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Calafat
Calafat () is a city in Dolj County, southern Romania, in the region of Oltenia. It lies on the river Danube, opposite the Bulgarian city of Vidin, to which it is linked by the Calafat-Vidin Bridge, opened in 2013. After the destruction of the bridges of late antiquity, for centuries Calafat was connected with the southern bank of the Danube by boat, and later on by ferryboat. The city administers three villages: Basarabi,Golenți and Ciupercenii Vechi. History It was founded in the 14th century by Genoese colonists. These colonists generally employed large numbers of workmen (''Calafatis'') in repairing ships. This industry gave the town its name. In January 1854, during the Crimean War, when Russian forces were headed up the Danube, Ahmed Pasha, commanding the Turkish forces at Calafat, made a surprise attack on the temporary Russian garrison nearby Cetate, which was under the command of Colonel . This diverted the initial Russian attack and allowed Ahmed Pasha to cons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calafat-Vidin Bridge
The New Europe Bridge ( bg, Мостът Нова Европа, Mostŭt Nova Evropa; ro, Podul Noua Europă) is a road and rail bridge between the cities of Vidin, Bulgaria, and Calafat, Romania. It is the second bridge on the shared section of the Danube between the two countries. It is an extradosed bridge and was built by the Spanish company Fomento de Construcciones y Contratas, at the cost of €226 million. It was officially opened with a ceremony held on 14 June 2013. The first vehicles were allowed to cross the bridge after midnight, on 15 June 2013. It was previously known as Danube Bridge 2 ( bg, Дунав мост 2, Dunav most 2; ro, Podul 2 peste Dunăre) and informally called the Vidin–Calafat Bridge or Calafat–Vidin Bridge ( bg, Мост Видин–Калафат, Most Vidin–Kalafat; ro, Podul Calafat–Vidin). The latter is the most common name it receives in Romania. History and geography As early as in 1909 the local authorities in Vidin (in Bulga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Danube Bridge 2
The New Europe Bridge ( bg, Мостът Нова Европа, Mostŭt Nova Evropa; ro, Podul Noua Europă) is a road and rail bridge between the cities of Vidin, Bulgaria, and Calafat, Romania. It is the second bridge on the shared section of the Danube between the two countries. It is an extradosed bridge and was built by the Spanish company Fomento de Construcciones y Contratas, at the cost of €226 million. It was officially opened with a ceremony held on 14 June 2013. The first vehicles were allowed to cross the bridge after midnight, on 15 June 2013. It was previously known as Danube Bridge 2 ( bg, Дунав мост 2, Dunav most 2; ro, Podul 2 peste Dunăre) and informally called the Vidin–Calafat Bridge or Calafat–Vidin Bridge ( bg, Мост Видин–Калафат, Most Vidin–Kalafat; ro, Podul Calafat–Vidin). The latter is the most common name it receives in Romania. History and geography As early as in 1909 the local authorities in Vidin (in Bulga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siege Of Calafat
The siege of Calafat took place in 1854 during the Crimean War. The Russians unsuccessfully besieged the Ottoman army at this place for four months before finally withdrawing. In July 1853, the Russian army invaded the Principality of Wallachia, which was an Ottoman vassal. Their army had some 91,000 men under the command of Prince Gorchakoff, with some 240 field artillery and 90 siege guns. In response, war was declared by the Ottomans and they assembled an army of some 60–70,000 under the command of Omar Pasha. The Ottomans had several fortified fortresses on the southern side of the Danube river, of which Vidin was one. The Turks made several plans to advance into Wallachia. On 28 October their army in Vidin crossed the Danube and established itself at the village of Calafat, and started building fortifications. Another army crossed the Danube at Ruse on 1-2 November in a feint attack to lure the Russians away from Calafat. This operation was unsuccessful and they retreate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dolj County
Dolj County (; originally meant ''Dol(no)- Jiu'', "lower Jiu", as opposed to '' Gorj'' (''upper Jiu'')) is a county ( județ) of Romania on the border with Bulgaria, in Oltenia, with the capital city at Craiova. Demographics In 2011, the county had a population of 660,544 and a population density of . * Romanians – over 96% * Romani – 3% * Other minorities – 1% Geography This county has a total area of . The entire area is a plain with the Danube on the south forming a wide valley crossed by the Jiu River in the middle. Other small rivers flow through the county, each one forming a small valley. There are some lakes across the county and many ponds and channels in the Danube valley. 6% of the county's area is a desert. Neighbours * Olt County to the east. * Mehedinți County to the west. * Gorj County and Vâlcea County to the north. *Bulgaria – Vidin Province to the southwest, Montana and Vratsa provinces to the south. Economy Agriculture is th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crimean War
The Crimean War, , was fought from October 1853 to February 1856 between Russia and an ultimately victorious alliance of the Ottoman Empire, France, the United Kingdom and Piedmont-Sardinia. Geopolitical causes of the war included the decline of the Ottoman Empire, the expansion of the Russian Empire in the preceding Russo-Turkish Wars, and the British and French preference to preserve the Ottoman Empire to maintain the balance of power in the Concert of Europe. The flashpoint was a disagreement over the rights of Christian minorities in Palestine, then part of the Ottoman Empire, with the French promoting the rights of Roman Catholics, and Russia promoting those of the Eastern Orthodox Church. The churches worked out their differences with the Ottomans and came to an agreement, but both the French Emperor Napoleon III and the Russian Tsar Nicholas I refused to back down. Nicholas issued an ultimatum that demanded the Orthodox subjects of the Ottoman Empire be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Cetate
The Battle of Cetate was fought during the Crimean War. In this battle a large Ottoman force under Ahmed Pasha unsuccessfully attempted to capture the village of Cetate which was controlled by Russian Colonel . Background The battle took place during the Danube campaign of the Crimean War. In the build-up to the war, Russia occupied the Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia, positioning troops on the left (northern) bank of the Danube, which formed the border with Ottoman territory. The Ottoman Empire had responded by moving troops to the right bank to face them. In the west, on the border with Austria and Serbia, Russian troops in Cetate were faced by Ottoman forces in the fortress of Vidin. Following the Ottoman ultimatum on 4 October 1853 to withdraw within 2 weeks, Ottoman forces under Ahmed Pasha crossed the river and occupied the town of Calafat, which they fortified as a bridgehead. Battle On 31 December 1853 Ahmed Pasha and a force of several thousand c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vidin
Vidin ( bg, Видин, ; Old Romanian: Diiu) is a port city on the southern bank of the Danube in north-western Bulgaria. It is close to the borders with Romania and Serbia, and is also the administrative centre of Vidin Province, as well as of the Metropolitan of Vidin (since 870). An agricultural and trade centre, Vidin has a fertile hinterland renowned for its wines. Name The name is archaically spelled as ''Widdin'' in English. Old name ''Dunonia'' itself meant "fortified hill" in Celtic with the typically ''dun'' found frequently in Celtic place names. Geography Vidin is the westernmost important Bulgarian Danube port and is situated on one of the southernmost sections of the river. The New Europe Bridge, completed in 2013, connects Vidin to the Romanian town of Calafat on the opposite bank of the Danube. Previously, a ferry located from the town was in use for that purpose. History Vidin emerged at the place of an old Celtic settlement known as ''Dunonia''. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Carl Von Anrep
Joseph Carl von Anrep (russian: Иосиф Романович Анреп; ''Iosif Romanovich Anrep-Elmpt''; 1796 – 28 June 1860) was a Baltic German general during the Crimean War. He was a member of the Russian branch of the Anrep family, the son of Heinrich Reinhold von Anrep, a general of the Russian cavalry during the Napoleonic Wars. Biography Anrep married Cecelia Julie Philippine Elmpt. Leonhard von Stryk (1877) ''Beiträge zur Geschichte der Rittergüter Livlands'' C. Mattiesen, Dorpat, Germany (now Tartu, Estonia), Volume 1, page 354, , in German On 6 May 1853, by edict of the Tzar, he was styled Count Anrep-Elmpt in order to preserve the title of his wife's grandfather, Count von Elmpt, who had no other heir. At the start of the Crimean War, Anrep was a colonel in Russian army, but he was quickly promoted to general. He commanded the Russian troops at the siege of Calafat.Jaques, Tony (2007) ''Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A guide to 8,500 battles from antiquity ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Municipiu
A municipiu (from Latin ''municipium''; English: municipality) is a level of administrative subdivision in Romania and Moldova, roughly equivalent to city in some English-speaking countries. In Romania, this status is given to towns that are large and urbanized; at present, there are 103 ''municipii''. There is no clear benchmark regarding the status of ''municipiu'' even though it applies to localities which have a sizeable population, usually above 15,000, and extensive urban infrastructure. Localities that do not meet these loose guidelines are classified only as towns ('' orașe''), or if they are not urban areas, as communes (''comune''). Cities are governed by a mayor and local council. There are no official administrative subdivisions of cities even though, unofficially, municipalities may be divided into quarters/districts (''cartiere'' in Romanian). The exception to this is Bucharest, which has a status similar to that of a county, and is officially subdivided into six a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zaječar
Zaječar ( sr-Cyrl, Зајечар, ; ro, Zaicear or ) is a city and the administrative center of the Zaječar District in eastern Serbia. According to the 2011 census, the city administrative area has a population of 59,461 inhabitants. Zaječar is widely known for its rock music festival '' Gitarijada'' and for the festival dedicated to contemporary art '' ZALET''. Name In Serbian, the city is known as ''Zaječar'' (; in Romanian as ''Zaicear'', ''Zăiicer'' (archaic name), ''Zăiceri'', ''Zăicear'' or ''Zăiceari''; in Macedonian as and in Bulgarian as (''Zaychar''). The origin of the name is from the Torlak dialect name for "hare" = ''zajec'' / (in all other Serbian dialects it is ''zec'' / , while in Bulgarian it is / zaek"). It means "the man who breeds and keeps hares". Folk etymology in Romanian, gives "Zăiicer" as meaning "the Gods are asking (for sacrifice)". Early renderings of the city in English used ''Saitchar''. History Ancient Three Roman Emper ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cetate, Dolj
Cetate is a commune in Dolj County, Oltenia, Romania. It is composed of two villages, Cetate and Moreni. Its population is 5,368 (2011), of which 4,781 in Cetate proper and 587 in Moreni. 2011 census, National Institute of Statistics. In January 1854, during the , Cetate was the scen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Municipiu
A municipiu (from Latin ''municipium''; English: municipality) is a level of administrative subdivision in Romania and Moldova, roughly equivalent to city in some English-speaking countries. In Romania, this status is given to towns that are large and urbanized; at present, there are 103 ''municipii''. There is no clear benchmark regarding the status of ''municipiu'' even though it applies to localities which have a sizeable population, usually above 15,000, and extensive urban infrastructure. Localities that do not meet these loose guidelines are classified only as towns ('' orașe''), or if they are not urban areas, as communes (''comune''). Cities are governed by a mayor and local council. There are no official administrative subdivisions of cities even though, unofficially, municipalities may be divided into quarters/districts (''cartiere'' in Romanian). The exception to this is Bucharest, which has a status similar to that of a county, and is officially subdivided into six a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
