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Crimson
Crimson is a rich, deep red color, inclining to purple. It originally meant the color of the kermes dye produced from a scale insect, '' Kermes vermilio'', but the name is now sometimes also used as a generic term for slightly bluish-red colors that are between red and rose. It is the national color of Nepal. History Crimson (NR4) is produced using the dried bodies of a scale insect, ''Kermes'', which were gathered commercially in Mediterranean countries, where they live on the kermes oak, and sold throughout Europe. Kermes dyes have been found in burial wrappings in Anglo-Scandinavian York. They fell out of use with the introduction of cochineal, also made from scale insects, because although the dyes were comparable in quality and color intensity, it needed ten to twelve times as much kermes to produce the same effect as cochineal. Carmine is the name given to the dye made from the dried bodies of the female cochineal, although the name crimson is sometimes applied t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cochineal
The cochineal ( , ; ''Dactylopius coccus'') is a scale insect in the suborder Sternorrhyncha, from which the natural dye carmine is derived. A primarily sessile parasite native to tropical and subtropical South America through North America ( Mexico and the Southwest United States), this insect lives on cacti in the genus '' Opuntia'', feeding on plant moisture and nutrients. The insects are found on the pads of prickly pear cacti, collected by brushing them off the plants, and dried. The insect produces carminic acid that deters predation by other insects. Carminic acid, typically 17–24% of dried insects' weight, can be extracted from the body and eggs, then mixed with aluminium or calcium salts to make carmine dye, also known as cochineal. Today, carmine is primarily used as a colorant in food and in lipstick ( E120 or Natural Red 4). Carmine dye was used in the Americas for coloring fabrics and became an important export good in the 16th century during the colonial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carmine
Carmine ()also called cochineal (when it is extracted from the cochineal insect), cochineal extract, crimson lake, or carmine lake is a pigment of a bright-red color obtained from the aluminium complex derived from carminic acid. Specific code names for the pigment include natural red 4, C.I. 75470, or E120. ''Carmine'' is also a general term for a particularly deep-red color. Etymology The English word "carmine" is derived from the French word ''carmin'' (12th century), from Medieval Latin ''carminium'', from Persian ''qirmiz'' ("crimson"), which itself derives from Middle Persian ''carmir'' ("red, crimson"). The Persian term ''carmir'' is likely cognate with Sanskrit ''krimiga'' ("insect-produced"), from ''krmi'' ("worm, insect"). The Persian word for "worm, insect" is ''kirm'', and in Iran ( Persia) the red colorant carmine was extracted from the bodies of dead female insects such as ''Kermes vermilio'' and cochineal. The form of the term may also have been i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Purple
Purple is any of a variety of colors with hue between red and blue. In the RGB color model used in computer and television screens, purples are produced by mixing red and blue light. In the RYB color model historically used by painters, purples are created with a combination of red and blue pigments. In the CMYK color model used in printing, purples are made by combining magenta pigment with either cyan pigment, black pigment, or both. Purple has long been associated with royalty, originally because Tyrian purple dye, made from the mucus secretion of a species of snail, was extremely expensive in antiquity. Purple was the color worn by Roman magistrates; it became the imperial color worn by the rulers of the Byzantine Empire and the Holy Roman Empire, and later by Roman Catholic bishops. Similarly in Japan, the color is traditionally associated with the emperor and aristocracy. According to contemporary surveys in Europe and the United States, purple is the color m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kermes (dye)
Kermes is a red dye derived from the dried bodies of the females of a scale insect in the genus '' Kermes'', primarily ''Kermes vermilio''. The ''Kermes'' insects are native in the Mediterranean region and are parasites living on the sap of the host plant, the Kermes oak (''Quercus coccifera'') and the Palestine oak (''Quercus calliprinos''). Amar, ''et al''. (2005), p. 1081 These insects were used as a red dye since antiquity by the ancient Egyptians, Mesopotamians, Indians, Greeks, Romans, and Iranians. The kermes dye is a rich red, a crimson. It has good colour fastness in silk and wool. It was much esteemed in the medieval era for dyeing silk and wool, particularly scarlet cloth. Post-medievally it was replaced by other red dyes, starting with cochineal. Etymology Kermes ultimately derives from the Sanskrit word कृमिज or ''kṛmija'' meaning "worm-made". This was adopted into Persian and later Arabic as قرمز ''qermez''. The modern English word kermes was borr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kermes (genus)
''Kermes'' is a genus of scale insects in the order Hemiptera. They feed on the sap of evergreen oaks; the females produce a red dye, also called " kermes", that is the source of natural crimson Crimson is a rich, deep red color, inclining to purple. It originally meant the color of the kermes dye produced from a scale insect, '' Kermes vermilio'', but the name is now sometimes also used as a generic term for slightly bluish-red co .... The word "kermes" is derived from Persian or Turkish ''qirmiz'' or ''kirmizi'' ( قرمز), "crimson" (both the colour and the dyestuff). There are some 20 species, including: * '' Kermes bacciformis'' Leonardi, 1908 * '' Kermes corticalis'' (Nassonov, 1908) * '' Kermes echinatus'' (Balachowsky, 1953) * '' Kermes gibbosus'' Signoret, 1875 * '' Kermes ilicis'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * '' Kermes roboris'' (Fourcroy, 1785) * '' Kermes vermilio'' Planchon, 1864 References External links Conservation and Art Material Encyclopedia Online ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kermes (insect)
''Kermes'' is a genus of scale insects in the order Hemiptera. They feed on the sap of evergreen oaks; the females produce a red dye, also called " kermes", that is the source of natural crimson Crimson is a rich, deep red color, inclining to purple. It originally meant the color of the kermes dye produced from a scale insect, '' Kermes vermilio'', but the name is now sometimes also used as a generic term for slightly bluish-red co .... The word "kermes" is derived from Persian or Turkish ''qirmiz'' or ''kirmizi'' ( قرمز), "crimson" (both the colour and the dyestuff). There are some 20 species, including: * '' Kermes bacciformis'' Leonardi, 1908 * '' Kermes corticalis'' (Nassonov, 1908) * '' Kermes echinatus'' (Balachowsky, 1953) * '' Kermes gibbosus'' Signoret, 1875 * '' Kermes ilicis'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * '' Kermes roboris'' (Fourcroy, 1785) * '' Kermes vermilio'' Planchon, 1864 References External links Conservation and Art Material Encyclopedia Online ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scale Insect
Scale insects are small insects of the order Hemiptera, suborder Sternorrhyncha. Of dramatically variable appearance and extreme sexual dimorphism, they comprise the infraorder Coccomorpha which is considered a more convenient grouping than the superfamily Coccoidea due to taxonomic uncertainties. Adult females typically have soft bodies and no limbs, and are concealed underneath domed scales, extruding quantities of wax for protection. Some species are hermaphroditic, with a combined ovotestis instead of separate ovaries and testes. Males, in the species where they occur, have legs and sometimes wings, and resemble small flies. Scale insects are herbivores, piercing plant tissues with their mouthparts and remaining in one place, feeding on sap. The excess fluid they imbibe is secreted as honeydew on which sooty mold tends to grow. The insects often have a mutualistic relationship with ants, which feed on the honeydew and protect them from predators. There are about 8,000 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nepal
Nepal (; ne, नेपाल ), formerly the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal ( ne, सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र नेपाल ), is a landlocked country in South Asia. It is mainly situated in the Himalayas, but also includes parts of the Indo-Gangetic Plain, bordering the Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the north, and India in the south, east, and west, while it is narrowly separated from Bangladesh by the Siliguri Corridor, and from Bhutan by the Indian state of Sikkim. Nepal has a diverse geography, including fertile plains, subalpine forested hills, and eight of the world's ten tallest mountains, including Mount Everest, the highest point on Earth. Nepal is a multi-ethnic, multi-lingual, multi-religious and multi-cultural state, with Nepali as the official language. Kathmandu is the nation's capital and the largest city. The name "Nepal" is first recorded in texts from the Vedic period of the I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kermes Oak
''Quercus coccifera'', the kermes oak, is an oak bush in the '' Ilex'' section of the genus. It is native to the Mediterranean region and Northern African Maghreb, south to north from Morocco to France and west to east from Portugal to Cyprus and Turkey, crossing Spain, Italy, Libya, Balkans, and Greece, including Crete. The Kermes Oak was historically important as the food plant of the '' Kermes'' scale insect, from which a red dye called crimson was obtained. The etymology of the specific name ''coccifera'' is related to the production of red cochineal (crimson) dye and derived from Latin coccum which was from Greek κόκκος, the kermes insect. The Latin -fera means 'bearer'. Description ''Quercus coccifera'' is usually a shrub less than high, rarely a small tree, reaching tall (a specimen recorded in Kouf, Libya) and in trunk diameter. It is evergreen, with spiny-serrated coriaceous leaves 1.5–4 cm long and 1–3 cm broad. The acorns are 2–3 cm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kermes Vermilio
''Kermes vermilio'' is a species of '' Kermes'' so which feeds on trees. Some of the species are used by humans to make vermilion; though an at-similar-time-of-discovery mineral form in many cultures is cinnabar (HgS, Mercury Sulphide, crystallized). For details of further chemical alternatives see vermilion. Sister species The word (and dye) crimson is a corruption-derivative of kermes – the organism's genus, chiefly referring to its other species. See also *Cochineal *Armenian cochineal (''kirmiz'') *Vermilion Vermilion (sometimes vermillion) is a color, color family, and pigment most often made, since antiquity until the 19th century, from the powdered mineral cinnabar (a form of mercury sulfide, which is toxic) and its corresponding color. It i ... References Insects described in 1864 Animal dyes Kermesidae {{Coccoidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Madder Lake
Alizarin (also known as 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone, Mordant Red 11, C.I. 58000, and Turkey Red) is an organic compound with formula that has been used throughout history as a prominent red dye, principally for dyeing textile fabrics. Historically it was derived from the roots of plants of the madder genus.The primary madder species from which alizarin historically has been obtained is ''Rubia tinctorum''. See also In 1869, it became the first natural dye to be produced synthetically. Alizarin is the main ingredient for the manufacture of the madder lake pigments known to painters as rose madder and alizarin crimson. Alizarin in the most common usage of the term has a deep red color, but the term is also part of the name for several related non-red dyes, such as Alizarine Cyanine Green and Alizarine Brilliant Blue. A notable use of alizarin in modern times is as a staining agent in biological research because it stains free calcium and certain calcium compounds a red or ligh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alizarin
Alizarin (also known as 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone, Mordant Red 11, C.I. 58000, and Turkey Red) is an organic compound with formula that has been used throughout history as a prominent red dye, principally for dyeing textile fabrics. Historically it was derived from the roots of plants of the madder genus.The primary madder species from which alizarin historically has been obtained is ''Rubia tinctorum''. See also In 1869, it became the first natural dye to be produced synthetically. Alizarin is the main ingredient for the manufacture of the madder lake pigments known to painters as rose madder and alizarin crimson. Alizarin in the most common usage of the term has a deep red color, but the term is also part of the name for several related non-red dyes, such as Alizarine Cyanine Green and Alizarine Brilliant Blue. A notable use of alizarin in modern times is as a staining agent in biological research because it stains free calcium and certain calcium compounds a red or ligh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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