisand
Barbra Streisand (2011)
Paul McCartney
Paul McCartney (2012)
Bruce Springsteen
Bruce Springsteen (2013)
Carole King
Carole King (2014)
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan (2015)
Lionel Richie
Lionel Richie (2016)
Tom Petty
Tom Petty (2017)
Fleetwood Mac
Fleetwood Mac (2018)
Dolly Parton
Dolly Parton (2019)
vteNational Medal of Arts recipients (2000s)2000
Maya Angelou
Eddy Arnold
Mikhail Baryshnikov
Benny Carter
Chuck Close
Horton Foote
Lewis Manilow
National Public Radio, cultural programming division
Claes Oldenburg
Itzhak Perlman
Harold Prince
Barbra Streisand
2001
Alvin Ailey Dance Foundation
Rudolfo Anaya
Johnny Cash
Kirk Douglas
Helen Frankenthaler
Judith Jamison
Yo-Yo Ma
Mike Nichols
2002
Florence Knoll Bassett
Trisha Brown
Philippe de Montebello
Uta Hagen
Lawrence Halprin
Al Hirschfeld
George Jones
Ming Cho Lee
William "Smokey" Robinson
2003
Austin City Limits
Beverly Cleary
Rafe Esquith
Suzanne Farrell
Buddy Guy
Ron Howard
Mormon Tabernacle Choir
Leonard Slatkin
George Strait
Tommy Tune
2004
Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
Ray Bradbury
Carlisle Floyd
Frederick Hart
Anthony Hecht
John Ruthven
Vincent Scully
Twyla Tharp
2005
Louis Auchincloss
James DePreist
Paquito D'Rivera
Robert Duvall
Leonard Garment
Ollie Johnston
Wynton Marsalis
Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts
Tina Ramirez
Dolly Parton
2006
William Bolcom
Cyd Charisse
Roy DeCarava
Wilhelmina Holladay
Interlochen Center for the Arts
Erich Kunzel
Preservation Hall Jazz Band
Gregory Rabassa
Viktor Schreckengost
Ralph Stanley
2007
Morten Lauridsen
N. Scott Momaday
Craig Noel
Roy Neuberger
Les Paul
Henry Z. Steinway
George Tooker
Lionel Hampton
.jpg/440px-Lionel_Hampton,_Aquarium,_New_York,_ca._June_1946_(William_P._Gottlieb_03841).jpg)
Lionel Hampton Jazz Festival (University of Idaho)
Andrew Wyeth
2008
Stan Lee
Richard M. Sherman
Robert B. Sherman
Olivia de Havilland
Hank Jones
Jesús Moroles
Ford's Theatre
Ford's Theatre Society
Fisk Jubilee Singers, (Fisk University)
José Limón Dance Foundation
The Presser Foundation
2009
Bob Dylan
Clint Eastwood
Milton Glaser
Maya Lin
Rita Moreno
Jessye Norman
Joseph P. Riley, Jr.
Frank Stella
Michael Tilson Thomas
John Williams
Oberlin Conservatory of Music
School of American Ballet
Complete list
1980s
1990s
2000s
2010s
vte2016
Nobel Prize
Nobel Prize laureatesChemistry
Jean-Pierre Sauvage
Jean-Pierre Sauvage (France)
Fraser Stoddart
.jpg/440px-Nobel_Laureates_0953_(31117136180).jpg)
Fraser Stoddart (United Kingdom, United States)
Ben Feringa
Ben Feringa (Netherlands)
Literature
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan (United States)Peace (2016)Juan Manuel Santos
(Colombia)Physics
David J. Thouless
David J. Thouless (United Kingdom, United States)
Duncan Haldane
Duncan Haldane (United Kingdom, United States)
J. Michael Kosterlitz
.jpg/440px-Nobel_Laureates_0865_(31372382901).jpg)
J. Michael Kosterlitz (United Kingdom, United States)
Physiology or Medicine
Yoshinori Ohsumi
.jpg/500px-Nobel_Laureates_1042_(30647248184).jpg)
Yoshinori Ohsumi (Japan)Economic Sciences
Oliver Hart (United Kingdom, United States)
Bengt Holmström
Bengt Holmström (Finland)
.mw-parser-output .nobold font-weight:normal
Nobel Prize
Nobel Prize recipients
1990
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
2000
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
vteLaureates of the
Nobel Prize
Nobel Prize in Literature1901–1925
1901: Sully Prudhomme
1902: Theodor Mommsen
1903: Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson
1904:
Frédéric Mistral
Frédéric Mistral / José Echegaray
1905: Henryk Sienkiewicz
1906: Giosuè Carducci
1907: Rudyard Kipling
1908: Rudolf Eucken
1909: Selma Lagerlöf
1910: Paul Heyse
1911: Maurice Maeterlinck
1912: Gerhart Hauptmann
1913: Rabindranath Tagore
1914
1915: Romain Rolland
1916: Verner von Heidenstam
1917: Karl Gjellerup / Henrik Pontoppidan
1918
1919: Carl Spitteler
1920: Knut Hamsun
1921: Anatole France
1922: Jacinto Benavente
1923: W. B. Yeats
1924: Władysław Reymont
1925: George Bernard Shaw
1926–1950
1926: Grazia Deledda
1927: Henri Bergson
1928: Sigrid Undset
1929: Thomas Mann
1930: Sinclair Lewis
1931: Erik Axel Karlfeldt
1932: John Galsworthy
1933: Ivan Bunin
1934: Luigi Pirandello
1935
1936: Eugene O'Neill
1937: Roger Martin du Gard
1938: Pearl S. Buck
1939: Frans Eemil Sillanpää
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944: Johannes V. Jensen
1945: Gabriela Mistral
1946: Hermann Hesse
1947: André Gide
1948: T. S. Eliot
1949: William Faulkner
1950: Bertrand Russell
1951–1975
1951: Pär Lagerkvist
1952: François Mauriac
1953: Winston Churchill
1954: Ernest Hemingway
1955: Halldór Laxness
1956: Juan Ramón Jiménez
1957: Albert Camus
1958: Boris Pasternak
1959: Salvatore Quasimodo
1960: Saint-John Perse
1961: Ivo Andrić
1962: John Steinbeck
1963: Giorgos Seferis
1964:
Jean-Paul Sartre
Jean-Paul Sartre (declined award)
1965: Mikhail Sholokhov
1966:
Shmuel Yosef Agnon
Shmuel Yosef Agnon / Nelly Sachs
1967: Miguel Ángel Asturias
1968: Yasunari Kawabata
1969: Samuel Beckett
1970: Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
1971: Pablo Neruda
1972: Heinrich Böll
1973: Patrick White
1974:
Eyvind Johnson
Eyvind Johnson / Harry Martinson
1975: Eugenio Montale
1976–2000
1976: Saul Bellow
1977: Vicente Aleixandre
1978: Isaac Bashevis Singer
1979: Odysseas Elytis
1980: Czesław Miłosz
1981: Elias Canetti
1982: Gabriel García Márquez
1983: William Golding
1984: Jaroslav Seifert
1985: Claude Simon
1986: Wole Soyinka
1987: Joseph Brodsky
1988: Naguib Mahfouz
1989: Camilo José Cela
1990: Octavio Paz
1991: Nadine Gordimer
1992: Derek Walcott
1993: Toni Morrison
1994: Kenzaburō Ōe
1995: Seamus Heaney
1996: Wisława Szymborska
1997: Dario Fo
1998: José Saramago
1999: Günter Grass
2000: Gao Xingjian
2001–present
2001: V. S. Naipaul
2002: Imre Kertész
2003: J. M. Coetzee
2004: Elfriede Jelinek
2005: Harold Pinter
2006: Orhan Pamuk
2007: Doris Lessing
2008: J. M. G. Le Clézio
2009: Herta Müller
2010: Mario Vargas Llosa
2011: Tomas Tranströmer
2012: Mo Yan
2013: Alice Munro
2014: Patrick Modiano
2015: Svetlana Alexievich
2016: Bob Dylan
2017: Kazuo Ishiguro
2018
vteLaureates of the Polar Music Prize1990s
Paul McCartney
Paul McCartney / the
Baltic states
Baltic states (1992)
Dizzy Gillespie
Dizzy Gillespie /
Witold Lutosławski
Witold Lutosławski (1993)
Quincy Jones
Quincy Jones /
Nikolaus Harnoncourt
.jpg/440px-Nikolaus_Harnoncourt_(1980).jpg)
Nikolaus Harnoncourt (1994)
Elton John
Elton John /
Mstislav Rostropovich
Mstislav Rostropovich (1995)
Joni Mitchell
Joni Mitchell /
Pierre Boulez
.jpg/440px-Pierre_Boulez_(1968).jpg)
Pierre Boulez (1996)
Bruce Springsteen
Bruce Springsteen /
Eric Ericson
Eric Ericson (1997)
Ray Charles
Ray Charles /
Ravi Shankar
Ravi Shankar (1998)
Stevie Wonder
Stevie Wonder /
Iannis Xenakis
Iannis Xenakis (1999)
2000s
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan /
Isaac Stern
Isaac Stern (2000)
Burt Bacharach
Burt Bacharach /
Robert Moog
Robert Moog /
Karlheinz Stockhausen
Karlheinz Stockhausen (2001)
Miriam Makeba
Miriam Makeba /
Sofia Gubaidulina
Sofia Gubaidulina (2002)
Keith Jarrett
Keith Jarrett (2003)
B.B. King
B.B. King /
György Ligeti
.jpg/440px-György_Ligeti_(1984).jpg)
György Ligeti (2004)
Gilberto Gil
Gilberto Gil /
Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau
Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau (2005)
Led Zeppelin
Led Zeppelin /
Valery Gergiev
Valery Gergiev (2006)
Sonny Rollins
Sonny Rollins /
Steve Reich
Steve Reich (2007)
Pink Floyd
Pink Floyd /
Renée Fleming
Renée Fleming (2008)
Peter Gabriel
Peter Gabriel /
José Antonio Abreu
José Antonio Abreu /
El Sistema (2009)
2010s
Björk
Björk /
Ennio Morricone
Ennio Morricone (2010)
Kronos Quartet
Kronos Quartet /
Patti Smith
Patti Smith (2011)
Paul Simon
Paul Simon /
Yo-Yo Ma
Yo-Yo Ma (2012)
Youssou N'Dour
Youssou N'Dour /
Kaija Saariaho
Kaija Saariaho (2013)
Chuck Berry
Chuck Berry /
Peter Sellars
Peter Sellars (2014)
Emmylou Harris
Emmylou Harris /
Evelyn Glennie
Evelyn Glennie (2015)
Max Martin
Max Martin /
Cecilia Bartoli
Cecilia Bartoli (2016)
Sting /
Wayne Shorter
.jpg)
Wayne Shorter (2017)
Metallica
Metallica /
Afghanistan National Institute of Music (2018)
Grandmaster Flash
Grandmaster Flash /
Anne-Sophie Mutter
Anne-Sophie Mutter /
Playing for Change (2019)
vte
Pulitzer Prize
Pulitzer Prize
Special
Special Citations and Awards (Arts)
Richard Rodgers
Richard Rodgers and
Oscar Hammerstein II
Oscar Hammerstein II for
Oklahoma! (1944)
Roger Sessions
Roger Sessions (1974)
Scott Joplin
Scott Joplin (1976)
Milton Babbitt
Milton Babbitt (1982)
William Schuman (1985)
George Gershwin
George Gershwin (1998)
Duke Ellington
Duke Ellington (1999)
Thelonious Monk
.jpg/440px-Thelonious_Monk,_Minton's_Playhouse,_New_York,_N.Y.,_ca._Sept._1947_(William_P._Gottlieb_06191).jpg)
Thelonious Monk (2006)
John Coltrane
John Coltrane (2007)
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan (2008)
Hank Williams
Hank Williams (2010)
Aretha Franklin
Aretha Franklin (2019)
Complete list
(Journalism)
(Letters)
(Arts)
(Service)
vte
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame – Class of 1988Performers
The Beach Boys
Al Jardine, Mike Love, Brian Wilson, Carl Wilson, Dennis Wilson
The Beatles
George Harrison, John Lennon, Paul McCartney, Ringo Starr
The Drifters
Ben E. King, Rudy Lewis, Clyde McPhatter, Johnny Moore, Bill Pinkney,
Charlie Thomas, Gerhart Thrasher
Bob Dylan
The Supremes
Florence Ballard, Diana Ross, Mary Wilson
Early influences
Woody Guthrie
Lead Belly
Les Paul
Non-performers(Ahmet Ertegun Award)
Berry Gordy
vteThe Band
Rick Danko
Levon Helm
Garth Hudson
Richard Manuel
Robbie Robertson
Richard Bell
Randy Ciarlante
Stan Szelest
Jim Weider
Studio albums
Music from Big Pink
The Band
Stage Fright
Cahoots
Moondog Matinee
Northern Lights – Southern Cross
Islands
Jericho
High On The Hog
Jubilation
with Bob Dylan
Planet Waves
The Basement Tapes
Live albums
Rock of Ages
Before the Flood
The Last Waltz
The Last Waltz (1978 album)
Live at Watkins Glen
The Bootleg Series Vol. 4:
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan Live 1966
The Last Waltz
The Last Waltz (2002 album)
Live at the Academy of Music 1971
Compilations
The Best of The Band
Anthology
To Kingdom Come
Across The Great Divide
The Best of The Band, Vol. II
Greatest Hits
A Musical History
The Bootleg Series Vol. 11:
The Basement Tapes
The Basement Tapes Complete
Films
The Last Waltz
Festival Express
Singles
"Uh-Uh-Uh"
"The Stones I Throw"
"Go Go Liza Jane"
"The Weight" / "I Shall Be Released"
"Rag Mama Rag" / "The Unfaithful Servant"
"Up on Cripple Creek" / "The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down"
"Time to Kill" / "The Shape I'm In"
"Life Is a Carnival"
"On a Night Like This" (with Bob Dylan)
"Most Likely You Go Your Way (And I'll Go Mine)" (with Bob Dylan)
"Ophelia"
"Atlantic City"
Other songs
"Tears of Rage"
"We Can Talk"
"Long Black Veil"
"Chest Fever"
"Lonesome Suzie
"This Wheel's on Fire"
"Across the Great Divide"
"When You Awake"
"Whispering Pines"
"Jemima Surrender"
"Look Out Cleveland"
"King Harvest (Has Surely Come)"
"Sleeping"
"The W.S. Walcott Medicine Show"
"Daniel and the Sacred Harp"
"Stage Fright"
"When I Paint My Masterpiece"
"Don't Do It"
"Mystery Train"
"Holy Cow"
"Acadian Driftwood"
"It Makes No Difference"
"Georgia on My Mind"
"Blind Willie McTell"
"What Am I Living For"
Related
Discography
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan World Tour 1966
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan and
The Band
The Band 1974 Tour
Cate Brothers
Ronnie Hawkins
Big Pink
List of Basement Tapes songs
List of Basement Tapes songs (1975)
No Reason to Cry
This Wheel's on Fire:
Levon Helm
Levon Helm and the Story of The Band
Once Were Brothers:
Robbie Robertson
Robbie Robertson and The Band
vteTraveling Wilburys
Bob Dylan
George Harrison
Jeff Lynne
Roy Orbison
Tom Petty
Studio albums
Traveling Wilburys
Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1
Traveling Wilburys
Traveling Wilburys Vol. 3
Compilations
The
Traveling Wilburys
Traveling Wilburys Collection
Songs and singles
"Handle with Care"
"Not Alone Any More"
"Heading for the Light"
"Tweeter and the Monkey Man"
"End of the Line"
"Nobody's Child"
"She's My Baby"
"Inside Out"
"Wilbury Twist"
Related
Jim Keltner
Dhani Harrison
Cloud Nine
Full Moon Fever
Book
Category
vteBob Dylan's Theme Time Radio HourSeasons
Season One
Season Two
Season Three
Releases
Together Through Life
The Best of Bob Dylan's Theme Time Radio Hour
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