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Krai
A krai or kray (; russian: край, , ''kraya'') is one of the types of federal subjects of modern Russia, and was a type of geographical administrative division in the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR. Etymologically, the word is related to the verb "" (''kroit'''), "to cut". Historically, krais were vast territories located along the periphery of the Russian state, since the word ''krai'' also means ''border'' or ''edge'', i.e., ''a place of the cut-off''. In English the term is often translated as "territory". , the administrative usage of the term is mostly traditional, as some oblasts also fit this description and there is no difference in constitutional legal status in Russia between the krais and the oblasts. See also * Krais of the Russian Empire * Krais of Russia * Governorate-General (Russian Empire), a general term for Krais, Oblasts, and special city municipalities in the Russian Empire *Oblast ;Foreign terms (in relation to the Russian "Krai") with similar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Name Of Ukraine
The name ''Ukraine'' ( uk, Україна, translit=Ukraina , ) was first used in reference to a part of the territory of Kyivan Rus' in the 12th century. The name has been used in a variety of ways since the 12th century, referring to numerous lands on the border between Poland and Kievan Rus' or its successor states. The use of "the Ukraine" is officially deprecated by the Ukrainian government and many English language media publications. ''Ukraine'' is the official full name of the country, as stated in its declaration of independence and its constitution; there is no official alternative long name. From 1922 until 1991, ''Ukraine'' was the informal name of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic within the Soviet Union (annexed by Germany as during 1941–1944). After the Russian Revolution in 1917–1921, there were the short-lived Ukrainian People's Republic and Ukrainian State, recognized in early 1918 as consisting of nine governorates of the former Rus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federal Subjects Of Russia
The federal subjects of Russia, also referred to as the subjects of the Russian Federation (russian: субъекты Российской Федерации, subyekty Rossiyskoy Federatsii) or simply as the subjects of the federation (russian: субъекты федерации, subyekty federatsii), are the constituent entities of Russia, its top-level political divisions according to the Constitution of Russia. Kaliningrad Oblast is the only federal subject geographically separated from the rest of the Russian Federation by other countries. According to the Russian Constitution, the Russian Federation consists of republics, krais, oblasts, cities of federal importance, an autonomous oblast and autonomous okrugs, all of which are equal subjects of the Russian Federation. Three Russian cities of federal importance (Moscow, Saint Petersburg, and Sevastopol) have a status of both city and separate federal subject which comprises other cities and towns ( Zelenograd, Tro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oblast
An oblast (; ; Cyrillic (in most languages, including Russian and Ukrainian): , Bulgarian: ) is a type of administrative division of Belarus, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Ukraine, as well as the Soviet Union and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Official terms in successor states of the Soviet Union differ, but some still use a cognate of the Russian term, e.g., ''vobłasć'' (''voblasts'', ''voblasts'', official orthography: , Taraškievica: , ) is used for regions of Belarus, ' (plural: ') for regions of Kazakhstan, and ''oblusu'' (') for regions of Kyrgyzstan. The term is often translated as "area", "zone", "province" or "region". The last translation may lead to confusion, because "raion" may be used for other kinds of administrative division, which may be translated as "region", "district" or "county" depending on the context. Unlike "province", translations as "area", "zone", and "region" may lead to confusion because they have very common meanings ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oblast
An oblast (; ; Cyrillic (in most languages, including Russian and Ukrainian): , Bulgarian: ) is a type of administrative division of Belarus, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Ukraine, as well as the Soviet Union and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Official terms in successor states of the Soviet Union differ, but some still use a cognate of the Russian term, e.g., ''vobłasć'' (''voblasts'', ''voblasts'', official orthography: , Taraškievica: , ) is used for regions of Belarus, ' (plural: ') for regions of Kazakhstan, and ''oblusu'' (') for regions of Kyrgyzstan. The term is often translated as "area", "zone", "province" or "region". The last translation may lead to confusion, because "raion" may be used for other kinds of administrative division, which may be translated as "region", "district" or "county" depending on the context. Unlike "province", translations as "area", "zone", and "region" may lead to confusion because they have very common meanings ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Political Divisions Of Russia
Russia is divided into several types and levels of subdivisions. Federal subjects Since 30 September 2022, the Russian Federation has consisted of eighty-nine federal subjects that are constituent members of the Federation.Constitution, Article 65 However, six of these federal subjects—the Republic of Crimea, the Donetsk People's Republic, the Kherson Oblast, the Lugansk People's Republic, the federal city of Sevastopol and the Zaporozhye Oblast—are internationally recognized as part of Ukraine. All federal subjects are of equal federal rights in the sense that they have equal representation—two delegates each—in the Federation Council (upper house of the Federal Assembly). They do, however, differ in the degree of autonomy they enjoy. De jure, there are 6 types of federal subjects—24 republics, 9 krais, 48 oblasts, 3 federal cities, 1 autonomous oblast, and 4 autonomous okrugs. Autonomous okrugs are the only one ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russian SFSR or RSFSR ( rus, Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, Rossíyskaya Sovétskaya Federatívnaya Socialistíčeskaya Respúblika, rɐˈsʲijskəjə sɐˈvʲetskəjə fʲɪdʲɪrɐˈtʲivnəjə sətsɨəlʲɪˈsʲtʲitɕɪskəjə rʲɪˈspublʲɪkə, Ru-Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика.ogg), previously known as the Russian Soviet Republic and the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic as well as being unofficially known as Soviet Russia,Declaration of Rights of the laboring and exploited people, article I. the Russian Federation or simply Russia, was an independent federal socialist state from 1917 to 1922, and afterwards the largest and most populous of the Soviet socialist republics of the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1922 to 1991, until becoming a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Krais Of Russia
A krai ( rus, край, r=kray, p=kraj, t=edge) is a type of federal subject of the Russian Federation. The country is divided into 89 federal subjects, of which nine are krais. Oblasts, another type of federal subject, are legally identical to krais and the difference between a political entity with the name "krai" or "oblast" is purely traditional, similar to the commonwealths in the United States; both are constituent entities equivalent in legal status in Russia with representation in the Federation Council. During the Soviet era, the autonomous oblasts could be subordinated to republics or krais, but not to oblasts. Outside of political terminology, both words have very similar general meaning ("region" or "area" in English) and can often be used interchangeably. When a distinction is desirable, "krai" is sometimes translated into English as "territory", while "oblast" can variously be translated to "province" or "region", but both of these translations are also reason ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Krajina
Krajina () is a Slavic toponym, meaning ' frontier' or 'march'. The term is related to ''kraj'' or ''krai'', originally meaning 'edge'Rick Derksen (2008), ''Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon'', Brill: Leiden-Boston, page 244 and today denoting a region or province, usually remote from urban centers. Etymology The Serbo-Croatian word ''krajina'' derives from Proto-Slavic *''krajina'', derived from *''krajь'' 'edge', related to *''krojiti'' 'to cut';''*krajina'' in Oleg Trubačóv (ed.) (1974–), ''Этимологический словарь славянских языков'' tymological dictionary of Slavic languages Moscow: Nauka, volume 12, pages 87-88 the original meaning of ''krajina'' thus seems to have been 'place at an edge, fringe, borderland', as reflected in the meanings of Church Slavonic , ', and Old East Slavic , '.Max Vasmer (1986), ''Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkogo jazyka'' tymological Dictionary of the Russian Language in 4 vols (seco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marches
In medieval Europe, a march or mark was, in broad terms, any kind of borderland, as opposed to a national "heartland". More specifically, a march was a border between realms or a neutral buffer zone under joint control of two states in which different laws might apply. In both of these senses, marches served a political purpose, such as providing warning of military incursions or regulating cross-border trade. Marches gave rise to titles such as marquess (masculine) or marchioness (feminine) in England, ''marqués'' (masculine) and ''marquesa'' (feminine) in Spanish-speaker countries, as well as in the Catalan and Galician regions, ''marquês'' (masculine) and ''marquesa'' (feminine) in Portuguese language, Portuguese-speaker countries, ''markesa'' (both masculine and feminine) in Basque Country (autonomous community), Euskadi, ''marquis'' (masculine) or ''marquise'' (feminine) in France in the Middle Ages, France and Scotland in the Middle Ages, Scotland, margrave (german: Mar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Governorate-General (Russian Empire)
Governorates-General (russian: генерал-губернаторство; ''general-gubernatorstvo'') were a type of administrative-territorial division in the Russian Empire from 1775–1917. Governorates-General usually comprised a set of guberniyas and oblasts. The term was sometimes used to refer to krais or military guberniyas. The Moscow and Saint-Petersburg governorates were placed into a separate governorate-general. Description Governorates-General were governed by governors-general, military leaders of a territory. Governors-General supervised governors, but did not directly participate in the administration of their subordinated guberniyas, except for Moscow and Saint-Petersburg. List of Governorates-General * Governorate-General of Saint-Petersburg * Governorate-General of Moscow * Governorate-General of Azov * Belorussian Governorate-General (1775–1856) * Siberian Governorate-General (1802–1822) ** East-Siberian Governorate-General (1822–1884), split * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Krais Of The Russian Empire
The Russian Empire at various times included the subdivisions known as ''krais'', either formally or informally. Some of these krais were: *Caucasus Krai *Turkestan Krai *Privislinsky Krai *Uriankhaisky Krai *Western Krai ** Northwestern Krai **Southwestern Krai See also *Krais of Russia A krai ( rus, край, r=kray, p=kraj, t=edge) is a type of federal subject of the Russian Federation. The country is divided into 89 federal subjects, of which nine are krais. Oblasts, another type of federal subject, are legally identica ... {{Russia-hist-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kraj
A kraj ( ''kraje'') is the highest-level administrative unit in the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic. For lack of other English expressions, the Slavic term is often translated as "province", "region", or "territory", although it approximately means "(part of) country", or "(part of) countryside". A ''kraj'' is subdivided into ''okresy'' ("districts"). The first ''kraje'' were created in the Kingdom of Bohemia during the reign of Charles IV in the 14th century and they lasted till 1862/68. ''Kraje'' were reintroduced in 1949 in Czechoslovakia and still exist today (except for the early 1990s) in its successor states despite many rearrangements. In Russia nine of the 85 federal subjects are called krais (''края, kraya''), coequal to oblasts. The toponym Krajina refers to several historical regions in Slavic countries. Kraj is also a slang term used for Sauerkraut in European countries. Kraje in the Czech Republic Kraje in Slovakia See also * Bohemia#Traditional ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
