Wars involving Russia
   HOME

TheInfoList



Click Here for Items Related To - Wars involving Russia
OR:
Wars involving Russia on:   [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Amazon]

This is a list of
war War is an armed conflict between the armed forces of states, or between governmental forces and armed groups that are organized under a certain command structure and have the capacity to sustain military operations, or between such organi ...
s and armed conflicts involving
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
and its predecessors in chronological order, from the 9th to the 21st century. The Russian military and troops of its predecessor states in Russia took part in a large number of wars and armed clashes in various parts of the world: starting from the princely squads, opposing the raids of nomads, and fighting for the expansion of the territory of
Kievan Rus' Kievan Rus', also known as Kyivan Rus,. * was the first East Slavs, East Slavic state and later an amalgam of principalities in Eastern Europe from the late 9th to the mid-13th century.John Channon & Robert Hudson, ''Penguin Historical At ...
. Following the disintegration of Kievan Rus', the emergence of the
Principality of Moscow A principality (or sometimes princedom) is a type of monarchical state or feudal territory ruled by a prince or princess. It can be either a sovereign state or a constituent part of a larger political entity. The term "principality" is often ...
and then the centralized Russian state saw a period of significant territorial growth of the state centred in
Moscow Moscow is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, standing on the Moskva (river), Moskva River in Central Russia. It has a population estimated at over 13 million residents with ...
and then
St. Petersburg Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea. The city had a population of 5,601, ...
during the 15th to 20th centuries, marked by wars of conquest in Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, the Volga region, Siberia, Central Asia and the Far East, the world wars of the early 20th century, the proxy wars of the
Cold War The Cold War was a period of global Geopolitics, geopolitical rivalry between the United States (US) and the Soviet Union (USSR) and their respective allies, the capitalist Western Bloc and communist Eastern Bloc, which lasted from 1947 unt ...
, and today. The list includes: * external wars * foreign intervention in domestic conflicts * anti-colonial uprisings of the peoples conquered during the Russian expansion * princely feuds * peasant uprisings * revolutions Legend of results:


Kievan Rus'


Principality of Moscow (1263–1547)


Tsardom of Russia (1547–1721)

{, class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;" ! style="width:75px" , Date ! style="width:277px" , Conflict ! style="width:101px" , Location ! style="width:170px" , Russia and its allies ! style="width:220px" , Opponent(s) ! style="width:340px" , Result , - , 1552 ,
Siege of Kazan The siege of Kazan or Fall of Kazan in 1552 was the final battle of the Russo-Kazan Wars and led to the fall of the Khanate of Kazan. Conflict continued after the fall of Kazan, however, as rebel governments formed in Çalım and Mişätamaq ...
,
Tatarstan Tatarstan, officially the Republic of Tatarstan, sometimes also called Tataria, is a Republics of Russia, republic of Russia located in Eastern Europe. It is a part of the Volga Federal District; and its capital city, capital and largest city i ...
,
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
,
Khanate of Kazan The Khanate of Kazan was a Tatar state that occupied the territory of the former Volga Bulgaria between 1438 and 1552. The khanate covered contemporary Tatarstan, Mari El, Chuvashia, Mordovia, and parts of Udmurtia and Bashkortostan; ...
, style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * The annexation of
Kazan Kazan; , IPA: Help:IPA/Tatar, ɑzanis the largest city and capital city, capital of Tatarstan, Russia. The city lies at the confluence of the Volga and the Kazanka (river), Kazanka Rivers, covering an area of , with a population of over 1. ...
into Russia , - , 1552–1556 , Tatar Rebellion ,
Tatarstan Tatarstan, officially the Republic of Tatarstan, sometimes also called Tataria, is a Republics of Russia, republic of Russia located in Eastern Europe. It is a part of the Volga Federal District; and its capital city, capital and largest city i ...
,
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
,
Tatar Tatar may refer to: Peoples * Tatars, an umbrella term for different Turkic ethnic groups bearing the name "Tatar" * Volga Tatars, a people from the Volga-Ural region of western Russia * Crimean Tatars, a people from the Crimea peninsula by the B ...
rebels , style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * The rebellion is crushed , - , 1554–1557 , Ivan the Terrible's Swedish War ,
Karelia Karelia (; Karelian language, Karelian and ; , historically Коре́ла, ''Korela'' []; ) is an area in Northern Europe of historical significance for Russia (including the Soviet Union, Soviet era), Finland, and Sweden. It is currentl ...
,
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
,
Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north, and Finland to the east. At , Sweden is the largest Nordic count ...
, Inconclusive * Treaty of Novgorod , - , 1556 , Russian conquest of Astrakhan ,
Astrakhan Astrakhan (, ) is the largest city and administrative centre of Astrakhan Oblast in southern Russia. The city lies on two banks of the Volga, in the upper part of the Volga Delta, on eleven islands of the Caspian Depression, from the Caspian Se ...
,
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
,
Astrakhan Khanate The Khanate of Astrakhan was a Tatar rump state of the Golden Horde. The khanate existed in the 15th and 16th centuries in the area adjacent to the mouth of the Volga river, around the modern city of Astrakhan. Its khans claimed patrilineal de ...
, style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * The annexation of
Astrakhan Astrakhan (, ) is the largest city and administrative centre of Astrakhan Oblast in southern Russia. The city lies on two banks of the Volga, in the upper part of the Volga Delta, on eleven islands of the Caspian Depression, from the Caspian Se ...
into Russia , - , 1558–1562 , Ivan the Terrible's Livonian Campaign , Livonia ,
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
,
Livonian Confederation Terra Mariana (Medieval Latin for 'Land of Mary') was the formal name for Medieval Livonia or Old Livonia. It was formed in the aftermath of the Livonian Crusade, and its territories were composed of present-day Estonia and Latvia. It was estab ...
, style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * Destruction of the Livonian state * Truce with Poland and Lithuania , - , 1562–1570 , Russo-Lithuanian War , Northern Europe ,
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
,
Polish–Lithuanian union Polish–Lithuanian can refer to: * Polish–Lithuanian union (1385–1569) * Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795) * Polish-Lithuanian identity as used to describe groups, families, or individuals with histories in the Polish–Lithuania ...
, style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory , - , 1558–1583 ,
Livonian War The Livonian War (1558–1583) concerned control of Terra Mariana, Old Livonia (in the territory of present-day Estonia and Latvia). The Tsardom of Russia faced a varying coalition of the Denmark–Norway, Dano-Norwegian Realm, the Kingdom ...
, Northern Europe , , , style="background:#F6E4E7" , Defeat * Truce of Jam Zapolski * Treaty of Plussa , - , 1568–1570 , Astrakhan Expedition ,
Astrakhan Astrakhan (, ) is the largest city and administrative centre of Astrakhan Oblast in southern Russia. The city lies on two banks of the Volga, in the upper part of the Volga Delta, on eleven islands of the Caspian Depression, from the Caspian Se ...
and
Azov Azov (, ), previously known as Azak ( Turki/ Kypchak: ), is a town in Rostov Oblast, Russia, situated on the Don River just from the Sea of Azov, which derives its name from the town. The population is History Early settlements in the vici ...
,
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
, , style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * Treaty of Constantinople (1570) , - , 1570–1572 , Ivan the Terrible's Crimean War ,
European Russia European Russia is the western and most populated part of the Russia, Russian Federation. It is geographically situated in Europe, as opposed to the country's sparsely populated and vastly larger eastern part, Siberia, which is situated in Asia ...
,
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
,
Crimean Khanate The Crimean Khanate, self-defined as the Throne of Crimea and Desht-i Kipchak, and in old European historiography and geography known as Little Tartary, was a Crimean Tatars, Crimean Tatar state existing from 1441 to 1783, the longest-lived of th ...
, style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * The Crimean Tatars burn Moscow in 1571 * The Russians defeat the Crimean Tatars at the
Battle of Molodi The Battle of Molodi (Russian: Би́тва при Мóлодях) was one of the key battles of Ivan the Terrible's reign. It was fought near the village of Molodi, south of Moscow, in July–August 1572 between the 120,000 horde of Devlet ...
in 1572 * The independence of Russia and its conquests in the Volga region preserved , - , 1580–1762 ,
Russian conquest of Siberia The Russian conquest of Siberia took place during 1581–1778, when the Khanate of Sibir became a loose political structure of vassalages that were being undermined by the activities of Russian explorers. Although outnumbered, the Russians pr ...
,
Siberia Siberia ( ; , ) is an extensive geographical region comprising all of North Asia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. It has formed a part of the sovereign territory of Russia and its predecessor states ...
,
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
*
Cossacks The Cossacks are a predominantly East Slavic languages, East Slavic Eastern Christian people originating in the Pontic–Caspian steppe of eastern Ukraine and southern Russia. Cossacks played an important role in defending the southern borde ...
* Pro-Russian native Siberians ,
Khanate of Sibir The Khanate of Sibir (; ) was a Tatar state in western Siberia. It was founded at the end of the 15th century, following the break-up of the Golden Horde.Сибирское ханство // Большая советская энцикл ...
(until 1598) Native Siberians , style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * The start of Russian annexation of
Siberia Siberia ( ; , ) is an extensive geographical region comprising all of North Asia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. It has formed a part of the sovereign territory of Russia and its predecessor states ...
, - , 1590–1595 , Boris Godunov's Swedish War , Northern Europe ,
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
,
Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north, and Finland to the east. At , Sweden is the largest Nordic count ...
, Inconclusive *
Treaty of Teusina The Treaty of Teusina (, Russian: ''Тя́взинский ми́рный догово́р'') was concluded by Russian diplomats under the boyar Afanasiy Pushkin and ambassadors of the Swedish king at the village of (, ) in Ingria on 18 May 159 ...
* Мutual territorial concessions , - , 1605–1618 , Polish invasions of Russia , Russia , , Poland–Lithuania , style="background:#F6E4E7" , Defeat , - , 1606–1607 , Bolotnikov Rebellion , Russia ,
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
, Rebels under
Ivan Bolotnikov Ivan Isayevich Bolotnikov (; 1565–1608) headed a popular uprising in Russia in 1606–1607 known as the Bolotnikov Rebellion (''Восстание Ивана Болотникова''). The uprising formed part of the Time of Troubles in Russia ...
, style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * The rebellion is crushed , - , 1610–1617 ,
Ingrian War The Ingrian War () was a conflict fought between the Swedish Empire and the Tsardom of Russia which lasted between 1610 and 1617. It can be seen as part of Russia's Time of Troubles, and is mainly remembered for the attempt to put a Swedish duk ...
, Russia ,
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
,
Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north, and Finland to the east. At , Sweden is the largest Nordic count ...
, style="background:#F6E4E7" , Defeat *
Treaty of Stolbovo The Treaty of Stolbovo (; ) was a peace treaty that ended the Ingrian War (), which had been fought between the Swedish Empire and the Russian Tsardom between 1610 and 1617. History After nearly two months of negotiations, representatives from ...
, - , 1632–1634 ,
Smolensk War The Smolensk War (1632–1634) was a conflict fought between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Russia. Hostilities began in October 1632 when Russian forces tried to capture the city of Smolensk. Small military engagements produced mix ...
,
Smolensk Smolensk is a city and the administrative center of Smolensk Oblast, Russia, located on the Dnieper River, west-southwest of Moscow. First mentioned in 863, it is one of the oldest cities in Russia. It has been a regional capital for most of ...
,
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
, Poland–Lithuania , style="background:#F6E4E7" , Defeat *
Treaty of Polyanovka The Treaty of Polyanovka, also known as the Peace of Polyanovka (; ) was a peace treaty signed on 14 June 1634 between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Tsardom of Russia in the village of located near the river between Vyazma and ...
, - , 1651–1653 , Alexis I's Persian War ,
North Caucasus The North Caucasus, or Ciscaucasia, is a subregion in Eastern Europe governed by Russia. It constitutes the northern part of the wider Caucasus region, which separates Europe and Asia. The North Caucasus is bordered by the Sea of Azov and the B ...
,
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
,
Persia Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...
, style="background:#F6E4E7" , Defeat , - , 1652–1689 , Sino–Russian border conflicts ,
Heilongjiang Heilongjiang is a province in northeast China. It is the northernmost and easternmost province of the country and contains China's northernmost point (in Mohe City along the Amur) and easternmost point (at the confluence of the Amur and Us ...
and
Amur The Amur River () or Heilong River ( zh, s=黑龙江) is a perennial river in Northeast Asia, forming the natural border between the Russian Far East and Northeast China (historically the Outer Manchuria, Outer and Inner Manchuria). The Amur ...
, , , style="background:#F6E4E7" , Defeat *
Treaty of Nerchinsk The Treaty of Nerchinsk of 1689 was the first treaty between the Tsardom of Russia and the Qing dynasty of China after the defeat of Russia by Qing China at the Siege of Albazin in 1686. The Russians gave up the area north of the Amur River as ...
, - , 1654–1667 , First Northern War , Eastern Europe ,
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
*
Cossack Hetmanate The Cossack Hetmanate (; Cossack Hetmanate#Name, see other names), officially the Zaporozhian Host (; ), was a Ukrainian Cossacks, Cossack state. Its territory was located mostly in central Ukraine, as well as in parts of Belarus and southwest ...
, , style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory *
Truce of Andrusovo The Truce of Andrusovo (, , also sometimes known as Treaty of Andrusovo) established a thirteen-and-a-half year truce, signed on between the Tsardom of Russia and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, which had fought the Russo-Polish War sin ...
, - , 1656–1658 ,
Second Northern War The second (symbol: s) is a unit of time derived from the division of the day first into 24 hours, then to 60 minutes, and finally to 60 seconds each (24 × 60 × 60 = 86400). The current and formal definition in the International System of ...
, Northern Europe ,
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
,
Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north, and Finland to the east. At , Sweden is the largest Nordic count ...
, Inconclusive *
Treaty of Valiesar The Treaty of Valiesar (, ) was a treaty between Russia and Sweden, which concluded the Russo-Swedish theater of the Second Northern War. It was signed in the estate of Valiesar (Vallisaare) near Narva on 20 December 1658 (hence, the name). Russia ...
*
Treaty of Cardis The Treaty of Cardis was a peace settlement made in 1661 between the Tsardom of Russia and the Swedish Empire. This particular agreement ended the Russo-Swedish War of 1656–1658. It took place in Cardis Manor (now Kärde) in Estonia. Based on ...
, - , 1662–1664 , First Bashkir Rebellion ,
Bashkortostan Bashkortostan, officially the Republic of Bashkortostan, sometimes also called Bashkiria, is a republic of Russia between the Volga river and the Ural Mountains in Eastern Europe. The republic borders Perm Krai to the north, Sverdlovsk Oblast ...
,
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
, Bashkir rebels , Inconclusive; political defeat * The Russian government was forced to accept Bashkir demands , - , 1670–1671 , Razin's Rebellion , Russia ,
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
,
Cossacks The Cossacks are a predominantly East Slavic languages, East Slavic Eastern Christian people originating in the Pontic–Caspian steppe of eastern Ukraine and southern Russia. Cossacks played an important role in defending the southern borde ...
under
Stepan Razin Stepan Timofeyevich Razin (, ; c. 1630 – ), known as Stenka Razin ( ), was a Don Cossack leader who led a major uprising against the nobility and tsarist bureaucracy in southern Russia in 1670–1671. Early life Razin's father, Timofey Ra ...
, style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * The rebellion is crushed , - , 1676–1681 , Feodor III's Turkish War ,
Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...
,
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
, , Indecisive *
Treaty of Bakhchisarai The Treaty of Bakhchisarai or Treaty of Radzin, (; ) was signed in Bakhchysarai, which ended the Russo-Turkish War (1676–1681), on 3 January 1681 by Russia, the Ottoman Empire, and the Crimean Khanate. They agreed to a 20-year truce and had ac ...
, - , 1683–1700 ,
Great Turkish War The Great Turkish War () or The Last Crusade, also called in Ottoman sources The Disaster Years (), was a series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League (1684), Holy League consisting of the Holy Roman Empire, Polish–Lith ...
, Eastern Europe , , , style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * Treaty of Constantinople * Russia stops paying regular tribute to Crimea , - , rowspan=2 , 1700–1721 , rowspan=2 ,
Great Northern War In the Great Northern War (1700–1721) a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in Northern Europe, Northern, Central Europe, Central and Eastern Europe. The initial leaders of the ant ...
, rowspan=2 , Europe , rowspan=2 , , rowspan=2 , , style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory against
Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north, and Finland to the east. At , Sweden is the largest Nordic count ...
*
Treaty of Nystad The Treaty of Nystad, or the Treaty of Uusikaupunki, was the last peace treaty of the Great Northern War of 1700–1721. It was concluded between the Tsardom of Russia and the Swedish Empire on in the then Swedish town of Nystad (, in th ...
, - , style="background:#F6E4E7" , Defeat by
Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...
*
Treaty of the Pruth The Treaty of the Pruth was signed on the banks of the river Prut between the Ottoman Empire and the Tsardom of Russia on 23 July 1711 ending the Russo-Turkish War of 1710–1713 with the assistance of Peter Shafirov. The treaty was a politic ...
, - , 1704–1711 , Third Bashkir Rebellion ,
Bashkortostan Bashkortostan, officially the Republic of Bashkortostan, sometimes also called Bashkiria, is a republic of Russia between the Volga river and the Ural Mountains in Eastern Europe. The republic borders Perm Krai to the north, Sverdlovsk Oblast ...
and
Tatarstan Tatarstan, officially the Republic of Tatarstan, sometimes also called Tataria, is a Republics of Russia, republic of Russia located in Eastern Europe. It is a part of the Volga Federal District; and its capital city, capital and largest city i ...
,
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
, Bashkir rebels , Military victory, political defeat * Russian government forced to accept some Bashkir demands , - , 1707–1708 ,
Bulavin Rebellion The Bulavin Rebellion or Astrakhan Revolt (; Восстание Булавина, ''Vosstaniye Bulavina'') was a war which took place in the years 1707 and 1708 between the Don Cossacks and the Tsardom of Russia. Kondraty Bulavin, a democratica ...
, Southern Russia ,
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
,
Don Cossack Don Cossacks (, ) or Donians (, ), are Cossacks who settled along the middle and lower Don. Historically, they lived within the former Don Cossack Host (, ), which was either an independent or an autonomous democratic republic in present-da ...
rebels , style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * The rebellion is crushed , - , 1717 , Peter the Great's Khivan War ,
Khanate of Khiva The Khanate of Khiva (, , uz-Latn-Cyrl, Xiva xonligi, Хива хонлиги, , ) was a Central Asian polity that existed in the historical region of Khwarazm, Khorezm from 1511 to 1920, except for a period of Afsharid Iran, Afsharid occupat ...
,
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
,
Khanate of Khiva The Khanate of Khiva (, , uz-Latn-Cyrl, Xiva xonligi, Хива хонлиги, , ) was a Central Asian polity that existed in the historical region of Khwarazm, Khorezm from 1511 to 1920, except for a period of Afsharid Iran, Afsharid occupat ...
, style="background:#F6E4E7" , Defeat * Russian invasion repelled , - , 1717–1731 , War with Abulhair ,
Kazakhstan Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a landlocked country primarily in Central Asia, with a European Kazakhstan, small portion in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the Kazakhstan–Russia border, north and west, China to th ...
and
Siberia Siberia ( ; , ) is an extensive geographical region comprising all of North Asia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. It has formed a part of the sovereign territory of Russia and its predecessor states ...
, {{ubli, {{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia , Kazakh Khanate , style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory{{sfn, Terentyev, 2022, p=43 * Minor
Jüz A jüz (; , , also translated as ' horde') is one of the three main territorial and tribal divisions in the Kypchak Plain area that covers much of the contemporary Kazakhstan. It represents the main tribal division within the ethnic group of the ...
becomes a Russian vassal


Russian Empire (1721–1917)

{, class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;" ! style="width:75px" , Date ! style="width:277px" , Conflict ! style="width:101px" , Location ! style="width:170px" , Russia and its allies ! style="width:220px" , Opponent(s) ! style="width:340px" , Result , - , 1722–1723 , Persian Expedition of Peter the Great ,
Caucasus The Caucasus () or Caucasia (), is a region spanning Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is situated between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, comprising parts of Southern Russia, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The Caucasus Mountains, i ...
and northern
Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...
, {{ubli, {{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia,
Cossack Hetmanate The Cossack Hetmanate (; Cossack Hetmanate#Name, see other names), officially the Zaporozhian Host (; ), was a Ukrainian Cossacks, Cossack state. Its territory was located mostly in central Ukraine, as well as in parts of Belarus and southwest ...
,
Armenia Armenia, officially the Republic of Armenia, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of West Asia. It is a part of the Caucasus region and is bordered by Turkey to the west, Georgia (country), Georgia to the north and Azerbaijan to ...
,
Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the South Caucasus * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the southeastern United States Georgia may also refer to: People and fictional characters * Georgia (name), a list of pe ...
,
Persia Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...
, style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * Treaty of Saint Petersburg , - , 1725–1778 , Russian conquest of Chukotka , Chukotka , {{ubli, {{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia,
Chuvans Chuvans () are one of the forty or so "Indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East" recognized by the Russian government. Most Chuvans today live within Chukotka Autonomous Okrug in the far northeast of Russia. Bas ...
,
Koryaks Koryaks () are an Indigenous people#North Asia, Indigenous people of the Russian Far East who live immediately north of the Kamchatka Peninsula in Kamchatka Krai and inhabit the coastlands of the Bering Sea. The cultural borders of the Koryaks i ...
,
Yukagirs The Yukaghirs, or Yukagirs ( (), ), are a Siberian ethnic group in the Russian Far East, living in the basin of the Kolyma River. Geographic distribution The Tundra Yukaghirs live in the Lower Kolyma region in the Sakha Republic; the Taiga Y ...
,
Chukchi people The Chukchi, or Chukchee (, ''ḷygʺoravètḷʹèt, o'ravètḷʹèt''), are a Siberian ethnic group native to the Chukchi Peninsula, the shores of the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea region of the Arctic Ocean all within modern Russia. They s ...
, Inconclusive * Attempts to impose a tribute failed in the long run. * The Chukchi accepted the agreement on submission, while maintaining a high degree of autonomy. , - , 1733–1738 ,
War of the Polish Succession The War of the Polish Succession (; 1733–35) was a major European conflict sparked by a civil war in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth over the succession to Augustus II the Strong, which the other European powers widened in pursuit of ...
Rhineland The Rhineland ( ; ; ; ) is a loosely defined area of Western Germany along the Rhine, chiefly Middle Rhine, its middle section. It is the main industrial heartland of Germany because of its many factories, and it has historic ties to the Holy ...
, Poland , {{ubli,
Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...
under {{flagicon image, Coat of Arms of Wettin kings of Poland.svg, size=15px, border=no
Augustus III Augustus III (; – "the Saxon"; ; 17 October 1696 5 October 1763) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1733 until 1763, as well as Elector of Saxony in the Holy Roman Empire where he was known as Frederick Augustus II (). He w ...
, {{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia, {{flag, Habsburg Monarchy, name=Austria, {{flagcountry, Electorate of Saxony, name=Saxony, {{flagcountry, Prussia , {{ubli, Poland–Lithuania under {{flagicon image, POL COA Wieniawa.svg, size=15px, border=no
Stanisław Leszczyński Stanisław I Leszczyński (Stanisław Bogusław; 20 October 1677 – 23 February 1766), also Anglicized and Latinized as Stanislaus I, was twice King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, and at various times Prince of Deux-Ponts, Duk ...
, {{flagcountry, Kingdom of France, {{flag, Spain, 1701, {{flag, Kingdom of Sardinia, name=Sardinia , Indecisive * Treaty of Vienna , - , 1735–1739 , Russo-Austro-Turkish War , Eastern Europe , {{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia *
Cossack Hetmanate The Cossack Hetmanate (; Cossack Hetmanate#Name, see other names), officially the Zaporozhian Host (; ), was a Ukrainian Cossacks, Cossack state. Its territory was located mostly in central Ukraine, as well as in parts of Belarus and southwest ...
{{flagicon, Habsburg Monarchy
Austria Austria, formally the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine Federal states of Austria, states, of which the capital Vienna is the List of largest cities in Aust ...
, {{flag, Ottoman Empire, 1735 * {{flagicon, Crimea, tatar
Crimea Crimea ( ) is a peninsula in Eastern Europe, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, almost entirely surrounded by the Black Sea and the smaller Sea of Azov. The Isthmus of Perekop connects the peninsula to Kherson Oblast in mainland Ukrain ...
, style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory *
Russian Russian(s) may refer to: *Russians (), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries *A citizen of Russia *Russian language, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages *''The Russians'', a b ...
victory *
Austrian Austrian may refer to: * Austrians, someone from Austria or of Austrian descent ** Someone who is considered an Austrian citizen * Austrian German dialect * Something associated with the country Austria, for example: ** Austria-Hungary ** Austria ...
defeat * Treaty of Niš , - , 1735–1740 , Fourth Bashkir Rebellion ,
Bashkortostan Bashkortostan, officially the Republic of Bashkortostan, sometimes also called Bashkiria, is a republic of Russia between the Volga river and the Ural Mountains in Eastern Europe. The republic borders Perm Krai to the north, Sverdlovsk Oblast ...
, {{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia * {{flagicon, Russian Empire pro-Russian Bashkirs , Bashkir rebels , style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * The rebellion is crushed * Establishment of
Orenburg Orenburg (, ), formerly known as Chkalov (1938–1957), is the administrative center of Orenburg Oblast, Russia. It lies in Eastern Europe, along the banks of the Ural River, being approximately southeast of Moscow. Orenburg is close to the ...
, - , rowspan=2 , 1740–1748 , rowspan=2 ,
War of the Austrian Succession The War of the Austrian Succession was a European conflict fought between 1740 and 1748, primarily in Central Europe, the Austrian Netherlands, Italian Peninsula, Italy, the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. Related conflicts include King Ge ...
, rowspan=2 , Europe , rowspan=2 , {{ubli, {{flag, Habsburg Monarchy, name=Austria, {{flagcountry, Kingdom of Great Britain, name=Great Britain, {{flagicon, Hanover, 1692
Hanover Hanover ( ; ; ) is the capital and largest city of the States of Germany, German state of Lower Saxony. Its population of 535,932 (2021) makes it the List of cities in Germany by population, 13th-largest city in Germany as well as the fourth-l ...
, {{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia (1741–1743, 1748), {{flag, Dutch Republic, {{flagcountry, Electorate of Saxony, name=Saxony (1743–1745), {{flag, Kingdom of Sardinia, 1720, name=Sardinia , rowspan=2 , {{ubli, {{flag, Prussia, 1701, name=Prussia (1740–1742, 1744–45), {{flagicon, Spain, 1701
Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...
(1740–1746), {{flag, Kingdom of France, name=France, {{flagicon, Bavaria
Bavaria Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria, is a States of Germany, state in the southeast of Germany. With an area of , it is the list of German states by area, largest German state by land area, comprising approximately 1/5 of the total l ...
(1741–1745), {{flagcountry, Electorate of Saxony, name=Saxony (1741–42), {{flagicon, Two Sicilies
Naples Naples ( ; ; ) is the Regions of Italy, regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 908,082 within the city's administrative limits as of 2025, while its Metropolitan City of N ...
, {{flag, Republic of Genoa, name=Genoa, {{flagicon, Sweden
Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north, and Finland to the east. At , Sweden is the largest Nordic count ...
(1741–1743) , Inconclusive * Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle , - , style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory against
Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north, and Finland to the east. At , Sweden is the largest Nordic count ...
*
Treaty of Åbo The Treaty of Åbo, or the Treaty of Turku, was a peace treaty signed between the Russian Empire and Sweden in Åbo (Turku) on in the end of the Russo-Swedish War of 1741–1743. History By the end of the war, the Imperial Russian Army had ...
, - , 1756–1763 ,
Seven Years' War The Seven Years' War, 1756 to 1763, was a Great Power conflict fought primarily in Europe, with significant subsidiary campaigns in North America and South Asia. The protagonists were Kingdom of Great Britain, Great Britain and Kingdom of Prus ...
, Europe and North America , {{ubli, {{flagcountry, Kingdom of France, name=France, {{flag, Habsburg Monarchy, name=Austria, {{flag, Spain, 1748, {{flag, Sweden, {{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia (1756–1762), {{flagcountry, Electorate of Saxony, name=Saxony , {{ubli, {{flag, Prussia, 1750, {{flagcountry, Kingdom of Great Britain, name=Britain, {{flagicon, Hanover, 1692
Hanover Hanover ( ; ; ) is the capital and largest city of the States of Germany, German state of Lower Saxony. Its population of 535,932 (2021) makes it the List of cities in Germany by population, 13th-largest city in Germany as well as the fourth-l ...
, Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, {{flagicon, Portugal, 1750
Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe. Featuring Cabo da Roca, the westernmost point in continental Europe, Portugal borders Spain to its north and east, with which it share ...
, {{flagicon, Hesse
Hesse-Kassel The Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel (), spelled Hesse-Cassel during its entire existence, also known as the Hessian Palatinate (), was a state of the Holy Roman Empire. The state was created in 1567 when the Landgraviate of Hesse was divided upon t ...
, {{flagicon image, Flagge Fürstentum Schaumburg-Lippe.svg
Schaumburg-Lippe Schaumburg-Lippe, also called Lippe-Schaumburg, was created as a county in 1647, became a principality in 1807 and a free state in 1918, and was until 1946 a small state in Germany, located in the present-day state of Lower Saxony, with its capi ...
,
Iroquois Confederacy The Iroquois ( ), also known as the Five Nations, and later as the Six Nations from 1722 onwards; alternatively referred to by the Endonym and exonym, endonym Haudenosaunee ( ; ) are an Iroquoian languages, Iroquoian-speaking Confederation#Ind ...
, White peace * Treaty of Saint Petersburg * Defeat of Russia's former allies , - , 1768–1769 , Koliivshchyna Rebellion ,
Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...
, {{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia Poland-Lithuania ,
Haidamaky The haydamaks, also haidamakas or haidamaky or haidamaks ( ''haidamaka''; ''haidamaky'', from and ) were soldiers of Ukrainian Cossacks, Ukrainian Cossack paramilitary outfits composed of commoners (peasants, craftsmen), and impoverished nob ...
, style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * The rebellion is crushed , - , 1768–1772 ,
War of the Bar Confederation The Bar Confederation (; 1768–1772) was an association of Polish nobles (''szlachta'') formed at the fortress of Bar in Podolia (now Ukraine), in 1768 to defend the internal and external independence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth a ...
, Poland , {{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia , {{ubli, {{flagicon, Kingdom of France
France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...
, {{flagicon, Poland
Bar Confederation The Bar Confederation (; 1768–1772) was an association of Polish nobles (''szlachta'') formed at the fortress of Bar, Ukraine, Bar in Podolia (now Ukraine), in 1768 to defend the internal and external independence of the Polish–Lithuanian C ...
, style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory *
Treaty of Kuçuk Kainarji A treaty is a formal, legally binding written agreement between sovereign states and/or international organizations that is governed by international law. A treaty may also be known as an international agreement, protocol, covenant, convention ...
*
First Partition of Poland The First Partition of Poland took place in 1772 as the first of three partitions that eventually ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. The growth of power in the Russian Empire threatened the Kingdom of Prussia an ...
, - , 1768–1774 , Catherine the Great's First Turkish War , Eastern Europe,
Caucasus The Caucasus () or Caucasia (), is a region spanning Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is situated between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, comprising parts of Southern Russia, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The Caucasus Mountains, i ...
and Mediterranean , {{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia , {{flag, Ottoman Empire * {{flagicon, Crimea, tatar
Crimea Crimea ( ) is a peninsula in Eastern Europe, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, almost entirely surrounded by the Black Sea and the smaller Sea of Azov. The Isthmus of Perekop connects the peninsula to Kherson Oblast in mainland Ukrain ...
, style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory *
Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca The Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca (; ), formerly often written Kuchuk-Kainarji, was a peace treaty signed on , in Küçük Kaynarca (today Kaynardzha, Bulgaria and Cuiugiuc, Romania) between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire, ending the R ...
, - , 1773–1775 ,
Pugachev's Rebellion Pugachev's Rebellion (; also called the Peasants' War 1773–1775 or Cossack Rebellion) of 1773–1775 was the principal revolt in a series of popular rebellions that took place in the Russian Empire after Catherine II seized power in 1762. It ...
, Russia , {{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia , {{ubli, Rebels under
Yemelyan Pugachev Yemelyan Ivanovich Pugachev (also spelled Pugachyov; ; ) was an ataman of the Yaik Cossacks and the leader of the Pugachev's Rebellion, a major popular uprising in the Russian Empire during the reign of Catherine the Great. The son of a Do ...
, {{flag, Ottoman Empire , style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * The rebellion is crushed , - , 1787–1792 , Catherine the Great's Second Turkish War , Eastern Europe , {{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia , {{flag, Ottoman Empire , style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory *
Treaty of Jassy The Treaty of Jassy, signed at Jassy (''Iași'') in Moldavia (presently in Romania), was a pact between the Russian and Ottoman Empires ending the Russo-Turkish War of 1787–92 and confirming Russia's increasing dominance in the Black Sea. T ...
, - , 1783–1797 , Syrym Datuly's rebellion ,
Kazakhstan Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a landlocked country primarily in Central Asia, with a European Kazakhstan, small portion in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the Kazakhstan–Russia border, north and west, China to th ...
, {{ubli, {{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia ,
Kazakhs The Kazakhs (Kazakh language, Kazakh: , , , ) are a Turkic peoples, Turkic ethnic group native to Central Asia and Eastern Europe. They share a common Culture of Kazakhstan, culture, Kazakh language, language and History of Kazakhstan, history ...
, style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory , - , 1788–1790 , Catherine the Great's Swedish War , Finland, western Sweden, and the
Baltic Sea The Baltic Sea is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that is enclosed by the countries of Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, and the North European Plain, North and Central European Plain regions. It is the ...
, {{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia , {{flagicon, Sweden
Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north, and Finland to the east. At , Sweden is the largest Nordic count ...
, Inconclusive , - , 1792 , Catherine the Great's Polish War , Poland , {{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia
Targowica Confederation The Targowica Confederation (, , ) was a confederation established by Polish and Lithuanian magnates on 27 April 1792, in Saint Petersburg, with the backing of the Russian Empress Catherine II. The confederation opposed the Constitution of 3 May ...
, Poland–Lithuania , style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory *
Second Partition of Poland The 1793 Second Partition of Poland was the second of partitions of Poland, three partitions (or partial annexations) that ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. The second partition (politics), partition occurred i ...
, - , 1794 ,
Kościuszko Uprising The Kościuszko Uprising, also known as the Polish Uprising of 1794, Second Polish War, Polish Campaign of 1794, and the Polish Revolution of 1794, was an uprising against the Russian and Prussian influence on the Polish–Lithuanian Common ...
, Poland , {{ubli, {{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia, {{flagicon, Kingdom of Prussia
Prussia Prussia (; ; Old Prussian: ''Prūsija'') was a Germans, German state centred on the North European Plain that originated from the 1525 secularization of the Prussia (region), Prussian part of the State of the Teutonic Order. For centuries, ...
, Poland–Lithuania , style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * The uprising is crushed *
Third Partition of Poland The Third Partition of Poland (1795) was the last in a series of the Partitions of Poland–Lithuania and the land of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth among Prussia, the Habsburg monarchy, and the Russian Empire which effectively ended Polis ...
; Poland ceases to exist as an independent country , - , 1796 , Persian Expedition of Catherine the Great ,
North Caucasus The North Caucasus, or Ciscaucasia, is a subregion in Eastern Europe governed by Russia. It constitutes the northern part of the wider Caucasus region, which separates Europe and Asia. The North Caucasus is bordered by the Sea of Azov and the B ...
and
South Caucasus The South Caucasus, also known as Transcaucasia or the Transcaucasus, is a geographical region on the border of Eastern Europe and West Asia, straddling the southern Caucasus Mountains. The South Caucasus roughly corresponds to modern Armenia, ...
, {{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia ,
Persia Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...
, style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory , - , 1799–1802 ,
War of the Second Coalition The War of the Second Coalition () (1798/9 – 1801/2, depending on periodisation) was the second war targeting French Revolution, revolutionary French First Republic, France by many European monarchies, led by Kingdom of Great Britain, Britai ...
, Europe , {{ubli, {{flag, Habsburg Monarchy, name=Austria, {{flag, Holy Roman Empire, {{flagcountry, Kingdom of Great Britain, name=Great Britain (
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of European mainland, the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...
from 1801), {{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia (until 1799), {{flagicon, Kingdom of France French Royalists, {{flagicon, Portugal, 1750
Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe. Featuring Cabo da Roca, the westernmost point in continental Europe, Portugal borders Spain to its north and east, with which it share ...
, {{flag, Two Sicilies, {{flag, Ottoman Empire, 1453 , {{ubli, {{flagicon, France
French First Republic In the history of France, the First Republic (), sometimes referred to in historiography as Revolutionary France, and officially the French Republic (), was founded on 21 September 1792 during the French Revolution. The First Republic lasted un ...
, {{flag, Spain, {{flagicon, Denmark
Denmark–Norway Denmark–Norway (Danish language, Danish and Norwegian language, Norwegian: ) is a term for the 16th-to-19th-century multi-national and multi-lingual real unionFeldbæk 1998:11 consisting of the Kingdom of Denmark, the Kingdom of Norway (includ ...
, {{flagicon, Poland, state Polish Legions, '' French client states'' , Withdrawal in 1799 * French victory in 1802 , - , 1803–1806 ,
War of the Third Coalition The War of the Third Coalition () was a European conflict lasting from 1805 to 1806 and was the first conflict of the Napoleonic Wars. During the war, First French Empire, France and French client republic, its client states under Napoleon I an ...
, Europe , {{ubli, {{flag, Austrian Empire, name=Austria, {{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia, {{flagcountry, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, name=United Kingdom, {{flagicon, Two Sicilies
Sicily Sicily (Italian language, Italian and ), officially the Sicilian Region (), is an island in the central Mediterranean Sea, south of the Italian Peninsula in continental Europe and is one of the 20 regions of Italy, regions of Italy. With 4. ...
, {{flagicon, Two Sicilies
Naples Naples ( ; ; ) is the Regions of Italy, regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 908,082 within the city's administrative limits as of 2025, while its Metropolitan City of N ...
, {{flagicon, Portugal, 1750
Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe. Featuring Cabo da Roca, the westernmost point in continental Europe, Portugal borders Spain to its north and east, with which it share ...
, {{flag, Sweden , {{ubli, {{flagicon, France
France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...
, '' French client states'' , style="background:#F6E4E7" , Defeat * Peace of Pressburg , - , 1804–1813 , Alexander I's Persian War ,
North Caucasus The North Caucasus, or Ciscaucasia, is a subregion in Eastern Europe governed by Russia. It constitutes the northern part of the wider Caucasus region, which separates Europe and Asia. The North Caucasus is bordered by the Sea of Azov and the B ...
,
South Caucasus The South Caucasus, also known as Transcaucasia or the Transcaucasus, is a geographical region on the border of Eastern Europe and West Asia, straddling the southern Caucasus Mountains. The South Caucasus roughly corresponds to modern Armenia, ...
and northern
Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...
, {{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia ,
Persia Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...
, style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory *
Treaty of Gulistan The Treaty of Gulistan (also spelled Golestan: ; ) was a peace treaty concluded between the Russian Empire and Qajar Iran on 24 October 1813 in the village of Gülüstan, Goranboy, Gulistan (now in Goranboy District, the Goranboy District of Azerb ...
, - , 1806–1807 ,
War of the Fourth Coalition The War of the Fourth Coalition () was a war spanning 1806–1807 that saw a multinational coalition fight against Napoleon's First French Empire, French Empire, subsequently being defeated. The main coalition partners were Kingdom of Prussia, ...
,
Eastern Eastern or Easterns may refer to: Transportation Airlines *China Eastern Airlines, a current Chinese airline based in Shanghai * Eastern Air, former name of Zambia Skyways *Eastern Air Lines, a defunct American airline that operated from 192 ...
and Central Europe , *{{flag, Prussia, 1803 *{{flagcountry, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, name=United Kingdom *{{flagcountry, Electorate of Saxony, name=Saxony *{{flag, Sweden, 1761 *{{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia *
Naples Naples ( ; ; ) is the Regions of Italy, regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 908,082 within the city's administrative limits as of 2025, while its Metropolitan City of N ...
, *{{flagicon, France
France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...
*'' French client states'' *{{flag, Spain, 1785 *
Confederation of the Rhine The Confederated States of the Rhine, simply known as the Confederation of the Rhine or Rhine Confederation, was a confederation of German client states established at the behest of Napoleon some months after he defeated Austrian Empire, Austria ...
**{{flagcountry, Kingdom of Bavaria, name=Bavaria ** {{flag, Württemberg *{{flagicon, Napoleonic Italy
Italy Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land b ...
*{{flagicon, Kingdom of Naples, 1806
Naples Naples ( ; ; ) is the Regions of Italy, regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 908,082 within the city's administrative limits as of 2025, while its Metropolitan City of N ...
* Polish Legions , style="background:#F6E4E7" , Defeat *
Treaties of Tilsit The Treaties of Tilsit (), also collectively known as the Peace of Tilsit (; ), were two peace treaties signed by French Emperor Napoleon in the town of Tilsit in July 1807 in the aftermath of his victory at Friedland, at the end of the War o ...
, - , 1806–1812 , Alexander I's Turkish War ,
Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to ...
,
Moldova Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova, is a Landlocked country, landlocked country in Eastern Europe, with an area of and population of 2.42 million. Moldova is bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south. ...
,
Caucasus The Caucasus () or Caucasia (), is a region spanning Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is situated between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, comprising parts of Southern Russia, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The Caucasus Mountains, i ...
and
Black Sea The Black Sea is a marginal sea, marginal Mediterranean sea (oceanography), mediterranean sea lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bound ...
, {{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia , {{flagicon, Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...
, style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * Treaty of Bucharest , - , 1807–1812 ,
Anglo-Russian War The Anglo-Russians were an English expatriate business community centred in St Petersburg, then also Moscow, from the 1730s until the 1920s. This community was established against the background of Peter I's recruitment of foreign engineers for hi ...
,
Baltic Sea The Baltic Sea is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that is enclosed by the countries of Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, and the North European Plain, North and Central European Plain regions. It is the ...
and
Barents Sea The Barents Sea ( , also ; , ; ) is a marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean, located off the northern coasts of Norway and Russia and divided between Norwegian and Russian territorial waters.World Wildlife Fund, 2008. It was known earlier among Russi ...
, {{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia , {{flagcountry, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, name=United Kingdom , Inconclusive * Treaty of Orebro , - , 1808–1809 ,
Finnish War The Finnish War (; ; ) was fought between the Gustavian era, Kingdom of Sweden and the Russian Empire from 21 February 1808 to 17 September 1809 as part of the Napoleonic Wars. As a result of the war, the eastern third of Sweden was established a ...
, Finland and Sweden , {{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia , {{flagicon, Sweden
Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north, and Finland to the east. At , Sweden is the largest Nordic count ...
, style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory *
Treaty of Fredrikshamn The Treaty of Fredrikshamn, or the Treaty of Hamina, was a peace treaty concluded between Sweden and Imperial Russia on 17 September 1809. The treaty concluded the Finnish War and was signed in the Finnish town of Fredrikshamn ( Hamina). Russia ...
, - , 1809 ,
War of the Fifth Coalition The War of the Fifth Coalition was a European conflict in 1809 that was part of the Napoleonic Wars and the Coalition Wars. The main conflict took place in Central Europe between the Austrian Empire of Francis I and Napoleon's French Emp ...
, Central Europe , {{ubli, {{flagicon, France
France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...
,
Confederation of the Rhine The Confederated States of the Rhine, simply known as the Confederation of the Rhine or Rhine Confederation, was a confederation of German client states established at the behest of Napoleon some months after he defeated Austrian Empire, Austria ...
, {{flagicon, Napoleonic Italy
Italy Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land b ...
, {{flagicon, Spain, 1785
Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...
, {{flagicon image, Flag of Poland (1807–1815).svg, size=23px
Duchy of Warsaw The Duchy of Warsaw (; ; ), also known as the Grand Duchy of Warsaw and Napoleonic Poland, was a First French Empire, French client state established by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1807, during the Napoleonic Wars. It initially comprised the ethnical ...
, {{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia , {{ubli, {{flagcountry, Austrian Empire, name=Austria, {{flagcountry, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, name=United Kingdom,
Naples Naples ( ; ; ) is the Regions of Italy, regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 908,082 within the city's administrative limits as of 2025, while its Metropolitan City of N ...
, {{flagcountry, Kingdom of Sardinia, name=Sardinia , style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory (limited involvement) *
Treaty of Schönbrunn The Treaty of Schönbrunn (; ), sometimes known as the Peace of Schönbrunn or the Treaty of Vienna, was signed between France and Austria at Schönbrunn Palace near Vienna on 14 October 1809. The treaty ended the Fifth Coalition during the N ...
, - , 1812 ,
French invasion of Russia The French invasion of Russia, also known as the Russian campaign (), the Second Polish War, and in Russia as the Patriotic War of 1812 (), was initiated by Napoleon with the aim of compelling the Russian Empire to comply with the Continenta ...
,
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
, {{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia , {{ubli, {{flagicon, France
France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...
, '' French client states'' , style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * The French invasion is repelled * Napoleon's Grand Army is destroyed and forced to retreat , - , 1813–1814 ,
War of the Sixth Coalition In the War of the Sixth Coalition () (December 1812 – May 1814), sometimes known in Germany as the Wars of Liberation (), a coalition of Austrian Empire, Austria, Kingdom of Prussia, Prussia, Russian Empire, Russia, History of Spain (1808– ...
, Europe , {{ubli, {{flag, Austrian Empire, name=Austria, {{flag, Prussia, 1803, {{flagcountry, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, name=United Kingdom, {{flag, Sweden, {{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia, {{flagicon, Spain, 1785
Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...
, {{flagicon, Portugal, 1750
Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe. Featuring Cabo da Roca, the westernmost point in continental Europe, Portugal borders Spain to its north and east, with which it share ...
, {{flagicon, Two Sicilies
Naples Naples ( ; ; ) is the Regions of Italy, regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 908,082 within the city's administrative limits as of 2025, while its Metropolitan City of N ...
, {{flagcountry, Kingdom of Sardinia, name=Sardinia , {{ubli, {{flagicon, France
France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...
, '' French client states'' , style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * Treaty of Fontainebleau * Treaty of Paris , - , 1815 ,
War of the Seventh Coalition The Hundred Days ( ), also known as the War of the Seventh Coalition (), marked the period between Napoleon's return from eleven months of exile on the island of Elba to Paris on20 March 1815 and the second restoration of King Louis XVIII o ...
, Europe , {{ubli, {{flag, Austrian Empire, name=Austria, {{flag, Prussia, 1803, {{flagcountry, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, ubli=United Kingdom, {{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia, {{flagicon, Hanover, 1813
Hanover Hanover ( ; ; ) is the capital and largest city of the States of Germany, German state of Lower Saxony. Its population of 535,932 (2021) makes it the List of cities in Germany by population, 13th-largest city in Germany as well as the fourth-l ...
, {{flagicon image, Flagge Herzogtum Nassau (1806-1866).svg Nassau, {{flagicon image, Flagge Herzogtum Braunschweig.svg Brunswick, {{flag, Sweden, {{flag, United Kingdom of the Netherlands, name=United Netherlands, {{flag, Spain, 1785, {{flagicon, Portugal, 1750
Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe. Featuring Cabo da Roca, the westernmost point in continental Europe, Portugal borders Spain to its north and east, with which it share ...
, {{flagcountry, Kingdom of Sardinia, {{flagicon, Two Sicilies
Two Sicilies The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies () was a kingdom in Southern Italy from 1816 to 1861 under the control of the House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, a cadet branch of the Bourbons. The kingdom was the largest sovereign state by population and land are ...
, {{flagicon, Tuscany, habsburg
Tuscany Tuscany ( ; ) is a Regions of Italy, region in central Italy with an area of about and a population of 3,660,834 inhabitants as of 2025. The capital city is Florence. Tuscany is known for its landscapes, history, artistic legacy, and its in ...
, {{flag, Switzerland, {{flagicon, Kingdom of France French Royalists , {{ubli, {{flagicon, France
First French Empire The First French Empire or French Empire (; ), also known as Napoleonic France, was the empire ruled by Napoleon Bonaparte, who established French hegemony over much of continental Europe at the beginning of the 19th century. It lasted from ...
, {{flagicon, Two Sicilies, 1811
Naples Naples ( ; ; ) is the Regions of Italy, regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 908,082 within the city's administrative limits as of 2025, while its Metropolitan City of N ...
, style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * Treaty of Paris , - , 1817–1864 ,
Caucasian War The Caucasian War () or the Caucasus War was a 19th-century military conflict between the Russian Empire and various peoples of the North Caucasus who resisted subjugation during the Russian conquest of the Caucasus. It consisted of a series o ...
,
Caucasus The Caucasus () or Caucasia (), is a region spanning Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is situated between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, comprising parts of Southern Russia, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The Caucasus Mountains, i ...
, {{ubli, {{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia,
Mingrelia Mingrelia or Samegrelo ( ka, სამეგრელო, tr ; ) is a historic province in the western part of Georgia, formerly known as Odishi. It is primarily inhabited by the Mingrelians, a subgroup of Georgians. Geography and climate Mingr ...
,
Guria Guria ( ka, გურია) is a region (''mkhare'') in Georgia (country), Georgia, in the western part of the country, bordered by the eastern end of the Black Sea. The region has a population of 104,338 (2023), with Ozurgeti as the regional cap ...
, {{ubli,
Caucasian Imamate The Caucasian Imamate, also known as the North Caucasus Imamate (), was a state founded by Muslim imams in the early-to-mid 19th century across Dagestan and Chechnya. It emerged during the Caucasian War (1817–1864) as a resistance movement a ...
,
Circassia Circassia ( ), also known as Zichia, was a country and a historical region in . It spanned the western coastal portions of the North Caucasus, along the northeastern shore of the Black Sea. Circassia was conquered by the Russian Empire during ...
, Big Kabarda (until 1825), Abkhazian insurgents, Kazi-Kumukh,
Dagestan Dagestan ( ; ; ), officially the Republic of Dagestan, is a republic of Russia situated in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe, along the Caspian Sea. It is located north of the Greater Caucasus, and is a part of the North Caucasian Fede ...
free people, Avaria (1829–1859),
Svaneti Svaneti (Svan language, Svan: შუ̂ან, ლემშუ̂ანიერა; ''shwan, lemshwaniera'', and Suania in ancient sources; ka, სვანეთი ) is a historic province in the northwestern part of Georgia (country), Georg ...
, style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * Annexation of
North Caucasus The North Caucasus, or Ciscaucasia, is a subregion in Eastern Europe governed by Russia. It constitutes the northern part of the wider Caucasus region, which separates Europe and Asia. The North Caucasus is bordered by the Sea of Azov and the B ...
into Russia * Surrender of
Imam Shamil Imam Shamil (; ; ; ; ; 26 June 1797 – 4 February 1871) was the political, military, and spiritual leader of North Caucasian resistance to Imperial Russia in the 1800s, the third Imam of the Caucasian Imamate (1840–1859), and a Sunni Muslim ...
, - , 1825 ,
Decembrist revolt The Decembrist revolt () was a failed coup d'état led by liberal military and political dissidents against the Russian Empire. It took place in Saint Petersburg on , following the death of Emperor Alexander I. Alexander's brother and heir ...
,
Saint Petersburg Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the List of cities and towns in Russia by population, second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the Neva, River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland ...
, {{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia , Decembrist rebels , style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * The revolt is crushed , - , 1826–1836 , {{ill, Uprising of Sarzhan Kasimov, ru, Восстание Саржана Касымова ,
Kazakhstan Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a landlocked country primarily in Central Asia, with a European Kazakhstan, small portion in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the Kazakhstan–Russia border, north and west, China to th ...
, {{ubli, {{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia ,
Kazakhs The Kazakhs (Kazakh language, Kazakh: , , , ) are a Turkic peoples, Turkic ethnic group native to Central Asia and Eastern Europe. They share a common Culture of Kazakhstan, culture, Kazakh language, language and History of Kazakhstan, history ...
, style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory , - , 1826–1828 , Nicholas I's Persian War ,
South Caucasus The South Caucasus, also known as Transcaucasia or the Transcaucasus, is a geographical region on the border of Eastern Europe and West Asia, straddling the southern Caucasus Mountains. The South Caucasus roughly corresponds to modern Armenia, ...
and northern
Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...
, {{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia ,
Persia Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...
, style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * Treaty of Turkmenchay , - , 1827 , Greek War of Independence , Greece , {{flagcountry, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
{{flagicon, France
France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...

{{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia , {{flagcountry, Ottoman Empire , style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory , - , 1828–1829 , Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829), Nicholas I's Turkish War , Balkans and
Caucasus The Caucasus () or Caucasia (), is a region spanning Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is situated between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, comprising parts of Southern Russia, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The Caucasus Mountains, i ...
, {{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia , {{flag, Ottoman Empire , style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * Treaty of Adrianople (1829), Treaty of Adrianople , - , 1830–1831 , November uprising , Poland , {{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia , {{flagicon, Poland Congress Poland, Poland , style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * The uprising is crushed , - , 1836–1838 , Kazakh rebellions, Bukey Horde uprising ,
Kazakhstan Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a landlocked country primarily in Central Asia, with a European Kazakhstan, small portion in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the Kazakhstan–Russia border, north and west, China to th ...
, {{ubli, {{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia ,
Kazakhs The Kazakhs (Kazakh language, Kazakh: , , , ) are a Turkic peoples, Turkic ethnic group native to Central Asia and Eastern Europe. They share a common Culture of Kazakhstan, culture, Kazakh language, language and History of Kazakhstan, history ...
, style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory , - , 1837–1847 , Kenesary's Rebellion ,
Kazakhstan Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a landlocked country primarily in Central Asia, with a European Kazakhstan, small portion in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the Kazakhstan–Russia border, north and west, China to th ...
, {{ubli, {{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia ,
Kazakhs The Kazakhs (Kazakh language, Kazakh: , , , ) are a Turkic peoples, Turkic ethnic group native to Central Asia and Eastern Europe. They share a common Culture of Kazakhstan, culture, Kazakh language, language and History of Kazakhstan, history ...
, style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * Fall of Kazakh Khanate , - , 1839–1841 , Egyptian–Ottoman War (1839–1841), Second Turko-Egyptian War , Syria and Lebanon , {{ubli, {{flagicon, United Kingdom
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of European mainland, the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...
, {{flagicon, Austrian Empire Austrian Empire, Austria, {{flagicon, Russian Empire
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
, {{flagicon, Ottoman Empire, 1823
Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...
, {{ubli, Eyalet of Egypt, Egypt, {{flagicon, France July Monarchy, France, {{flagicon, Spain, 1785 Mid-nineteenth century Spain, Spain , style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * Egypt renounces its claim to Syria , - , 1839–1840 , Khivan campaign of 1839 , Central Asia , {{ubli, {{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia ,
Khanate of Khiva The Khanate of Khiva (, , uz-Latn-Cyrl, Xiva xonligi, Хива хонлиги, , ) was a Central Asian polity that existed in the historical region of Khwarazm, Khorezm from 1511 to 1920, except for a period of Afsharid Iran, Afsharid occupat ...
, style="background:#F6E4E7" , Defeat , - , 1841 , 1841 rebellion in Guria, Gurian rebellion ,
Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the South Caucasus * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the southeastern United States Georgia may also refer to: People and fictional characters * Georgia (name), a list of pe ...
, {{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia , Principality of Guria, Gurian rebels , style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * The rebellion is crushed , - , 1842 , Shoorcha rebellion ,
Tatarstan Tatarstan, officially the Republic of Tatarstan, sometimes also called Tataria, is a Republics of Russia, republic of Russia located in Eastern Europe. It is a part of the Volga Federal District; and its capital city, capital and largest city i ...
and Ulyanovsk Oblast, Ulyanovsk , {{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia ,
Tatar Tatar may refer to: Peoples * Tatars, an umbrella term for different Turkic ethnic groups bearing the name "Tatar" * Volga Tatars, a people from the Volga-Ural region of western Russia * Crimean Tatars, a people from the Crimea peninsula by the B ...
, Mari people, Mari and Chuvash people, Chuvash peasants , style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * The rebellion is crushed , - , 1842–1868 , Russian conquest of Bukhara , Central Asia , {{ubli, {{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia , Emirate of Bukhara , style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory , - , 1848–1849 , Hungarian Revolution of 1848 , Hungary , {{flagicon, Austrian Empire Austrian Empire, Austria * Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg), Croatia * Serbian Vojvodina * Serbian people, Serbian volunteers * Hungarian people, Pro-Habsburg Hungarians * Slovak National Council (1848–1849), Slovak National Council * Transylvanian Romanians * {{ill, Chief Rus' Council, uk, Головна Руська Рада * Czech people, Czech volunteers * Czech people, Bohemian and Moravians (ethnic group), Moravian volunteers * Transylvanian Saxons {{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia , * Kingdom of Hungary (1538–1867), Hungary ** Hungarian Slovenes ** Pro-Hungarian Slovaks ** Rusyns ** Zipser Germans ** Hungarian Germans ** Burgenland Croats, Croats from Western Hungary and Međimurje ** Šokci, Šokac and Bunjevci, Bunjevac people ** Banat Bulgarians * Polish people, Polish legions * German legion *Vienna, Viennese legion * Italian legion , style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * The revolution is crushed , - , 1850–1868 , Russian conquest of Central Asia#1864–1868: Kokand and Bukhara subdued, Russian conquest of Kokand Khanate , Central Asia , {{ubli, {{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia , Khanate of Kokand , style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory , - , 1853–1856 , Crimean War , Crimea, Balkans,
Caucasus The Caucasus () or Caucasia (), is a region spanning Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is situated between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, comprising parts of Southern Russia, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The Caucasus Mountains, i ...
,
Black Sea The Black Sea is a marginal sea, marginal Mediterranean sea (oceanography), mediterranean sea lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bound ...
,
Baltic Sea The Baltic Sea is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that is enclosed by the countries of Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, and the North European Plain, North and Central European Plain regions. It is the ...
, White Sea and Far East , {{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia , {{ubli, {{flagicon image, Flag of France.svg Second French Empire, France, {{flag, Ottoman Empire, {{flag, UKGBI, name=United Kingdom, {{flag, Kingdom of Sardinia, 1851, name=Sardinia , style="background:#F6E4E7" , Defeat * Treaty of Paris (1856), Treaty of Paris , - , 1858 , Mahtra War, Mahtra Rebellion , Estonia , {{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia , Estonian peasants , style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * The rebellion is crushed , - , 1861 , Bezdna unrest, Bezdna Revolt ,
Tatarstan Tatarstan, officially the Republic of Tatarstan, sometimes also called Tataria, is a Republics of Russia, republic of Russia located in Eastern Europe. It is a part of the Volga Federal District; and its capital city, capital and largest city i ...
, {{flagicon image, Romanov Flag.svg
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
, Peasants , style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * The revolt is crushed , - , 1863–1864 , January Uprising , Poland , {{flagicon image, Romanov Flag.svg
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
, Polish, Lithuanian and Ukrainian insurgents , style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * The uprising is crushed , - , 1866 , Uprising of Polish political exiles in Siberia, Polish rebellion in Siberia ,
Siberia Siberia ( ; , ) is an extensive geographical region comprising all of North Asia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. It has formed a part of the sovereign territory of Russia and its predecessor states ...
, {{flagicon image, Romanov Flag.svg
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
, Polish political exiles , style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * The rebellion is crushed , - , 1868–1869 , Uprising in the Ural and Turgai Oblasts ,
Kazakhstan Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a landlocked country primarily in Central Asia, with a European Kazakhstan, small portion in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the Kazakhstan–Russia border, north and west, China to th ...
, {{ubli, {{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia ,
Kazakhs The Kazakhs (Kazakh language, Kazakh: , , , ) are a Turkic peoples, Turkic ethnic group native to Central Asia and Eastern Europe. They share a common Culture of Kazakhstan, culture, Kazakh language, language and History of Kazakhstan, history ...
, style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory , - , 1870 , Kazakh rebellions, Adai Rebellion ,
Kazakhstan Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a landlocked country primarily in Central Asia, with a European Kazakhstan, small portion in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the Kazakhstan–Russia border, north and west, China to th ...
, {{ubli, {{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia ,
Kazakhs The Kazakhs (Kazakh language, Kazakh: , , , ) are a Turkic peoples, Turkic ethnic group native to Central Asia and Eastern Europe. They share a common Culture of Kazakhstan, culture, Kazakh language, language and History of Kazakhstan, history ...
, style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory , - , 1873 , Khivan campaign of 1873 , Central Asia , {{ubli, {{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia ,
Khanate of Khiva The Khanate of Khiva (, , uz-Latn-Cyrl, Xiva xonligi, Хива хонлиги, , ) was a Central Asian polity that existed in the historical region of Khwarazm, Khorezm from 1511 to 1920, except for a period of Afsharid Iran, Afsharid occupat ...
, style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory , - , 1877–1878 , Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878), Russo-Turkish War , Balkans and
Caucasus The Caucasus () or Caucasia (), is a region spanning Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is situated between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, comprising parts of Southern Russia, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The Caucasus Mountains, i ...
, {{ubli, {{flagicon image, Romanov Flag.svg
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
, {{flagicon, Romania United Principalities, Romania, Opalchentsi, Bulgarian volunteers, {{flagicon, Serbia, civil Principality of Serbia, Serbia, {{flagcountry, Principality of Montenegro, name=Montenegro , {{flagicon, Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...
, style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * Treaty of San Stefano * Treaty of Berlin (1878), Treaty of Berlin * Reestablishment of the Bulgarian state * ''De jure'' independence of
Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to ...
, Serbia and Montenegro from the
Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...
* The annexation of Kars Oblast, Kars and Batum Oblast, Batum into Russia , - , 1897–1898 , Cretan Revolt (1897–1898) , Crete , {{ubli, Crete, Cretan revolutionaries, Kingdom of Greece, Greece, {{flag, UKGBI, name=United Kingdom, {{flagcountry, French Third Republic, {{flagicon, Kingdom of Italy Kingdom of Italy, Italy, {{flagicon, Russian Empire
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
, {{flag, Austria–Hungary (until April 12, 1898), {{flag, German Empire (until March 16, 1898) , {{flagicon, Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...
, style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * Establishment of the Cretan State * Withdrawal of Ottoman forces from Crete , - , 1899–1901 , Boxer Rebellion , China , {{udl, wrap= ;Eight-Nation Alliance :{{flag, British Empire :{{flagcountry, Russian Empire :{{flagcountry, Empire of Japan :{{flagcountry, French Third Republic :{{flagcountry, German Empire :{{flagcountry, United States, 1896 :{{flagcountry, Kingdom of Italy :{{flagcountry, Austria-Hungary ---- {{ubl , {{flagcountry, Netherlands , {{flagcountry, Spain, 1874 , {{flagcountry, Belgium ---- {{flagicon, Qing dynasty Mutual Defence Pact of Southeast China {{nwr, (after 1900) , {{ubl , Boxer movement , {{flag, Qing dynasty {{nwr, (after 1900) , style="background:#D4F7D4" , Eight-Nation Alliance victory , - , 1902–1906 , Rebellion in Guria ,
Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the South Caucasus * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the southeastern United States Georgia may also refer to: People and fictional characters * Georgia (name), a list of pe ...
, {{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia , Gurian Republic , style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * The rebellion is crushed , - , 1904–1905 , Russo-Japanese War , Manchuria, Korean Peninsula and Yellow Sea , {{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia , {{flag, Empire of Japan, name=Japan , style="background:#F6E4E7" , Defeat * Treaty of Portsmouth , - , 1905–1907 , 1905 Russian Revolution, Russian Revolution of 1905 ,
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
, {{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia , {{flagicon image, Red flag.svg, size=22px Revolutionary, Revolutionaries Supported by: * Saint Petersburg Soviet * Moscow City Duma * Chita Republic * Socialist Revolutionary Party, Party of Socialist Revolutionaries * Russian Social Democratic Labour Party * Kagal (Finnish resistance movement), Kagal , style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * Revolutionaries defeated * Nicholas II of Russia, Nicholas II retains the throne * October Manifesto * Russian Constitution of 1906, Constitution enacted * Establishment of the State Duma (Russian Empire), State Duma , - , 1905–1911 , Persian Constitutional Revolution ,
Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...
, {{ubli, {{flagicon image, Early 20th Century Qajar Flag.svg
Persia Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...
, {{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia (from 1906) , Iranian constitutionalists , style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * Russian occupation of Northern Iran until 1917 , - , 1911 , Mongolian Revolution of 1911 , Mongol heartland , Outer Mongolia, 1911–1919, Mongolian nationalists Supported by:{{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia , {{flag, Qing dynasty, name=China , Victory * Establishment of Bogd Khanate of Mongolia as independent of China. * Tuva becomes a Russian protectorated called Uryankhay Krai , - , 1914–1917 , World War I , Europe and Asia , Allied Powers (''Allies of World War I, see list'') , Central Powers: *{{flag, German Empire, name=Germany, size=23px *{{flagcountry, Austria–Hungary, size=23px *{{flag, Ottoman Empire, size=23px *{{flag, Kingdom of Bulgaria, name=Bulgaria, size=23px , style="background:#F6E4E7" , Defeat, later allied victory * Separate peace at Treaty of Brest-Litovsk * Russian Civil War * Paris Peace Conference, 1919, Paris Peace Conference , - , 1917 , February Revolution ,
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
, {{flag, Russian Empire, name=Russia , {{flagdeco, Russian Empire Progressive Bloc (Russia), Republicans: * Constitutional Democratic Party, Kadets * Union of October 17, Octobrists * Progressive Party (Russia), Progressive Party ---- {{flagicon image, Red flag.svg, size=22px Socialism, Socialists: * {{flagicon image, Eser flag (Въ борьбѣ обрѣтешь ты право свое!).svg Socialist Revolutionary Party * {{flagicon image, Red flag.svg, size=22px Russian Social Democratic Labour Party ** Mensheviks ** Bolsheviks , style="background:#fefefe" , Revolution succeeds * Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, Nicholas II abdicates * Period of dual power between the Russian Provisional Government, Provisional Government and the Petrograd Soviet * Proclamation of the Russian Republic * October Revolution and start of the Russian Civil War


Russian Republic (1917)

{, class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;" ! style="width:60px" , Date ! style="width:277px" , Conflict ! style="width:101px" , Location ! style="width:170px" , Russia and its allies ! style="width:220px" , Opponent(s) ! style="width:340px" , Result , - , 1917 , October Revolution , Russian Republic, Russia , {{flagicon image, Flag of Russia.svg Russian Republic, Russia , {{ubli, {{flagicon image, Red flag.svg, size=22px Bolsheviks, {{flagicon image, Red flag.svg, size=22px Petrograd Soviet, {{flagicon image, Red flag.svg, size=22px Left Socialist-Revolutionaries, Left SRs, {{flagicon image, Red flag.svg, size=22px Red Guards (Russia), Red Guards , style="background:#fefefe" , Revolution succeeds * Dissolution of the Russian Provisional Government * The Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets proclaims itself the supreme governing body in the country * 1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Constituent Assembly election held under heavy Bolshevik pressure * Beginning of the Russian Civil War


Russian SFSR (1917–1922)

{, class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;" ! style="width:60px" , Date ! style="width:277px" , Conflict ! style="width:101px" , Location ! style="width:170px" , Russia and its allies ! style="width:220px" , Opponent(s) ! style="width:340px" , Result , - , 1917–1922 , Russian Civil War , Eastern Europe to Central Asia and Far East , {{ubli, {{flag, Russian SFSR, 1918, size=22px, {{flag, Far Eastern Republic, size=22px, {{flagicon image, Flag of the People's Republic of Mongolia (1921-1924).svg, size=22px Mongolian People's Party, Mongolian Communists, {{flagicon image, Black flag.svg, size=22px Revolutionary Insurrectionary Army of Ukraine, Makhnovshchina, {{flagicon image, Red flag.svg, size=22px Left Socialist-Revolutionaries, Left SR, {{flagicon image, Darker green and Black flag.svg, size=22px Green armies , {{ubli, {{flagicon, Russia, size=22px White Movement, {{flagicon image, Flag of the Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus.svg, size=22px Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus, Mountain Republic, {{flagicon image, Black flag.svg, size=22px Revolutionary Insurrectionary Army of Ukraine, Makhnovshchina, {{flagicon image, Red flag.svg, size=22px Left Socialist-Revolutionaries, Left SR, {{flagicon image, Darker green and Black flag.svg, size=22px Green armies, {{flagcountry, British Empire, size=22px, {{flagcountry, Empire of Japan, size=22px, {{flag, Czechoslovakia, size=22px, {{flagcountry, Kingdom of Greece, size=22px, {{flag, United States, 1912, size=22px, {{flag, France, size=22px, {{flagcountry, Kingdom of Serbia, size=22px, {{flagcountry, Kingdom of Romania, size=22px, {{flagcountry, Kingdom of Italy, size=22px, {{flagcountry, Republic of China (1912–49), 1912, size=22px, Outer Mongolia, 1911–1919, Mongolia , * Victory of Bolsheviks, Bolshevik forces in Russia,
Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...
, Belarus,
South Caucasus The South Caucasus, also known as Transcaucasia or the Transcaucasus, is a geographical region on the border of Eastern Europe and West Asia, straddling the southern Caucasus Mountains. The South Caucasus roughly corresponds to modern Armenia, ...
, Central Asia, Tuva, and Mongolia; incorporation of those territories into the Soviet Union * Victory for independence movements in Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland; expulsion of Bolsheviks, Bolshevik forces from those territories * Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War withdraw from 1920 to 1925. , - , 1917–1921 , Ukrainian-Soviet War (Ukrainian War of Independence) ,
Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...
and Eastern Poland , {{ubli, {{flag, Russian SFSR, 1918, {{flagicon image, Flag of the Ukrainian SSR (1919-1929).svg Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Ukrainian SSR, Revolutionary Insurrectionary Army of Ukraine, Makhnovshchina , {{ubli, {{flagicon image, Flag of Ukrainian People's Republic 1917.svg Ukrainian People's Republic, {{flagicon image, Flag of Ukraine (1917–1921).svg West Ukrainian People's Republic, {{flag, German Empire (1918), {{flagicon image, Flag of Poland.svg Second Polish Republic, Poland (1920–1921), {{flagicon image, Flag of Ukraine (1917–1921).svg Ukrainian State, Hetmanate of Ukraine, {{flagicon image, Flag of Russia.svg White Movement, {{flag, German Empire (1917–1918), {{flagicon image, Flag of Romania.svg Kingdom of Romania, Romania (1918), {{flagicon image, Flag of Poland.svg Second Polish Republic, Poland (1918–1919), {{flagicon image, Flag of France.svg French Third Republic, France (1919), {{flagicon image, Flag of Greece (1828-1978).svg Kingdom of Greece, Greece (1919) , style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * Formation of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Ukrainian SSR and its incorporation into the Soviet Union * Debellation, Destruction of the Ukrainian People's Republic , - , 1917–1920 , Central Powers intervention in the Russian Civil War * Operation Faustschlag * Crimea Operation (1918) * German Caucasus expedition * Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920) , Eastern Europe and
Caucasus The Caucasus () or Caucasia (), is a region spanning Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is situated between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, comprising parts of Southern Russia, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The Caucasus Mountains, i ...
, Bolsheviks: {{Ubl, {{flag, Russian SFSR, 1918, {{flagicon image, Red flag.svg Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic, {{nowrap, {{flagicon image, Flag_of_the_Commune_of_the_Working_People_of_Estonia.svg Commune of the Working People of Estonia, Commune of Estonia, {{flagicon image, Flag_of_the_Lithuanian-Byelorussian_SSR.svg Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (1918–19), Lithuanian SSR, Latvia * {{flagicon image, Iskolata karogs.svg Iskolat{{efn, 1917–1918 * {{flagicon image, Flag_of_the_Latvian_Socialist_Soviet_Republic_(1918–1920).svg Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic, Latvian SSR{{efn, 1918–20 {{collapsible list , title = {{flagicon image, Socialist red flag.svg Ukrainian Soviet Republics, * {{flagicon image, Socialist red flag.svg Taurida Soviet Socialist Republic, Taurida SSR{{efn, 1918 * {{flagicon image, Socialist red flag.svg Crimean Socialist Soviet Republic, Crimean SSR{{efn, 1919 * {{flagicon image, Socialist red flag.svg Odessa Soviet Republic, Odessa SR{{efn, 1918 * {{flagicon image, Socialist red flag.svg Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic, DK SR{{efn, 1918 * {{flagicon image, Socialist red flag.svg Ukrainian Soviet Republic, Ukrainian SR{{efn, 1918 , titlestyle = font-weight:normal {{Ubl, {{flagicon image, Socialist red flag.svg Rumcherod{{efn, 1918, {{flagicon image, Baku Commune.svg 26 Baku Commissars, Baku Commune{{efn, 1918 ----{{flagicon image, Death to oppressors of workers.svg Makhnovshchina , Central Powers: {{Ubl, In support of:
{{flagdeco, Russia White movement
{{flag, Don Republic
{{flagicon, Belarusian Democratic Republic Belarusian Democratic Republic, Belarus ----{{flag, German Empire{{efn, 1917–1918 {{tree list ** {{flagdeco, Finland, 1918 Kingdom of Finland (1918), Finland ** {{flagdeco, Democratic Republic of Georgia Democratic Republic of Georgia, Georgia ** {{flagdeco, Crimean Regional Government Crimean Regional Government, Crimea {{Ubl, {{flag, Austro-Hungarian Empire, name=Austria-Hungary{{efn, 1917–1918, {{nowrap, {{flag, Ottoman Empire{{efn, 1917–1918 ** {{flagicon image, Flag of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan (1918).svg Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan, Azerbaijan {{Ubl, {{flag, Ukrainian State
{{flagicon image, Flag of the Mountain Republic.svg Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus ----{{flagicon image, Flag of Baltic Germans.svg Baltische Landeswehr, Landeswehr{{efn, 1918–20
{{flagicon image, Flag of the Iron Division Freikorps.svg Freikorps in the Baltic, Freikorps{{efn, 1918–19
{{flagicon image, WestRussianVolunteerArmy.svg West Russian Volunteer Army, Bermontians{{efn, 1918–20 {{tree list/end ----Non-aligned Separatists: {{flagicon, Estonia History of Estonia (1920–1939), Estonia {{flag, Latvia {{flag, Lithuania {{flagdeco, Ukrainian People's Republic Directorate of Ukraine{{efn, 1919 {{flagdeco, Bohemia Czechoslovak Legion Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic, Transcaucasian Republic Supported by: Allies of World War I, Allied Powers: * {{flag, UKGBI, name=United Kingdom * {{flag, French Third Republic, name=France ''and others'' , Pirric Victory * Treaty of Brest-Litovsk is annulled, putting an end to German Mitteleuropa and Lebensraum, and Ottoman Pan-Turkism, Pan-Turkist aspirations, against Russian economic independence. * Planned German client states, such as United Baltic Duchy, Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (1918), Duchy of Courland and Semigallia, Kingdom of Lithuania (1918), Kingdom of Lithuania and Kingdom of Poland (1917–1918), Kingdom of Poland, still fights for their independence and joins the Allies of World War I, Allies. * Start of Finnish Civil War and Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War , - , 1917–1920 , Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War * North Russia intervention * British campaign in the Baltic (1918–1919) * Southern Russia intervention * Siberian intervention * Chinese occupation of Mongolia * North Persia Force, North Persia Force campaign * Malleson mission , Northwest Russia, Southern Russia, Russian Central Asia and
Siberia Siberia ( ; , ) is an extensive geographical region comprising all of North Asia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. It has formed a part of the sovereign territory of Russia and its predecessor states ...
, Bolsheviks: {{Ubl, {{flag, Soviet Russia, {{flag, Far Eastern Republic (1920–1922), {{flag, Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic, name=Latvian SSR (1918–1920), {{flag, Ukrainian SSR, 1919 (1922–1925), {{flagicon image, Flag of Mongolia (1921–1924).svg, 23px Mongolian People's Party, Persian Socialist Soviet Republic ----Central Powers (until 1918): {{flag, German Empire, name=Germany, size=23px {{flagcountry, Austria–Hungary, size=23px {{flag, Ottoman Empire, size=23px {{flag, Kingdom of Bulgaria, name=Bulgaria, size=23px , Allies of World War I, Allied Powers: {{Ubl, {{flagdeco, Russian Empire White movement, {{flagdeco, First Czechoslovak Republic, 1918 Czechoslovak Legion (1918–1919), {{flagdeco, Belgium Belgian Expeditionary Corps in Russia, Belgium (1918–1919), {{flagcountry, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1918–1920) * {{flag, Canada, 1907 (1918–1919) * {{flag, Australia (1918–1919) * {{flag, British Raj, name=India * {{flagcountry, Union of South Africa, 1912 {{Ubl, {{flagcountry, United States, 1912 (1918–1920), {{flagcountry, French Third Republic (1918–1920), {{flagcountry, Empire of Japan (1918–1922), {{flagcountry, Republic of China (1912–1949), 1912 (1919–1921), {{flagcountry, Second Polish Republic, 1919, {{flagcountry, Kingdom of Greece, state, {{flag, Estonia, {{flag, Latvia, {{flagcountry, Kingdom of Serbia, {{flagcountry, Kingdom of Italy, {{flagcountry, Kingdom of Romania, {{flag, Ukrainian People's Republic (1918–1921), {{flagdeco, Mongolia, 1911 Bogd Khanate of Mongolia, Mongolia, {{Flagicon, Iran, 1907 Qajar Iran, Qajar Persia (1918–1920) , Stalemate * Allied victory against Central Powers, taking advantage of former German and Ottoman Puppet state, Puppet states. * Bolshevik pirric victory against Allied Powers incursions to support the White movement and some separatists movements, although loosing territories of former Russian Empire. * Japanese intervention in Siberia, Japanese war in Siberia continues alone until 1922. , - , 1917–1918 , Belarusian-Soviet conflict , Belarus , {{ubli, {{flag, Russian SFSR, 1918, {{flagicon, Russian SFSR, 1918 Western Oblast (1917–18), Belarusian communists, , {{ubli, {{flagicon, Belarusian Democratic Republic Belarusian Democratic Republic, Belarus, 3={{flag, German Empire, 4={{flagicon image, Flag of Poland.svg Kingdom of Poland, Poland , Temporary defeat * After German retreat, :be:Грамадзянская_вайна_і_ваенная_інтэрвенцыя_ў_Беларусі_(1918—1920), Soviet reconquest of Belarus and Polish–Soviet War. , - , 1917–1920 , History of Kazakhstan#The Alash Autonomy (1917–1920), Kazakhstan Campaign ,
Kazakhstan Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a landlocked country primarily in Central Asia, with a European Kazakhstan, small portion in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the Kazakhstan–Russia border, north and west, China to th ...
, {{flag, Russian SFSR, 1918, size=22px , {{flagicon image, Flag of the Alash Autonomy.svg Alash Autonomy
{{flagicon, Russia, size=22px White Movement , style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * Overthrow of the Alash Autonomy; incorporation of
Kazakhstan Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a landlocked country primarily in Central Asia, with a European Kazakhstan, small portion in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the Kazakhstan–Russia border, north and west, China to th ...
into the Soviet Union , - , 1918 , Romanian military intervention in Bessarabia, Romanian intervention in Bessarabia , Moldavia and Bessarabia , {{flagicon image, Red flag.svg Rumcherod (19–30 January) {{flagicon image, Red flag.svg Odessa Soviet Republic, Odessa SR (30 January–8 March) {{flagicon image, Red flag.svg Romanian Revolutionary Military Committee (Feb.) {{flagicon, Moldavian Democratic Republic Moldavian Democratic Republic (pro-Bolshevik factions) Supported by: {{Flagicon image, Flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1918-1920).svg Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Soviet Russia {{Flagicon image, Flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1918-1920).svg Soviet Ukraine ----{{Flagicon, Russia {{flagicon, Ukraine {{ill, Odessa Committee for the Salvation of Bessarabia, ro, Societatea pentru Salvarea Basarabiei , {{flag, Kingdom of Romania * {{flagicon, RO Volunteer Corps of Transylvanians-Bukovinians, Transylvanians-Bukovinians {{flagicon, Moldavian Democratic Republic Moldavian Democratic Republic (anti-Bolshevik factions) {{flag, Russian Republic {{flag, Ukrainian People's Republic ----{{flag, German Empire {{flag, Austria-Hungary , Defeat * Start of Bessarabian question after Union of Bessarabia with Romania. , - , 1918 , Finnish Civil War , Finland , {{ubli, {{flag, Soviet Russia, name=Russian SSR, 1918, Red Guard (Finland), Red Guard , {{ubli, White Guard (Finland), White Guard, {{flagicon, German Empire, 1917 German Empire, Germany , style="background:#F6E4E7" , Defeat * Victory of the White Guard in Finland; expulsion of Bolshevik forces and Finnish independence , - , 1918–1929 , Heimosodat , Finland,
Karelia Karelia (; Karelian language, Karelian and ; , historically Коре́ла, ''Korela'' []; ) is an area in Northern Europe of historical significance for Russia (including the Soviet Union, Soviet era), Finland, and Sweden. It is currentl ...
, Estonia and Northern Russia , {{plainlist, * {{flagdeco, Russian SFSR, 1918 Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russian SFSR * {{flagicon image, Socialist red flag.svg Red Guards (Finland), Finnish Red Guards * {{flagicon image, Flag of the Commune of the Working People of Estonia.svg Commune of the Working People of Estonia, Commune of Estonia * {{flag, United Kingdom (Viena expedition and Petsamo expeditions) , {{plainlist, * {{flagicon image, Flag of Finland 1918 (state).svg White Guard (Finland), Finnish White Guard * {{flagicon, Estonia Estonia * {{flagicon, Uhtua Republic of Uhtua, Uhtua * {{flagicon, Uhtua, war Forest Guerrillas * {{flagicon image, Ingrian people.svg North Ingria{{flag, United Kingdom (Estonian War of Independence) , Stalemate * Finnish victory in Estonia and Petsamo Province * Soviet victory in East Karelia and Northern Russia. , - , 1918–1920 , Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920), Armenian–Azerbaijani war ,
Caucasus The Caucasus () or Caucasia (), is a region spanning Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is situated between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, comprising parts of Southern Russia, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The Caucasus Mountains, i ...
, {{flag, Russian SFSR, 1918 * {{flagicon, Azerbaijan SSR, 1920 Azerbaijan Communist Party (1920), Azerbaijani communists * {{flagicon, Armenian SSR, 1922 Communist Party of Armenia (Soviet Union), Armenian communists ----{{flagicon, Ottoman Empire, 1823 Turkish National Movement, Turkish revolutionaries , {{flagicon, First Republic of Armenia First Republic of Armenia, Armenia ----{{plainlist, * {{flagicon, Azerbaijan Democratic Republic Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, Azerbaijan * {{flagicon, Ottoman Empire, 1823
Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...
* {{flagicon image, Flag of the Republic of Aras.svg, size=23px Republic of Aras (1918–1919) , Stalemate * Start of Soviet invasion of Armenia and Soviet invasion of Azerbaijan, of Azerbaijan, along Turkish–Armenian War. * End of Russo-Turkish wars in Caucasus, Caucassus. , - , 1918 , German Caucasus expedition ,
Caucasus The Caucasus () or Caucasia (), is a region spanning Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is situated between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, comprising parts of Southern Russia, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The Caucasus Mountains, i ...
, {{flag, Russian SFSR, 191826 Baku Commissars, Baku Commune ----{{flagicon image, Flag of the Centrocaspian Dictatorship.svg Centrocaspian Dictatorship * {{flagicon image, Armenian Revolutionary Federation Flag.gif Armenian Revolutionary Federation {{flagcountry, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland , {{flag, German Empire * {{flagicon, Georgia, 1918 Democratic Republic of Georgia, Georgia ----{{nowrap, {{flag, Ottoman Empire * Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan, Azerbaijan , Inconclussive due to end of Caucasus campaign. , - , 1918–1919 , Sochi conflict , Georgia–Russia border , {{ubli, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russian SFSR, {{flagicon image, Flag of Russia.svg Armed Forces of South Russia, {{flag, Ottoman Empire , {{flagicon, Georgia, 1918 Democratic Republic of Georgia, Georgia , style="background:#fefefe" , Indecisive *Sochi and Tuapse transferred to the Russian SFSR *Gagra transferred to Georgia , - , 1918–1919 , German revolution of 1918–1919 , Germany and Eastern Europe , Soviet Republics [Communist Party of Germany, Communists]: * People's State of Bavaria * Bavarian Soviet Republic * Bremen Soviet Republic * {{nowrap, Würzburg Soviet Republic * November 1918 insurgency in Alsace–Lorraine, Alsace–Lorraine Soviet Republic Supported by: {{plainlist, * {{flag, Russian SFSR, 1918 ---- {{flagicon image, Socialist red flag.svg Revolutionaries [Social democracy in Germany, Socialdemocrats]: * Social Democratic Party of Germany, SPD {{small, (until 9 Nov. 1918) * Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany, USPD {{small, (from 9 Nov. 1918) * Spartacus League * Communist Party of Germany, KPD {{small, (from 30 Dec. 1918) * International Communists of Germany, IKD * Revolutionary Stewards * Free Association of German Trade Unions, FVdG , 1918: {{flag, German Empire * Imperial German Army, Imperial Army 1918–1919: {{flag, Weimar Republic * {{lang, de, Freikorps * {{lang, de, Reichswehr * {{lang, de, Der Stahlhelm, Bund der Frontsoldaten, Der Stahlhelm * Social Democratic Party of Germany, SPD , Defeat * Russian Bolsheviks didn't reach Germany after the Soviet westward offensive of 1918–1919 and the intervention on Hungarian Revolution of 1919. * Victory of non-communists in Germany. , - , 1918–1919 , Soviet westward offensive of 1918–1919 , Baltic region, East Slavs, East Slavic states, Southeast Europe and Central Europe , {{flag, Russian SFSR, 1918 {{flagicon image, Flag of the Commune of the Working People of Estonia.svg, 22px Commune of the Working People of Estonia, Soviet Estonia {{flagicon image, Flag of Latvian SSR (1918-1920).svg, 22px Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic, Soviet Latvia {{flagicon image, Flag of the Lithuanian-Byelorussian SSR.svg, 22px Socialist Soviet Republic of Lithuania and Belorussia, Lithuanian-Byelorussian SSR {{flagicon image, Socialist red flag.svg Provisional Polish Revolutionary Committee {{flagicon image, Flag of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (1919–1929).svg Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Ukrainian SSR {{flagicon image, Socialist red flag.svg, 22px Red Guards (Finland), Finnish Red Guards{{sfnp, Thomas, Boltowsky, 2019, p=23 , {{flagdeco, Russia White Movement {{flagdeco, Estonia History of Estonia (1920–1939), Estonia {{flag, Latvia {{flagicon image, Flag of Lithuania (1918-1940).svg Republic of Lithuania (1918–1940), Lithuania {{flagdeco, Belarusian People's Republic, 1918 Belarusian Democratic Republic, Belarus {{flagicon image, Flag of Ukraine (1917–1921).svg Ukrainian People's Republic, Ukraine {{flagicon, Second Polish Republic, 1919 Second Polish Republic, Poland {{flagcountry, Kingdom of Romania {{flagcountry, French Third Republic {{flagcountry, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland {{flagdeco, German Empire Ober Ost Finnish people, Finnish, Danish people, Danish, and Swedish people, Swedish volunteers{{Cite web , last=Per Finsted , title=Boganmeldelse: For Dannebrogs Ære - Danske frivillige i Estlands og Letlands frihedskamp 1919 af Niels Jensen , url=http://www.chakoten.dk/cgi-bin/fm.cgi?n=911 , url-status=dead , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928121525/http://www.chakoten.dk/cgi-bin/fm.cgi?n=911 , archive-date=2011-09-28 , access-date=2011-06-18 , website=chakoten.dk , language=da , Stalemate * Soviet victory on Belarus and occupation of Baltic states (start of Wars of Independence in Baltic States). * Soviet defeat on
Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to ...
and Finland. * Soviet inconclusive tie on Poland and
Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...
(start of Polish–Soviet War and 2nd phase of Ukrainian–Soviet War) , - , 1918–1920 , Latvian War of Independence , Latvia , {{ubli, {{flag, Russian SFSR, 1918, {{flag, Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic, name=Latvian SSR , {{ubli, {{flag, Latvian Army, {{flag, Estonia, {{flagicon, Russia, White movement Anatoly Lieven, Lieven, {{flag, Poland, {{flag, Lithuania Supported by the Allied intervention, Allied Powers {{flagicon, German Empire VI Reserve Corps (German Empire), VI Reserve Corps: * {{flagicon image, Flag of Baltic Germans.svg Baltische Landeswehr * {{flagicon image, Eiserne Division.JPG Freikorps in the Baltic, Freikorps merged into the {{flagicon image, WestRussianVolunteerArmy.svg West Russian Volunteer Army in September 1919 , style="background:#F6E4E7" , Defeat * Expulsion of Bolshevik forces from Latvia; Latvian independence , - , 1918–1920 , Estonian War of Independence , Estonia , {{ubli, {{flag, Russian SFSR, 1918, {{flagicon image, Flag of CWP of Estonia.svg Commune of the Working People of Estonia, Commune of Estonia , {{ubli, {{flag, Estonia, {{flag, Latvia, {{flagcountry, UKGBI, {{flagicon, Russia White Movement Finns, Finnish, Danes, Danish, and Swedes, Swedish volunteers, {{flagicon image, Flag of Baltic Germans.svg {{lang, de, Baltische Landeswehr , style="background:#F6E4E7" , Defeat * Expulsion of Bolshevik forces from Estonia; Estonian independence * Treaty of Tartu (Russian–Estonian), Treaty of Tartu , - , 1918–1919 , Lithuanian–Soviet War , Lithuania , {{ubli, {{flag, Russian SFSR, 1918, {{flagicon image, Flag of the Lithuanian-Byelorussian SSR.svg Lithuanian–Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Lithuanian–Belorussian SSR , {{ubli, {{flagicon, Lithuania Republic of Lithuania, {{flag, Weimar Republic, name=Saxon volunteers , style="background:#F6E4E7" , Defeat * Expulsion of Bolshevik forces from Lithuania; Lithuanian Independence Wars, Lithuanian independence , - , 1918–1920 , Georgian–Ossetian conflict (1918–20), Georgian-Ossetian Conflict ,
Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the South Caucasus * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the southeastern United States Georgia may also refer to: People and fictional characters * Georgia (name), a list of pe ...
, {{ubli, {{flag, Russian SFSR, 1918, South Ossetia, Ossetian rebels , {{ubli, {{flagicon image, Flag of the Transcaucasian Federation.svg Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic, Transcaucasian Federation, {{flagicon image, Flag of Georgia (1918–1921).svg Democratic Republic of Georgia, Georgia , style="background:#F6E4E7" , Defeat * The Ossetian rebellion is crushed , - , 1918–1922 , Siberian intervention ,
Siberia Siberia ( ; , ) is an extensive geographical region comprising all of North Asia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. It has formed a part of the sovereign territory of Russia and its predecessor states ...
, Sakhalin and Northern China , {{flag, Russian SFSR, 1918 * {{Flag, Far Eastern Republic {{flagicon image, Flag of the People's Republic of Mongolia (1921-1924).svg, size=22px Mongolian People's Party, Mongolian Communists Supported by: {{flagicon image, Flag of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea.svg Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea , {{tree list *{{flagdeco, Russia Russian state, Russian State ** {{flagicon image, Flag of Green Ukraine.svg Green Ukraine, Zelenyi Klyn Allies of World War I, Allied Powers:
{{flagcountry, Empire of Japan
{{flagdeco, First Czechoslovak Republic Czechoslovak Legion, Czechoslovakia
{{flagcountry, Second Polish Republic, 1919
{{flag, United States, 1912
{{flagcountry, Kingdom of Italy
{{flagcountry, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland ** {{flag, Canada, 1868 {{flagdeco, Republic of China (1912–1949), 1912 Beiyang Government, China
{{flagcountry, French Third Republic
{{flagdeco, Mongolia, 1911 Outer Mongolia, 1911–1919, Mongolia {{tree list/end , Victory * Bolshevik forces consolidates control over Russian Far East. * Soviet–Japanese Basic Convention , - , 1918–20 , Revolutions and interventions in Hungary (1918–1920), Revolutions and interventions in Hungary , Hungary, Slovakia,
Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to ...
and Croatia , {{flagdeco, Hungary, 1918 First Hungarian Republic, Hungarian Republic ----{{flagicon, Soviet Hungary Hungarian Soviet Republic, Hungarian SR
{{flagicon image, Socialist red flag.svg Slovak Soviet Republic, Slovak SR Supported by: {{Flagicon image, Flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1918-1920).svg Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Soviet Russia , {{flagicon, Hungary, 1915 Hungarian Republic (1919–1920), Kingdom of Hungary ----{{flag, First Czechoslovak Republic, 1918, name=Czechoslovakia
{{flagicon, Kingdom of Romania Kingdom of Romania, Romania
{{flagcountry, State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs
{{flag, Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, name=Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
{{nowrap, {{flagicon image, Flag of the Slovene Nation.svg Republic of Prekmurje
{{nowrap, {{flagicon image, Flag of Ukraine (1917–1921).svg Hutsul Republic Supported by:{{flag, French Third Republic, name=France , Defeat * Victory of Counter-Revolutionaries in Hungary. Fall of Hungarian Soviet Republic * Victory of Anti-Hungarian sentiment, Anti-Hungarian separatists. Cordon sanitaire (politics), Cordon sanitaire backed by France is stablished against Bolshevik Russia and Weimar German, Weimar Germany. , - , 1918–19 , Hungarian–Romanian War , Transylvania and Bessarabia , {{plainlist, * {{flag, Kingdom of Hungary (13 November 1918 – 16 November 1918) * {{flagcountry, First Hungarian Republic (16 November 1918 – 21 March 1919) * {{flag, Soviet Hungary (from 21 March 1919){{plainlist, Supported by: * {{flagcountry, Russian SFSR, 1918, name=Soviet Russia , {{plainlist, * {{flagcountry, Kingdom of Romania {{plainlist, Supported by: * {{flagcountry, French Third Republic , Defeat * Union of Bessarabia with Romania is consolidated * Union of Transylvania with Romania is consolidated. , - , 1918–19 , Hungarian–Czechoslovak War , Hungary–Slovakia border , {{plainlist, * {{flagcountry, First Hungarian Republic (until 21 March 1919) * {{flag, Soviet Hungary (from 21 March 1919) * Slovak Soviet Republic, Slovak SR{{plainlist, Supported by: * {{flagcountry, Russian SFSR, 1918, name=Soviet Russia * Bessarabian Soviet Socialist Republic, Bessarabian SSR , {{flagcountry, First Czechoslovak Republic, 1918 Hungarian anti-communists Supported by: {{flagcountry, French Third Republic {{flagcountry, Kingdom of Romania , Defeat * Dissolution of the short-lived Slovak Soviet Republic , - , 1919 , Khotyn Uprising , Bessarabia , {{flagicon, Russian Empire Committee for the Salvation of Bessarabia * {{flagicon, Ukrainian People's Republic Ukrainian and Moldovan insurgents ---- Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Ukrainian SSR Red Guard (Finland), Red Guard , {{flagcountry, Kingdom of Romania ----{{flagicon image, Flag of Ukraine (1917–1921).svg Ukrainian People's Republic, Ukraine , Defeat , - , 1919 , Bender Uprising , Bessarabia , {{ubli, {{flag, Ukrainian SSR, 1919, Red Guard (Finland), Red Guard , {{flagcountry, Kingdom of Romania{{flagcountry, French Third Republic , Defeat , - , 1919–1921 , Polish–Soviet War , Poland, Vilnius Region, Vilnius,Western Belorussia and Western Ukraine, Ukraine , {{ubli, {{flag, Russian SFSR, 1918, {{flag, Ukrainian SSR, 1919, {{flag, Byelorussian SSR, 1919, {{flagicon image, Red flag.svg Provisional Polish Revolutionary Committee, Polrewkom , {{ubli, {{flag, Second Polish Republic, name=Poland, {{flag, Ukrainian People's Republic, name=Ukrainian nationalists, {{flag, Belarusian Democratic Republic, name=Belarusian nationalists , {{flag, Latvia , style="background:#F6E4E7" , Defeat * Bolshevik forces expelled from Poland * Peace of Riga * Debellation, Destruction of the Ukrainian People's Republic , - , 1919–1923 , Turkish War of Independence , Turkey and
Caucasus The Caucasus () or Caucasia (), is a region spanning Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is situated between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, comprising parts of Southern Russia, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The Caucasus Mountains, i ...
, {{ubli, {{flagdeco, Ottoman Empire, size=22px Government of the Grand National Assembly, Turkey, {{flag, Russian SFSR, 1918, size=22px{{cite book, last=Jelavich, first=Barbara, title=History of the Balkans: Twentieth century, url=https://archive.org/details/historyofbalkans0000jela, url-access=registration, year=1983, publisher=Cambridge University Press, isbn=978-0-521-27459-3, pag
131
} , {{ubli, {{flagcountry, Kingdom of Greece, size=22px, {{flagcountry, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, name=United Kingdom, size=22px, {{flagcountry, First Republic of Armenia, name=Armenia, size=22px , style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * Overthrow of the Ottoman sultanate * Establishment of the Turkey, Republic of Turkey , - , 1920 , Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan, Invasion of Azerbaijan , Azerbaijan , {{ubli, {{flag, Russian SFSR, 1918, size=22px, {{flag, Azerbaijan SSR, 1920, size=22px, name=Azerbaijan SSR , {{flagicon, Azerbaijan, size=22px Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, Azerbaijan , style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * Overthrow of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic government; incorporation of Azerbaijan into the Soviet Union , - , 1920 , Red Army invasion of Armenia, Invasion of Armenia ,
Armenia Armenia, officially the Republic of Armenia, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of West Asia. It is a part of the Caucasus region and is bordered by Turkey to the west, Georgia (country), Georgia to the north and Azerbaijan to ...
, {{flag, Russian SFSR, 1918 , {{flagicon, Armenia, 1918 First Republic of Armenia, Armenia , style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * Overthrow of the First Republic of Armenia; incorporation of Armenia into the Soviet Union , - , 1915–1921 , Jungle Movement of Gilan, Jungle Movement insurrection on Gilan * Anzali Operation ,
Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...
, Persian Socialist Soviet Republic, Persian SSR * Jungle Movement of Gilan, Jungle revolutionaries Supported by: {{Flagicon image, Flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1918-1920).svg Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Soviet Russia (since 1920) , Qajar Iran * Persian Cossack Brigade ----{{flag, Russian Empire (1915–1917) * White movement (since 1920) {{flag, British Empire , Defeat * Anglo-Soviet Trade Agreement forces the retreat of Bolsheviks and Caspian Flotilla#Soviet era, Soviet Caspian Flotilla from northern Iran. , - , 1921 , Red Army invasion of Georgia, Invasion of Georgia ,
Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the South Caucasus * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the southeastern United States Georgia may also refer to: People and fictional characters * Georgia (name), a list of pe ...
, {{ubli, {{flag, Russian SFSR, 1918, {{flag, Azerbaijan SSR, 1920, {{flagdeco, Ottoman Empire, size=22px Government of the Grand National Assembly, Turkey , {{flagicon image, Flag of Georgia (1918–1921).svg Democratic Republic of Georgia, Georgia , style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * Overthrow of the Democratic Republic of Georgia; incorporation of Georgia into the Soviet Union , - , 1921 , :ru:Ввод_РККА_в_Алтайский_округ, Red army incursion on Altay , Xinjiang (Chinese Turkestan) , {{ubli, {{flag, Russian SFSR, 1918, {{flagicon image, Flag of the People's Republic of Mongolia (1921-1924).svg, border, 22px Mongolian People's Party ----{{flagcountry, Republic of China (1912–1949), 1912 , {{flagicon, Russia, size=22px White Movement * Orenburg Cossacks , Victory * Andrei Bakich anti-bolshevik resistance fled to Mongolia, starting Soviet intervention in Mongolia. , - , 1921 , Soviet intervention in Mongolia , Mongolia, Tuva and Northern China , {{ubli, {{flag, Russian SFSR, 1918, {{flagicon image, Flag of the People's Republic of Mongolia (1921-1924).svg, border, 22px Mongolian People's Party , Bogd Khanate of Mongolia, Mongolia Supported by: {{flagicon, Russia, size=22px White Movement * Asiatic Cavalry Division ----{{flagcountry, Republic of China (1912–1949), 1912 * Anhui clique Supported by: {{nowrap, {{flagdeco, Empire of Japan Empire of Japan, Japan , style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * Mongolian Revolution of 1921 success in overthrown the Bogd Khan. * Provisional People's Republic of Mongolia established as a protectorate. End of Chinese occupation of Mongolia. , - , 1921 , Free City Incident , Russian Far East , {{flag, Russian SFSR, 1918 * {{Flag, Far Eastern Republic Korean Revolutionary Military Government Council * Irkutsk Faction (Korean Communist Party) , {{flagicon image, Flag of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea.svg Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea * Shanghai Faction (Korean Communist Party) , Victory * Korean Independence Army is dismantled due to Japanese pression , - , 1921 , 1921 Persian coup d'état ,
Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...
, {{flagicon image, Flag of Persian Socialist Soviet Republic.svg Jangal movement of Gilan, Jangalis Simko Shikak, Simko Kurdish people, Kurdish rebels {{flagicon image, Flag of Persia (1910).svg Colonel Pesian's forces Supported by: {{flag, Russian SFSR, 1918 , Qajar Iran ----Persian Cossack Brigade Supported by: ''{{flagicon, United Kingdom, 1922, size=23px United Kingdom'' , Defeat * Suppression of Colonel Pessian's revolt and dissolution of the Autonomous Government of Khorasan * Dissolution of the Republic of Gilan after Mirza Kuchik Khan lost support from Vladimir Lenin. * Russo-Persian Treaty of Friendship (1921) * White Movement, White Russian counter-revolutionary forces who fled to Iran, along Communist Party of Persia, are repressed by Persian Monarchy , - , 1921–1922 , East Karelian Uprising and Soviet–Finnish conflict 1921–22, East Karelian Uprising , East Karelia , {{flag, Russian SFSR, 1918 , {{ubli, Forest Guerrillas, {{flagicon, Finland White Guard (Finland), Finnish volunteers , style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * The uprising is crushed


Russia and the Soviet Union (1916–1934)

{, class="wikitable" ! style="width:75px" , Date ! style="width:277px" , Conflict ! style="width:101px" , Location ! style="width:170px" , Russia and its allies ! style="width:220px" , Opponent(s) ! style="width:340px" , Result , - , 1916–1934 , Basmachi movement, Central Asian Revolt , Central Asia , *{{flagicon, Russian Empire Russian Empire (until 1917) *{{flag, Russian SFSR, 1918 ** {{flagicon image, Turkestan Autonomous SSR Flag.svg Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Turkestan ASSR ** {{flagicon image, Flag of Kirghiz ASSR (1920-25).svg Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1920–1925), Kirghiz ASSR *{{flag, Soviet Union (from 1922) , {{ubli, {{flagicon image, Bandera del Turquestan.svg Basmachi movement, Basmachi, Khanate of Khiva, Khiva, Emirate of Bukhara, Bukhara, Kingdom of Afghanistan, Afghanistan , style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * The revolt is crushed


Soviet Union (1922–1991)

{{Main article, List of wars involving the Soviet Union {{excerpt, List of wars involving the Soviet Union, List


Russian Federation (1991–present)

{{Main, List of battles involving Russia {, class="wikitable" ! style="width:60px" , Date ! style="width:277px" , Conflict ! style="width:101px" , Location ! style="width:170px" , Russia and its allies ! style="width:220px" , Opponent(s) ! style="width:340px" , Result for Russia , - , 1991–1993 , Georgian Civil War ,
Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the South Caucasus * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the southeastern United States Georgia may also refer to: People and fictional characters * Georgia (name), a list of pe ...
, {{flagicon, Georgia, 1990, size=23px Cabinet of Georgia (country), Government of Georgia
Supported by
{{flag, Russia, 1991, size=23px , {{flagicon, Georgia, 1990 Zviad Gamsakhurdia's government in exile {{flagicon, Georgia, 1990, size=23px Zviadists , style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * Zviadist revolt crushed , - , 1991–1992 , 1991–1992 South Ossetia War, South Ossetian War , South Ossetia , {{ubl, {{flagicon, South Ossetia South Ossetia, {{flag, Russia, 1991, size=25px , {{flagicon, Georgia, 1990, size=23px
Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the South Caucasus * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the southeastern United States Georgia may also refer to: People and fictional characters * Georgia (name), a list of pe ...
, style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * South Ossetia gains ''de facto'' independence , - , 1992–1993 , War in Abkhazia (1992–1993), War in Abkhazia , Abkhazia , {{ubli, {{flag, Abkhazia, size=25px, {{flag, Russia, 1991, size=25px{{efn, Disputed: see War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)#Russia's role in the conflict, Russia's role in the War in Abkhazia, {{flagicon image, КГНК.png Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus , {{ubli, {{flag, Georgia, 1990, size=23px, {{flagicon image, UNSO-flag.svg, 20px UNA-UNSO , style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * Abkhazia gained ''de facto'' independence , - , 1992 , Transnistria War , Transnistria , {{flag, Transnistria, size=23px
{{flag, Russia, 1991, size=23px * {{flagicon image, Red Army flag.svg 14th Guards Army {{small, ''(elements)''Richard Humphries
"Transnistria: relic of a bygone era"
''The Japan Times'', 8 October 2001. Retrieved 6 August 2014 * {{flagicon image, Flag of Don Cossacks.svg, 20px Don Cossacks * {{flagicon image, Flag of Kuban People's Republic.svg, 20px Kuban Cossacks {{flagicon image, Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine, Ukrainian volunteers * {{flagicon image, UNSO-flag.svg, 20px UNA-UNSO.Sabrina Ramet (1999)
''The radical right in Central and Eastern Europe since 1989''
Pennsylvania University Press. {{ISBN, 0-271-01810-0. pp. 290ff. , {{ubli, {{flag, Moldova, size=23px, {{flagdeco, Romania
Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to ...
n volunteers and military advisersKumar Rupesinghe and Valery A. Tishkov (1996)
"Dynamics of the Moldova Trans-Dniester ethnic conflict (late 1980s to early 1990s)"
{{Webarchive, url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090310231622/http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu12ee/uu12ee0b.htm#7%20large%20scale%20inter%20ethnic%20violence , date=10 March 2009 . In ''Ethnicity and power in the contemporary world''. United Nations University Press. , style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * Transnistria gains ''de facto'' independence , - , 1992–1997 , Tajikistani Civil War , Tajikistan , {{ubli, {{flagicon, Tajikistan, 1991/{{flag, Tajikistan, size=23px, {{flagicon, Russia, 1991/{{flag, Russia, {{flag, Uzbekistan, size=23px, {{flagicon, Kazakhstan, 1991/{{flag, Kazakhstan, {{flagicon, Kyrgyzstan, 1991/{{flag, Kyrgyzstan, size=23px, {{flagicon, Turkmenistan, 1991/{{flag, Turkmenistan, 1992 Supported by * {{flagicon, Belarus, 1991/{{flag, Belarus (weapons supplies) , {{ubli, {{flagicon image, Flag red white green 5x3.svg United Tajik Opposition, {{flagicon, Afghanistan, 1992 Islamic State of Afghanistan, Afghanistan (until 1996), {{flagicon image, Flag of Hezbi Islami Gulbuddin.svg Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin (until 1996), {{flagicon, Afghanistan, Taliban Taliban, Taliban factions{{efn, The Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001), Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, which was headed by the Taliban and governed 90% of Afghanistan, officially declared their Neutrality (international relations), neutrality in the conflict, though several Taliban factions went on to fight on the side of the opposition nonetheless.{{cite book, url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hLi9oJMT5B8C&pg=PA96, title=Tajikistan in the New Central Asia, isbn=9781845112936, access-date=17 December 2014, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116011515/https://books.google.com/books?id=hLi9oJMT5B8C&pg=PA96, archive-date=16 January 2016, url-status=live, last1=Jonson, first1=Lena, date=25 August 2006 Supported by{{ubli, {{flagicon image, Flag of al-Qaeda.svg al-Qaeda, {{flagicon image, Flag of al-Qaeda.svg Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan , style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * United Nations-sponsored armistice , - , 1994–1996 , First Chechen War , Chechnya , {{flag, Russia * {{flagicon image, Flag of the Chechen Republic (before 2004).svg Loyalist opposition , {{flag, Chechen Republic of Ichkeria ---- ''Foreign volunteers'': *{{Flagicon image, Flag of Jihad.svg Chechen Mujahideen, Foreign Mujahideen{{cite news, url=http://www.jamestown.org/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=30233&no_cache=1#.VN-g-C7SWUk, title=TURKISH VOLUNTEERS IN CHECHNYA, newspaper=Jamestown, access-date=2015-02-14, archive-date=2016-03-03, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303210947/http://www.jamestown.org/single/?tx_ttnews[tt_news]=30233&no_cache=1#.VN-g-C7SWUk, url-status=live{{cite book, author=Amjad M. Jaimoukha, title=The Chechens: A Handbook, url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PnjAlei9fe0C&pg=PA237, year=2005, publisher=Psychology Press, isbn=978-0-415-32328-4, page=237, access-date=2017-12-04, archive-date=2024-09-06, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240906142625/https://books.google.com/books?id=PnjAlei9fe0C&pg=PA237#v=onepage&q&f=false, url-status=live *{{Flagicon image, Flag of UNA-UNSO.svg UNA-UNSO * {{Flagicon image, Grey Wolves Gokturk Flag.svg Grey Wolves (organization), Grey Wolves{{cite book, last1=Cooley, first1=John K., author-link1=John K. Cooley, title=Unholy Wars: Afghanistan, America and International Terrorism, date=2002, publisher=Pluto Press, location=London, isbn=978-0-7453-1917-9, pag
195
edition=3rd, quote=A Turkish Fascist youth group, the "Grey Wolves", was recruited to fight with the Chechens.{{cite book, last=Goltz, first=Thomas, author-link=Thomas Goltz, title=Chechnya Diary: A War Correspondent's Story of Surviving the War in Chechnya, date=2003, publisher=Thomas Dunne Books, location=New York, isbn=978-0-312-26874-9, pag
22
quote=I called a well-informed diplomat pal and arranged to meet him at a bar favored by the pan-Turkic crowd known as the Gray Wolves, who were said to be actively supporting the Chechens with men and arms.
...the Azerbaijani Gray Wolf leader, Iskander, Hamidov..., url-access=registration, url=https://archive.org/details/chechnyadiarywar00thom/page/22{{cite news, last=Isingor, first=Ali, title=Istanbul: Gateway to a holy war, url=http://edition.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/europe/09/06/chechnya.istanbul/, publisher=CNN, date=6 September 2000, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017193747/http://edition.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/europe/09/06/chechnya.istanbul/, archive-date=17 October 2014{{cite magazine, title=Grey Wolves in Syria, url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/4984/Grey-Wolves-Turkey%E2%80%99s-armed-proxy-in-Syria/, magazine=Egypt Today, date=11 May 2017, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721053838/https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/4984/Grey-Wolves-Turkey%E2%80%99s-armed-proxy-in-Syria/, archive-date=21 July 2023, access-date=21 July 2023, url-status=live , style="background:#F6E4E7" , Defeat * Withdrawal of Russian forces from Chechnya * Khasav-Yurt Accord * ''De facto'' independence of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, but ''de jure'' it remains a part of the Russian Federation , - , 1999 , War of Dagestan ,
Dagestan Dagestan ( ; ; ), officially the Republic of Dagestan, is a republic of Russia situated in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe, along the Caspian Sea. It is located north of the Greater Caucasus, and is a part of the North Caucasian Fede ...
, {{flag, Russia, size=23px , {{flagicon image, Flag of Majlis.png, size=23px Islamic International Brigade, IIPB , style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * Start of the Second Chechen War , - , 1999–2009 , Second Chechen War , Chechnya , {{flag, Russia * {{flagicon image, Flag of the Chechen Republic (before 2004).svg Provisional Council (until 2000) * {{flagicon image, Flag of the Chechen Republic.svg Chechnya, Chechen Republic (from 2000) , {{Flagicon image, Flag of Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.svg Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (1999–2007) * {{Flagicon image, Flag of the Caucasian Front.png Caucasian Front (Chechen War), Caucasian Front (2005–2007) {{Flagicon image, Flag of Caucasian Emirate.svg Caucasus Emirate (2007–2009) * North Caucasian volunteers {{flagicon image, Flag_of_Jihad.svg Chechen Mujahideen, Mujahideen {{flagicon image, Grey Wolves Gokturk Flag.svg Grey Wolves (organization), Grey Wolves{{cite book, last1=Cooley, first1=John K., author-link1=John K. Cooley, title=Unholy Wars: Afghanistan, America and International Terrorism, date=2002, publisher=Pluto Press, location=London, isbn=978-0-7453-1917-9, pag
195
edition=3rd, quote=A Turkish Fascist youth group, the "Grey Wolves", was recruited to fight with the Chechens.{{cite book, last=Goltz, first=Thomas, author-link=Thomas Goltz, title=Chechnya Diary: A War Correspondent's Story of Surviving the War in Chechnya, date=2003, publisher=Thomas Dunne Books, location=New York, isbn=978-0-312-26874-9, pag
22
quote=I called a well-informed diplomat pal and arranged to meet him at a bar favored by the pan-Turkic crowd known as the Gray Wolves, who were said to be actively supporting the Chechens with men and arms.
...the Azerbaijani Gray Wolf leader, Iskander, Hamidov..., url-access=registration, url=https://archive.org/details/chechnyadiarywar00thom/page/22 , style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * Fall and exile of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria * Establishment of the Chechnya, Chechen Republic * Beginning of the insurgency in the North Caucasus *Chechnya reincorporated back into Russia , - , 2008 , Russo-Georgian War ,
Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the South Caucasus * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the southeastern United States Georgia may also refer to: People and fictional characters * Georgia (name), a list of pe ...
, South Ossetia and Abkhazia , {{ubli, {{flag, Russia, size=23px, {{flag, South Ossetia, size=23px, {{flag, Abkhazia, size=23px , {{flag, Georgia, size=23px , style="background:#D4F7D4" , Victory * Occupation of Abkhazia and South Ossetia , - , 2014–present , Russo-Ukrainian War ,
Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...
, {{flag, Russia, size=23px * {{flag, Donetsk People's Republic, name=Donetsk People's Republic, size=23px * {{flag, Luhansk People's Republic, size=23px Supported by *{{flag, Belarus (since 2022){{efn, For further details, see Belarusian involvement in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine * {{flagicon, North Korea North Korea (since 2024) , {{flag, Ukraine, size=23px Supported by: see List of military aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War, List of foreign aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War , style="background:#E6E6B7" , Ongoing * Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, 2014 Russian annexation of Crimea * War in Donbas (2014–2022), War in Donbas * Minsk Protocol, an un-implemented ceasefire agreement * Prelude to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, 2021–22 Russo-Ukrainian crisis * 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine * Annexation of Southern and Eastern Ukraine , - , 2015–2024 , Russian military intervention in the Syrian Civil War , Syria , {{flag, Russia
{{flag, Iran
{{flag, Ba'athist Syria, name=Syrian Arab Republic
Humanitarian support: * {{flag, Armenia In support of: * {{flagicon image, Flag of Syrian Democratic Forces.svg Syrian Democratic Forces (2016–2017) ---- {{flag, Russia
In support of: * {{flag, Turkey (2017, against ISIL during Operation Euphrates Shield) , {{flagicon image, Flag of Jihad.svg Al-Qaeda * {{flagicon image, Flag of the Al-Nusra Front.svg Al-Nusra Front (2013–2016) * {{flagicon image , Flag of Jabhat Fatah al-Sham.svg Jabhat Fath al-Sham (2016–2017) * {{flagicon image , Flag of Jund al-Aqsa.svg Jund al-Aqsa (2017–2018) * {{flagicon image} Hurras al-Din, Guardians of Religion (2018–2025) ---- {{flagicon, Islamic State Islamic State ---- {{flagicon image, Emblem of the Jaish al-Fatah.svg, border=no Army of Conquest (2015–2017)
Supported by: * {{flag, Turkey{{cite news , url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/syria-crisis-turkey-and-saudi-arabia-shock-western-countries-by-supporting-antiassad-jihadists-10242747.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150513214636/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/syria-crisis-turkey-and-saudi-arabia-shock-western-countries-by-supporting-antiassad-jihadists-10242747.html , archive-date=13 May 2015 , title=Turkey and Saudi Arabia by backing Islamist extremists the Americans had bombed in Syria , author=Kim Sengupta , newspaper=The Independent , date=12 May 2015 * {{flag, Saudi Arabia (2015–2017){{cite web, url=http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/10/8/gulf-states-increase-arms-to-syrian-rebels-over-russian-intervention.html, title=Gulf states increase arms to Syrian rebels in counter to Russia airstrikes, author=Tom Kutsch, date=8 October 2015, publisher=Al Jazeera English, Al Jazeera, access-date=1 November 2015, archive-date=5 November 2015, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151105022047/http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/10/8/gulf-states-increase-arms-to-syrian-rebels-over-russian-intervention.html, url-status=live * {{flag, Qatar{{cite news , url=http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/News/12392/21/Gulf-allies-and-%E2%80%98Army-of-Conquest%E2%80%99.aspx , title=Gulf allies and 'Army of Conquest' , author=Gareth Porter , newspaper=Al-Ahram Weekly , date=28 May 2015 , author-link=Gareth Porter , archive-date=19 September 2015 , access-date=9 October 2015 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150919055514/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/News/12392/21/Gulf-allies-and-%E2%80%98Army-of-Conquest%E2%80%99.aspx , url-status=live ---- {{flagicon image, Flag of the Syrian Salvation Government.svg Syrian Salvation Government * Tahrir al-Sham (2017–2025) Supported by: * {{flag, Qatar * {{flag, Turkey (2017-present) ---- {{flag, Syrian opposition * {{flagicon, Syrian opposition Free Syrian Army{{cite web, url=https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2015/09/30/Russia-launches-airstrikes-against-ISIS-in-Syria.html, title=Russia unleashes first wave of airstrikes in Syria, date=30 September 2015, publisher=Al Arabiya, access-date=3 October 2015, archive-date=9 June 2019, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190609011801/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2015/09/30/Russia-launches-airstrikes-against-ISIS-in-Syria.html, url-status=live * {{flagicon image, Official Flag of Syrian Turkmen.jpg Syrian Turkmen Brigades * {{flagicon image, Logo of Jaysh al-Islam.jpg Jaysh al-Islam{{cite news , last=Fisk , first=Robert , url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/syria-s-moderates-have-disappeared-and-there-are-no-good-guys-a6679406.html , title=Syria's 'moderates' have disappeared... and there are no good guys , work=The Independent , date=4 October 2015 , access-date=8 October 2015 , archive-date=8 October 2015 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008001613/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/syria-s-moderates-have-disappeared-and-there-are-no-good-guys-a6679406.html , url-status=live Supported by: * {{flag, Turkey * {{flag, Saudi Arabia (2015–2017) * {{flag, United States (2015–2017){{Ref label, america, a ---- {{flagicon image, Flag of Syrian Democratic Forces.svg Syrian Democratic Forces (Deir ez-Zor campaign (2017–19)#Opening of a second front, 2017–present) , style="background:#F6E4E7" , Syrian opposition victory * Russian forces fail to prevent the fall of the Assad regime * Russian forces begin withdrawal after the 2024 Syrian opposition offensives, 2024 opposition offensives * Continued Russian presence at the Tartus naval base and Khmeimim Air Base * Islamic State loses all territory in Syria , - , 2018–present , Central African Republic Civil War , Central African Republic , {{ubli, {{country, Russia, size=22px, {{country, Central African Republic, size=22px, {{country, Rwanda, size=22px , {{flagicon, Central African Republic, size=22px Coalition of Patriots for Change , style="background:#E6E6B7" , Ongoing , - , 2021–present , Mali War , Mali , {{ubli, {{country, Russia, size=22px, {{country, Mali, size=22px , {{ubli, {{flagicon image, Flag of Jihad.svg Al-Qaeda, {{flag, Islamic State , style="background:#E6E6B7" , Ongoing , - , 2024–present"Russian troops deploy to Burkina Faso"
''Reuters''. 25 January 2024 , Jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso , Burkina Faso , {{ubli, {{country, Russia, size=22px, {{country, Burkina Faso, size=22px , {{ubli, {{flagicon image, Flag of Jihad.svg Al-Qaeda, {{flag, Islamic State , style="background:#E6E6B7" , Ongoing , -


See also

{{div col * {{annotated link, Armed Forces of the Russian Federation * {{annotated link, History of Russia * {{annotated link, Military history of Russia * {{annotated link, List of wars {{smaller, (:Lists of wars, Lists of wars) * List of wars between Russia and Sweden * List of wars involving Armenia * List of wars involving Azerbaijan * List of wars involving Belarus * List of wars involving Estonia * List of wars involving Finland * List of wars and battles involving Galicia–Volhynia * List of wars involving Georgia (country) * List of wars involving Kazakhstan * List of wars involving Kyrgyzstan * List of wars involving Latvia * List of wars involving Lithuania * List of wars involving Moldova * List of wars involving the Novgorod Republic * List of wars involving Poland ** List of armed conflicts involving Poland against Russia * List of wars involving Tajikistan * List of wars involving Turkey * List of wars involving Ukraine * List of wars involving Uzbekistan {{div col end


Notes

{{notelist


References

{{reflist


Sources

{{refbegin * {{cite book , last=Terentyev , first=M. , lang=ru , script-title=ru:История завоевания Средней Азии , trans-title=The history of the conquest of Central Asia , others=Volume 1 , date=2022 , isbn=978-5-4481-1327-7 * {{cite book , last=Виталий , first=Пенской , title=Ливонская война: Забытые победы Ивана Грозного 1558-1561 гг. , location=Moscow , publisher=Москва , year = 2020 , ISBN = 978-5-00155-260-4 * {{cite book , last=Гумилев , first=Лев , title=От Руси к России , location=Moscow , publisher=Москва , year = 2023, ISBN = 978-5-17-153845-3 * {{Cite book , last1=Alef , first1=Gustave , date=1983 , title=Rulers and nobles in fifteenth century Muscovy. Part II , chapter=The Battle of Suzdal' in 1445. An Episode in the Muscovite War of Succession (1978) , url=http://opac.regesta-imperii.de/lang_de/anzeige.php?pk=2018468 , location=London , publisher=Variorum Reprints , pages=11–20 , isbn=9780860781202 (first published in ''Forschungen zur osteuropäischen Geschichte'' 25 (1978) Berlin.) * {{cite book , last=Halperin, first=Charles J., year=1987, title=Russia and the Golden Horde: The Mongol Impact on Medieval Russian History , pages=222 , isbn=9781850430575 (e-book). * {{Cite book , last1=Katchanovski , first1=Ivan , authorlink1=Ivan Katchanovski , last2=Kohut , first2=Zenon E. , authorlink2=Zenon Kohut , last3=Nesebio , first3=Bohdan Y. , last4=Yurkevich , first4=Myroslav , date=2013 , title=Historical Dictionary of Ukraine , url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-h6r57lDC4QC , location=Lanham, Maryland; Toronto; Plymouth , publisher=Scarecrow Press , pages=992 , isbn=9780810878471 , access-date=24 January 2023 * {{Cite book , last=Kohn , first=George Childs , date=2013 , title=Dictionary of Wars. Revised Edition , url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qTDfAQAAQBAJ , location=Londen/New York , publisher=Routledge , isbn=9781135954949 *{{Cite book , last1=Logan , first1=F. Donald , authorlink1=F. Donald Logan , date=2005 , title=The Vikings in History , url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7K2ywwGox6IC , location=New York , publisher=Routledge (Taylor & Francis) , pages=205 , isbn=9780415327565 , access-date=26 January 2023 , archive-date=23 April 2023 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423152845/https://books.google.com/books?id=7K2ywwGox6IC , url-status=live (third edition) * {{cite book , title=Medieval Russia: 980–1584 , last=Martin , first=Janet , year=1995 , publisher=Cambridge University Press , location=New York , isbn=0521362768 * {{cite book , last=Martin , first=Janet , title=Medieval Russia: 980–1584 , edition=Second , type=E-book , url=https://www.ebooks.com/en-us/book/802816/medieval-russia-980-1584/janet-martin/ , year=2007 , publisher=Cambridge University Press , location=Cambridge , isbn=978-0-511-36800-4 * {{cite book , last=Martin , first=Janet , editor-last=Freeze , editor-first=Gregory , url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GNeFDyRSp0wC , title=Russia: A History , chapter=From Kiev to Muscovy: The Beginnings to 1450 , location=Oxford , publisher=Oxford University Press , date=2009b , pages=1–30 , isbn=978-0-19-150121-0 , access-date=27 January 2023 , archive-date=27 January 2023 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127141118/https://books.google.com/books?id=GNeFDyRSp0wC , url-status=live (third edition) * {{Cite book , last1=Ostrowski , first1=Donald , date=1993 , title=Christianity and the Eastern Slavs. Volume I: Slavic Cultures in the Middle Ages , url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zN_rDwAAQBAJ , chapter=Why did the Metropolitan Move from Kiev to Vladimir in the Thirteenth Century , location=Berkeley , publisher=University of California Press , pages=83–101 , isbn=9780520360198 , access-date=16 May 2023 {{doi, 10.1525/9780520313606-009 * {{cite book , last=Shaikhutdinov , first=Marat , date=23 November 2021 , chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s6JMEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT104 , title=Between East and West: The Formation of the Moscow State , chapter=3.4 Invasion of Tokhtamysh , publisher=Academic Studies Press , pages=104–107, isbn=9781644697153 {{refend {{Russian Conflicts {{Europe topic, List of wars involving, title=Lists of wars involving European countries {{Asia topic, List of wars involving, title=List of wars involving Asian countries {{DEFAULTSORT:Wars Involving Russia Wars involving Russia, Lists of wars by country involved, Russia Military history of Russia, * Russia history-related lists Russian and Soviet military-related lists