? (XXXTentacion album)
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''?'' is the second
studio album An album is a collection of audio recordings issued on compact disc (CD), Phonograph record, vinyl, audio tape, or another medium such as Digital distribution#Music, digital distribution. Albums of recorded sound were developed in the early ...
by American rapper and singer XXXTentacion and his last studio album to be released before his murder. It was released on March 16, 2018, by Bad Vibes Forever, Caroline Distribution, and
Capitol Music Group Capitol Music Group (CMG) is an American front line umbrella label distributed by Universal Music Group which oversees handling of record labels assigned to UMG's Capitol Records division. It was inherited from UMG's acquisition of EMI's catalog ( ...
. It succeeds the release of his debut studio album '' 17'' (2017) and the extended play ''
A Ghetto Christmas Carol ''A Ghetto Christmas Carol'' is a Christmas-themed extended play by American rapper and singer XXXTentacion. It was released on December 11, 2017, by Bad Vibes Forever. The production was handled primarily by fellow American record producer, Ronny ...
'' (2017). The album was primarily produced by frequent collaborator John Cunningham, and includes guest appearances from PnB Rock, Travis Barker, Joey Badass, Matt Ox, Rio Santana, Judah, and Carlos Andrez. Featuring more live instrumentation than ''17'', ''?'' features an array of genres, including acoustic,
emo Emo is a rock music genre characterized by emotional, often confessional lyrics. It emerged as a style of and hardcore punk from the Washington D.C. hardcore punk scene, where it was known as emotional hardcore or emocore and pioneered b ...
, alternative rock,
trap A trap is a mechanical device used to capture or restrain an animal for purposes such as hunting, pest control, or ecological research. Trap or TRAP may also refer to: Art and entertainment Films and television * ''Trap'' (2015 film), Fil ...
, and cloud rap. XXXTentacion's vocals on parts the album are less restrained and lo-fi-ish compared to ''17'', with his vocals on introspective songs over piano and
acoustic guitar An acoustic guitar is a musical instrument in the string family. When a string is plucked its vibration is transmitted from the bridge, resonating throughout the top of the guitar. It is also transmitted to the side and back of the instrument, ...
chords being more projected. On other parts of the album, XXXTentacion's style resembles his
underground Underground most commonly refers to: * Subterranea (geography), the regions beneath the surface of the Earth Underground may also refer to: Places * The Underground (Boston), a music club in the Allston neighborhood of Boston * The Underground (S ...
sound, with him
screaming A scream is a loud speech production, vocalization in which air is passed through the vocal cords with greater force than is used in regular or close-distance vocalisation. This can be performed by any creature possessing lungs, including human ...
. The album was supported by three singles: "
Sad! "Sad!" (stylized in all-caps) is a song by American rapper and singer XXXTentacion from his second studio album, '' ?'' (2018). It was released as the lead single from the album on March 2, 2018. The track was produced by John Cunningham, and wri ...
", " Changes", and "
Moonlight Moonlight consists of mostly sunlight (with little earthlight) reflected from the parts of the Moon's surface where the Sun's light strikes. Illumination The intensity of moonlight varies greatly depending on the lunar phase, but even the ful ...
". Following XXXTentacion's death on June 18, 2018, "Sad!" topped the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, where XXXTentacion became the first act to earn a posthumous Hot 100 number-one single as a lead artist since
The Notorious B.I.G. Christopher George Latore Wallace (May 21, 1972 – March 9, 1997), better known by his stage names the Notorious B.I.G., Biggie Smalls, or simply Biggie, was an American rapper. Rooted in East Coast hip hop and particularly gangsta ...
with " Mo Money Mo Problems" in 1997. ''?'' received positive reviews from critics, and became XXXTentacion's first US number-one album, debuting at number one on the ''Billboard'' 200 with 131,000 album-equivalent units earned in its first week. The album has since been certified triple platinum by the
Recording Industry Association of America The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) is a trade organization that represents the music recording industry in the United States. Its members consist of record labels and distributors that the RIAA says "create, manufacture, and/o ...
(RIAA). On Spotify, it is the most-streamed rap album of all-time. At the 2019 ''Billboard'' Music Awards, ''?'' was nominated for Top ''Billboard'' 200 Album, among other nominations. An anniversary deluxe edition of the album was originally going to be released on July 26, 2019, but was pushed back to September 6, 2019, featuring the album's instrumentals, ''A Ghetto Christmas Carol'', voice memos from the recording sessions of the album, and new material featuring American rapper
Rico Nasty Maria-Cecilia Simone Kelly (born May 7, 1997), known professionally as Rico Nasty, is an American rapper, singer, and songwriter from Maryland. She rose to prominence in 2018 with singles such as "Smack a Bitch" and "Poppin". While in high schoo ...
and Japanese video game composer Yoko Shimomura.


Background

XXXTentacion released his debut studio album, '' 17'' in August 2017 to commercial success. Following the release of the album, he announced he was quitting music due to negativity and backlash, though he eventually signed a $6 million one-album deal with Caroline Distribution and released ''
A Ghetto Christmas Carol ''A Ghetto Christmas Carol'' is a Christmas-themed extended play by American rapper and singer XXXTentacion. It was released on December 11, 2017, by Bad Vibes Forever. The production was handled primarily by fellow American record producer, Ronny ...
'' EP on his SoundCloud on December 11, 2017. After the release of ''A Ghetto Christmas Carol'', XXXTentacion announced he was preparing three new albums and eventually announced the titles of the albums as ''Bad Vibes Forever'', '' Skins'', and ''?'', after being released on house arrest on December 23, 2017. The track listing and release date was confirmed by XXXTentacion on March 12, 2018, via social media.


Composition

A contrast to ''17'', the album features an array of genres, including alternative rock,
emo Emo is a rock music genre characterized by emotional, often confessional lyrics. It emerged as a style of and hardcore punk from the Washington D.C. hardcore punk scene, where it was known as emotional hardcore or emocore and pioneered b ...
,
trap A trap is a mechanical device used to capture or restrain an animal for purposes such as hunting, pest control, or ecological research. Trap or TRAP may also refer to: Art and entertainment Films and television * ''Trap'' (2015 film), Fil ...
, acoustic, and cloud rap. The song "I Don't Even Speak Spanish LOL" has been labelled as reggaeton pop, while "Infinity (888)" is a classic hip hop song. XXXTentacion's vocals on parts the album are less restrained and lo-fi-ish compared to ''17'', with his vocals over piano and
acoustic guitar An acoustic guitar is a musical instrument in the string family. When a string is plucked its vibration is transmitted from the bridge, resonating throughout the top of the guitar. It is also transmitted to the side and back of the instrument, ...
chords being more projected. On other parts of the album, XXXTentacion's style resembles his
underground Underground most commonly refers to: * Subterranea (geography), the regions beneath the surface of the Earth Underground may also refer to: Places * The Underground (Boston), a music club in the Allston neighborhood of Boston * The Underground (S ...
sound pre-" Look at Me", with him portraying anger through
screaming A scream is a loud speech production, vocalization in which air is passed through the vocal cords with greater force than is used in regular or close-distance vocalisation. This can be performed by any creature possessing lungs, including human ...
.


Promotion

The cover art was first shown on XXXTentacion's
Instagram Instagram is a photo and video sharing social networking service owned by American company Meta Platforms. The app allows users to upload media that can be edited with filters and organized by hashtags and geographical tagging. Posts can ...
story on January 28, 2018, with the caption "coming soon". Later that day, he explained that:
"This albums not about the words, it's about the feeling...it'll be very hard to understand, but very easy to listen to...it's not what you're expecting, even if you feel like you understand my music, be prepared to not understand this music."
XXXTentacion released the song "
Hope Hope is an optimistic state of mind that is based on an expectation of positive outcomes with respect to events and circumstances in one's life or the world at large. As a verb, its definitions include: "expect with confidence" and "to cherish ...
" on his SoundCloud on February 21, 2018, dedicated to the survivors of the
Stoneman Douglas High School shooting On February 14, 2018, 19-year-old Nikolas Cruz opened fire on students and staff at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in the Miami suburban town of Parkland, Florida, murdering 17 people and injuring 17 others. Cruz, a former student at t ...
. XXXTentacion later hosted a benefit show for the survivors on March 18, 2018, and offered condolences to the victims of the shooting. On February 25, 2018, after the release of "Hope", the rapper posted vague messages on social media accusing Canadian rapper Drake of threatening to murder him alongside crude photoshopped images of Drake. XXXTentacion proceeded to claim his accounts were hacked whilst there was speculation he was insulting the rapper for promotion of "Sad!" and "Changes".


Singles

The lead singles "Sad!" and "Changes" were released March 2, 2018, for streaming and digital download. "Sad!" debuted at number 17, and peaked at number one on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, becoming XXXTentacion's first number-one song and his highest-charting single to date. XXXTentacion became the first act to earn a posthumous Hot 100 number-one single as a lead artist since
The Notorious B.I.G. Christopher George Latore Wallace (May 21, 1972 – March 9, 1997), better known by his stage names the Notorious B.I.G., Biggie Smalls, or simply Biggie, was an American rapper. Rooted in East Coast hip hop and particularly gangsta ...
with " Mo Money Mo Problems" in 1997. "Changes" debuted at number 47 on the week beginning March 13, 2018, and peaked at number 18. The album's third single "Moonlight" was released posthumously to rhythmic radio on August 14, 2018. "Moonlight" peaked at 13 on the Billboard Hot 100 after XXXTentacion's murder. The
Rico Nasty Maria-Cecilia Simone Kelly (born May 7, 1997), known professionally as Rico Nasty, is an American rapper, singer, and songwriter from Maryland. She rose to prominence in 2018 with singles such as "Smack a Bitch" and "Poppin". While in high schoo ...
remix of "#ProudCatOwner" was released in August 2019 as a promotional single for the album's deluxe edition.


Critical reception

In a positive review, online publication ''HotNewHipHop'' stated that "Despite a sagging middle section, ''?'' features some of X's most nuanced and impressive material to date", adding that "X's commitment to honoring his various influences is admirable, but it may have behooved him to spend a little bit more time on sequencing this artistic kaleidoscope." '' XXL'' gave the album a positive review, and wrote "The album sonically goes every which way—a double-edge sword that can make for a dizzying, disjointed listen at times. Still, ''?'' is X's most stimulating offering to date and with a little more focus on structure and cohesion, X's best work could very well be ahead of him."
Sputnikmusic Sputnikmusic is an American music community website offering music criticism and music news alongside features commonly associated with wiki-style websites. The format of the website is unusual in that it includes both professional and amateur c ...
gave a negative review, saying that "This exercise in granting credence to emotionally stunted, bad musicians is something that is truly stunning to bear witness to." At the 2019 ''Billboard'' Music Awards, ''?'' was nominated for Top ''Billboard'' 200 Album, among other nominations.


Commercial performance

''?'' debuted at number one on the US ''Billboard'' 200 with 131,000 album-equivalent units, with 20,000 pure album sales. It was XXXTentacion's only US number-one album during his lifetime. The album was certified platinum by the
Recording Industry Association of America The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) is a trade organization that represents the music recording industry in the United States. Its members consist of record labels and distributors that the RIAA says "create, manufacture, and/o ...
(RIAA) on August 7, 2018 and was later certified quadruple platinum in 2022. ''?'' also reached number one in Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, New Zealand, Norway, and Sweden. Following XXXTentacion's death, the album reached a new peak of number one in the Netherlands. It also ascended the ''Billboard'' 200 from number twenty-four to three, earning 94,000 units. As well as the United States, the album has been certified platinum in Canada, France, Italy, Sweden, and triple platinum in Denmark. An anniversary deluxe edition of the album was originally going to be released on July 26, 2019, but was pushed back to September 6, 2019, featuring the album's instrumentals, the EP ''
A Ghetto Christmas Carol ''A Ghetto Christmas Carol'' is a Christmas-themed extended play by American rapper and singer XXXTentacion. It was released on December 11, 2017, by Bad Vibes Forever. The production was handled primarily by fellow American record producer, Ronny ...
'' (2017), voice memos from the recording sessions of the album, and new material featuring American rapper
Rico Nasty Maria-Cecilia Simone Kelly (born May 7, 1997), known professionally as Rico Nasty, is an American rapper, singer, and songwriter from Maryland. She rose to prominence in 2018 with singles such as "Smack a Bitch" and "Poppin". While in high schoo ...
and Japanese video game composer Yoko Shimomura.


Track listing

Credits adapted from Tidal, YouTube Music and
iTunes iTunes () is a software program that acts as a media player, media library, mobile device management utility, and the client app for the iTunes Store. Developed by Apple Inc., it is used to purchase, play, download, and organize digital mul ...
. Notes * signifies a co-
producer Producer or producers may refer to: Occupations *Producer (agriculture), a farm operator *A stakeholder of economic production *Film producer, supervises the making of films **Executive producer, contributes to a film's budget and usually does not ...
* "Changes" features uncredited vocals by PnB Rock. X's friend PnB Rock is credited as a songwriter on the track and he makes a special uncredited cameo. * "#ProudCatOwnerRemix" is a remix of the 2017 track "#ProudCatOwner #IHateRappers #IEatPussy" Stylizations * "Introduction (Instructions)" is stylized as "introduction (instructions)". * "Alone, Part 3", "Sad!", "Numb", "Smash!", and "#ProudCatOwnerRemix" are stylized in uppercase letters. For example, "Sad!" is stylized as "SAD!". * "The Remedy for a Broken Heart (Why Am I So in Love)", "I Don't Even Speak Spanish LOL", and "Before I Close My Eyes" are stylized in lowercase letters, except for the word ''I''. * "Infinity (888)", "Going Down!", "Love Yourself", "Changes" and "Schizophenia" are stylized in lowercase letters. For example, "Infinity (888)" is stylized as "infinity (888)". * "Pain = Best Friend" is stylized as "Pain = BESTFRIEND". * "Jah on Drums" is stylized in
sentence case Letter case is the distinction between the letters that are in larger uppercase or capitals (or more formally ''majuscule'') and smaller lowercase (or more formally ''minuscule'') in the written representation of certain languages. The writing ...
.


Personnel

Credits adapted from Tidal and YouTube Music. Performers * XXXTentacion – vocals * Joey Badass – vocals * Travis Barker – drums * Matt Ox – vocals * PnB Rock – vocals * Rio Santana – vocals * Judah – featured artist * Carlos Andrez – featured artist * Yoko Shimomura – piano *
Rico Nasty Maria-Cecilia Simone Kelly (born May 7, 1997), known professionally as Rico Nasty, is an American rapper, singer, and songwriter from Maryland. She rose to prominence in 2018 with singles such as "Smack a Bitch" and "Poppin". While in high schoo ...
– featured artist Musicians * XXXTentacion – guitar , piano * John Cunningham – guitar , piano , drums , keyboards , bass guitar , strings * Robert Soukiasyan – drums , guitar * Travis Barker – drums * Adolfo Mercado – drums * Yoko Shimomura – piano Technical * Dave Kutch – mastering * Robert Soukiasyan – recording , mixing * Kevin Peterson – mastering assistant , mastering * John Cunningham – mixing , recording * John Crawford – recording * Jahseh Onfroy – recording , mixing * Koen Heldens – mixing * Chris Quock – recording assistant * Matt Malpass – recording * Z3N – recording , mixing * Karl Wingate – recording assistant Production * XXXTentacion – production * John Cunningham – production * Robert Soukiasyan – production , co-production * PnB Rock - co-production * Dell Soda – production * P. Soul – production *
TM88 Bryan Lamar Simmons (born April 4, 1987), professionally known as TM88 (also known as TrackMan 88), is an American record producer and DJ from Atlanta, Georgia. He is a member of the Atlanta-based record production and songwriting team 808 Mafi ...
– production * Tre Pounds – production * Den Beats – production * Laron Wages – production * Smash David – production * Rekless – production * Z3N – production


Charts


Weekly charts


Year-end charts


Decade-end charts


Certifications


Release history


References

{{Authority control 2018 albums XXXTentacion albums Albums produced by TM88 Alternative R&B albums Alternative rock albums by American artists